Transmission Sentence Context
Table 1. Analysis of context sentence of 6844 absracts clustered as Transmission.
| PMID | Gene Context Sentence | ePubDate |
|---|---|---|
| 31967321 | Taken together, our results suggest that homologous recombination may occur and contribute to the 2019-nCoV cross-species transmission. | 2020-03-19 |
| 31986261 | No data on person-to-person or nosocomial transmission have been published to date. […] Our findings are consistent with person-to-person transmission of this novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings, and the reports of infected travellers in other geographical regions. | 2020-03-13 |
| 31986264 | Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. | 2020-03-13 |
| 31992388 | Information on reported cases strongly indicates human-to-human spread, and the most recent information is increasingly indicative of sustained human-to-human transmission. | 2020-02-19 |
| 31995857 | On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. […] Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. […] Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. | 2020-04-01 |
| 31996437 | Third, several other critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Asn501) are compatible with, but not ideal for, binding human ACE2, suggesting that 2019-nCoV has acquired some capacity for human-to-human transmission. | 2020-03-23 |
| 31997390 | On the basis of our results, the star-like signal and topology of 2019-nCoV may be indicative of potentially large “first generation” human-to-human virus transmission. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32004758 | A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) associated with human to human transmission and severe human infection has been recently reported from the city of Wuhan in China. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32007145 | As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visiting Wuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32009128 | Pathogen transmission from a vertebrate animal to a human, also known as zoonotic spillover, represents a global public health burden, which while associated with multiple outbreaks, still remains a poorly understood phenomenon. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32019669 | We estimated the basic reproduction number R0 of 2019-nCoV to be around 2.2 (90% high density interval: 1.4-3.8), indicating the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission. […] Transmission characteristics appear to be of similar magnitude to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and pandemic influenza, indicating a risk of global spread. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32022275 | In this short report, phylogenetic reconstruction was used to better understand the transmission dynamics of the virus from its first introduction in China focusing on the more recent evidence of infection in a couple of Chinese tourists arrived in Italy on 23rd January 2020 and labeled as Coronavirus Italian cases. […] The Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction showed that 2019-2020 nCoV firstly introduced in Wuhan on 25 November 2019, started epidemic transmission reaching many countries worldwide, including Europe and Italy where the two strains isolated dated back 19 January 2020, the same that the Chinese tourists arrived in Italy. […] In conclusion, this report suggests that further spread of 2019-nCoV epidemic was supported by human mobility and that quarantine of suspected or diagnosed cases is useful to prevent further transmission. […] Viral genome phylogenetic analysis represents a useful tool for the evaluation of transmission dynamics and preventive action. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32023682 | According to current observations, 2019-nCoV is weaker than SARS in pathogenesis, but has stronger transmission competence; it’s mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme Ⅱ (ACE2), which is consistent with the receptor SARS-CoV. | 2020-02-05 |
| 32023686 | The novel coronavirus has the characteristics of rapid transmission, atypical clinical symptoms, and easy to affect both lungs, leading to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, as well as difficult to detection and assessment at early stage. | 2020-02-05 |
| 32027035 | To investigate the time origin, genetic diversity, and transmission dynamics of the recent 2019-nCoV outbreak in China and beyond, a total of 32 genomes of virus strains sampled from China, Thailand, and the USA with sampling dates between 24 December 2019 and 23 January 2020 were analyzed. […] Phylogenetic, transmission network, and likelihood-mapping analyses of the genome sequences were performed. […] We identified three phylogenetic clusters using the Bayesian inference framework and three transmission clusters using transmission network analysis, with only one cluster identified by both methods using the above genome sequences of 2019-nCoV strains. […] On the basis of our study, undertaking epidemiological investigations and genomic data surveillance could positively impact public health in terms of guiding prevention efforts to reduce 2019-nCOV transmission in real-time. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32027631 | Cases have also been reported in 26 locations outside of mainland China, including documentation of some person-to-person transmission and one death (2). […] CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States (4,5). […] Although these measures might not prevent the eventual establishment of ongoing, widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare health care systems and the general public to be ready if widespread transmission with substantial associated illness occurs; and 3) better characterize 2019-nCoV infection to guide public health recommendations and the development of medical countermeasures including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. | 2020-02-07 |
| 32027812 | It includes data on Australian cases notified during the week 26 January to 1 February 2020 and in the previous week (19 to 25 January 2020), the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread of the 2019-nCoV infection. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32031570 | Presumed hospital-related transmission was suspected if a cluster of health professionals or hospitalized patients in the same wards became infected and a possible source of infection could be tracked. […] Hospital-associated transmission was suspected as the presumed mechanism of infection for affected health professionals (40 [29%]) and hospitalized patients (17 [12.3%]). […] In this single-center case series of 138 hospitalized patients with confirmed NCIP in Wuhan, China, presumed hospital-related transmission of 2019-nCoV was suspected in 41% of patients, 26% of patients received ICU care, and mortality was 4.3%. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32031583 | Outbreaks in health care workers indicate human-to-human transmission. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32033514 | Infection with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, airborne transmission and direct contact. | 2020-02-08 |
| 32036774 | The zoonotic transmission (animal-to-human) is suspected as the route of disease origin. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32046137 | Sensitivity analyses show that interventions, such as intensive contact tracing followed by quarantine and isolation, can effectively reduce the control reproduction number and transmission risk, with the effect of travel restriction adopted by Wuhan on 2019-nCoV infection in Beijing being almost equivalent to increasing quarantine by a 100 thousand baseline value. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32048560 | We are able to clarify the mechanism of transmission among the countries which have provided the 2019-nCoV sequence isolates from their patients. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32048815 | The early transmission ability of 2019-nCoV is close to or slightly higher than SARS. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32049687 | Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and jeopardized first-line healthcare workers if lack of stringent infection control or no proper personal protective equipment available. | 2020-02-12 |
| 32050080 | It includes data on Australian cases notified during the week ending 19:00 AEDT 8 February 2020, the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread of the COVID-19 infection. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32051071 | Due to immaturity of immune function and the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, neonates are particularly susceptible to 2019-nCoV. | 2020-02-19 |
| 32053579 | Recognizing persons at risk for 2019-nCoV is critical to identifying cases and preventing further transmission. | 2020-02-18 |
| 32054045 | Reanalysis of the epidemic curve from the initial cluster of cases with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in December 2019 indicates substantial human-to-human transmission. […] It is possible that the common exposure history at a seafood market in Wuhan originated from the human-to-human transmission events within the market, and the early, strong emphasis that market exposure indicated animal-to-human transmission was potentially the result of observer bias. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32054124 | Fortunately, there has only been limited human-to-human transmission outside of China. […] Here, we assess the risk of sustained transmission whenever the coronavirus arrives in other countries. […] Data describing the times from symptom onset to hospitalisation for 47 patients infected early in the current outbreak are used to generate an estimate for the probability that an imported case is followed by sustained human-to-human transmission. […] Under the assumptions that the imported case is representative of the patients in China, and that the 2019-nCoV is similarly transmissible to the SARS coronavirus, the probability that an imported case is followed by sustained human-to-human transmission is 0.41 (credible interval [0.27, 0.55]). […] However, if the mean time from symptom onset to hospitalisation can be halved by intense surveillance, then the probability that an imported case leads to sustained transmission is only 0.012 (credible interval [0, 0.099]). | 2020-03-20 |
| 32056407 | As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. […] This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. […] Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32060789 | With high human-to-human transmission rate (R0), 2019-nCoV has quickly spread in China and other countries, resulting in 34,953 confirmed cases and 725 deaths as of 8 February 2020, thus calling for urgent development of therapeutics and prophylactics. | 2020-02-15 |
| 32061199 | Therefore, it is meaningful to established a standardized indication of respiratory support and to prevent related nosocomial transmission in SARI patients. | 2020-02-16 |
| 32064854 | Residents have a high awareness rate of the main symptoms, transmission routes, using of masks, hand washing and treatment information of NCP, while a low awareness rate of the atypical symptoms. | 2020-02-17 |
| 32067043 | It is unclear if the infectivity exists during the incubation period, although a person-to-person transmission has been reported in previous studies. […] The epidemiological evidence has shown a potential transmission of the 2019-nCoV during the incubation period. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32070465 | Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. […] As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32074480 | It includes data on the COVID-19 Australian cases, the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32074719 | However, fecal-oral transmission and aerosol transmission have not been excluded. | 2020-02-19 |
| 32074786 | Tertiary prevention measure must be adopted for all anesthetists with additional face mask or medical goggle protection to prevent respiratory droplet transmission. | 2020-03-12 |
| 32075786 | According to research, none of the infected patients in Zhejiang province were ever exposed to the Huanan seafood market, the original source of the virus; all studied cases were infected by human to human transmission. | 2020-02-28 |
| 32077661 | A lot of respiratory treatments for critically ill patients are deemed as high-risk factors for nosocomial transmission, such as intubation, manual ventilation by resuscitator, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, bronchoscopy examination, suction and patient transportation, etc, due to its high possibility to cause or worsen the spread of the virus. […] As such, we developed this consensus recommendations on all those high-risk treatments, based on the current evidence as well as the resource limitation in some areas, with the aim to reduce the nosocomial transmission and optimize the treatment for the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. | 2020-02-20 |
| 32077664 | Inappropriate protection and disinfection measures are potential risk factors of transmission and outbreak of NCP in key places. | 2020-02-20 |
| 32078069 | With the spread of the new coronavirus accelerating, person-to-person transmission in family homes or hospitals, and intercity spread of 2019-nCoV occurred. […] According to the current status, blocking transmission, isolation, protection, and alternative medication are the urgent management strategies against 2019-nCoV. | 2020-03-06 |
| 32080990 | Coronavirus was confirmed with spherical particle having a fringe reminiscent of crown on transmission electron microscopy. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32081428 | However, since ACE2 is predominantly expressed in intestines, testis, and kidney, fecal-oral and other routes of transmission are also possible. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32081636 | It is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days and a basic reproduction number of 2.24-3.58. | 2020-03-25 |
| 32086938 | Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) website, and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information regarding clinical signs and symptoms, treatment and diagnosis, transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. | 2020-02-22 |
| 32087334 | Intensive research on the novel emerging human infectious coronaviruses is urgently needed to elucidate their route of transmission and pathogenic mechanisms, and to identify potential drug targets, which would promote the development of effective preventive and therapeutic countermeasures. […] Herein, we describe the epidemic and etiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, discuss its essential biological features, including tropism and receptor usage, summarize approaches for disease prevention and treatment, and speculate on the transmission route of 2019-nCoV. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32087820 | Local cycles of transmission have already occurred in 12 countries after case importation. […] Resources, intensified surveillance, and capacity building should be urgently prioritised in countries with moderate risk that might be ill-prepared to detect imported cases and to limit onward transmission. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32088598 | Rigorous surveillance in other countries is required to prevent further global expansion of the outbreak, but resolving the exact mechanism of the initial transmission events is crucial. […] Based on the limited initial human-to-human transmission and timely clustering of cases in Huanan market among elderly men, coupled with knowledge that coronaviruses are derived from animals and relationship of SARS-CoV-2 to bat coronavirus, zoonotic transmission in the first instance is probable. […] The mode of transmission may become clearer in future: usually in outbreak investigations, hindsight is easy, but for now information about the initial source of this outbreak is limited. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32088679 | While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that human-to-human transmission is now prevelant. […] There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? | 2020-03-18 |
| 32091395 | Our work underscores the need for measures to limit transmission by individuals who become ill after being missed by a screening program. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32092296 | Implementation of a robust plan in the radiology department is required to prevent further transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32093211 | Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. | 2020-03-22 |
| 32098289 | Forecasts from each of the models suggest the outbreaks may be nearing extinction in both Guangdong and Zhejiang; however, the sub-epidemic model predictions also include the potential for further sustained transmission, particularly in Zhejiang. […] In the best-case scenario, current data suggest that transmission in both provinces is slowing down. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32098302 | Inter-human transmission was reported in a few countries, including the United States. | 2020-02-26 |
| 32099934 | With the spreading of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, the reproduction number has been found to vary, reflecting the dynamics of transmission of the coronavirus outbreak as well as the case reporting rate. […] Due to significant variations in the control strategies, which have been changing over time, and thanks to the introduction of detection technologies that have been rapidly improved, enabling to shorten the time from infection/symptoms onset to diagnosis, leading to faster confirmation of the new coronavirus cases, our previous estimations on the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV need to be revised. […] By using time-dependent contact and diagnose rates, we refit our previously proposed dynamics transmission model to the data available until January 29th, 2020 and re-estimated the effective daily reproduction ratio that better quantifies the evolution of the interventions. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32100667 | The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of transmission of 2019-nCoV through human passenger air flight from four major cities of China (Wuhan, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou) to the passengers’ destination countries. […] We estimated a risk index of 2019-nCoV transmission based on the number of travellers to destination countries, weighted by the number of confirmed cases of the departed city reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). […] Outside China, countries with a higher risk of 2019-nCoV transmission are Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Canada and the USA, all of which reported at least one case. […] In Africa and South America, the risk of transmission is very low with Ethiopia, South Africa, Egypt, Mauritius and Brazil showing a similar risk of transmission compared to the risk of any of the countries where at least one case is detected. […] The risk of transmission on 31 January 2020 was very high in neighbouring Asian countries, followed by Europe (UK, France, Russia and Germany), Oceania (Australia) and North America (USA and Canada). | 2020-03-19 |
| 32100877 | SARS-CoV-2 is spreading among the public and causing substantial burden due to its human-to-human transmission. | 2020-03-11 |
| 32104911 | We performed phylogenetic, split network, transmission network, likelihood-mapping, and comparative analyses of the genomes. | 2020-03-11 |
| 32104917 | There is an urgent need for an accurate and rapid test method to quickly identify a large number of infected patients and asymptomatic carriers to prevent virus transmission and assure timely treatment of patients. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32105680 | All but 2 pregnancies were cesarean deliveries and no evidence of in utero transmission was seen. […] No evidence of in utero transmission was seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome or Middle East respiratory syndrome. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32106216 | This report summarizes the aggressive measures (2,3) that CDC, state and local health departments, multiple other federal agencies, and other partners are implementing to slow and try to contain transmission of COVID-19 in the United States. […] These measures require the identification of cases and contacts of persons with COVID-19 in the United States and the recommended assessment, monitoring, and care of travelers arriving from areas with substantial COVID-19 transmission. […] Although these measures might not prevent widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare state and local health departments, health care systems, businesses, educational organizations, and the general public in the event that widespread transmission occurs; and 3) better characterize COVID-19 to guide public health recommendations and the development and deployment of medical countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. | 2020-03-02 |
| 32107119 | Therefore, there is still a theoretical risk of transmission of coronaviruses through the transfusion of labile blood products. […] In this review, we detail current evidence and understanding of the transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 through blood products as of February 10, 2020, and also discuss pathogen inactivation methods on coronaviruses. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32108495 | The virus is rapidly spreading with human-to-human transmission despite imposed precautions. | 2020-02-28 |
| 32110742 | While early cases of the disease were linked to a wet market, human-to-human transmission has driven the rapid spread of the virus throughout China. […] Our findings suggest that the containment strategies implemented in China are successfully reducing transmission and that the epidemic growth has slowed in recent days. | 2020-03-02 |
| 32111262 | In this study, we developed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network model for simulating the potential transmission from the infection source (probably be bats) to the human infection. […] Since the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir network was hard to explore clearly and public concerns were focusing on the transmission from Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market (reservoir) to people, we simplified the model as Reservoir-People (RP) transmission network model. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32112082 | These patients may play important roles in human-to-human transmission in the community. | 2020-02-29 |
| 32112886 | The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32113198 | Objectives: Fitting and forecasting the trend of COVID-19 epidemics. Methods: Based on SEIR dynamic model, considering the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, infection spectrum and prevention and control procedures, we developed SEIR(+ CAQ) dynamic model to fit the frequencies of laboratory confirmed cases obtained from the government official websites. | 2020-03-01 |
| 32113704 | Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments. […] Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. […] Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and elderly people. […] In this review, we highlights the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32114744 | Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of 2019-nCoV infection in pregnancy, and to evaluate intrauterine vertical transmission potential of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods: The placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection which were received in the Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology collected by February 4th, 2020 and retrospectively studied. […] Currently no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is found in the three women infected by 2019-nCoV in their late pregnancy. 目的： 探讨新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染孕妇的临床特点及胎盘病理学变化，并评估有无宫内垂直传播的可能。 | 2020-03-02 |
| 32119825 | Here we use a mathematical model to assess if isolation and contact tracing are able to control onwards transmission from imported cases of COVID-19. […] We developed a stochastic transmission model, parameterised to the COVID-19 outbreak. […] We considered scenarios that varied in the number of initial cases, the basic reproduction number (R0), the delay from symptom onset to isolation, the probability that contacts were traced, the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. […] We assumed isolation prevented all further transmission in the model. […] Outbreaks were deemed controlled if transmission ended within 12 weeks or before 5000 cases in total. […] Simulated outbreaks starting with five initial cases, an R0 of 1·5, and 0% transmission before symptom onset could be controlled even with low contact tracing probability; however, the probability of controlling an outbreak decreased with the number of initial cases, when R0 was 2·5 or 3·5 and with more transmission before symptom onset. […] For R0 values of 2·5 or 3·5, if there were 40 initial cases, contact tracing and isolation were only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset. […] The probability of control decreases with long delays from symptom onset to isolation, fewer cases ascertained by contact tracing, and increasing transmission before symptoms. […] This model can be modified to reflect updated transmission characteristics and more specific definitions of outbreak control to assess the potential success of local response efforts. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32119961 | Human to human transmission is confirmed for COVID-19 by China a month ago. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32124000 | Second, for environmental control, to reduce droplet transmission of COVID-19, installation of protective shields on slit lamps, frequent disinfection of equipment, and provision of eye protection to staff were implemented. […] In order to minimise transmission of COVID-19, ophthalmologists should work closely with local infection control teams to implement infection control measures that are appropriate for their own clinical settings. | 2020-03-03 |
| 32125129 | Routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are diversified and the main routes of transmission for COVID-19 are droplet transmission and close contact transmission. | 2020-03-03 |
| 32125269 | The mode of community and intrafamily transmission is threatening residents in Shenzhen. | 2020-03-03 |
| 32125362 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has spread globally with sustained human-to-human transmission outside China. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32127123 | Most cases and sustained transmission occurred in China, but travel-associated cases have been reported in other countries, including Europe and Italy. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32127517 | The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV included direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. 2019-nCoV can also be transmitted through the saliva, and the fetal-oral routes may also be a potential person-to-person transmission route. […] Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. […] Here we recommend the infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32129580 | Pulmonary function testing procedures have been associated with an increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission among patients/subjects and medical staffs. | 2020-03-04 |
| 32129581 | In the early stage of the outbreak of COVID-19, it is of great practical significance to analyze the transmission risk of the epidemic and evaluate the effectiveness and timeliness of prevention and control strategies by using mathematical models and combining with a small amount of real-time updated multi-source data. […] On the basis of our previous research, we systematically introduce how to establish the transmission dynamic models in line with current Chinese prevention and control strategies step by step, according to the different epidemic stages and the improvement of the data. […] By summarized our modelling and assessing ideas, the model formulations vary from autonomous to non-autonomous dynamic systems, the risk assessment index changes from the basic regeneration number to the effective regeneration number, and the epidemic development and assessment evolve from the early SEIHR transmission model-based dynamics to the recent dynamics which are mainly associated with the variation of the isolated and suspected population sizes. | 2020-03-04 |
| 32129843 | However, very few intra-host variants were observed in the population as polymorphism, implying either a bottleneck or purifying selection involved in the transmission of the virus, or a consequence of the limited diversity represented in the current polymorphism data. […] Although current evidence did not support the transmission of intra-host variants in a person-to-person spread, the risk should not be overlooked. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32131906 | Hospital-associated transmission is an important route of spreading the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection and pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) [1]. | 2020-03-05 |
| 32131908 | None of these was infected, and nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not observed. […] Appropriate hospital infection control measures was able to prevent nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32133152 | In the second assumption, R t was assumed to gradually decrease at different phases from high level of transmission (R t = 3.1, 2.6, and 1.9) to below 1 (R t = 0.9 or 0.5) owing to increasingly implemented public health intervention. | 2020-03-08 |
| 32133830 | Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases reported in Baodi district of Tianjin as of 18 February, 2020, which might be associated with the exposure in a local department store, and provide suggestions for prevention and control strategy development. Methods: The basic characteristics, time and area distributions, clinical manifestations, epidemiological history and transmission mode of the COVID-19 cases associated with the department store exposure were analyzed. Results: A total of 40 COVID-19 cases were associated with the department store exposure, accounting for 75.47% of the total confirmed cases (53 cases) reported in Baodi district. | 2020-03-05 |
| 32133831 | Objective: To understand the possible transmission route of a family cluster of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou and the potential infectivity of COVID-19 in incubation period, and provide scientific evidence for the timely control of infectious source and curb the spread of the epidemic. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was conducted for a family cluster of COVID-19 (8 cases) with descriptive epidemiological method, and respiratory tract samples of the cases were collected for the nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV by RT-PCR. Results: Two primary cases, which occurred on 31 January and 1 February, 2020, respectively, had a common exposure history in Wuhan. | 2020-03-05 |
| 32134116 | Nosocomial transmission was another severe problem. | 2020-03-31 |
| 32134381 | This case suggests that mother-to-child transmission is unlikely for this virus. | 2020-03-05 |
| 32134861 | Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of stringent infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment available, it may jeopardize the first-line healthcare workers. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32134909 | Person-to-person transmission has been widely documented, and a limited number of countries have reported sustained person-to-person spread. […] The aims of these efforts were to ensure rapid evaluation and care of patients, limit further transmission, and better understand risk factors for transmission. | 2020-03-09 |
| 32138488 | There are significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, investigation tools and management. […] The varying transmission patterns, namely, nosocomial transmission and spread through mildly symptomatic cases is an area of concern. | 2020-03-10 |
| 32141058 | Due to the current lack of specific treatment and the risk of transmission during the viral incubation period, infection prevention and control of 2019-nCoV are both urgent and critical to global health. | 2020-03-11 |
| 32141279 | Patients in incubation period and healthy carriers are possible sources for transmission. […] The research evidence is very lacking so far, although there are a few studies suggesting that presymptomatic or asymptomatic carrier may cause COVID-19 transmission. […] There is an urgent need to screen infected carriers in larger close contacts or in the general population, and assess their risk for transmission. | 2020-03-06 |
| 32141619 | Our research presents selected available cases of COVID-19 in China to better understand the transmission and diagnosis regarding this infectious disease. | 2020-03-12 |
| 32142651 | Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32143990 | Extreme quarantine measures, including sealing off large cities, closing borders and confining people to their homes, were instituted in January 2020 to prevent spread of the virus, but by that time much of the damage had been done, as human-human transmission became evident. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32144116 | Motivated by the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. […] Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from Mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community. | 2020-03-07 |
| 32144890 | Another animal to human transmission of a coronavirus occurred in December 2019 on a live animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan causing an epidemic in China, reaching now different continents. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32145185 | Large outbreaks of human-to-human transmission have occurred, the largest in Riyadh and Jeddah in 2014 and in South Korea in 2015. […] This Seminar provides an update on the current knowledge and perspectives on MERS epidemiology, virology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, management, infection control, development of new therapeutics and vaccines, and highlights unanswered questions and priorities for research, improved management, and prevention. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32145466 | This suggests that a substantial proportion of secondary transmission may occur prior to illness onset. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32145768 | By interrupting all human-to-human transmission, SARS was effectively eradicated. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32146245 | Since the middle of December 2019, human-to-human transmission of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has occurred among close contacts. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32146445 | The month of February, however, has been dominated by two large clusters of outbreaks in Northern Italy, south of Milan, with mainly local transmission the source of infections. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32146554 | While most of the initial cases were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, person-to-person transmission has been verified. […] Given that a vaccine cannot be developed and deployed for at least a year, preventing further transmission relies upon standard principles of containment, two of which are the isolation of known cases and the quarantine of persons believed at high risk of exposure. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32146694 | Previous studies have showed clinical characteristics of patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the evidence of person-to-person transmission. […] This study aims to present the clinical characteristics of 24 cases with asymptomatic infection screened from close contacts and to show the transmission potential of asymptomatic COVID-19 virus carriers. […] Through epidemiological investigation, we observed a typical asymptomatic transmission to the cohabiting family members, which even caused severe COVID-19 pneumonia. | 2020-03-08 |
| 32147731 | No healthcare-associated transmission occurred. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32149037 | Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. […] The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. […] Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32149043 | In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient’s route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32149484 | Routes of transmission include respiratory droplets (from case 1 transmitted to case 6, from case 1 to her family members) and closecontact (from case 1 to other cases in her family). | 2020-03-09 |
| 32151335 | This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection. […] Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. […] Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32152361 | We present several distinct features of MERS transmission by employing a comprehensive approach in network research to examine both the traced relationship matrix of infected individuals and their bipartite transmission routes among healthcare facilities visited for treatment. […] The results indicate that a few super-spreaders were more likely to hold certain structural advantages by linking to an exceptional number of other individuals, causing several ongoing transmission events in neighbourhoods without the aid of any intermediary. […] Thus, the infectious contact network exhibited small-world dynamics characterised by locally clustered contacts exposed to transmission paths via short path lengths. […] In addition, nosocomial infection analysis shows the pattern of a common-source outbreak followed by secondary person-to-person transmission of the disease. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32154135 | However, vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is yet to be confirmed. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32154287 | Due to the immature immune system and the possibility of vertical transmission from mother to infant, neonates have become a high-risk group susceptible to 2019-nCoV, which emphasize a close cooperation from both perinatal and neonatal pediatrics. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32156101 | Our newly developed protocol should be helpful for a first-hand screening of the asymptomatic virus-carriers for further prevention of transmission and early intervention and treatment for the rapidly propagating virus. | 2020-03-11 |
| 32156332 | Two months after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the possibility of established and widespread community transmission in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) is becoming more likely. […] The EU/EEA is moving towards the ‘limited sustained transmission’ phase. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32156607 | Identification, isolation and caring for patients early are essential to limit human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32161092 | The source of origin, transmission to humans and mechanisms associated with the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 are not clear yet, however, its resemblance with SARS-CoV and several other bat coronaviruses was recently confirmed through genome sequencing related studies. | 2020-03-12 |
| 32161941 | However, whether the case is a vertical transmission from mother to child remains to be confirmed. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32162212 | In addition, infection prevention measures need to be implemented to reduce in-hospital transmission. […] These containment measures are necessary to optimize the quality of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to reduce the risk of viral transmission to other patients or healthcare workers. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32163030 | To determine possible modes of virus transmission, we investigated a cluster of COVID-19 cases associated with a shopping mall in Wenzhou, China. […] Data indicated that indirect transmission of the causative virus occurred, perhaps resulting from virus contamination of common objects, virus aerosolization in a confined space, or spread from asymptomatic infected persons. | 2020-03-12 |
| 32164053 | A COVID-19 transmission model (SEIHR) was established to suit the Korean outbreak. […] When the transmission period decreases from 4-day to 2-day, the outbreak ends early, but the peak of the epidemic increases, and the total number of patients does not change greatly. […] It was found that, if transmission rate decreases, the outbreak ends early, and the size of the peak and the total number of patients also decreases. […] To end the COVID-19 epidemic, efforts to reduce the spread of the virus, such as social distancing and wearing masks, are absolutely crucial with the participation of the public, along with the policy of reducing the transmission period by finding and isolating patients as quickly as possible through the efforts of the quarantine authorities. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32164079 | The novel coronavirus has the characteristics of rapid transmission, atypical clinical symptoms, and easy to affect both lungs, leading to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, as well as difficult to detection and assessment at early stage. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32164086 | Therefore, it is meaningful to established a standardized indication of respiratory support and to prevent related nosocomial transmission in SARI patients. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32164088 | Infection with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, airborne transmission and direct contact. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32164400 | Local transmission caused 74.81% of the cases. […] The median of the incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.50 days, the average generation interval was 5 days, and the household secondary transmission rate was 20.46%. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32165283 | However, the events surrounding the latest threat to global health, the PHEIC COVID-19, may be sufficient to highlight the role of mass gatherings, mass migration, and other forms of dense gatherings of people on the emergence, sustenance, and transmission of novel pathogens. […] As the most systematically studied MG-related respiratory disease data come from KSA, the cancellation of Umrah by the KSA authorities, prior to emergence of cases, provide the best opportunity to develop mathematical models to quantify event cancellations related mitigation of COVID-19 transmission in KSA and to the home countries of pilgrims. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32165854 | However, the recent report on asymptomatic contact transmission of COVID-19 and travelers who passed the symptoms-based screening and tested positive for COVID-19 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) challenges this approach as body temperature screening may miss travelers incubating the disease or travelers concealing fever during travel. | 2020-03-28 |
| 32166600 | It is highly communicable through human-to-human transmission. […] China has been making unprecedented efforts in treating the confirmed cases, identifying and isolating their close contacts and suspected cases to control the source of infection and cut the route of transmission. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32167146 | Despite multiple importations resulting in local chains of transmission, Singapore has been able to control the COVID-19 outbreak without major disruption to daily living. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32168465 | As a result of adequate interventions, transmission of the COVID-19 virus in Gansu Province is decreasing. | 2020-03-13 |
| 32169119 | Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32171059 | Understanding the early transmission dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas. […] Combining a mathematical model of severe SARS-CoV-2 transmission with four datasets from within and outside Wuhan, we estimated how transmission in Wuhan varied between December, 2019, and February, 2020. […] We used these estimates to assess the potential for sustained human-to-human transmission to occur in locations outside Wuhan if cases were introduced. […] We combined a stochastic transmission model with data on cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and international cases that originated in Wuhan to estimate how transmission had varied over time during January, 2020, and February, 2020. […] To estimate the early dynamics of transmission in Wuhan, we fitted a stochastic transmission dynamic model to multiple publicly available datasets on cases in Wuhan and internationally exported cases from Wuhan. […] Based on our estimates of Rt, assuming SARS-like variation, we calculated that in locations with similar transmission potential to Wuhan in early January, once there are at least four independently introduced cases, there is a more than 50% chance the infection will establish within that population. […] Our results show that COVID-19 transmission probably declined in Wuhan during late January, 2020, coinciding with the introduction of travel control measures. […] As more cases arrive in international locations with similar transmission potential to Wuhan before these control measures, it is likely many chains of transmission will fail to establish initially, but might lead to new outbreaks eventually. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32171189 | Based on the clinical observation, the possibility of aerosol transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus has aroused much attention. […] This article focuses on the feature of aerosol transmission and the pathogens involved in. […] We analyze the possibility of aerosol transmission of the novel coronavirus. | 2020-03-15 |
| 32171622 | Though, major health authorities are still working on understanding the virus and its transmission, here we present a brief report regarding the 2019-nCoV outbreak and what is known so far. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32173241 | In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32174057 | Recently, some global cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia have been caused by second- or third-generation transmission of the viral infection, resulting in no traceable epidemiological history. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32174096 | Objective: To explore the management strategies for patients with gynecological malignant tumors during the outbreak and transmission of COVID19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment, and disease outcomes of three patients with gynecological malignancies associated with COVID19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in January 2020, and proposed management strategies for patients with gynecological tumors under risk of COVID19. Results: Three patients were treated COVID19 based on the national diagnosis and treatment protocol as well as research progress. | 2020-03-16 |
| 32176808 | Variation in transmission and migration rates can result in substantial variation in prevalence between regions. […] Seasonal forcing on SARS-CoV-2 should thus be taken into account in the further monitoring of the global transmission. […] The likely aggregated effect of seasonal variation, infection control measures, and transmission rate variation is a prolonged pandemic wave with lower prevalence at any given time, thereby providing a window of opportunity for better preparation of health care systems. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32178768 | Person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred between two people with prolonged, unprotected exposure while Patient 1 was symptomatic. […] Despite active symptom monitoring and testing of symptomatic and some asymptomatic contacts, no further transmission was detected. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32178970 | Analysis of host-specific slow codon and di-codon compositions provides links between viral genomic sequences and capability of virus replication in host cells that may be useful for surveillance of the transmission potential of novel viruses. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32179150 | In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged from China causing pneumonia outbreaks, first in the Wuhan region of China and then spread worldwide because of its probable high transmission efficiency. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32179660 | To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. […] Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence of human-to-human transmission. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32179701 | Per person, the transmission rate of undocumented infections was 55% of documented infections ([46%-62%]), yet, due to their greater numbers, undocumented infections were the infection source for 79% of documented cases. | 2020-03-27 |
| 32180292 | In 25 babies, no cases of vertical transmission were reported; 15 were reported as being tested with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after delivery. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32180426 | Previous epidemics of many emerging viral infections have typically resulted in poor obstetrical outcomes including maternal morbidity and mortality, maternal-fetal transmission of the virus, and perinatal infections and death. […] Importantly, and similar to pregnancies with SARS and MERS, there were no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mothers with COVID-19 to their fetuses. […] At this point in the global pandemic of COVID-19 infection there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes intrauterine or transplacental transmission from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32181807 | In this sample 40 (43.96%) patients had contracted the diseases from local cases, 31 (34.07%) patients had been to Wuhan/Hubei, 8 (8.79%) cases had contacted with people from Wuhan, 11 (12.09%) cases were confirmed aircraft transmission. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32182347 | This report provided evidence of low risk of intrauterine infection by vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-03-17 |
| 32183901 | Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines have been discussed as ways to reduce transmission. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32185669 | Infection control inside the CT suites is also important to prevent hospital-related transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32185921 | If the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases as well as the investigation and response of the epidemic foci are not carried out timely, it may endanger patients’lives and cause the possible of secondary transmission, which threatens the achievements of malaria elimination in China. […] Due to the extensive spread and high transmission ability of the COVID-19, there is a possibility of virus infections among malaria cases during the medical care-seeking behaviors and among healthcare professionals during clinical diagnosis and treatment, sample collection and testing and epidemiological surveys. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32187007 | Although we still have limited information on the epidemiology of this virus, there have been multiple reports of superspreading events (SSEs), which are associated with both explosive growth early in an outbreak and sustained transmission in later stages. […] Better understanding transmission dynamics associated with SSEs, identifying and mitigating high-risk settings, strict adherence to healthcare infection prevention and control measures, and timely implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions can help prevent and control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, as well as future infectious disease outbreaks. | 2020-03-18 |
| 32187887 | The virus is highly infectious and pathogenic, causing human-to-human transmission. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32187929 | According to current observations, 2019-nCoV is weaker than SARS in pathogenesis, but has stronger transmission competence; it’s mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme Ⅱ (ACE2), which is consistent with the receptor SARS-CoV. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32188819 | To assess the effectiveness of response strategies of avoiding large gatherings or crowded areas and to predict the spread of COVID-19 infections in Japan, we developed a stochastic transmission model by extending the Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) epidemiological model with an additional modeling of the individual action on whether to stay away from the crowded areas. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32190290 | Here we highlight nine most important research questions concerning virus transmission, asymptomatic and presymptomatic virus shedding, diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, origin of virus and viral pathogenesis. | 2020-03-22 |
| 32190785 | Using mathematical modeling and time-series incidence data describing the trajectory of the outbreak among passengers and crew members, we characterize how the transmission potential varied over the course of the outbreak. […] Our estimate of the mean reproduction number in the confined setting reached values as high as ~11, which is higher than mean estimates reported from community-level transmission dynamics in China and Singapore (approximate range: 1.1-7). | 2020-03-22 |
| 32191173 | The mean interval was 3.96 days (95% CI 3.53-4.39 days), SD 4.75 days (95% CI 4.46-5.07 days); 12.6% of case reports indicated presymptomatic transmission. | 2020-03-19 |
| 32191676 | More research into these molecules and methods would be worthwhile as it could provide insights the mechanism of transmission of SARS-COV-2 and, into how they could become a basis for new antiviral strategies. | 2020-03-24 |
| 32192295 | However, fecal-oral transmission and aerosol transmission have not been excluded. | 2020-03-23 |
| 32192580 | We gathered epidemiological and clinical data from individuals with confirmed COVID-19, via interviews and inpatient medical records, and we did field investigations to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] As of Feb 15, 2020, 36 cases of COVID-19 were linked epidemiologically to the first three clusters of circumscribed local transmission in Singapore. 425 close contacts were quarantined. […] Direct or prolonged close contact was reported among affected individuals, although indirect transmission (eg, via fomites and shared food) could not be excluded. […] The serial interval between transmission pairs ranged between 3 days and 8 days. […] Enhanced surveillance and contact tracing is essential to minimise the risk of widespread transmission in the community. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32194239 | We report a familial cluster of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to evidence that a potential transmission of the COVID-19 during the incubation period. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32195704 | Because the main route of transmission is via respiratory droplets and close contact, anesthesia providers are at a high risk when responding to the devastating mass emergency. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32195887 | The human-to-human transmission of the virus may explain the infection of the disease outside of Wuhan. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32196410 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32196426 | Studies have revealed the effect of temperature and humidity on respiratory virus stability and transmission rates. | 2020-03-20 |
| 32196655 | Currently, there is no clear evidence regarding optimal delivery timing, the safety of vaginal delivery, or whether cesarean delivery prevents vertical transmission at the time of delivery; therefore, route of delivery and delivery timing should be individualized based on obstetrical indications and maternal-fetal status. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32198088 | Our results indicate an early sustained transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea and support the implementation of social distancing measures to rapidly control the outbreak. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32198190 | The World Health Organization has classified this pandemic as a global health emergency due to its virulent nature of transmission, which may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. | 2020-03-21 |
| 32198501 | False negative results can be achieved and failure to quarantine the infected patient would be a major setback in containing the viral transmission. | 2020-03-21 |
| 32198708 | Armed with experience from previous epidemics in the last two decades, clinicians, scientists, officials, and citizens in China are all contributing to the prevention of further 2019-nCoV transmission. | 2020-03-21 |
| 32199943 | However, direct transmission of the virus from bats to humans is unlikely due to lack of direct contact, implying the existence of unknown intermediate hosts. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32199996 | There are no cases of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission, but cases of newborns infected early suggest that there could be vertical perpartum or neonatal transmission. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32200634 | As the infection of 2019-nCoV coronavirus is quickly developing into a global pneumonia epidemic, the careful analysis of its transmission and cellular mechanisms is sorely needed. […] In particular, the alignments of the spike surface glycoprotein receptor binding domain revealed four times more variations in the bat coronavirus RaTG13 than in the Manis coronavirus compared with 2019-nCoV, suggesting the pangolin as a missing link in the transmission of 2019-nCoV from bats to human. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32201335 | Finally, the provision of cardiovascular care may place health care workers in a position of vulnerability as they become host or vectors of virus transmission. | 2020-03-23 |
| 32202261 | :Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised urgent questions about containment and mitigation, particularly in countries where the virus has not yet established human-to-human transmission. […] The objectives of this study were to find out if it was possible to prevent, or delay, the local outbreaks of COVID-19 through restrictions on travel from abroad and if the virus has already established in-country transmission, to what extent would its impact be mitigated through quarantine of symptomatic patients? […] " :These questions were addressed in the context of India, using simple mathematical models of infectious disease transmission. […] Once the virus establishes transmission within the community, quarantine of symptomatics may have a meaningful impact on disease burden. | 2020-03-23 |
| 32202343 | Newborn infants have developed symptomatic COVID-19, but evidence of vertical intrauterine transmission was scarce. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32202489 | The purpose of our analysis is to show how travellers may introduce COVID-19 into the Pacific islands and discuss the role robust health systems play in protecting health and reducing transmission risk. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32202911 | Furthermore, viral transmission may occur in asymptomatic individuals. […] However, as of this moment no information has been reported on the possibility of viral transmission, even to professionals, via this route. | 2020-03-23 |
| 32203711 | ECMO preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic is important in view of the high transmission rate of the virus and respiratory-related mortality. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32205090 | We argue that enhanced Traffic Control Bundling (eTCB) can interrupt the community-hospital-community transmission cycle, thereby limiting COVID-19’s impact. […] TCB’s success derived from ensuring that Health Care Workers (HCWs) and patients were protected from fomite, contact and droplet transmission within hospitals. […] Evidencing eTCB effectiveness is Taiwan’s success to date in containing and controlling the community-hospital-community transmission cycle. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32205232 | The effect of LH on virion morphology was visualized under transmission electron microscope. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32205269 | Early recognition of COVID-19 is critical to isolate confirmed cases and prevent further transmission. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32207679 | Our model can be adjusted to account for exportation of cases from other locations as the virus spreads and more information on importations and transmission becomes available. […] Early detection and appropriate control measures can reduce the risk for transmission in all locations. | 2020-03-24 |
| 32207910 | This overview analyzes the best information from the early research, including epidemiologic and demographic features from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viruses; lessons learned from the experience of an emergency physician in Northern Italy, where the outbreak has devastated the healthcare system; evidence on transmission and prevention through safe use of PPE; evidence and advice on SARS-CoV-2 testing and co-infection; management options; airway management options; steps for rapid sequence intubation in the ED and managing disaster ventilation; and information on managing pediatric and pregnant patients. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32208917 | COVID-19 in children is mainly caused by family transmission, and their symptoms are mild and prognosis is better than adult. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32209164 | Data concerning the transmission of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32210236 | Epidemiological studies have indicated human-to-human transmission in China and elsewhere. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32210421 | Due to the nature of their profession, health care personnel (HCP) have always been easy targets for transmission of communicable diseases like COVID-19. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32210742 | The aim of this study was to determine the mutation(s) in the sequence of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that might be favoring human to human transmission. | 2020-03-28 |
| 32211911 | Despite Singapore’s efforts, sustained community transmission of the virus has continued. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32212059 | Measures taken in China are currently proven to reduce human-to-human transmission successfully. | 2020-03-26 |
| 32212103 | In particular, by minimizing the many aerosol-generating procedures performed during general anesthesia, anesthesiologists can reduce exposure to patients’ respiratory secretions and the risk of perioperative viral transmission to healthcare workers and other patients. […] Regional anesthesia has benefits of preservation of respiratory function, avoidance of aerosolization and hence viral transmission. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32213269 | To prevent the transmission of COVID-19, the close contacts of the patients should be transferred to an assigned observation place in time for single room isolation. | 2020-03-27 |
| 32213270 | Close contact in family was one of the main causes for the spread of household transmission of the virus. | 2020-03-27 |
| 32213332 | We adapted an influenza epidemic simulation model to estimate the likelihood of human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a simulated Singaporean population. […] Using this model, we estimated the cumulative number of SARS-CoV-2 infections at 80 days, after detection of 100 cases of community transmission, under three infectivity scenarios (basic reproduction number [R0] of 1·5, 2·0, or 2·5) and assuming 7·5% of infections are asymptomatic. […] Implementing the combined intervention of quarantining infected individuals and their family members, workplace distancing, and school closure once community transmission has been detected could substantially reduce the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. […] We therefore recommend immediate deployment of this strategy if local secondary transmission is confirmed within Singapore. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32213647 | We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. […] Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases were still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. | 2020-03-27 |
| 32213786 | There are also unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32214086 | Cruise ships bring diverse populations into proximity for many days, facilitating transmission of respiratory illness (2). […] Widespread COVID-19 transmission on cruise ships has been reported as well (3). […] Transmission occurred across multiple voyages of several ships. | 2020-03-30 |
| 32215622 | Virus challenge, contact transmission, and passive immunoprophylaxis were performed. […] Besides satisfying the Koch’s postulates, this readily available hamster model is an important tool for studying transmission, pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-03-27 |
| 32215956 | This has important implications to the disease management, transmission, and infection control. | 2020-03-27 |
| 32217113 | To date, the outcomes of 55 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and 46 neonates have been reported in the literature, with no definite evidence of vertical transmission. […] Here we present a review of COVID-19 in pregnancy, bringing together the various factors integral to the understanding of pathophysiology and susceptibility, diagnostic challenges with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, therapeutic controversies, intrauterine transmission and maternal-fetal complications. | 2020-03-28 |
| 32217947 | Confirmed modes of viral transmission are primarily but not exclusively contact with contaminated environmental surfaces and aerosolization. […] (5) Provide data feedback by surveillance of ESKAPE transmission. […] These 8 programmatic recommendations stand on a substantial body of empirical evidence characterizing the epidemiology of perioperative transmission and infection development made possible by support from the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF). | 2020-03-29 |
| 32218527 | The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of novel coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission. | 2020-03-28 |
| 32219625 | In the absence of effective treatments for the virus, it becomes extremely urgent to develop scientific and standardized proposals for prevention and control of virus transmission. | 2020-03-28 |
| 32219626 | This article focused on the issues of greatest concern of pregnant women including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnostic criteria, inspection precautions, drug treatment options, indications and methods of termination of pregnancy, postpartum fever, breastfeeding considerations, mode of mother-to-child transmission, neonatal isolation and advice on neonatal nursing, to provide valuable experience for better management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns. | 2020-03-28 |
| 32219674 | These technologies help reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and maintain normal social order. | 2020-03-30 |
| 32219814 | Patients with central nervous system involvement may show a series of neurological symptoms, which is easy to be misdiagnosed and neglected, thereby increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32219845 | As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. | 2020-03-31 |
| 32220177 | This review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and pandemic H1N1 virus. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32220275 | We still face great challenges in control of the epidemic: uncertain initial source of infection, infected populations widely scattered, complex routs of transmission, populations generally susceptible, high contagiousness of the virus, and finally vaccines unlikely available in the near future. | 2020-03-29 |
| 32220650 | The route of transmission was by close contact with family members (32 [89%]) or a history of exposure to the epidemic area (12 [33%]); eight (22%) patients had both exposures. 19 (53%) patients had moderate clinical type with pneumonia; 17 (47%) had mild clinical type and either were asymptomatic (ten [28%]) or had acute upper respiratory symptoms (seven [19%]). | 2020-04-16 |
| 32220655 | We fitted the latest estimates of epidemic parameters from a transmission model to data on local and internationally exported cases from Wuhan in an age-structured epidemic framework and investigated the age distribution of cases. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32222988 | To report on the gastrointestinal manifestations and pathological findings of patients with COVID-19, and to discuss the possibility of faecal transmission. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32222992 | Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially for children cases. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32222995 | Our work contributes to global information about transmission dynamics and the importance to take control measures to stop the spread of the infection. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32223490 | Many countries declared a state of emergency and lockdown to contain the exponential transmission of the disease. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32223774 | Their ability to amplify the spread of disease can rapidly fuel transmission of the disease and often those failures in infection prevention and general hospital practices contribute to such events. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32224133 | On March 16th, 2020, 54 cases have been confirmed (36 imported and 18 associated), therefore, Colombia is at highest alert, and it is now trying to avoid or minimize the last stage of “community transmission”. […] In the route have been considered three possible entrances depending on the needs of the users: anti-flu drugs, symptoms related to COVID-19 infection or the request for items for hygiene and prevention of transmission such as alcohol and face masks. […] Community pharmacies and pharmacy staff play a crucial role in minimizing the stage of “community transmission” of COVID-19, through properly detection and management of possible cases and customer education. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32224151 | 8 (28.6%) patients were suspected to be from hospital-associated transmission. | 2020-03-31 |
| 32224986 | It has been suggested that this disease can spread through human-to-human transmission or by super spreading. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32225175 | The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in hACE2 recognition shed light on potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32226285 | In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32226286 | In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32226291 | Nevertheless, the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 has emerged to mount a serious challenge to the mental health service in China. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32227197 | This is the first known community transmission case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States, with significant public health implications. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32227758 | Community transmission of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) was detected in the state of Washington in February 2020. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32228808 | Taiwan effectively delayed and contained community transmission by leveraging experience from the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, prevalent public awareness, a robust public health network, support from healthcare industries, cross-departmental collaborations, and advanced information technology capacity. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32228809 | Our study confirms asymptomatic and human-to-human transmission through close contacts in familial and hospital settings. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32228825 | To avoid the aggravation of CoV-19 infection, and the collapse of the health system, individuals should remain at home in quarantine for a period of approximately one month in order to limit viral transmission. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32229157 | In-house isolation or quarantine of suspected cases to keep hospital admissions manageable and prevent in-hospital spread of the virus, and promoting general awareness about transmission routes are the practical strategies used to tackle the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32229433 | This makes it imperative to develop and set guidelines in place to limit transmission and utilize resources in an optimal fashion. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32229706 | Therefore, we wish to speculate that the fight against COVID-19 disease should involve testing the hypothesis that senolytics and other anti-aging drugs may have a prominent role in preventing the transmission of the virus, as well as aid in its treatment. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32231348 | The emergency that the world faces today demands that we develop urgent and effective measures to protect people at high risk of transmission. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32232217 | The outbreak of the new Coronavirus in China in December 2019 and subsequently in various countries around the world has raised concerns about the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from mother to fetus. […] In this narrative review, were searched for all articles published in various databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science using MeSH-compliant keywords including COVID-19, Pregnancy, Vertical transmission, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV from December 2019 to March 18, 2020 and reviewed them. […] All type of articles published about COVID-19 and vertical transmission in pregnancy were included. […] There has been no report of vertical transmission in pregnancy, and it has been found that clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women are not different from those of non-pregnant women. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32232433 | Understanding ocular manifestations of patients with COVID-19 by ophthalmologists and others may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of transmission of the disease. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32232652 | In this study, we analyzed clinical and transmission features of 25 cases of Covid-19 from a single thoracic department, including 13 patients and 12 health care staff. […] A potential “super spreader” may be the source of the transmission before the implementation of quarantine and comprehensive protection. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32232915 | Whilst this appears to be a pragmatic approach to reducing risk of transmission, there will be an unmet cost to those patients who are high-risk and are already on the cancer referral pathway. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32233034 | Though primarily a respiratory tract infection transmitted by direct contact and droplets, during aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) there is a possibility of airborne transmission. | 2020-04-01 |
| 32233064 | Little is known about the transmission of COVID-19, but it has shown a rapid spread. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32233562 | Our model describes the multiple transmission pathways in the infection dynamics, and emphasizes the role of the environmental reservoir in the transmission and spread of this disease. […] Our model also employs non-constant transmission rates which change with the epidemiological status and environmental conditions and which reflect the impact of the on-going disease control measures. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32233563 | In this study, we investigate the effect of delay in diagnosis on the disease transmission with a new formulated dynamic model. […] Sensitivity analyses and numerical simulations reveal that, improving the proportion of timely diagnosis and shortening the waiting time for diagnosis can not eliminate COVID-19 but can effectively decrease the basic reproduction number, significantly reduce the transmission risk, and effectively prevent the endemic of COVID-19, e.g., shorten the peak time and reduce the peak value of new confirmed cases and new infection, decrease the cumulative number of confirmed cases and total infection. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32234115 | To rapidly assess possible community transmission in Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands, healthcare workers (HCW) with mild respiratory complaints and without epidemiological link (contact with confirmed case or visited areas with active circulation) were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-04-10 |
| 32234117 | Sustained coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission is ongoing in Italy, with 7,375 reported cases and 366 deaths by 8 March 2020. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32234128 | Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of 5 confirmed COVID⁃19 cases related with the transmission in incubation period of initial case, and find out the infection source and transmission chain.. Methods: According to “The Prevention and Control Protocol for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Third Edition)” issued by the National Health Commission, a field epidemiological survey was conducted for the 5 cases in January 2020. […] Multi prevention and control measures were taken, such as tracking and screening close contacts, medical isolation observation, investigating the epidemiological link, analyzing transmission chain. Results: Case 1, who had common environmental exposure with other COVID⁃19 cases, got sick on 20 January, 2020 and was confirmed on 1 February. […] It is the key point for epidemiological investigation. Conclusion: The epidemiological investigation indicates that the transmission might occur in the incubation period of COVID-19 case, close attention should be paid to it in future COVID-19 prevention and control. 目的： 对上海市一起由新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID⁃19）病例在潜伏期传染的聚集性疫情开展流行病学调查，查明感染来源和病例传播链。 | 2020-04-02 |
| 32234250 | For anaesthesiologists exposed to patients with COVID-19 by providing spinal anaesthesia, the level of personal protective equipment (PPE) used, clinical outcomes (pulmonary CT scans), and confirmed COVID-19 transmission rates (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were reviewed. […] Level 3 PPE appears to reduce the risk of transmission to anaesthetists who are exposed to mildly symptomatic surgical patients. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32234343 | As a global pandemic is inevitable, real-time monitoring of transmission is vital for containing the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32234451 | The gastrointestinal route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which has been also assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs to be further investigated. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32234468 | Human-to-human transmission via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces has been described, with incubation times of 2-14 days. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32234805 | Preventing further transmission is a priority. […] We analyzed key parameters of epidemic spread to estimate the contribution of different transmission routes and determine requirements for case isolation and contact-tracing needed to stop the epidemic. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32235085 | Recently, however, evidence of inter-human only transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been accumulated and thus, the outbreak seems to be spreading by human-to-human transmission throughout a large part of the world. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32235945 | However, there are reports of COVID-19 cases with mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, suggesting the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32236594 | Covid‑19 origin and transmission to humans. […] Although to date it is considered that Covid‑19 originates from bats (96.2% overall genome sequence identity) (1), the type of intermediate animals that caused the transmission to humans remains unknown (2-4). […] Zhou et al (1) mentioned that ‘Direct contact with intermediate host animals or consumption of wild animals was suspected to be the main route of SARS‑CoV‑2 transmission. […] However, the source(s) and transmission routine(s) of SARS‑CoV‑2 remain elusive’ (1). | 2020-04-03 |
| 32237160 | The epidemic has progressed through the local outbreak stage and community transmission stage due to exposure at Wuhan’s Huanan wholesale seafood market and is now in the stage of large-scale transmission due to the spread of the epidemic. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32237901 | The transmission of COVID-19 is influenced by the host-related factors that are known to be associated with immune dysregulation. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32238084 | There are a few published cases of COVID-19 occurring during pregnancy and due the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, there is a concern that the fetuses may be at risk of congenital COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus of infected mothers by using data of published articles or official websites up to March 4, 2020. Results: A total of 31 infected pregnant mothers with COVID-19 were reported. […] Two mothers died from COVID-19-related respiratory complications after delivery. Conclusions: Currently, based on limited data, there is no evidence for intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32238336 | In this context, telemedicine, particularly video consultations, has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32238612 | Strict adherence to infection control like personal protective equipment and disinfection is the key to contain the disease transmission. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32238613 | Hydrophobic viral filter in the ventilator circuit minimizes chances of transmission of virus. […] At the same time, prevention of transmission of the virus to healthcare workers is extremely important in the intensive care setting dealing with severe cases and requiring procedures generating aerosol. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32238615 | Perinatal period poses unique challenges and care of the mother-baby dyads requires special resources for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. […] To provide recommendations for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32238673 | Mobile field hospitals have played a huge role in the centralized management of patients and they have effectively reduced transmission. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32239127 | A total of 34 patients (33.3%) were exposed to source of transmission in the hospital setting (as health care workers, patients, or visitors) and 10 patients (9.8%) had a familial cluster. […] Our data support those described by others that COVID-19 infection results from human-to-human transmission, including familial clustering of cases, and nosocomial transmission. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32240078 | The airflow direction was consistent with droplet transmission. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32240079 | Analysis indicated virus transmission from a traveler from China. […] One asymptomatic patient demonstrated virus shedding, indicating potential virus transmission in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32240094 | Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32240128 | The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing cycle threshold (Ct) values indicated large quantities of viral RNA in asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic residents, suggesting the potential for transmission regardless of symptoms. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32240285 | This report demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause mild illness and result in positive tests for up to 18 days after diagnosis, without evidence of transmission to close contacts. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32240756 | Telemedicine has emerged as a critical technology to bring medical care to patients while attempting to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among patients, families, and clinicians. | 2020-04-02 |
| 32240973 | Contact tracing using smartphone technology is a powerful tool that may be employed to limit disease transmission during an epidemic or pandemic; yet, contact tracing apps present significant privacy concerns regarding the collection of personal data such as location. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32241097 | Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic examinations may be required in COVID-19 patients, resulting in direct contact with the patient and a risk of infection transmission from patients to personnel. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32241325 | To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32241328 | Attention to COVID-19 was limited prior to China openly acknowledging human-to-human transmission on January 20. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32241761 | Sexually transmitted diseases and bloodborne infections increased significantly, particularly from 2011 to 2017, among which HIV/AIDS increased fivefold, particularly in males. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32241897 | Risk of transmission may occur during endoscopy and the goal is to prevent infection among healthcare professionals while providing essential services to patients. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32241899 | GI tract may be a potential transmission route and target organ of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32242349 | The transmission parameters were estimated from the laboratory confirmed data reported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from February 16 to March 22. […] The model was extended with estimated parameters and estimated the expected number of confirmed cases as the transmission rate increased after school opening. […] Assuming the transmission rate between children group would be increasing 10 fold after the schools open, approximately additional 60 cases are expected to occur from March 2 to March 9, and approximately additional 100 children cases are expected from March 9 to March 23. […] After March 23, although the possibility of massive transmission in the children’s age group is lower, group transmission is possible to occur. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32243068 | We recognize that this guidance might be subject to change in the future when further knowledge will be acquired about the COVID-19 pandemic, the perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical characteristics of cases of neonatal COVID-19. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243269 | Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the stool of infected patients, implicating the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243296 | Global health care now faces unprecedented challenges with widespread and rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and high morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 worldwide. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32243317 | Emergency medical systems and specifically the emergency departments as the front line of the health systems are suffering from overload and severe working conditions, the risk of contagion and transmission of the health professionals adds a substantial burden to their daily work. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243599 | To explore the effectiveness of the quarantine of the Wuhan city against this epidemic, transmission dynamics of COVID-19 have been estimated. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243607 | However, the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 has not been fully understood. […] Our results demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces of COVID-19 patients, and suggested the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via the fecal-oral route. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243668 | The newly identified zoonotic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission. | 2020-04-05 |
| 32243677 | Italy has been one of the first countries dealing with the outbreak of COVID-19 and severe measures have been adopted to limit viral transmission. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243678 | International experience with COVID-19 suggests it poses a significant risk of infectious transmission to skull base surgeons, due to high nasal viral titers and the unknown potential for aerosol generation during endonasal instrumentation. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32243690 | Unlike SARS and MERS, where secondary transmission mostly occurred in hospital settings, COVID-19 transmission occurs in large numbers within families. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32244041 | The coronavirus (CoV) family consists of viruses that infects a variety of animals including humans with various levels of respiratory and fecal-oral transmission levels depending on the behavior of the viruses’ natural hosts and optimal viral fitness. […] A model to classify and predict the levels of respective respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials of the various viruses was built before the outbreak of MERS-CoV using AI and empirically-based molecular tools to predict the disorder level of proteins. […] Using the percentages of intrinsic disorder (PID) of the nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins of CoV, the model easily clustered the viruses into three groups with the SARS-CoV (M PID = 8%, N PID = 50%) falling into Category B, in which viruses have intermediate levels of both respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials. […] Later, MERS-CoV (M PID = 9%, N PID = 44%) was found to be in Category C, which consists of viruses with lower respiratory transmission potential but with higher fecal-oral transmission capabilities. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32244059 | In particular, the high transmission rate of the virus has made it a threat to public health globally. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32244166 | In pregnant women with COVID-19, there is no evidence for vertical transmission of the virus, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries has been noticed. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32244260 | The epidemic pattern in Shaanxi had gradually shifted from imported case pattern to local case pattern, and the transmission of local cases was mainly based on family cluster transmission. […] The confirmed cases from different sources had caused the secondary transmission in Shaanxi. | 2020-04-03 |
| 32244841 | The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading with a rising death toll and transmission rate reported in high income countries rather than in low income countries. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32245814 | In the wake of community coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in the United States, there is a growing public health concern regarding the adequacy of resources to treat infected cases. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32246136 | They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32246838 | The first person-to-person transmission of the 2019-novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID-19 outbreaks outside Asia. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32246849 | COVID-19 is predominantly caused by contact or droplet transmission attributed to relatively large respiratory particles which are subject to gravitational forces and travel only approximately one metre from the patient. […] Airborne transmission may occur if patient respiratory activity or medical procedures generate respiratory aerosols. […] Contact, droplet and airborne transmission are each relevant during airway manoeuvres in infected patients, particularly during tracheal intubation. […] Appropriate use significantly reduces risk of viral transmission. […] Personal protective equipment should logically be matched to the potential mode of viral transmission occurring during patient care - contact, droplet, or airborne. | 2020-04-04 |
| 32247326 | Understanding the evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the outbreak beyond Hubei would provide timely information to guide intervention policy. […] The epidemic dynamics in provinces outside Hubei were highly variable but consistently included a mixture of case importations and local transmission. […] Our estimates of the incubation period and serial interval were similar, suggesting an early peak of infectiousness, with possible transmission before the onset of symptoms. […] Our results also indicate that, as the epidemic progressed, infectious individuals were isolated more quickly, thus shortening the window of transmission in the community. […] Overall, our findings indicate that strict containment measures, movement restrictions, and increased awareness of the population might have contributed to interrupt local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 outside Hubei province. | 2020-04-05 |
| 32247826 | One previous study reported a family cluster with asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19. […] Here, we report another series of cases and further demonstrate the repeatability of the transmission of COVID-19 by pre-symptomatic carriers. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32247931 | Since the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in December, Chinese government has implemented various measures including travel bans, centralized treatments, and home quarantines to slowing the transmission across the country. […] Home quarantine has been effective in preventing the early transmission of COVID-19, but that more needs to be done to improve early detection of COVID-19 infection. | 2020-04-05 |
| 32248146 | The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has airborne transmission via droplets. […] The rate of transmission is quite high, higher than common influenza. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32248966 | The SARS-CoV-2 virus is most likely of zoonotic origin, but has been shown to have effective human-to-human transmission. […] Given the novel nature of COVID-19, no established treatment beyond supportive care exists currently, but extensive public-health measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented globally to curb the spread of disease, reduce the burden on healthcare systems, and protect vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with underlying medical comorbidities. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32249471 | The neonatal swabs, cord blood, and placental swab RT-PCR tests were negative for SARS-CoV-2, a finding consistent with the published literature suggesting no vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32249956 | Where variations in the viral spike protein, in turn, lead to the cross-species transmission of the virus, genetic variations in the host receptor ACE2 may also contribute to the susceptibility and/or resistance against the viral infection. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32250283 | This study measures the distance between dwellings in informal settlements in Cape Town to identify the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32250958 | As part of the response plans for the current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), authorities are drafting and implementing containment measures across jurisdictions worldwide in the effort to slow down transmission and reduce the infection rate. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32250959 | The questionnaire was comprised of a series of questions about dentists’ demographic characteristics; their awareness of the incubation period, the symptoms of the disease, mode of transmission of COVID-19 and infection control measures for preventing COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19. […] The majority of dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways of identifying patients at risk of having COVID-19, were able to correctly report known modes of transmission, and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in dental clinics. […] A total of 275 (74.7%) believed that it was necessary to ask patients to sit far from each other, wear masks while in the waiting room, and wash hands before getting in the dental chair to decrease disease transmission. […] Jordanian dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, and infection controls and measures in dental clinics. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32250961 | Disease statistics; treatments, vaccines and medicines; prevention and protection methods; dietary recommendations and disease transmission ways are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation regarding novel coronavirus outbreak. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32251790 | To prevent further outbreak of COVID-19, this article discusses the current understanding of COVID-19 and compares with the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in 2003 of Hong Kong from the causes, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and preventions to study for an applicable measurement to control COVID-19. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32251796 | After 14 days of isolation, asymptomatic infection may still carry the virus, which means the risk of transmission and present a new challenge to home isolation. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32251842 | Although with a low incidence, diarrhea was observed in patients with COVID-19, indicating the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. | 2020-04-06 |
| 32252141 | The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32252979 | In these situations, special measures need to be adopted in order to minimize the possibility of transmission between patients, exposure of healthcare personnel and the development of postoperative complications. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32253172 | This involvement may have important implications to the disease management, transmission, and prognosis, especially in patients with pre-existing hepatic or digestive co-morbidities. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32255183 | Besides, we found confirmed cases in 19 familial clusters and 21 health care workers, supporting inter-human transmission. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32255413 | The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32255507 | In this review, we discuss the transmission, symptomatology, mortality, and possible treatments for this infection, as they relate to older adults. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32255510 | In all patients, and their immediate close contacts, the importance of preventative measures to minimise human-to-human transmission cannot be over emphasized. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32255761 | We further show that active surveillance, contact tracing, quarantine, and early strong social distancing efforts are needed to stop transmission of the virus. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32257173 | From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32257174 | The epidemic situation of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan was effectively controlled after the closure of the city, and the disease transmission index also decreased significantly. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32257771 | To determine the probability of particular public health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32259130 | Accordingly, our narrative review appraised epidemiological and clinical aspects of the disease including genetic diversity of coronavirus genus, mode of transmission, incubation period, infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, immunogenicity, diagnosis, surveillance, clinical case management and also successful measures for preventing its spread in some communities. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32259155 | Urgent gynaecological and cancer procedures are continuing, and it is imperative all theatre staff are protected and risks of SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission reduced when operating on asymptomatic, suspected or confirmed COVID 19 patients. […] In particular, there are concerns relating to the transmission of COVID 19 during gynaecological laparoscopic surgery, arising from the potential generation of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated aerosols from CO2 leakage and the creation of smoke from the use of energy devices. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32259197 | CHIME does not incorporate more transition states to model infection severity, social networks to model transmission dynamics, or geographic information to account for spatial patterns of human interaction. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32259279 | Data on clinical manifestations, maternal and perinatal outcomes including vertical transmission were extracted and analyzed. […] Vertical transmission of the COVID-19 could not be ruled out. | 2020-04-07 |
| 32259477 | We report a ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission that recapitulates aspects of human disease. […] Furthermore, a few naive indirect contact ferrets were positive for viral RNA, suggesting airborne transmission. […] Thus, ferrets represent an infection and transmission animal model of COVID-19 that may facilitate development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32259546 | Hong Kong started to prepare for COVID-19 on 31st December 2019 and infection control measures in public hospitals were tightened to limit nosocomial transmission within healthcare facilities. […] However, the recommendations on the transmission-based precautions required for COVID-19 in hospital settings vary from droplet and contact precautions, to contact and airborne precautions with placement of patients in airborne infection isolation rooms. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32260155 | Nanostructured TiO2 is a promising candidate for the passive reduction of transmission when applied to handles, push-plates and switches in hospitals. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32264957 | Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32265005 | The level of transmission reduction required for physical distancing interventions to mitigate the epidemic is a crucial question. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32265315 | With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), corporate entities, federal, state, county, and city governments, universities, school districts, places of worship, prisons, health care facilities, assisted living organizations, daycares, homeowners, and other building owners and occupants have an opportunity to reduce the potential for transmission through built environment (BE)-mediated pathways. […] Over the last decade, substantial research into the presence, abundance, diversity, function, and transmission of microbes in the BE has taken place and revealed common pathogen exchange pathways and mechanisms. […] In this paper, we synthesize this microbiology of the BE research and the known information about SARS-CoV-2 to provide actionable and achievable guidance to BE decision makers, building operators, and all indoor occupants attempting to minimize infectious disease transmission through environmentally mediated pathways. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32265365 | With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32265517 | We re-analysed 640 throat swabs collected from patients in Wuhan with influenza-like-illness from 6 October 2019 to 21 January 2020 and found that 9 of the 640 throat swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by quantitative PCR, suggesting community transmission of SARS-CoV2 in Wuhan in early January 2020. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32267047 | The virus is spread through droplet transmission and currently has a mortality rate of over 4% globally. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32267098 | While the respiratory mode of transmission is well-known and likely the principal mode of transmission of this disease, the possibility of the fecal-oral route of transmission has also emerged in various case series and clinical scenario. […] In this review article, we summarized the published literatures to date concerning four different aspects: (a) gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 infection; (b) microbiologic and virological investigations; (c) the role of fecal-oral transmission; and (d) prevention/control infection in the digestive endoscopy room. […] A timely understanding of the relationship between the disease and the digestive system and implementing effective preventive measures are of great significance for a favorable outcome of the disease and can help mitigate further transmission by appropriate measures. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32267109 | The starting point of the epidemic is the city of Wuhan (China), where the virus is said to have been transmitted from animals to humans before inter-human transmission. […] The key strategy to SARS-CoV-2 is to limit its transmission. […] Le point de départ de l’épidémie est la ville de Wuhan (Chine), où le virus aurait été transmis de l’animal à l’homme préalablement à la transmission inter-humaine. […] L’élément clé face au SARS-CoV-2 est de limiter sa transmission. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32267243 | As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, an increasing number of countries and territories are adopting restrictive measures based on physical (“social”) distancing, aimed at preventing human-to-human transmission and thereby limiting virus propagation. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32267544 | We conducted a rapid review to assess the effects of quarantine (alone or in combination with other measures) of individuals who had contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19, who travelled from countries with a declared outbreak, or who live in regions with high transmission of the disease. […] We rated the certainty of evidence for the four primary outcomes: incidence, onward transmission, mortality, and resource use. […] When the models combined quarantine with other prevention and control measures, including school closures, travel restrictions and social distancing, the models demonstrated a larger effect on the reduction of new cases, transmissions and deaths than individual measures alone (incident cases: 4 modelling studies on COVID-19; onward transmission: 2 modelling studies on COVID-19; mortality: 2 modelling studies on COVID-19; low-certainty evidence). | 2020-04-13 |
| 32267678 | We hope researchers in the physical sciences and engineering will proactively study these challenges, develop new hypotheses, define new research areas, and work with biological researchers, healthcare, and public health professionals to create user-centered solutions and to inform the general public, so that we can better address the many challenges associated with the transmission and spread of infectious respiratory diseases. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32267963 | Although most initial cases occurred in China, the disease, termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a pandemic and continues to spread rapidly with human-to-human transmission in many countries. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32267964 | SARS-CoV-2 is easily transmissible as each person with COVID-19 infects approximately 2.2 close contacts, and asymptomatic transmission has been reported [2,3]. […] Therefore, we believe non-clinical areas are potentially high-risk for transmission between healthcare workers, and often neglected by infection prevention and control protocols. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32268019 | Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32268195 | A novel coronavirus emerged in China in December 2019, and human-to-human transmission was previously identified. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32268381 | There is some disagreement among expert organizations on an optimal approach based on resource availability, surge volume, and potential risk of transmission. […] More evidence and research are needed to assess the risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. […] · The risk of vertical transmission is unclear; transmission from family members/providers to neonates is possible.. […] · Optimal personal-protective-equipment (airborne vs. droplet/contact precautions) for providers is crucial to prevent transmission.. | 2020-04-08 |
| 32268634 | Inappropriate protection and disinfection measures are potential risk factors of transmission and outbreak of COVID-19 in key places. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32268640 | The purpose of the guideline is to eliminate various pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, effectively block the virus transmission pathways, and guide medical organizations to carry out the prevention and control of COVID-19. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32268643 | Residents had higher awareness rate of cough (99.5%,n=3 997) and fever (96.0%, n=3 857) symptoms, the transmission by droplets (99.5%, n=3 995), aerosol transmission (81.1%, n=3 258), and contact transmission (92.3%, n=3 708), but lower awareness of symptoms os muscle pain or fatigue (62.7%, n=2 518). | 2020-04-10 |
| 32268644 | At present, reports showed that the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, other vertical transmission routes have yet to be confirmed. […] This review discusses the possible transmission routes of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), based on currently research, the main transmission routes are respiratory droplets and indirect contact, fecal-oral might bepossible, while aerosol, tear (conjunctival) and mother-to-fetus still have yet to be confirmed, providing a reference basis for 2019-nCoV prevention and control and public protection. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32269018 | We used an age-structured compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission in the population of Ontario, Canada. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32269087 | Little is known about features, outcomes and intrauterine transmission potential in newborn babies aged 28 days or less. […] Intrauterine vertical transmission is possible but direct evidence is still lacking. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32269597 | This letter is an attempt to suggest practicable interventions such as the use of existing digital health platforms to limit patients’ and oncology professionals’ physical interactions as a way of reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection transmission amongst cancer patients and oncologists, as well as outlining effective strategies to ensure that cancer care is not completely disrupted during the outbreak. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32270184 | Although SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share a number of common clinical manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 appears to be highly efficient in person-to-person transmission and frequently cause asymptomatic infections. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32270371 | The interhuman transmission of coronaviruses mainly occurs through saliva droplets and direct and indirect contact via surfaces. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32271070 | Given the rapid acceleration of transmission, and the lack of preparedness to prevent and treat this virus, the negative impacts of COVID-19 are rippling through every facet of society. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32271208 | There was transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members (20.8%), to colleagues (4.2%), to patients (4.2%), and to friends (4.2%). | 2020-04-09 |
| 32271457 | The masks can be used to block respiratory transmission from human to human, and are an effective way to control influenza. […] Although the outbreak originated in China, person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, which means that it can be spread to anywhere in the world if prevention measures fail. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32271461 | In the absence of vaccination, productive masks can be worn to prevent transmission of airborne pathogenic aerosols and control diseases. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32271597 | By estimating the three parameters of time-dependent transmission rate, time-dependent recovery rate, and timedependent death rate from Covid-19 outbreak in China, and using the number of Covid-19 infections in Iran, we predicted the number of patients for the next month in Iran. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32271601 | The transmission of COVID-19 is potent and the infection rate is fast. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32271722 | Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), might pose challenges for disease control. […] Clinical and epidemiologic findings of all COVID-19 cases in Singapore through March 16 were reviewed to determine whether presymptomatic transmission might have occurred. […] Presymptomatic transmission was defined as the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected person (source patient) to a secondary patient before the source patient developed symptoms, as ascertained by exposure and symptom onset dates, with no evidence that the secondary patient had been exposed to anyone else with COVID-19. […] Seven COVID-19 epidemiologic clusters in which presymptomatic transmission likely occurred were identified, and 10 such cases within these clusters accounted for 6.4% of the 157 locally acquired cases. […] In the four clusters for which the date of exposure could be determined, presymptomatic transmission occurred 1-3 days before symptom onset in the presymptomatic source patient. […] To account for the possibility of presymptomatic transmission, officials developing contact tracing protocols should strongly consider including a period before symptom onset. […] Evidence of presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the critical role social distancing, including avoidance of congregate settings, plays in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32271724 | On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19). […] This sentinel surveillance system helped confirm community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Clara County. […] As a result of these data and an increasing number of cases with no known source of transmission, the county initiated a series of community mitigation strategies. […] Detection of community transmission is critical for informing response activities, including testing criteria, quarantine guidance, investigation protocols, and community mitigation measures (2). | 2020-04-10 |
| 32271726 | Adherence to CDC guidance to prevent COVID-19 transmission in senior independent and assisted living communities (4) could be instrumental in preventing a facility outbreak. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32271728 | Social distancing and everyday preventive behaviors remain important for all age groups as patients with less serious illness and those without symptoms likely play an important role in disease transmission (6,7). | 2020-04-10 |
| 32271947 | To review the available information on mode of delivery, vertical/peripartum transmission, and neonatal outcome in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. […] The rate of vertical or peripartum transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low, if any, for cesarean delivery; no data are available for vaginal delivery. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32272080 | Streamlining of workflows for rapid diagnosis and isolation, clinical management, and infection prevention will matter not only to patients with COVID-19, but also to health-care workers and other patients who are at risk from nosocomial transmission. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32272089 | However, there are no data on the relative contribution of school closures to transmission control. | 2020-04-09 |
| 32272522 | Of six systematic reviews, four found no reduction in the probability of transmission. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32273156 | Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32273490 | Clinical features of COVID-19 in children include fever and cough, but a large proportion of infected children appears to be asymptomatic and may contribute to transmission. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32275072 | Findings from our case indicate that there is no intrauterine transmission in this woman who develops COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32275082 | The conjunctival mucosa is directly exposed to infectious droplets expelled by patients during close contact and fomites when the eye is touched by contaminated hands.2, 3 More over, the mucosa of the conjunctiva and upper respiratory tract is connected by nasolacrimal duct, and share the same entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), on host cell membranes.2, 3 Hence, it is reasonable to postulate that the conjunctiva may be easily involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may even act as a route of transmission during SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32275257 | Radiological and serological methods are the most preferred among the other methods and the radiological method is the most preferred one which can diagnose the infection quickly and accurately with fewer false-negatives, that can be effective in protecting the patient’s life by initiating treatment and preventing the transmission of infection to other people. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32275260 | Human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol infected surfaces are the major ways of transmitting this virus. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32275288 | During the epidemic period of COVID-19, when seeing patients with neurologic manifestations, clinicians should suspect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection as a differential diagnosis to avoid delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis and lose the chance to treat and prevent further transmission. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32275295 | The effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 (an indicator of secondary transmission) was also calculated over the periods. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32275978 | The spread of COVID-19 has been heterogeneous, resulting in some regions having sporadic transmission and relatively few hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and others having community transmission that has led to overwhelming numbers of severe cases. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32276139 | Studies show clear person-to-person transmission. […] The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a long incubation period, and extra transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32276282 | During that time, labor and delivery personnel is in close contact to patients, who are exerting extreme effort during and frequently blow out their breath, cough, shout, and vomit, all of which put the health care team at risk, considering that COVID-19 transmission occurs through aerosol generated by coughing and sneezing. | 2020-04-10 |
| 32276755 | However, multiple cases of COVID-19 transmission in radiology department have been reported. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32277021 | The pervasiveness of air travel and high rate of transmission has caused this pandemic to spread swiftly throughout the world. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32277162 | From scant data: vertical transmission from maternal infection during the third trimester probably does not occur or likely it occurs very rarely. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32277203 | The role of dental professionals in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is critically important. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32277486 | In order to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, healthcare workers in the UK are advised to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2020-04-11 |
| 32277759 | We conducted an investigation to identify secondary cases and interrupt transmission. […] The occurrence in this cluster of one asymptomatic case with similar viral load as a symptomatic patient, suggests transmission potential of asymptomatic individuals. […] The fact that an infected child did not transmit the disease despite close interactions within schools suggests potential different transmission dynamics in children. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32277845 | The possibility of mother-to-fetus transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is currently a highly debated concept in perinatal medicine. […] At present the evidence for intrauterine transmission from mother to fetus or intrapartum transmission from mother to the neonate is sparse. | 2020-04-11 |
| 32278065 | Increasing evidence indicates possible fecal oral transmission, indicating the need for a rapid and effective modification of the screening and diagnostic algorithms. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32278147 | The parameters of the three coronavirus transmission growth models are obtained by nonlinear fitting. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32278168 | Paediatric otolaryngology practice involves examining and operating in anatomical locations with high levels of aerosol generation and transmission of COVID-19 to treating clinicians, especially from the asymptomatic patient populations including children. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32278670 | Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Spain in February 2020, with 216% intensive care unit (ICU) capacity expanded in Vitoria by March 18th, 2020. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32278725 | The decision to proceed with Medically-Necessary, Time-Sensitive (MeNTS) procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic requires incorporation of factors (resource limitations, COVID-19 transmission risk to providers and patients) heretofore not overtly considered by surgeons in the already complicated processes of clinical judgment and shared decision-making. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32278758 | This study indicates possible diminishing virulence of the virus in the process of transmission. […] Yet persistent positive RNA in feces after negative nasopharyngeal swabs suggests a possible prolonged transmission period that challenges current quarantine practices. | 2020-04-12 |
| 32278764 | We searched for articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases till 02 April 2020, with the following keywords: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “infection”, “pathogenesis”, “incubation period”, “transmission”, “clinical features”, “diagnosis”, “treatment”, “diabetes”, with interposition of the Boolean operator “AND”. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32279064 | Prolonged RT PCR positivity in the stool has raised the possibility of feco-oral transmission. | 2020-04-12 |
| 32279309 | Amongst the Spanish public health interventions aimed at reducing the transmission rate, home confinement has been enforced (2). | 2020-04-12 |
| 32279441 | Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and concern for viral transmission by ambulatory patients with minimal to no symptoms underline the importance of identifying early or subclinical symptoms of Covid-19 infection. | 2020-04-12 |
| 32281124 | Transmission is affected by epidemiological risk factors, incubation period, degree of viraemia, and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in blood and organ compartments. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32281231 | Over a 3-month period, our ED aimed to minimise nosocomial transmission by using broader suspect case criteria for better detection and using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers (HCWs) METHODS: All ED admissions with respiratory syndromes over a 3-month period were tested for COVID-19. […] However, there were no cases of nosocomial transmission from intra-ED exposure, despite extensive surveillance. […] Usage of appropriate PPE is essential in minimising nosocomial transmission. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32281368 | Due to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment and their status as the trojan horse of the microbial world, amoebae can provide novel coronavirus a means to susceptible hosts and possible transmission to the central nervous system. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32281391 | Retrospective analysis of 2 cases of health-care-associated COVID-19 transmission in 2 radiology departments and comparing the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 with the practices of our department, where no COVID-19 transmission has occurred. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32281674 | Especially in areas with poor medical care, neglect of indirect transmission can cause more serious consequences. […] Mucosa exposure and inappropriate treatment of medical and non-medical articles used by the patients all could increase the risks of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32281689 | COVID-19 predominately spread by droplet transmission, although recent evidence showed that shedding in feces and feco-oral transmission could also be possible. […] This can increase the risk of contamination and contribute to virus transmission. […] This article focuses on the risk of COVID-19 transmission by GI shedding, the potential role of endoscopes as a vector of this novel virus including transmission during endoscopies and prevention strategies including deferral of elective non-urgent endoscopy procedures. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32283139 | Many infected clusters have been found within familial households, but the data about secondary transmission among household contacts is limited. […] The rate of secondary transmission among household contacts of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 30%. […] Our data provide insight into the rate of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in home. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32283156 | SARS-CoV-2-infection presented strong infectivity during the incubation-period with rapid transmission in this cluster of youngsters outside Wuhan. | 2020-04-13 |
| 32283165 | The infectivity and transmission capacity of COVID-2019 cases during the incubation period are not very clear. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32283268 | In this article, we submit a novel approach for better protection and thus reduced transmission for tracheostomy in a COVID-19 positive patient. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32283283 | At the same time, influenza virus has been active, with influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 sharing the same transmission routes. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32283308 | The major route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is in contention, with the airborne route a likely transmission pathway for carrying the virus within indoor environments. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32283498 | Ample data is available to suggest the differences in etiology, transmission cycle, diagnosis, genetics, hosts, reproductive rates, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and radiological features between SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32283711 | Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicates that Gene Ontology (GO) categories associated with viral reproduction and transmission are highly enriched in ACE2-positive spermatogonia, while male gamete generation related terms are downregulated. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32283878 | Currently, it is commonly reported that COVID-19 patients are associated with conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, and the transmission route or high-risk diseases of ophthalmology and high-risk working status are speculated. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32284276 | The infection has predominantly respiratory transmission and is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces or fomites. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32284613 | Notably, eight children persistently tested positive on rectal swabs even after nasopharyngeal testing was negative, raising the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32285338 | Among surgeons worldwide, a concern with the use of minimally invasive techniques has been raised due to a proposed risk of viral transmission of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) with the creation of pneumoperitoneum. […] Due to this proposed concern, we sought to collect the available data and evaluate the use of laparoscopy and the risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] A literature review of viral transmission in surgery and of the available literature regarding the transmission of the COVID-19 virus was performed. […] Few studies have been performed on viral transmission during surgery, but to date there is no study that demonstrates or can suggest the ability for a virus to be transmitted during surgical treatment whether open or laparoscopic. […] There is no societal consensus on limiting or restricting laparoscopic or robotic surgery; however, there is expert consensus on the modification of standard practices to minimize any risk of transmission. […] Despite very little evidence to support viral transmission through laparoscopic or open approaches, we recommend making modifications to surgical practice such as the use of smoke evacuation and minimizing energy device use among other measures to minimize operative staff exposure to aerosolized particles. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32285380 | No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and no perinatal complications in the third trimester were found in our study. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32286679 | The key is a holistic approach to the patient including, primarily, the use of personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of further virus transmission, as well as patient management, which consists in both quarantine and, in the absence of specific pharmacological therapy, symptomatic treatment. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32286909 | Against the backdrop of nations struggling to contain the virus’s spread and to manage hospital strain, otolaryngologists must partner with anesthesiologists and front-line health care teams to provide expert services in high-risk situations while reducing transmission. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32286910 | The role children and adolescents play in COVID-19 transmission is unclear, and it is possible that healthy pediatric patients serve as a reservoir for the virus. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32288301 | Currently available data demonstrate that personal protective measures (e.g. appropriate use of hand washing and oronasal mask), as well as vaccinations (if available) reduces the risk for transmission of infectious diseases. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32288414 | During the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemiological data is essential for controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32289090 | Due to the complexities of the COVID-19, we investigated the unobserved factors including environmental exposures accounting for the spread of the disease through human-to-human transmission. […] Yet, the role of such a medium that facilitates the transmission of COVID-19 remains unclear. […] We highlight safety precaution and preventive measures to circumvent the human-to-human transmission. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32289868 | Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a considerable risk during emergency colorectal surgery in a pandemic epicenter. […] It is well known that the primary route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is through respiratory droplets. […] Given the significant concern of airborne transmission, the authors recommend conventional, in lieu of laparoscopic, access in emergency colorectal surgery in a COVID-19 pandemic epicenter. | 2020-04-14 |
| 32290445 | Migration may be the primary reason for the long-distance transmission of the disease. […] If similar scenarios occur in the cities of Wenzhou, Guangzhou, Dongguan, or Shenzhen, the disease transmission will be wider. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32291278 | It is urgent to understand the future of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. […] We used estimates of seasonality, immunity, and cross-immunity for betacoronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 from time series data from the USA to inform a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292213 | The origin of SARS-CoV‑2 lies in the bat coronavirus pool and has now emerged in the human population due to interspecies transmission. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292252 | When we restart surgical practices across world, we have to bring new protocols and practices in place to combat the transmission. […] This article is based on scientific information about transmission of virus and experiences of some of the authors from China, a country which successfully dealt with and contained the virus outbreak. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292261 | The results show rising trends in the transmission, prevalence and mortality rate due to coronavirus COVID-19. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292300 | These three strains have caused severe disease in humans and global transmission concerns. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292527 | We introduced a statistical disease transmission model using case symptom onset data to estimate the transmissibility of the early-phase outbreak in China, and provided sensitivity analyses with various assumptions of disease natural history of the COVID-19. […] We fitted the transmission model to several publicly available sources of the outbreak data until 11, February 2020, and estimated lock down intervention efficacy of Wuhan city. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292622 | Preventing intra-hospital transmission of the communicable disease is therefore a priority. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292627 | H7N9 viruses quickly spread between mammalian hosts, and it carried out the risk of human-to-human transmission after outbreak in 2013. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292686 | The interhuman transmission of coronaviruses mainly occurs through saliva droplets and direct and indirect contact via surfaces. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292802 | The virus emerged in humans from Wuhan seafood market probably via zoonotic transmission. […] Within a few days the virus spread its tentacles rapidly to neighboring cities in China and to different geographical regions through travelers and to some extent by human to human transmission leading to significant disease burden globally. […] In addition we have also provided information about transmission dynamics, prevention measures and treatment options that are available at the present. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292868 | Based on the official data modeling, this paper studies the transmission process of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292880 | COVID-19 has become a public health emergency due to its rapid transmission. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292898 | Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. […] The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292902 | The perinatal outcomes observed were fetal distress, Apgar score < 7 at five minutes, neonatal asphyxia, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, perinatal death, and evidence of vertical transmission. 19 studies including 79 women were eligible for this systematic review: 41 pregnancies (51.9%) affected by COVID-19, 12 (15.2%) by MERS, and 26 (32.9%) by SARS. […] None of the 41 newborns assessed showed clinical signs of vertical transmission. […] There have been no published cases of clinical evidence of vertical transmission. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292906 | TRPV1 expressing cells are responsible for pain transmission, inflammation and immunomodulation throughout the entire pulmonary system and are modulating the processes associated with localized cytokine release (storm) and overall rapid disease progression. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32292914 | While the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths continue to rise, people around the world are taking brave actions to mitigate transmission and save lives. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32293225 | Policy measures adopted to slow the transmission of disease are decreasing the demand for imaging independent of COVID-19. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32293910 | The continued viral shedding in the asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals enhances its community transmission. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32294270 | Current researches emphasize on understanding of transmission patterns, severity, clinical features, and risk factors for infection, but the data remain limited. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32294574 | Despite this, no countries or authorities consider airborne spread of COVID-19 in their regulations to prevent infections transmission indoors. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32294617 | This special feature reviews strategies on how to mitigate transmission of COVID-19 in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease for patients with cancer without infection, for patients with cancer with COVID-19 infection, and for the healthcare workers caring for them, while continuing to provide the best possible cancer care. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32294667 | Considering this, we drew the function of contact-rate reduction required to control the transmission from both detectable and undetectable sources. […] Understanding the dynamics of transmission is essential to support government decisions and improve the community’s adherence to preventive measures. | 2020-04-15 |
| 32294813 | A lot of respiratory treatments for critically ill patients are deemed as high-risk factors for nosocomial transmission, such as intubation, manual ventilation by resuscitator, noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, bronchoscopy examination, suction and patient transportation, etc, due to its high possibility to cause or worsen the spread of the virus. […] As such, we developed this consensus recommendations on all those high-risk treatments, based on the current evidence as well as the resource limitation in some areas, with the aim to reduce the nosocomial transmission and optimize the treatment for the COVID-19 pneumonia patients. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32295323 | Sleep study and non-invasive positive airway pressure (NIPAP) therapy can increase the risk of exposure and transmission of new coronaviruses to medical staff and patients. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32296168 | We report temporal patterns of viral shedding in 94 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and modeled COVID-19 infectiousness profiles from a separate sample of 77 infector-infectee transmission pairs. […] Disease control measures should be adjusted to account for probable substantial presymptomatic transmission. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32296777 | The current global picture shows small chains of transmission in many countries and large chains resulting in extensive spread in a few countries, such as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan. | 2020-04-18 |
| 32296808 | Efforts to improve outcomes should also encompass appropriate infection control measures to reduce co-infections and prevent nosocomial transmission of novel respiratory viruses. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32296884 | In the global pandemic COVID-19, it is important for everyone including nuclear medicine personnel to know how to stop transmission and contain and prevent the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32297593 | A successive sampling design was used to compare coverage of behaviors to mitigate community transmission of COVID-19 in the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos in January 2020 and March 2020. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32297723 | Constant efforts at individual, national, and international level are being made in order to understand the genomics, hosts, modes of transmission and epidemiological link of nCoV-2019. | 2020-04-20 |
| 32298028 | Based on experience and evidence from SARS-CoV-1 and early experience with SARS-CoV-2, we provide our perspective and guidance on mitigating transmission risk during head and neck examination, upper airway endoscopy, and head and neck mucosal surgery including tracheostomy. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32298029 | In this context, in Italy, we reorganized the National Health System and prioritized the clinical cancer care scenario, balancing risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission versus the magnitude of clinical benefit deriving from a specific therapeutic approach. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32298036 | Unique considerations for the head and neck patient are examined including risk to the oncology patient, outcomes following delay in head and neck cancer therapy, and risk of transmission during otolaryngologic surgery. […] Finally, we discuss our preoperative clinical pathway for transmission mitigation including defining low-risk and high-risk surgery for transmission and role of preoperative COVID-19 testing. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32298055 | This review discusses the mechanisms of proliferation and transmission of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses based on the results of existing research, providing basis for future study on interrupting the transmission and pathogenicity of human highly pathogenic coronaviruses. | 2020-04-20 |
| 32298208 | Background: Most secondary transmission of COVID-19 is occurring in a hospital setting. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32298227 | Widely adopted individual precautionary measures, coupled with early government actions, might slow transmission early in the outbreak. | 2020-04-16 |
| 32298246 | Most early reports of person-to-person SARS-CoV-2 transmission have been among household contacts, where the secondary attack rate has been estimated to exceed 10% (1), in health care facilities (2), and in congregate settings (3). […] However, widespread community transmission, as is currently being observed in the United States, requires more expansive transmission events between nonhousehold contacts. […] Patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their close contacts were interviewed to better understand nonhousehold, community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] This report describes the cluster of 16 cases of confirmed or probable COVID-19, including three deaths, likely resulting from transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at two family gatherings (a funeral and a birthday party). […] These data support current CDC social distancing recommendations intended to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32298249 | Among 121 hospital A health care personnel (HCP) who were exposed to the patient, 43 (35.5%) developed symptoms during the 14 days after exposure and were tested for SARS-CoV-2; three had positive test results and were among the first known cases of probable occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to HCP in the United States. […] Little is known about specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in health care settings. […] Because transmission-based precautions were not in use, no HCP wore personal protective equipment (PPE) recommended for COVID-19 patient care during contact with the index patient. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32298250 | Community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in the United States in February 2020. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32298273 | As of April 3, 2020, more than 1,000,000 human infections have been diagnosed around the world, which exhibited apparent person-to-person transmission characteristics of this virus. […] The capacity of vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial recently. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is now confirmed as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and plays essential roles in human infection and transmission. […] And thus, both the vertical transmission and the placenta dysfunction/abortion caused by SARS-CoV-2 need to be further carefully investigated in clinical practice. | 2020-04-22 |
| 32298643 | As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spreads globally, the demand for chest imaging will inevitably rise with an accompanying increase in risk of disease transmission to frontline radiology staff. […] Radiology departments should implement strict infection control measures and robust operational plans to minimize disease transmission and mitigate potential impact of possible staff infection. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32299205 | In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. | 2020-04-22 |
| 32299206 | It transmitted human to human by droplet and contact routes, but some doubt about airborne, fecal or intrauterine transmission also should be removed. | 2020-04-22 |
| 32300018 | Because deaths have been concentrated at older ages, we highlight the important role of demography, particularly, how the age structure of a population may help explain differences in fatality rates across countries and how transmission unfolds. […] This powerful interaction of demography and current age-specific mortality for COVID-19 suggests that social distancing and other policies to slow transmission should consider the age composition of local and national contexts as well as intergenerational interactions. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32300101 | Close contact or short-range transmission of infectious saliva droplets is a primary mode for 2019-nCoV to disseminate as claimed by WHO, while long-distance saliva aerosol transmission is highly environment dependent within indoor space with aerosol-generating procedures such as dental practice. […] This review summarizes diagnostic value of saliva for 2019-nCoV, possibly direct invasion into oral tissues, and close contact transmission of 2019-nCoV by saliva droplets, expecting to contribute to 2019-nCoV epidemic control. | 2020-04-21 |
| 32300673 | A new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human to human transmission and extreme human sickness has been as of late announced from the city of Wuhan in China. | 2020-04-21 |
| 32300968 | Since a novel coronavirus was discovered from a cluster of patients with emerging pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China, it has spread rapidly through droplet and contact transmission. […] KEY POINTS: • The novel coronavirus spreads rapidly through droplet and contact transmission. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32301390 | The exact origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive, but the presence of a distinct motif in the S1/S2 junction region suggests the possible acquisition of cleavage site(s) in the spike protein that promoted cross-species transmission. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32301491 | Several studies of SARS-CoV-2 support aerosol transmission and one study documented virus at a distance of 4 meters (≈13 ft) from the patient. […] Moreover, evidence suggests infections cannot neatly be separated into the dichotomy of droplet versus airborne transmission routes. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32301817 | The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated modifications to pediatric orthopaedic practice to protect patients, families, and healthcare workers and to minimize viral transmission. | 2020-04-18 |
| 32302058 | Rapid and accurate laboratory testing of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for early discovery, early reporting, early quarantine, early treatment, and cutting off epidemic transmission. […] The genome structure, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 are basically similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the other two beta-CoVs of medical importance. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32302216 | During this pandemic, essential medical and surgical services must be carried out while minimizing the risk of disease transmission to health care workers. […] There is an elevated risk of COVID-19 viral transmission to health care workers during surgical procedures of the head and neck due to potential aerosolization of viral particles from the oral cavity/naso-oropharynx mucosa. […] The proximity to the oral cavity/naso-oropharyngeal mucosa, and potential for aerosolization of secretions containing viral particles during surgical procedures make most patients undergoing operative interventions for facial fractures high risk for COVID-19 transmission. […] It stratifies facial trauma procedures by urgency and assigns a recommended level of personal protective equipment, extreme or enhanced, incorporating current best practices and existing data on viral transmission. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32302257 | The virus has a predominantly respiratory transmission through aerosol and droplets. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32302377 | The unprecedented outbreak of 2019-nCoV pneumonia infection in Wuhan City caused global concern, the outflowing population from Wuhan was believed to be a main reason for the rapid and large-scale spread of the disease, so the government implemented a city closure measure to prevent its transmission considering the large amount of travelling before the Chinese New Year. […] Our findings suggest that population movement might be one important trigger for the transmission of 2019-nCoV infection in China, and the policy of city closure is effective to control the epidemic. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32302399 | The COVID-19 epidemic among medical staff in our department was deemed as postoperative rather than intraoperative transmission, and attributed to not applying sufficient personal airway protection. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32302953 | Our findings indicate that intrafamily transmission may be the main form of transmission of COVID-19 in children, and persistent intestinal excretion of virus is another characteristic among children. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32303077 | Vertical transmission has not been confirmed. […] · No clear evidence of vertical transmission exists.. […] · Mother/baby separation avoids transmission.. | 2020-04-17 |
| 32303395 | With the advent of local transmission, the authors share their preparation and response planning for the operating room of the National Heart Centre Singapore, the largest cardiothoracic tertiary center in Singapore. | 2020-04-24 |
| 32303420 | Oral and maxillofacial surgery is correlated with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32303480 | Much of the research has been focused on minimizing transmission in hospitals and in the general community. […] By effectively adapting eTCB to LTCF conditions, particularly by incorporating compartmentalization within zones plus active surveillance, COVID-19 transmission into and throughout LTCFs can be minimized, thereby saving numerous lives among an especially vulnerable population. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32303575 | This illustrates how asymptomatic patients may be responsible for covert viral transmission. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32304371 | This includes not only the strategy of public surveillance, but also sentinel and event-based surveillance, as it is impossible to actually identify all positive cases; b) Mitigating measures against the spread of the epidemic, such as social distancing and hygiene, washing hands, quarantine, restricting movement and using masks, among others; c) Measures to suppress transmission when the number of cases is very high, such as strict measures to stay at home; d) strengthening health services ‘capacity for medical attention and improving health services’ ability to prevent transmission, including the use of diagnostic tests; e) the development of prophylactic vaccines against Covid-19, as well as the development of therapeutic agents. | 2020-04-18 |
| 32304387 | While efforts are underway to contain disease spread and transmission, the authors believe that this is an opportune time to examine and reflect on the impact that medical crises like COVID-19 can have on medical training and education and to evaluate “business continuity plans” to ensure quality medical education even in the face of constant disruptions from pandemic outbreaks. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32304508 | Personal protective equipment was essential to prevent transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32304509 | Vertical transmission from the mother to her fetus or neonate has not been proven definitively. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32304512 | Although use of personal protective equipment is a critical strategy to protect health care personnel from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), other strategies also need to be implemented on labor and delivery units to reduce the risk of health care-associated transmission, including screening of all pregnant women who present for care (case identification), placing a mask on and rapidly isolating ill pregnant women, and minimizing the number of personnel who enter the room of an ill patient (physical distancing). […] Although the mechanism of transmission of COVID-19 is not known with certainty, current evidence suggests that COVID-19 is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets. […] Therefore, strict adherence to hand hygiene and consistent use of recommended personal protective equipment are cornerstones for reducing transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32304561 | The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Endoscopy and Procedures Committee has formulated this statement to offer practical guidance to help standardize endoscopy services for pediatric patients with the aim of minimizing COVID-19 transmission to staff, patients, and caregivers and to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) during this critical time. […] Appropriate use of PPE is essential to minimize transmission and preserve supply. […] Pediatric endoscopic procedures are considered at high risk for COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32304643 | Having an MCI plan in place for a viral outbreak will protect patients and staff and ultimately decrease virus transmission. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32304928 | The studies were identified using large-sized newspapers with international circulation RESULTS: With more cities suspecting community transmission of the novel coronavirus, people who sleep in shelters or hunker down outside already have a lower life expectancy and often have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk if they develop COVID-19 (Global News, 2020). | 2020-05-19 |
| 32304942 | In conclusions, meteorological factors play an independent role in the COVID-19 transmission after controlling population migration. […] Local weather condition with low temperature, mild diurnal temperature range and low humidity likely favor the transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32304970 | Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling this COVID19 pandemic where disease countermeasures rely upon preventing or slowing person-to-person transmission. […] Specifically, there is increasing efforts to prevent or reduce transmission to front-line healthcare workers (HCW). | 2020-05-27 |
| 32305046 | To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported positive PCR in the neonate, raising the concern for vertical transmission. […] · This is a case of positive RT-PCR in first day of life, suggesting possible vertical transmission.. | 2020-04-18 |
| 32305459 | The vertical transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great concern to the obstetrics, neonatologists, and public health agencies. […] Though some studies indicated the risk of vertical transmission is low, few cases have been reported with comprehensive serial tests from multiple specimens. […] The most comprehensively tested case reported to date confirmed that the vertical transmission of COVID is unlikely, but still, more evidence is needed. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32306118 | This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19, including disease transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32306596 | These main measures include the strict implementation of the appointment system and triage system before admission; the conduction of epidemiological and preliminary screening of viral nucleic acids; the chest CT examination during the perioperative period to re-screen COVID-19; the reduction of the risk of droplets and aerosol transmission; the minimally invasive surgery combined with enhanced recovery program in order to reduce patient’s susceptibility and shorten the length of postoperative hospital stay; the reinforcement of specific infection control training for medical staff; the strict implementation of hierarchical protection; the establishment of gastrointestinal surgery prevention and control system; the rehearsal of emergency exercise; the installation of quarantine wards; the screening and management of family care-givers; the strict disinfection of environment and materials. | 2020-04-20 |
| 32306616 | Based on the previous studies and our own research, we summarize the potential transmission route and clinical symptoms of COVID-2019 in the eye, as well as the further prevention and research, with the expectation of contributing to the development in the field of infectious eye disease in China. | 2020-04-20 |
| 32306656 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province in December 2019 and the epidemic so rapidly happened within the whole country and abroad, raising serious problems and urgent concerns, such as: how to control most effectively human-to-human transmission? | 2020-04-21 |
| 32306853 | The previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have led researchers to study the role of diagnostics in impediment of further spread and transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32307115 | The pathogen is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets exposure and contact transfer, causing mild symptoms in the majority of cases, but critical illness, bilateral viral pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a minority. […] The pace of transmission and global scale of SARS-CoV-2 infections has implications for strategic oversight, resource management, and responsiveness in infection control. […] We present suggestions for how personal protective equipment policies relate to the viral pandemic context and how the risk of transmission by and to anaesthetists, intensivists, and other healthcare workers can be minimised. | 2020-05-02 |
| 32307322 | Currently, there is no evidence of vertical transmission to neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32308494 | Human-to-human transmission has accounted for most of the infections outside Wuhan. […] Only 2 patients had visited Wuhan since December 2019; the other cases of 2019-nCoV infection arose from patient-to-patient transmission. […] Additionally, 11 patients or their family members worked at the same supermarket, suggesting active viral transmission in a location frequented by a large number of people. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32309267 | In the current epidemiological situation, anosmia and dysgeusia in the absence of other respiratory conditions should be carefully evaluated.Special attention should be given to patients with non-classic COVID-19 symptoms in order to reduce transmission and protect health providers. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32310028 | Exposed ocular surface can serve as a gateway in transmission and acquiring respiratory diseases. […] Considering the reported cases on healthcare workers indicating nosocomial transmission and the anatomical and physiological aspects it is perceived that ophthalmic healthcare professionals are at higher risk of contracting the virus by virtue of their job. | 2020-04-20 |
| 32310715 | It is possible to provide safe surgical care for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and minimize nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers. Conclusions: This guidance will facilitate appropriate protection of patients and staff, and maintenance of infection control measures to assist surgical personnel and facilities to prepare for COVID-19-infected adult patients requiring urgent or emergent operative intervention and to provide optimal patient care. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32311132 | As we write, U.S. cities and states with extensive community transmission of Covid-19 are in harm’s way-not only because of the disease itself but also because of prior and current failures to act. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32311303 | Care must be taken during aerosol-generating procedures to minimize viral transmission as much as possible. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32311320 | A range of public health measures have been implemented to suppress local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong. […] We examined the effect of these interventions and behavioural changes of the public on the incidence of COVID-19, as well as on influenza virus infections, which might share some aspects of transmission dynamics with COVID-19. […] Influenza transmission declined substantially after the implementation of social distancing measures and changes in population behaviours in late January, with a 44% (95% CI 34-53%) reduction in transmissibility in the community, from an estimated Rt of 1·28 (95% CI 1·26-1·30) before the start of the school closures to 0·72 (0·70-0·74) during the closure weeks. […] Our study shows that non-pharmaceutical interventions (including border restrictions, quarantine and isolation, distancing, and changes in population behaviour) were associated with reduced transmission of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, and are also likely to have substantially reduced influenza transmission in early February, 2020. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32311350 | Although vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and neonates has been generally good, the high rate of preterm delivery by cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32311380 | It presents evidence that home and community settings are important for infection transmission and also the acquisition and spread of AMR. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32311771 | International guidance suggests direct droplet transmission is likely and airborne transmission occurs only with aerosol-generating procedures. […] The evidence defining aerosol-generating procedures comes largely from low-quality case and cohort studies where the exact mode of transmission is unknown as aerosol production was never quantified. […] We propose that transmission is associated with time in proximity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 patients with respiratory symptoms, rather than the procedures per se. […] The mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission is unknown but the evidence suggestive of airborne spread is growing. […] Healthcare workers should appraise the current evidence regarding transmission and apply this to the local infection prevalence. […] Measures to mitigate airborne transmission should be employed at times of risk. […] However, the mechanisms and risk factors for transmission are largely unconfirmed. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32312021 | Complicated objective factors such as the long-term existence of source of infection, difficulty in completely blocking the transmission route and a large susceptible population determined that the COVID-19 pandemic might stay with us for long term. | 2020-04-21 |
| 32312163 | Immediate measures to reduce transmission rates and protect patients and providers take priority and necessitate some delays in care, particularly for patients with mild symptoms or less aggressive cancers. | 2020-04-21 |
| 32312364 | Intra-family contact is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and there is also a possibility of fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-04-22 |
| 32312477 | In an effort to decrease disease transmission and conserve personal protective equipment (PPE), surgeons have witnessed one of the most dramatic changes in their practices with rapidly decreasing numbers of elective surgeries. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32313361 | How do governments in China and Western democracies differ in their technological response to control the transmission of the pandemic? […] Based on an analysis of academic papers, World Health Organization reports and newspapers, this research compares two opposing approaches, whereas the Chinese cities and government have adopted a techno-driven approach, Western governments have adopted a human-driven approach to control the transmission of Covid-19. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32313785 | The collection of these specimen types requires close contact between healthcare workers and patients and poses a risk of transmission of the virus, causes discomfort and may cause bleeding, especially in patients with condition such as thrombocytopenia. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32313806 | Novel coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens, but the first human-to-human transmission has been reported. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32313825 | In this short review we have highlighted the risk factors and transmission dynamics of coronaviruses that may pose a serious threat to India. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32313879 | In this work, we examine an essential factor that characterizes the disease transmission patterns: the interactions among people. […] By integrating the four contact matrices with the next-generation matrix, we quantitatively characterize the underlying transmission patterns of COVID-19 among different populations. […] The results show that the social contact-based analysis can readily explain the underlying disease transmission patterns as well as the associated risks (including both confirmed and unconfirmed cases). […] This can explain why the transmission of COVID-19 in the early stage mainly took place in public places and families in Wuhan. […] We estimate that Feb. 11, 2020 was the date with the highest transmission risk in Wuhan, which is consistent with the actual peak period of the reported case number (Feb. […] We further estimate the disease transmission risks associated with different work resumption plans in these cities after the outbreak. […] With an in-depth characterization of age-specific social contact-based transmission, the retrospective and prospective situations of the disease outbreak, including the past and future transmission risks, the effectiveness of different interventions, and the disease transmission risks of restoring normal social activities, are computationally analyzed and reasonably explained. […] The conclusions drawn from the study not only provide a comprehensive explanation of the underlying COVID-19 transmission patterns in China, but more importantly, offer the social contact-based risk analysis methods that can readily be applied to guide intervention planning and operational responses in other countries, so that the impact of COVID-19 pandemic can be strategically mitigated. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32314249 | Timing of infection after surgery in our series would raise the possibility of hospital transmission of COVID-19: from asymptomatic patients at the time of bariatric surgery to the healthcare workers versus acquiring the COVID-19 infection by non-infected patients in the perioperative period. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32314790 | Coronaviruses contribute to the burden of respiratory diseases in children, frequently manifesting in upper respiratory symptoms considered to be part of the “common cold.” Recent epidemics of novel coronaviruses recognized in the 21st century have highlighted issues of zoonotic origins of transmissible respiratory viruses and potential transmission, disease, and mortality related to these viruses. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32315124 | Transmission from humans to dogs, domestic cats, tigers, and lions has occurred. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32315244 | Here we discuss how we have dealt with this in our colorectal surgery department taking into account current evidence about the danger of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery. Discussion: We report a case of 28 years old female patient with carcinoma rectum. […] There is no evidence against laparoscopic surgery, which suggest viral transmission. […] Air filtration products like aerosol, HEPA filters will be of great aid in safe evacuation of gases. Conclusion: At present, there is no solid evidence to suggest viral transmission through surgical smoke. […] We advise taking all precautions for operating room staff to lessen the danger of transmission. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32315756 | While our knowledge about carriers and their virus shedding is deficient, some studies modelling the viral transmission have considered the potential contribution of the asymptomatic carriers. […] Presumably now, the asymptomatic subjects potentially contribute to the transmission of COVID-19 without their knowledge, intention, or being diagnosed as carriers. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32315808 | Asymptomatic transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 is an important topic. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32316337 | On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a new disease caused by a novel virus characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronoavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. | 2020-04-24 |
| 32316618 | Symptoms of COVID-19 include fever (88%), cough (68%), vomiting (5%) and diarrhoea (3.7%), and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to occur from human to human via respiratory secretions released by the infected individuals when coughing and sneezing. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32316751 | There is currently no effective treatment or approved vaccine, so isolating the source of infection and blocking the routes of transmission is important. | 2020-04-22 |
| 32317235 | The Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) offers guidance for cardiac CT (CCT) practitioners to help implement these international recommendations in order to decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission in their facilities while deciding on the timing of outpatient and inpatient CCT exams. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32317433 | These guidelines will be applicable to all practice settings including tertiary institutions, corporate and group practices and individual eye clinics and should help Indian ophthalmologists in performing their professional responsibilities without being foci of disease transmission. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32317810 | Since the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is subject to the extent of human interaction, the insights from the correlation of genetic diversity with epidemiological parameter would give paramount information to tackle this transmission. | 2020-04-24 |
| 32319446 | There is currently no vaccine to prevent CoViD-19, but the international scientific community is intensely focused on finding a vaccine that will prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-04-24 |
| 32319519 | Data concerning the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. […] We report a three-family cluster of infections involving asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic transmission. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32320381 | A significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (n=276, 61.0%) and symptom onset (n=288, 63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32320516 | People affected by SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, which brings about more difficulties to control the transmission. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32320641 | To determine the transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Iran in 2020, we estimated the reproduction number as 4.4 (95% CI 3.9-4.9) by using a generalized growth model and 3.5 (95% CI 1.3-8.1) by using epidemic doubling time. | 2020-04-22 |
| 32320687 | We suggest this loop confers fusion activation and entry properties more in line with betacoronaviruses in lineages A and C, and be a key component in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 with this structural loop affecting virus stability and transmission. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32321662 | Safety and reduction of transmission risk is paramount. | 2020-04-25 |
| 32321705 | Manpower considerations included the reorganisation of medical manpower into modular teams to mitigate the risk of hospital transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32321903 | Although it is likely that COVID-19 transmission is primarily via droplets and close contact, airborne transmission and fecal-oral route remains a possibility. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32322107 | It may also be assumed at the moment that transmission from mother to child in utero is unlikely. | 2020-04-26 |
| 32322401 | The transmission of COVID-19 infection from one person to another resulted in the isolation of patients who were subsequently given a variety of treatments. […] To monitor the current outbreak, robust steps have been taken around the globe to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 infection particularly banning international and domestic flights, inducting lockdowns in vulnerable areas, social distancing etc. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32322691 | We evaluated scenarios for the following parameters: the size, and duration of the initial transmission event, the serial interval, and the reproduction number (R0). […] We restricted model simulations based on the number of observed cases on the 25th of January, accepting samples that were within a 5% interval on either side of this estimate. Results: Using a pre-intervention SARS-like serial interval suggested a larger initial transmission event and a higher R0 estimate. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32323279 | In this context, it was suspected that therapy with RAS blockers might promote transmission and complications of COVID-19 by upregulation of ACE2 expression. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32323287 | In principle, aerosols can cause transmission of infectious viral particles. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32323704 | Little is known about the Covid-19 transmission through ocular tissue, and more research needs to be carried out in order to confirm its ability to infect ocular tissue and its pathogenic mechanisms. | 2020-04-24 |
| 32324530 | Extensive contact tracing, testing all contacts, and early quarantine blocked further transmission and might be effective for containing rapid outbreaks in crowded work settings. | 2020-04-23 |
| 32324720 | CDC recommends, with precautions, the proper cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to help mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (3). | 2020-04-24 |
| 32325096 | There may be a risk of COVID-19 transmission to rescuers delivering treatment for cardiac arrest. […] The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. […] We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: (1) aerosol generation associated with key interventions; (2) risk of airborne infection transmission associated with key interventions; and (3) the effect of different personal protective equipment strategies. […] We did not find any direct evidence that chest compressions or defibrillation either are or are not associated with aerosol generation or transmission of infection. […] It is uncertain whether chest compressions or defibrillation cause aerosol generation or transmission of COVID-19 to rescuers. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32325426 | This study investigates information transmission networks and news-sharing behaviors regarding COVID-19 on Twitter in Korea. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32325930 | This review discusses the recent outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India, the routes of transmission, prevention and control measures employed along with possible reasons behind the outbreaks, and the precautionary measures to be ensured by private-public undertakings to contain and ensure a lower incidence in the future. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32326274 | During an epidemic, almost all healthcare facilities restrict the visiting of patients to prevent disease transmission. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32326426 | Some new generations of mouth rinses currently on the market have ingredients that could contribute to lower the SARS-CoV-2 viral load, and thus facilitate the fight against oral transmission. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32326509 | The potential risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus by the use of fecal microbiota for transplantation must be taken urgently into consideration. | 2020-04-24 |
| 32326602 | This constant transmission of a novel coronavirus and its ability to spread from human to human have prompted scientists to develop new approaches for treatment of COVID-19. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32327608 | The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy prompted drastic measures for transmission containment. […] We estimate parameters of a metacommunity Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR)-like transmission model that includes a network of 107 provinces connected by mobility at high resolution, and the critical contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. […] Results suggest that the sequence of restrictions posed to mobility and human-to-human interactions have reduced transmission by 45% (42 to 49%). | 2020-05-19 |
| 32327758 | We co-detected these transcripts in specific respiratory, corneal and intestinal epithelial cells, potentially explaining the high efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32328338 | The transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not completely clear. […] The possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 should be assessed. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32328595 | The epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, and modes of transmission of COVID-19 are presented. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32329337 | Importantly, there is a need to evaluate filtration efficiencies as a function of aerosol particulate sizes in the 10 nm to 10 μm range, which is particularly relevant for respiratory virus transmission. […] Overall, we find that combinations of various commonly available fabrics used in cloth masks can potentially provide significant protection against the transmission of aerosol particles. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32329522 | Understanding the transmission dynamics of the infection in each country which got affected on a daily basis and evaluating the effectiveness of control policies are critical for our further actions. | 2020-04-25 |
| 32329971 | After identification of a case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility, we assessed transmission and evaluated the adequacy of symptom-based screening to identify infections in residents. […] Rapid and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated in this skilled nursing facility. […] More than half of residents with positive test results were asymptomatic at the time of testing and most likely contributed to transmission. […] Infection-control strategies focused solely on symptomatic residents were not sufficient to prevent transmission after SARS-CoV-2 introduction into this facility. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32330209 | It is reported that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV can play a role in disease transmission via airborne and contact. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32330309 | Currently, the identification of this disease is mainly conducted by using nasopharyngeal swabs[1] , but the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces of COVID-19 patients indicates the possibility of transmission via fecal-oral route[2-4] . | 2020-04-24 |
| 32330313 | This study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of late pregnancy with asymptomatic 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, evaluate the outcome of maternal and fetal prognosis, and identify the evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission. […] We reported an asymptomatic COVID-19 pregnant woman with detailed clinical information and our result indicated that for late pregnant women with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, there might be no intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32330332 | A clear understanding of the immune responses to the virus in children and the transmission potential of asymptomatic children is of paramount importance for the development of specific treatments and vaccine in order to effectively control the ongoing pandemic. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32330439 | Elucidation of the chain of disease transmission and identification of the source of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections are crucial for effective disease containment. […] When epidemiological information suggested that people might have been nodes of disease transmission but had recovered from illness, SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology testing was used to establish past infection. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32330458 | We aimed to assess whether changes in case definitions affected inferences on the transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32330531 | This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32330561 | Social distancing at its various levels has been a key measure to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32330565 | Priorities such as minimizing viral transmission, preserving personal protective equipment, and freeing hospital beds have driven unconventional approaches to managing gastroenterology (GI) patients. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32330858 | Additionally, novel, COVID-19-specific multilevel risks to HNC patients, HCWs and institutions, and society include: use of immunosuppressive therapy, nosocomial COVID-19 transmission, institutional COVID-19 outbreaks, and, at some locations, societal resource deficiencies requiring health care rationing. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32331259 | It provides insights about the properties of bioactive ingredients of foods and herbs for the support of the human immune system against infections before discussing the possibility of COVID-19 transmission through the food chain. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32331516 | Since COVID-19 transmission started in late January, mathematical modelling has been at the forefront of shaping the decisions around different non-pharmaceutical interventions to confine its’ spread in the UK and worldwide. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32331980 | Currently it is clear that since first confirmation to current, the transmission of the COVID-19 is exponentially increasing in Kenya. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32332334 | This review focuses on best practices and recommendations for hygiene and disinfection to limit exposure and transmission of infection in outpatient glaucoma clinics during the current COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32332516 | Reports of ophthalmologists and otolaryngologists died of COVID-19 also raised concern on ocular transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32333185 | Four decades into the HIV epidemic we have learned a considerable amount of information regarding social and behavioral approaches to addressing disease transmission. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32333603 | Understanding the transmission risk is particularly important for guiding evidence-based protective measures in the primary healthcare setting. […] We found a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a primary care setting. […] These findings are compatible with previous reports of the highest transmission probability in household settings with prolonged close contacts. […] The current protective measures for healthcare workers, including strict adherence to basic standard hygiene and facemasks, offer considerable protection during short periods of contact with symptomatic COVID-19 cases by diminishing the risk of direct and indirect transmission. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32333619 | The objective of this review was to discuss topical preparations that could be utilized preoperatively to help to decrease viral load and potentially reduce the risks of viral transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32333850 | The management of COVID-19 patient can be challenging due to the risk of disease transmission to caregivers and epidemic spread. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32334115 | We modelled the transmission process in the Republic of Korea and Italy with a stochastic model, and estimated the basic reproduction number R0 as 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) in the Republic of Korea, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 31 January or 5 February 2020, and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.3 (95% CI: 3.0-3.6) in Italy, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 5 February or 10 February 2020, respectively. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32334160 | Clarification of such relationships in the worst affected country, the US, can be immensely beneficial to understand the role of weather in transmission of the disease in the highly populated countries, such as India. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32334163 | Transmission is through droplet infection or fomites, but other modes such as airborne transmission and oro-fecal transmission are also speculated. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32334164 | In late 2019, a novel infectious disease with human to human transmission (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan China, which now has turned into a global pandemic. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32335053 | To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. […] Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal pharyngeal swab samples. […] There is no evidence of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection when the infection manifests during the third trimester of pregnancy. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32335167 | Face mask usage by the healthy population in the community to reduce risk of transmission of respiratory viruses remains controversial. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32335171 | In Beijing, family clusters are the main mode of human-human transmission accounting for 57.6% of the total confirmed cases. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32335334 | Our analyses involving molecular phylogenetics is a step toward understanding the transmission clusters that can be correlated to pathophysiology of the disease to gain insight into virulence mechanism. […] We believe that such molecular analyses correlated with clinical characteristics and host predisposition need to be evaluated at the earliest to understand viral adaptability, disease prognosis, and transmission dynamics. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32335338 | Pulmonary CT screening on admission may be necessary to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 during the outbreak period. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32335340 | Primary routes of transmission of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are through respiratory droplets and close person-to-person contact. […] While information about other potential modes of transmission are relatively sparse, evidence supporting the possibility of a fecally mediated mode of transmission has been accumulating. […] Here, current knowledge on the potential for fecal transmission is briefly reviewed and the possible implications are discussed from a public health perspective. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32335405 | The influence of meteorological factors on the transmission and spread of COVID-19 is of interest. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32335407 | Numerous factors could influence the transmission rate and survival of coronavirus. […] This study intends to investigate the sensitivity of AT and PS on the transmission rate of the novel coronavirus in different provinces of Iran. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32335408 | Millions of people have been put on lockdown in order to reduce the transmission of the virus. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32335410 | Almost all the nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients, quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large gatherings, maintaining complete or partial lock down etc. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32335585 | This disease first appeared in Hubei province of China and it follows human-to-human transmission but the path this virus took to set up human infection remains a mystery. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32335609 | Three patients were coming from infected country and one is local transmission. […] Keywords: COVID-19; local transmission; oropharyngeal swab. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32336042 | Our data provided the anecdotal evidences of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via ocular surface. | 2020-04-26 |
| 32336079 | Although the main transmission route for COVID-19 is droplets, during aerosol generating procedures airborne transmission may occur. […] Airborne precautions include goggles and respiratory protection with the use of an N95 or an equivalent mask respirator to prevent airborne transmission. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32336150 | A risk-benefit assessment of each patient undergoing surgery should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the urgency of the surgery and the risk of viral illness and transmission. […] Although transmission has not yet been shown during laparoscopic and robotic procedures, efforts should be made to minimize the risk of aerosolization. […] Ultra-low particulate air filters are recommended for use during minimally invasive procedures to decrease the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32336243 | COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease with continuous human-to-human transmission. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32336586 | With the rapid transmission of disease, even the off-label use of available therapies has been impeded by limited availability. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32336594 | Since containment of the outbreak may have partially failed due to asymptomatic transmission, it is imperative to accelerate the development of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapeutics for the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32336927 | The potential to cause life-threatening respiratory failure and rapid transmission puts COVID-19 in the list of Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). […] While the SARS-CoV-2 originated in China with over 82,724 confirmed cases and more than 3000 deaths as at the time of writing this review, the rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in exponential increase in the number of cases outside of China to about 10 times the report case and death in mainland China. […] Extreme precautionary measures, such as curfew, shutting of borders and quarantining of individuals suspected to be infected have been instituted with immediate effect; however, due to individuals that are asymptomatic, uncontrolled human-to-human transmission has resulted in exponential infection rate and numerous loss of lives even with this lockdown measures. […] This review article summarizes the developing situation surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with respect to its epidemiology, unique genomic structure, possible origins, transmission, pathogenesis, comparison with other deadly species of Coronaviruses (CoV) and emerging treatment strategies built on informed literature. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32337113 | In this study, we will provide a brief review of viral origin, identification, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies for the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 strain. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32337131 | However, the unpreparedness of the nations, even with the advanced medical sciences and resources, has failed to address the mental health aspect amongst the public, as all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32337143 | Some preventive strategies of the disease include blocking the routes of transmission of the infections, disinfection of instruments used during medical case handling, using personal protective equipment, proper and early diagnosis of the disease, avoiding contact with the sick patients, and quarantine of the infected/exposed people. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32337192 | Global health authorities are trying to work out the current status of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and explore methods to reduce the rate of its transmission to healthy individuals. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32337386 | Practice considerations to limit COVID-19 transmission in the proton ocular treatment setting for UM are necessary. […] Given the unique circumstances for UM patients, along with indications of potential ophthalmologic transmission as a result of healthcare providers working in close proximity to patients and intrinsic infectious risk from eyelashes, tears and hair, practice strategies may be adapted to reduce the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32337584 | Person-to-person transmission was at the heart of a hospital outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in the pediatric dialysis unit at the UHM. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32338017 | Digestive endoscopy is a high-risk procedure for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32338347 | Transmission of the infection occurs by inhalation of infected droplets or direct contact with soiled surfaces and fomites. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32338533 | Because of global concern for potential intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women to their infants, this report analyzes the effects on pregnancy of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory RNA viruses, and examines the frequency of maternal-fetal transmission with SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza (HPIV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV). […] There have been no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission reported with COVID-19 or any other coronavirus infections. […] In summary, it appears that the absence thus far of maternal-fetal transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the COVID-19 pandemic is similar to other coronaviruses, and is also consistent with the extreme rarity of suggested or confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission of other respiratory RNA viruses. […] This observation has important consequences for pregnant women as it appears that if intrauterine transmission of SARSCoV-2 does eventually occur, it will be a rare event. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32338767 | Transmission-based precautions to protect residents, employees, and families alike must account for potential risks posed by LTC workers’ second jobs and unpaid care work. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32339250 | Rapid transmission of COVID-19 has caused wide-spread panic. | 2020-04-27 |
| 32339382 | Although postpartum infection cannot be excluded with 100% certainty, these findings suggest that vaginal delivery is associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. […] This study suggests that vaginal delivery may be associated with a low risk of intrapartum SARS-Cov-2 transmission to the newborn. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32340022 | Although it is clear that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted through human respiratory droplets and direct contact, the potential for aerosol transmission is poorly understood1-3. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32340089 | In addition, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected by in situ hybridization, and coronavirus particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy in 2 cases. Results: There were 7 males and 3 females, with an average age of 68.3 years. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32340093 | Objective: To explore clustered epidemic of COVID-19 in Liaocheng city and analyze infection status and chain of transmission of the cases. Methods: A joint investigation team of emergency response for COVID-19 epidemic by CDC professional workers of Liaocheng city and district at two levels on January 30, 2020. […] Prevention and control of cluster epidemic should be focused on chain of community transmission and family cluster cases. […] It must also be an attention for transmission risk of asymptomatic patients. 目的： 调查一起聊城市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）聚集性疫情，分析其病例感染情况及疫情传播链。 | 2020-04-28 |
| 32340094 | Hierarchical spot map was drawn to clarify the distribution and transmission risk of infection sources at different time points. […] Although the epidemic curve showed human-to-human transmission, the “trailing” was not obvious. […] More cases and higher transmission risk were observed in areas with higher population density. […] After the effective intervention measures, both infection sources and the risk of transmission decreased. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32340097 | We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and COVID-19 and found that COVID-19 was more contagious, more concealed in transmission, with greater infectious intensity and more severe clinical manifestations. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32340347 | However, recently published studies support the hypothesis of virus transmission over a distance of 2 m from an infected person. […] Researchers have proved the higher aerosol and surface stability of SARS-COV-2 as compared with SARS-COV-1 (with the virus remaining viable and infectious in aerosol for hours) and that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV can occur besides close-distance contacts. […] Indeed, there is reasonable evidence about the possibility of SARS-COV-2 airborne transmission due to its persistence into aerosol droplets in a viable and infectious form. […] Based on the available knowledge and epidemiological observations, it is plausible that small particles containing the virus may diffuse in indoor environments covering distances up to 10 m from the emission sources, thus representing a kind of aerosol transmission. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32340538 | The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to unprecedented demands on the modern health care system, and the highly contagious nature of the virus has led to particular concerns of infection among health care workers and transmission within health care facilities. […] While strong data regarding the transmissibility of the infection are not yet widely available, preliminary information suggests risk of transmission among asymptomatic individuals, including those within health care facilities. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32340546 | Due to viral aerosolization, tracheotomy carries a high risk of transmission of COVID-19 to the health care team performing the procedure. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32340627 | The tracheotomy procedure is highly aerosol generating and directly exposes the entire surgical team to the viral aerosol plume and secretions, thereby increasing the risk of transmission to healthcare providers. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32340912 | The planning of a robust plan to prevent the transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members should be fundamental in each radiology service. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32341722 | Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32342026 | Indications for surgery must be balanced by risk of disease transmission to health care workers. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32342047 | Orthopedic surgery has not been spared from these effects, with the postponement of elective procedures in an attempt to mitigate disease transmission and preserve hospital resources as the pandemic continues to expand. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32342112 | The COVID-19 pandemic and the desire to “flatten the curve” of transmission have significantly affected the way providers care for patients. […] Certain situations will require different treatments in the virtual setting while others will require an in-person visit despite the risks of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32342138 | Raising awareness of these issues will help avoid occupational transmission of COVID-19 to the surgical team by aerosolization of blood or other body fluids and hence adequate PPE should be available and used during orthopaedic surgery. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32342164 | As the cost of in-hospital transmission is unbearable, our experiences and lessons suggested that prompt actions should be taken immediately to decrease or eliminate potential in-hospital transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32342724 | Appropriate precautions should be taken to avoid transmission from urine. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32342873 | The government has taken swift measures to contain and break the chain of transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32342926 | Human-to-human transmission is primarily achieved through close contact of respiratory droplets, direct contact with the infected individuals, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32343122 | Almost every aspect of the pathogen remains largely unknown, ranging from mechanisms involved in infection transmission, interplay with the human immune system, and covert mechanisms of end-organ damage. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32343222 | Our models suggest that social distancing can provide crucial time to increase healthcare capacity but must occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate virus transmission. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32343244 | Governments around the world have had to quickly adapt and respond to curb transmission of the virus and to provide care for the many who have been infected. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32343300 | As an aerosol-generating procedure, traditional pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy techniques must be adapted in order to reduce the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32343342 | Recommendations emphasize rapid implementation of measures to both decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission and maintain continuity of clinical care and research to preserve safety of both people with schizophrenia and the public. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32343408 | Handwashing is important to reduce the spread and transmission of infectious disease. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32343747 | Occupational characteristics, such as interfacing with the public and being in close quarters with other workers, not only put workers at high risk for disease, but also make them a nexus of disease transmission to the community. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32343939 | High case ascertainment enables public health response and reduction of disease transmission. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32344422 | These recommendations for physicians who perform bronchoscopy will help to protect those patients (un)-affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic, minimize the risk of transmission, and maintain clinical care for all patients. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32344444 | For both, plastic and hand surgeons it is crucial to act responsible, minimize the transmission of the virus and aid in reasonable and adequate allocation of resources for the treatment of affected patients during this pandemia. | 2020-04-28 |
| 32344679 | Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed even from asymptomatic carriers. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32345392 | With concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32346544 | In this perspective, we recommend universal masking of the US public during coronavirus disease 2019 due to the high contagiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viral shedding of viable SARS-CoV-2 from asymptomatic individuals, and the likely contribution of masking to core distancing public health strategies for curbing transmission. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32346593 | Highly infectious, COVID-19 has numerous transmission channels and humans are highly susceptible to infection. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32346656 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, alternative methods of care are needed to reduce the relative risk of transmission in departments. […] This may help to reduce transmission of COVID-19 in our department and provides a means for SBRT coverage if ROs are reallocated to other areas of the hospital for COVID-19 support. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32346664 | The first is a model that incorporates infected persons in the exposed class, before transmission is possible. […] The second is a model that incorporates a time delay in infected persons, before transmission is possible. […] We estimate the epidemiological parameters in the models, such as the transmission rate and the basic reproductive number, using data of reported cases. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32347054 | The speed of both the geographical transmission and the sudden increase in numbers of cases is much faster than SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). | 2020-05-01 |
| 32347112 | In these cases, given the sites of action typical of the otolaryngology practice, physicians and nurses are exposed to a high risk of contagion through virus aerosol transmission. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32347198 | Understanding epidemiological factors characterising the transmission dynamics of this disease is of fundamental importance.AimsThis study aimed to describe key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.MethodsWe extracted data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and their close contacts from the publicly available information released by the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection. […] ConclusionWith a considerable containment delay and short serial interval, contact-tracing effectiveness may not be optimised to halt the transmission with rapid generations replacement. […] Our study highlights the transmission risk of social interaction and pivotal role of physical distancing in suppressing the epidemic. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32347618 | Dermatologic examinations may be a vector for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission since being closed to the patient. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32347772 | Identified strategies included early recognition of the threat and rapid activation of national response protocols led by national leadership; rapid establishment of diagnostic capacity; scale-up of measures for preventing community transmission; and redesigning the triage and treatment systems, mobilizing the necessary resources for clinical care. […] Key recommendations include (1) recognize the problem, (2) establish diagnostic capacity, (3) implement aggressive measures to prevent community transmission, (4) redesign and reallocate clinical resources for the new environment, and (5) work to limit economic impact through and while prioritizing controlling the spread and impact of COVID-19. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32347991 | To preserve the health care system capacity and to limit virus cross-transmission, protecting caregivers against coronavirus infection is of critical importance. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32348044 | No data indicate a risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood product transfusion. […] Aucune donnée n’indique de risque d’une transmission du SARS-CoV-2 par transfusion de produits sanguins. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32348046 | Current pandemic implies changes in patient care in rheumatology to reduce the risk of coronavirus transmission to patients visiting health-care facilities, by organizing less frequent blood tests, using teleconsultations, and switching from intravenous to subcutaneous drug administration. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32348048 | No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been described so far. […] Aucun cas de transmission verticale de SARS-CoV-2 n’a été démontré récemment. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32348293 | Social distancing and shielding measures have been put in place to reduce social interaction and slow the transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). | 2020-05-13 |
| 32348405 | Guidance provided to the population has been clear, stressing the importance of coronavirus transmission prevention measures. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32348581 | Surgical volume and clinic visits are curtailed, personal protective equipment for operating room participation is restricted, and the risk of COVID-19 disease transmission during heretofore routine patient care is the new norm. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32348594 | Otolaryngologists represent a subset of health care workers uniquely vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission. […] Guidelines published by international and US governing bodies were reviewed in conjunction with published literature concerning COVID-19 transmission risk, testing, and PPE, to compile situation-specific recommendations for head and neck providers managing COVID-19 patients. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32348600 | Many otolaryngology procedures, including laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy, place otolaryngologists at increased risk of coronavirus transmission due to close contact with respiratory droplets and aerosolization from the procedure. […] Summary guidelines based on the literature available at this time are presented in order to decrease transmission of the virus and protect those involved. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32349035 | China announced an outbreak of new coronavirus in the city of Wuhan on December 31, 2019; lash to now, the virus transmission has become pandemic worldwide. | 2020-04-29 |
| 32349045 | The pressure to the health services worldwide has been unprecedented.The redeployment of staff and resources to treat more efficiently COVID-19 cases along with the need to reduce disease transmission has affected the field of electrophysiology among many others.Amendments to clinical pathways are obligatory in this perspective to continue to provide the necessary health services to the people who need them while at the same time infection control and prevention are not compromised by inadvertent disease transmission or unnecessary use of resources.We aim to providea guide of the logistic aspects of electrophysiology procedures derived fromour Tertiary Cardiac Centre duringthe current COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32349113 | We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32349120 | Third, we develop a spatio-temporal ‘risk source’ model that leverages population flow data (which operationalize the risk that emanates from epidemic epicentres) not only to forecast the distribution of confirmed cases, but also to identify regions that have a high risk of transmission at an early stage. […] Fourth, we use this risk source model to statistically derive the geographical spread of COVID-19 and the growth pattern based on the population outflow from Wuhan; the model yields a benchmark trend and an index for assessing the risk of community transmission of COVID-19 over time for different locations. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32349772 | This review provides an overview of the knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, transmission, the associated clinical presentation and outcomes in newborns and infants up to 6 months of life. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32350060 | Intense non-pharmaceutical interventions were put in place in China to stop transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). […] As transmission intensifies in other countries, the interplay between age, contact patterns, social distancing, susceptibility to infection, and COVID-19 dynamics remains unclear. […] Based on these data, we build a transmission model to study the impact of social distancing and school closure on transmission. […] While proactive school closures cannot interrupt transmission on their own, they can reduce peak incidence by 40-60% and delay the epidemic. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32351102 | A global public health problem with a high rate spread and transmission, Coronavirus outbreak has become the most talked-about matter throughout the world. […] Concerns regarding surgical safety and the risk of viral transmission during surgery are of great importance. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32351807 | New studies are expanding our understanding of the possible fecal transmission of COVID-19. […] The potential for fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 needs to be strongly considered. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32351873 | This analysis highlights the agent of COVID-19 and the possible transmission. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32352314 | In the early stages of a new infectious disease outbreak, it is crucial to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection. […] Estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and identify whether outbreak control measures are having a measurable effect. […] For R0 > 1, the number infected tends to increase, and for R0 < 1, transmission dies out. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32352576 | We also stress that vertical transmission, which was not tested for by Chen et al., should not be excluded as a potential mechanism for viral spread. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32352915 | Proactive measures, therefore, must be taken to ensure the continuation of diagnostic and interventional support to clinicians, while minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission among staff and other patients. | 2020-04-30 |
| 32352954 | COVID-19 can spread quickly in homeless shelters; rapid interventions including testing and isolation to identify cases and minimize transmission are necessary. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32353347 | The resulting data provide a rare opportunity to measure key metrics of disease course, transmission, and the impact of control measures. […] We estimated metrics of disease transmission and analysed factors influencing transmission risk. […] Moreover, children are at a similar risk of infection to the general population, although less likely to have severe symptoms; hence they should be considered in analyses of transmission and control. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32353371 | Here we briefly summarize what is known about this family of viruses and literature basis of the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract and shedding in the environment for potential human-to-human transmission. | 2020-05-02 |
| 32353474 | To understand the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, genotyping of virus isolates is of great importance. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32353549 | This study aimed to compare clinical courses and outcomes between pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women with COVID-19, and to assess the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 in pregnancy. […] The severity of disease, virus clearance time, and length of hospital stay were measured as the primary objective, while the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 was also assessed. […] No evidence supported vertical transmission of COVID-19 in the late stage of pregnancy, including vaginal delivery. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32353720 | Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in stools and sewage has recently been reported, raising the hypothesis of faecal-oral transmission. […] Then we discuss the current framework of disease transmission through water and excreta and how the transmission of a respiratory disease fits into it. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32353724 | In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. […] There was a positive correlation between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Countries with higher rainfall measurements showed an increase in disease transmission. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32353825 | COVID-19 has strong infectivity, high transmission speeds, and causes serious infection among healthcare worker. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32353982 | Although great concern has been expressed about COVID-19 infection acquired through ocular transmission, its underlying mechanism has not currently been clarified. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32353991 | These 45-day estimates suggested that cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria have been remarkably lower than expected and the preparedness to detect needs to be shifted to stop local transmission. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32354081 | Considering the virus’ route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). | 2020-05-08 |
| 32354293 | There are reports of neonatal infection, but no direct evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission has been found.Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those of non-pregnant adults. […] Further studies are needed to ascertain long-term outcomes and potential intrauterine vertical transmission. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32354631 | The purpose of this study was to report the clinical evaluation of a 3D-printed protective face shield designed to protect interventional radiologists from droplet transmission of the SARS-Cov-2. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32355131 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency requiring significant changes in obstetric and gynecologic health care delivery to minimize the risk of transmission to healthy patients and health care workers. | 2020-05-01 |
| 32355392 | The current moment provides a formidable test of this question, as widespread transmission of Covid-19 and intense efforts to slow it drastically transform our environment. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32355837 | With an initial suspicion of the animal to the human transmission for earlier cases, now the paradigm has shifted towards human to human transmission via droplets, contacts and/or through fomites. with each passing day, more and more confirmed cases are being reported worldwide which has alarmed the global authorities including World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China to take immediate action in order to reduce the transmission and subsequent mortalities associated with COVID-19 to as minimum as possible. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32355863 | The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, while the routes of transmission of this virus are still controversial. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32355904 | Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths. […] Moreover, mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness (as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked) and coverage rate (as a fraction of the general population), while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes (death, hospitalizations) is highly nonlinear, indicating masks could synergize with other non-pharmaceutical measures. […] Notably, masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic transmission. […] Even very weak masks (20% effective) can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing: In Washington, where baseline transmission is much less intense, 80% adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24-65% (and peak deaths 15-69%), compared to 2-9% mortality reduction in New York (peak death reduction 9-18%). […] Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden of the pandemic. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32356641 | It seems that the proper identification of all people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is the best strategy to limit the transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32356867 | Better understanding of the transmission dynamics is important for the development and evaluation of effective control policies. […] To delineate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and evaluate the transmission risk at different exposure window periods before and after symptom onset. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32356927 | This article analyzes the available evidence to address airborne, aerosol transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. […] We review and present three lines of evidence: case reports of transmission for asymptomatic individuals in association with studies that show that normal breathing and talking produce predominantly small droplets of the size that are subject to aerosol transport; limited empirical data that have recorded aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 particles that remain suspended in the air for hours and are subject to transport over distances including outside of rooms and intrabuilding, and the broader literature that further supports the importance of aerosol transmission of infectious diseases. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32357257 | As the most common route of transmission is via aerosols and droplet inhalation, it is critical for healthcare workers to have the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) including gowns, masks and goggles. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32357503 | Due to the scientific community’s efforts, there is an increasing body of published studies describing the virus’ biology, its transmission and diagnosis, its clinical features, its radiological findings, and the development of candidate therapeutics and vaccines. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32358202 | The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that is primarily thought to infect the lungs with transmission via the respiratory route. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32358853 | The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concern of transmission of infectious organisms through aerosols formation in endonasal and transoral surgery. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32358855 | This study describes a novel approach in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during tracheostomy. […] Plastic drapes can help reduce viral transmission to health care providers during tracheostomy. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32359194 | Since the country entered into an epidemiological scenario of sustained community transmission and saturation of intensive care, developing donation and transplantation procedures has become highly complex. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32359226 | In this manuscript, we comprehensively reviewed the current evidence regarding COVID-19 perinatal transmission, respiratory outcomes of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 and infants with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the evidence for using different respiratory support modalities and aerosol-generating procedures in this specific population. | 2020-05-02 |
| 32359424 | Our results illustrate how the timing, size, and duration of putative local transmission chains were constrained by national travel restrictions and by the province’s large-scale intensive surveillance and intervention measures. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32359479 | Originated in bats, 2019-nCoV/ severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 likely experienced adaptive evolution in intermediate hosts before transfer to humans at a concentrated source of transmission. […] Similarities of receptor sequence binding to 2019-nCoV between humans and animals suggest a low species barrier for transmission of the virus to farm animals. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32359846 | It has impacted the world medically, financially, politically and socially, with countries such as China and Italy adopting a full lockdown of their cities to mitigate the transmission. | 2020-05-03 |
| 32359869 | It is to be expected that instrumentation in or through those areas will entail a higher risk of transmission. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32359943 | Human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 pneumonia has occurred among HCWs, and most of these infected HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 are mild cases. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32360205 | Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32360322 | As possible breeding grounds for microbial organisms, these constitute a potential global public health risk for microbial transmission. […] While this scoping review of literature regarding microbial identification on mobile phones in HC and community settings did not directly address the issue of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19, this work exposes the possible role of mobile phones as a ‘Trojan horse’ contributing to the transmission of microbial infections in epidemics and pandemics. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32360500 | It was found that the clustered incidence of children’s families is a dynamic transmission feature; the incidence is low; asymptomatic infections and mild cases account for 44.8%, with only 7 cases of critical illness; laboratory examination of lymphocyte counts is not reduced, as it is for adults; chest CT findings are less severe than those for adults. […] Efforts should be made to prevent children from becoming a hidden source of transmission in kindergartens, schools or families. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32360552 | Reintroduction from countries with ongoing community transmission; 2. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32360580 | The number of virions of SARS-CoV-2 was observed under transmission electron microscope after treatment with LS. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32360770 | Simulations of the model, using data relevant to COVID-19 transmission dynamics in the US state of New York and the entire US, show that the pandemic burden will peak in mid and late April, respectively. […] Using face-masks in public (including the low efficacy cloth masks) is very useful in minimizing community transmission and burden of COVID-19, provided their coverage level is high. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32360780 | Social distancing should be strongly implemented to prevent disease transmission from asymptomatic individuals or those with mild and inconspicuous symptoms. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32360881 | Hospitals are significant epicenters for the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs, patients, and visitors. | 2020-05-10 |
| 32360960 | In the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social distancing has been necessary to help prevent disease transmission. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32361152 | ▪▪▪ STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A group of approved panelists developed key clinical questions by using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) format that addressed specific topics on bronchoscopy related to COVID-19 infection and transmission. […] In an area where community transmission of COVID-19 infection is present, bronchoscopy should be deferred for nonurgent indications, and if necessary to perform, HCWs should wear personal protective equipment while performing the procedure even on asymptomatic patients. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32361161 | In this paper, we will systematically review the pathogenic features, transmission routes, and infection mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, as well as any adverse effects on the digestive system, urogenital system, central nervous system, and circulatory system, in order to provide a theoretical and clinical basis for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and prognosis assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32361443 | The novelty of the virus prompts a search for understanding of how ecological factors affect the transmission and survival of the virus. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32361455 | Clinical and epidemiological evidence has been advanced for human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus rampaging the world since late 2019. […] Outliers in the human-to-human transmission are yet to be explored. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32361460 | However, active measures must be taken to control the source of infection, block transmission and prevent further spread of COVID-19. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32361528 | Person-to-person transmission is accepted but WHO only considers aerosol transmission when procedures or support treatments that produce aerosol are performed. […] Transmission mechanisms are not fully understood and there is evidence for an airborne route to be considered, as the virus remains viable in aerosols for at least 3 h and that mask usage was the best intervention to prevent infection. […] However, if not correctly used, they may contribute to the transmission/spreading of airborne diseases as proposed in the past for SARS. […] The authors believe that airborne transmission is possible and that HVAC systems when not adequately used may contribute to the transmission of the virus, as suggested by descriptions from Japan, Germany, and the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship. […] Previous SARS outbreaks reported at Amoy Gardens, Emergency Rooms and Hotels, also suggested an airborne transmission. […] Further studies are warranted to confirm our hypotheses but the assumption of such way of transmission would cause a major shift in measures recommended to prevent infection such as the disseminated use of masks and structural changes to hospital and other facilities with HVAC systems. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32361598 | SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is spread by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact. […] However, since SARS-CoV-2 (as well as other coronaviruses) has been found in the fecal samples and anal swabs of some patients, the possibility of fecal-oral (including waterborne) transmission need to be investigated and clarified. […] The data available suggest that: i) CoV seems to have a low stability in the environment and is very sensitive to oxidants, like chlorine; ii) CoV appears to be inactivated significantly faster in water than non-enveloped human enteric viruses with known waterborne transmission; iii) temperature is an important factor influencing viral survival (the titer of infectious virus declines more rapidly at 23°C-25 °C than at 4 °C); iv) there is no current evidence that human coronaviruses are present in surface or ground waters or are transmitted through contaminated drinking-water; v) further research is needed to adapt to enveloped viruses the methods commonly used for sampling and concentration of enteric, non enveloped viruses from water environments. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32361714 | In the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures that generate aerosols are performed. […] Individualized approach of each case is a sine qua non of ensuring low transmission of COVID-19 as well as effective and safe management of patients admitted to nuclear medicine departments. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32361738 | With evidence of sustained transmission in more than 190 countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32361996 | Oral swabs, sputum, and blood samples from 18 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined using RT-PCR testing in order to assess the risk of transfusion-related transmission. […] As patients with symptoms of infectious disease will not be admitted to blood donation, the risk for transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be negligible. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32362062 | This unprecedented virus has caused global pandemic and over 2,300,000 cases worldwide in total number(2), which has been bringing tremendous pressure and challenges to medical institutions and clinical staff around the world. 2019-nCoV can be transmitted by droplets primarily, while it has been reported that surface contact transmission exists as well(3). | 2020-05-03 |
| 32362106 | Conjunctivitis may be a feature of COVID-19, with tears containing SARS-CoV-2 virus, and a source of potential transmission via aerosols. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32362270 | High case ascertainment and prompt identification of contacts enables an effective public health response and a reduction of disease transmission. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32362424 | SARS-CoV-2 has presented rapid person-to-person transmission and is currently a global pandemic. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32362505 | A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is needed, together with high-quality clinical data on the use of respirators or alternative devices. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32362564 | In Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, clinical examination and invasive procedures on the respiratory tract and on airway-connected cavities, such as paranasal sinuses and the middle ear, expose people to direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation or ocular projection of contaminated droplets, and to indirect transmission by contact with contaminated hands, objects or surfaces. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32362642 | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has once again exposed the weaknesses of global health systems preparedness, ability to respond to an infectious threat, the rapidity of transmission of infections across international borders and the ineffectiveness of knee-jerk policy responses to emerging/re-emerging infectious disease threats. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32362645 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised urgent questions about containment and mitigation, particularly in countries where the virus has not yet established human-to-human transmission. […] The objectives of this study were to find out if it was possible to prevent, or delay, the local outbreaks of COVID-19 through restrictions on travel from abroad and if the virus has already established in-country transmission, to what extent would its impact be mitigated through quarantine of symptomatic patients? […] These questions were addressed in the context of India, using simple mathematical models of infectious disease transmission. […] Once the virus establishes transmission within the community, quarantine of symptomatics may have a meaningful impact on disease burden. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32362647 | Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-05-06 |
| 32362682 | India has already reached Stage 2 (local transmission) and the Indian Government, in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is taking all necessary steps to halt the community transmission(Stage 3). […] All efforts pertaining to adequate staffing, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and strict adherence to hand hygiene measures are being stressed upon to prevent in-hospital transmission. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32362969 | Compared to severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, there is the rapid transmission, long incubation period, and disease containment is becoming extremely difficult. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32363205 | Of the 205 patients with COVID-19 infection, 31% had presumed transmission from a family member. 10% of patients had hospital-related transmission. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32363596 | Using existing knowledge of surgical smoke, a theoretical risk of virus transmission exists. […] There is not enough evidence to quantify the risks of COVID-19 transmission in surgical smoke. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32364890 | Recent epidemiologic, virologic, and modeling reports support the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission from persons who are presymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected before symptom onset) or asymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected but symptoms never develop). […] SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of symptoms reinforces the value of measures that prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by infected persons who may not exhibit illness despite being infectious. […] Critical knowledge gaps include the relative incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the public health interventions that prevent asymptomatic transmission, and the question of whether asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection confers protective immunity. | 2020-05-04 |
| 32365045 | The objective of this work was to develop and validate a mathematical model and to assess the impact of various lockdown scenarios on COVID-19 transmission in India. […] After validation, the model was applied to predict COVID-19 transmission in India for different intervention scenarios in terms of lockdown for 4, 14, 21, 42, and 60 days. […] Finally, for the scenario of “panic shopping” or situations where there is a sudden increase in the factors leading to higher exposure to infection, the model predicted an exponential transmission, resulting in failure of the considered intervention strategy. […] Implementation of a strict lockdown for a period of at least 21 days is expected to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. […] However, a further extension of up to 42 days is required to significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in India. […] Any relaxation in the lockdown may lead to exponential transmission, resulting in a heavy burden on the health care system in the country. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32365178 | These have implications for measures to prevent onward local transmission and should prompt reconsideration of current testing protocols and safe de-escalation of social distancing measures. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32365180 | Therefore, we believe that apart from droplets and contact transmission, the possibility of mother-to-child and sexual transmission also exists. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32366034 | Realizing the severity of outcomes associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by regulatory authorities, such as the American Dental Association, to stop providing treatment to dental patients except those who have emergency complaints. […] This was mainly for protection of dental healthcare personnel, their families, contacts, and their patients from the transmission of virus, and also to preserve the much-needed supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2020-05-08 |
| 32366173 | In the COVID-19 era, procedures involving airway management are a particular risk for health care workers due to the high virulence of the virus, the transmission through aerosol, and the risk of contagion from asymptomatic patients. […] The safety of health care workers is essential not only to safeguard continuous patient care but also to limit virus transmission. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32366195 | Since isolated anosmia is not yet considered a prerequisite for screening for COVID-19, we wish to raise awareness on the association of anosmia with COVID-19, urging international and national health authorities to consider this association in their efforts for early detection and isolation of infected individuals and for breaking the chain of transmission. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32366488 | Complete genomic sequences of 12 different coronavirus strains demonstrated that the viral structure with small, irrelevant mutations was stable in the transmission chains and showed remarkable traits of infectious traceability. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32367576 | SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva samples, making saliva a potential transmission route for COVID-19. […] Hence, the control of saliva-related transmission in the dental clinic is critical, particularly in the epidemic period of COVID-19. […] Based on our experience of the COVID-19 epidemic, some protective measures that can help reduce the risk of saliva-related transmission are suggested, in order to avoid the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 among patients, visitors, and dental practitioners. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32367793 | Family-based transmission should not be ignored, as a close contact history was the top reason of exposure. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32367847 | Rapid transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. […] The technique of nasopharyngeal wash to prevent the virus from inhabiting and replicating in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa has been suggested to be useful in reducing symptoms, transmission, and viral shedding in cases of viral acute respiratory tract infections. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32368429 | Early action and guidance are therefore critical to minimize transmission events and ensure safe and timely delivery of radiation therapy. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32368528 | The gastrointestinal symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain and the detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid from fecal specimens in a small number of patients suggest the possibility of transmission via the gastrointestinal tract. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32368532 | Frequent touching of contaminated surfaces in public areas is therefore a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] The risk of transmission via touching contaminated paper is low. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32368550 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health emergency with obvious characteristics of human-to-human transmission, and there are infective asymptomatic carriers. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32368850 | The factors we consider include: 1) the risk of blood transmission SARS-CoV-2, 2) involvement of donor organs, 3) lack of effective therapies, 4) exposure of healthcare and recovery teams, 5) disease transmission and propagation, and 6) hospital resource utilization. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32368884 | Containment strategies to mitigate viral transmission and emergency measures to increase the capacity of each country to provide intensive care are at the forefront of the public health management of the epidemic, even though the detrimental social and psychological effects of quarantine are evident on a global scale. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32369217 | This report focused on the outside-Wuhan patients to assess the transmission and clinical characteristics of this illness. […] Transmission along the chain of 3 “generations” was observed. […] Family but not community transmission occupied the main body of infections in the two centers, suggesting the timely control measures after the Wuhan shutdown wok well. […] Asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here warned us that it may bring more risk to the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32369429 | Increased awareness of this fact may encourage earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as heighten vigilance for viral transmission. | 2020-05-05 |
| 32369475 | During digestive endoscopy, transmission by any of these mechanisms could occur. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32369975 | This should be considered when interpreting estimates of the extent of transmission from hosts with few COVID-19 symptoms. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32370128 | DF cases occurred throughout the year with low level of transmission observed during the dry season (December to June), then increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) peaking in October. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32370275 | The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32370924 | This article also explores the concerns of surgeons regarding possible transmission to their own family members as a result of caring for COVID-19 patients. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32371150 | Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning - but not limited to - organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32371331 | Use multimodal perioperative infection control practices (e.g., including patient decontamination) and monitor performance (e.g., S. aureus transmission from patient to the environment). | 2020-05-18 |
| 32371416 | Transmissions among family members are frequently observed, although the route of transmission is partially known. […] Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32371560 | Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is an open system that can generate contact, droplet, and airborne COVID-19 thereby increasing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 like other procedures such as tracheal intubation, noninvasive ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32371934 | Our results indicate that surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32372755 | BackgroundEstimating key infectious disease parameters from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is essential for modelling studies and guiding intervention strategies.AimWe estimate the generation interval, serial interval, proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission and effective reproduction number of COVID-19. […] We illustrate that reproduction numbers calculated based on serial interval estimates can be biased.MethodsWe used outbreak data from clusters in Singapore and Tianjin, China to estimate the generation interval from symptom onset data while acknowledging uncertainty about the incubation period distribution and the underlying transmission network. […] From those estimates, we obtained the serial interval, proportions of pre-symptomatic transmission and reproduction numbers.ResultsThe mean generation interval was 5.20 days (95% credible interval (CrI): 3.78-6.78) for Singapore and 3.95 days (95% CrI: 3.01-4.91) for Tianjin. […] The proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission was 48% (95% CrI: 32-67) for Singapore and 62% (95% CrI: 50-76) for Tianjin. […] Sensitivity analyses showed that estimating these quantities from outbreak data requires detailed contact tracing information.ConclusionHigh estimates of the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission imply that case finding and contact tracing need to be supplemented by physical distancing measures in order to control the COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32373061 | However, for acute stroke patients who have a diagnosis of or are under investigation for COVID-19, the concern for nosocomial transmission moderates operational procedures for acute stroke care. […] The outlook for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the development of protocols to sustain timely and effective acute stroke care while mitigating healthcare-associated transmission. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32373189 | The effects of cigarette smoking on the transmission of the virus and worsening of COVID-19 have been less addressed. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32373409 | A therapeutic vaccine is not yet on the rise, and preventive measures are the current approach to restraint the transmission of cases. […] As the virus is highly contagious via respiratory route (droplets from infected persons, widely spread by coughing or sneezing) and via contact with contaminated surfaces, community transmission and spread can be decreased through the practice of regular and diligent hand hygiene. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32373467 | Ocular involvement and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should never be overlooked. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32373705 | During the extensive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea, many strategies in the hospital setting, such as stratified patient care, the assignment of hospitals/beds by a task force team, and the establishment of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals, dedicated COVID-19 emergency centers, COVID-19 community facilities, and respiratory care split hospitals, were adopted to mitigate community transmission and prevent nosocomial infection. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32374001 | As the pandemic continues to evolve, there have been reports about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission of this newly emerged pneumonia virus. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32374400 | In Wuhan, strict disease control measures were implemented 6 weeks after sustained local transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32374647 | A time analysis comparing our standard EEG protocol with our modified COVID-19 protocol revealed a significant decrease in technologist exposure time (99 minutes versus 51 minutes), which theoretically would reduce the chance of virus transmission to our technologist. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32374823 | The outbreak of COVID-2019 initiated at Wuhan, China has become a global threat by rapid transmission and severe fatalities. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32375144 | There is, to date, minimal, unconfirmed evidence of spontaneous vertical transmission, though it may theoretically be increased with some procedures. | 2020-05-06 |
| 32375197 | These articles could be classified into the topics “Modes and prevention of (ocular) transmission”, “Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19”, “Clinical guidance concerning ophthalmological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic”, and “Practical recommendations for clinical infrastructure”. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32375455 | Since the report of the first confirmed case in Daegu on February 18, 2020, local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea has continued. […] In this study, we aimed to identify the pattern of local transmission of COVID-19 using mathematical modeling and predict the epidemic size and the timing of the end of the spread. […] We modeled the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea by applying a mathematical model of transmission that factors in behavioral changes. […] We used the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data of daily confirmed cases in the country to estimate the nationwide and Daegu/Gyeongbuk area-specific transmission rates as well as behavioral change parameters using a least-squares method. […] We mathematically demonstrate that the relatively high per-capita rate of transmission and the low rate of changes in behavior have caused a large-scale transmission of COVID-19 in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area in Korea. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32375884 | Aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs) present risks to health care workers (HCW) due to airborne transmission of pathogens. […] Nasal endoscopy and nasal packing/epistaxis management can result in droplet transmission, but it is unknown if these procedures also carry the risk of airborne transmission. […] Tracheal procedures like tracheostomy and endotracheal suctioning can also result in airborne transmission via small virus containing aerosols. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32376317 | COVID-19 can severely affect pregnant women and the issue of vertical transmission of sars-cov-2 has also emerged. | 2020-05-10 |
| 32377018 | Human behaviour is central to transmission of SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and changing behaviour is crucial to preventing transmission in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions. […] Isolation and social distancing measures, including edicts to stay at home, have been brought into place across the globe to reduce transmission of the virus, but at a huge cost to individuals and society. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32377462 | Occupational health and safety are of paramount importance to minimize the risk of transmission to healthcare students and professionals and provide optimal care for patients. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32377486 | Although the chief focus is on minimizing transmission through prevention, combating infection, and saving lives by ramping up the development of treatment and vaccines, very little attention is on the critical issue of physician burnout, resident burnout, and the psychological well-being of HCW. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32377559 | An epidemic of extreme respiratory deterrence, pneumonia and shortness of breath, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and rapidly spread across China and beyond, with human to human transmission. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32377932 | Transmission of viruses from one species to another is not unusual in nature. […] In this perspective article, I recognize eight main types of trans-species viral transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32378460 | The UK Government’s advice for vulnerable people, including older adults, to move towards self-isolation and social distancing is likely to reduce rates of transmission, the risk of severe illness and the impact on the acute health services. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32378729 | Herewith, presented is the current state of knowledge on COVID-19: beginning from the virus, its transmission, and mechanisms of entry into the human body, through the pathological effects on the cellular level, up to immunological reaction, systemic and organ presentation. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32378762 | The concept was promoted by the World Health Organisation in 2008 as a public health measure to prevent transmission of influenza, and in various forms it can be identified in reference to epidemics going back hundreds of years. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32379015 | The countries that have already reported the peak of transmission are easing their preventive measures yet fearing a second wave of infection. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32379199 | The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infant (even very critical cases) to adult might be unlikely. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32379592 | Possible viral transmission to the nervous system may occur via circulation, an upper nasal transcribrial route and/or conjunctival route. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32379707 | We aimed to examine whether patients infected by community transmission had extended incubation periods than the early generation patients who had direct exposures to Wuhan. […] Patients who regularly lived in Wuhan and left to other locations before January 23, 2020 had the shortest posterior median value of 7.57 days for the incubation period, while the incubation periods for persons affected by local community transmission had the largest posterior median of incubation periods, 9.31 days. […] Our findings may imply the decreases of virulence of the COVID-19 virus along with intergenerational transmission. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32379731 | Congregate work and residential locations are at increased risk for infectious disease transmission including respiratory illness outbreaks. […] Methods to decrease transmission within the facility include worker symptom screening programs, policies to discourage working while experiencing symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and social distancing by workers. […] Mitigation efforts to reduce transmission in the community should also be considered. […] Many of these measures might also reduce asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission (3). | 2020-05-08 |
| 32379733 | By mid-March, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, had accelerated, with rapidly increasing case counts indicating established transmission in the United States. […] Ongoing traveler importation of SARS-CoV-2, attendance at professional and social events, introduction into facilities or settings prone to amplification, and challenges in virus detection all contributed to rapid acceleration of transmission during March. […] Because most of the population remains susceptible to infection, recognition of factors associated with amplified spread during the early acceleration period will help inform future decisions as locations in the United States scale back some components of mitigation and strengthen systems to detect a potential transmission resurgence. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32379909 | The virus can be transmitted from person to person, directly or indirectly, via the respiratory, oro-fecal and probably sexual routes.1 The eventual vertical transmission route is still poorly explored. […] However, mother-to-child SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the placenta probably does not occur, or likely occurs very rarely.2 All the studies conducted on COVID-19 pregnant women involved patients undergoing cesarean section, but the indications for such delivery modality were not clearly stated. | 2020-05-07 |
| 32380010 | We analyzed the climate temperature from various regions according to their current ongoing human-to-human transmission status. […] We studied 3 groups; Group 1, 10 provinces from China with majority of COVID-19 cases; Group 2, areas where continuous horizontal transmission outside of China had been reported; and group 3, areas where imported cases had been detected and no horizontal transmission had been documented after at least seven days since the first case was reported. […] The regions without ongoing human-to-human transmission showed significantly higher temperatures when compared to China and countries with ongoing human-to-human transmission, with over an 11-degree difference. […] The average rainfall during the study period was significantly higher in those regions without OHHT when compared to the Chinese provinces with ongoing human-to-human transmission and the regions with active transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Our findings show statistically significant differences between regions with ongoing human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 cases compared to those regions without horizontal transmission. | 2020-05-10 |
| 32380453 | There were many reports related to a live-animal and seafood market, supporting that the pathogens were transferred from animals to humans, rapidly evolving into transmission from human to human. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32381073 | The present pediatric case of COVID-19 was acquired through household transmission, and the symptoms were mild. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32381147 | No patient-HCW transmission was detected despite intensive surveillance. […] Our institution successfully utilized the strategy of an RSW over a 6-week period to contain a cluster of COVID-19 cases and to prevent patient-HCW transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32381375 | After the initial outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (now called COVID-19)-in Wuhan, China-and its subsequent fast dispersion throughout the world, many questions regarding its pathogenesis, genetic evolution, prevention, and transmission routes remain unanswered but fast explored. | 2020-05-10 |
| 32382001 | There did not appear to be vertical transmission from mother to child. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32382154 | The objective of a shield immunity strategy is to help to sustain the interactions necessary for the functioning of essential goods and services9 while reducing the probability of transmission. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32382259 | As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly through droplets, sneezes and aerosols, there is a high risk of transmission during dental procedures. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32382449 | We extended the susceptibles-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) transmission dynamics model by considering three quarantined compartments (SEIR+Q). | 2020-05-11 |
| 32382748 | Our review summarizes the current knowledge of pediatric clinical disease, role in transmission, risks for severe disease, protective immunity, as well as novel therapies and vaccine trials for children. […] We then define key hypotheses and areas for future research that can use the pediatric model of disease, transmission, and immunity to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for people of all age groups. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32383125 | These complementary randomized-controlled trials are innovatively designed and adequately powered to rapidly answer urgent questions regarding the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine to reduce virus transmission and disease severity of COVID-19 during a pandemic. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32383171 | We summarized the characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the transmission potential of asymptomatic cases. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32383520 | The recommendations are correctly based on caution given the lack of understanding of how COVID-19 compares to other viruses with regard to transmission and presence in CO2 during MIS. […] In this review we have investigated the available literature on COVID-19 transmission during MIS, address the implications of current and previously published recommendations and discuss steps to mitigate COVID-19 transmission during MIS for staff and patient safety. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32383532 | Airway providers have reflected on ways to mitigate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risks when approaching a surgical airway. […] The aim of the tracheostomy time-out is to reduce preventable errors that may increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32383638 | The prolonged persistence of virus RNA in various body fluids may guide the clinical diagnosis and prevention of onward virus transmission. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32384159 | We evaluated if interventions aimed at air travellers can delay local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission in a previously unaffected country. […] We simulated infected air travellers arriving into countries with no sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission or other introduction routes from affected regions. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32384228 | In order to restrict opportunities for transmission of Covid 19 between patients and the public, wards which previously were unlocked during the day are now locked at all times without use of mental health legislation. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32384377 | Concern for viral transmission necessitates the investigation of otologic procedures that use high-speed drilling instruments, including mastoidectomy, which we hypothesized to be an aerosol generating procedure. […] Mastoidectomy with a high-speed drill is an aerosol generating procedure, a designation that connotes the potential high risk of viral transmission and need for higher levels of personal protective equipment. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32384412 | To reduce risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission in the Radiology Department, this article describes measures to increase the preparedness of Radiology Department, such as careful screening of staff and patients, thorough disinfection of equipments and rooms, appropriate use of personal protection equipment, and early isolation of patients with incidentally detected computed tomography findings suspicious for COVID-19. | 2020-05-08 |
| 32385067 | We aimed to determine whether epidemic growth is globally associated with climate or public health interventions intended to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] We performed a prospective cohort study of all 144 geopolitical areas worldwide (375 609 cases) with at least 10 COVID-19 cases and local transmission by Mar. 20, 2020, excluding China, South Korea, Iran and Italy. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32385126 | However, the influence of socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 transmission, severity and outcomes is not yet known and is subject to scrutiny and investigation. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32385219 | It spreads through droplet transmission of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32385225 | Questions arise concerning the continuation of pregnancy, how to terminate the pregnancy, the possibility of virus transmission through the placenta, isolation of the newborn after birth, and breastfeeding. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32385569 | Surgical consensus guidelines are recommending caution in the use of laparoscopy for the theoretical possibility of viral transmission from aerosolization of tissue and peritoneal fluid during surgery. […] This study provides novel preliminary data in the investigation of COVID-19 transmission from laparoscopy-related aerosolization. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32386433 | However, despite our best efforts to mitigate viral transmission, many of our migraine patients may eventually be exposed to SARS-CoV2. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32386435 | 2)(1)(3)(4) This atypical symptom might lead to misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, and virus transmission, especially in countries where cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 has not been reported widely such as in Indonesia. | 2020-05-09 |
| 32386437 | Because of exponential growth, social distancing is a critical strategy to decrease transmission Thus, educational medical communities from many countries have transitioned to online didactics1 . | 2020-05-09 |
| 32386473 | The transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 make it difficult to adequately gauge and pinpoint risk groups with questionnaires at the time of hospital admission. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32386545 | By coupling our genomic data with domestic and international travel patterns, we show that early SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Connecticut was likely driven by domestic introductions. […] This study provides evidence of widespread sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the United States and highlights the critical need for local surveillance. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32386898 | Based on our models, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Michigan represent states where older ENTs may be the most susceptible to developing severe complications from nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 due to a combination of high COVID-19 case volumes and a high proportion of ENTs over 60 years. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32387384 | The aim of both measures was to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 in Mexico by lowering the effective contact rate. […] Using a modification of the Kermack-McKendrick SEIR model we explore the effect of behavioral changes required to lower community transmission by introducing a time-varying contact rate, and the consequences of disease spread in a population subject to suspension of non-essential activities. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32387564 | Due to extensive transmission, the genetic diversity of the virus in several countries recapitulates a large fraction of its worldwide genetic diversity. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32387617 | SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be a spillover of an animal coronavirus and later adapted the ability of human-to-human transmission. | 2020-05-24 |
| 32387756 | The novel coronavirus Covid-19 follows transmission route and clinical presentation of all community-acquired coronaviruses. […] Instead, the rate of transmission is significative higher, with a faster spread of the virus responsible of the worldwide outbreak and a significative higher mortality rate due to the development of a severe lung injury. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32387794 | Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, aggression arises with possible transgenerational transmission of trauma and violence. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32388083 | There are situations however that still require the undertaking of aerosol generating procedures (AGP) with potentially high exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2 transmission through droplet, contact and possibly airborne routes. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32388137 | Our results showed that higher mean temperatures and average relative humidity favored the COVID-19 transmission, differently from reports from coldest countries or periods of time under cool temperatures. […] Thus, prevention and protection measures should be adopted in these cities aiming to reduce transmission and the possible collapse of the health system. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32388138 | Even the common influenza virus has been shown to selectively increase in-person sociality during the 48-hour incubation period, thus producing an obvious vector for transmission. […] Here we hypothesize that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, which produces the COVID-19 disease may produce similar host manipulations that maximize its transmission between humans. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32388162 | Despite of their paramount importance, the transmission routes of SARS-Cov-2 still remain debated among various sectors. […] Besides using these environmental implications, social distancing and wearing a mask are strongly encouraged to maximize the fight against the COVID-19 airborne transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32388469 | In this article, SARS-CoV-2 and its disease COVID-19 will be reviewed with consideration of the latest literature about gastrointestinal symptomatology, the mechanisms by which the virus may inflict damage, and the possibility of viral replication contributing to a fecal-oral route of transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32388643 | According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two crucial actions can reduce the risk of person-to-person viral transmission: frequent hand washing and surface decontamination with specific environmental protection agency (EPA)-registered disinfectants. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32388698 | The first person-to-person transmission of the 2019-novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID-19 outbreaks outside Asia. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32388933 | The average number of contagiousness was 2.18 in shorted incubation period of 1-3 days (The average number of infected cases were 2.18 cases by the index case in a cluster epidemic), the average infection number in family members was 1.86, and the infection ratio of family member transmission was 85.32% (1.86/2.18). […] It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control to reduce the community transmission of COVID-19. 目的： 基于广州市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）聚集性疫情，分析新型冠状病毒的传染力和续发率，为COVID-19疫情防控的策略提供参考依据。 | 2020-05-10 |
| 32388934 | Under the circumstances, preparations for medical resources are in urgently needed. Methods: Based on current understanding of the disease, we set up five scenarios and use the infectious disease transmission dynamic and pandemic theoretical static models to evaluate the demand for medical resources. Results: Different epidemic strength and strategies of disease control and prevention resulted in different levels of medical resource request, and active control strategy and effective measures could significantly decrease the requirement. | 2020-05-10 |
| 32388948 | A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, time distribution, transmission mode, intergenerational interval and latent period transmission are analyzed. […] The age of local cases [(51.74±15.67) years old], female patients (69 cases, 53.5%), housework and retired staff (40 cases, 31.0%), and patients isolated at the time of onset (50 cases, 38.8%) were higher than imported cases, respectively[(40.66±15.41) years old, (45 cases, 38.8%), (21 cases, 18.1%), (17 cases, 14.6%)] (P values were < 0.05); The infection rate was 0.8% (31/3 666) in close contacts with local cases, which was lower than imported cases 2.0% (69/3 435) (P<0.001); The main source of infection in local cases was relatives (70 cases, 54.3%), and the main way of infection was living together and party (90 cases, 69.8%); the proportion of latent period transmission in our province was 15.5% (20 cases), and the interval between the second-generation case and the source of infection was about 4 days, and the interval between generations was about 6 days. […] In summary, the main way of infection of local cases in Shaanxi Province was living together and party, there were a certain proportion of latent period transmission cases at present, it’s suggested that the investigation of close contacts should be started 4 days or earlier before the onset of the case. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32389195 | As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads, weak health systems must not become a vehicle for transmission through poor infection prevention and control practices. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32389618 | Those patients are potential sources of infection via fecal-oral transmission for COVID-19. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32389849 | By comparing these two diseases, we found, COVID-19 has quicker and wider transmission, obvious family agglomeration, higher morbidity and mortality. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32389891 | The main route of transmission of the human coronaviruses (HCoVs), and presumably also of the new pandemic SARS-CoV-2, is via droplets and close contacts, however their fecal elimination also suggests the possible spread via water. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32390473 | Prisons are epicenters for COVID-19 transmission, including to the community. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32390691 | In addition to that, we compared transmission rates of Canada with Italy and USA. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32390692 | Finally, a brief discussion on conclusion about the simulation is given to describe how the transmission dynamics of infection take place in society. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32390786 | We study in this work a discrete mathematical model that describes the dynamics of transmission of the Corona virus between humans on the one hand and animals on the other hand in a region or in different regions. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32391022 | Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission, which has infected more than two million people worldwide. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32391240 | The improvement of medical care can also lead to about one-half transmission decrease and effectively shorten the duration of the 2019-nCoV. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32391308 | Our aim is to investigate the current COVID-19 epidemiological context in Sardinia region (Italy) and to estimate the transmission parameters using a stochastic model to establish the number of infected, recovered, and deceased people expected. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32391309 | Currently, more information is needed so as to further understand the transmission and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection and the infection control procedures required. […] The role of the eye in the transmission of 2019-nCoV is discussed in detail. […] Considering that close doctor-patient contact is quite common in ophthalmic practice and is apt to transmit human CoVs by droplets and fomites, strict hand hygiene and proper personal protection are highly recommended for health care workers to avoid hospital-related viral transmission during ophthalmic practice. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32391409 | The application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence, big data, and similar methodologies are potential tools to predict the extent of the spread and effectiveness of containment strategies to stem the transmission of this disease. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32391518 | One recent review reported that in a small number of cases, two PCR swabs of the placenta were sent in additional to neonatal and cord blood testing, and both placental PCR swabs were negative.1 Other studies have demonstrated the finding of SARS-CoV2 IgM in neonates born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy,2,3 findings that may indicate vertical transmission of the virus in utero. […] While there were no clinical signs of vertical transmission, our findings raise the possibility of intrapartum viral exposure. […] For those infants who were delivered vaginally, contamination with vaginal secretions is also a possible source, although prior studies on vaginal secretions have failed to demonstrate the presence of COVID-19.5,6Although all of our neonates tested negative in the first 5 days of life, many were born via cesarean deliveries with decreased length of exposure to these tissues, which may be associated with a decreased likelihood of vertical transmission. […] Additionally, nasopharyngeal testing immediately after delivery may not be the ideal approach to evaluate vertical transmission if exposure occurs at the time of delivery, as the virus may require a longer incubation period before these swabs convert to positive. […] In summary, the presence of viral RNA by RT-PCR in placenta/membranes at the time of delivery suggests the need for further research into the possibility of vertical transmission. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32391519 | There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths, or cases of vertical transmission. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32391651 | COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by the widespread transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. […] Others do not show any symptoms, but can still contribute to transmission of the virus. […] Aerosol generating procedures in dental health care can increase the risk of transmission of the virus. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32391660 | Emphasized to carry out a strict biosafety-risk assessment on biological specimen basing on virus load information, infectivity, and sample type (possible contact transmission, aerosol transmission, and fecal oral transmission). | 2020-05-12 |
| 32391661 | COVID-19 SEIR transmission dynamics model was established, which took transmission ability in latent period and tracking quarantine interventions into consideration. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32391670 | Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32391746 | Staff surveillance is crucial during the containment phase of a pandemic to help reduce potential healthcare-associated transmission and sustain good staff morale. […] During an outbreak of SARS-COV-2 with community transmission, our institution used an integrated strategy for early detection and containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers (HCWs). […] Two of the cases were linked epidemiologically and thus constituted a COVID-19 cluster with intrahospital HCW-HCW transmission; we also detected 1 family cluster and 2 clusters among HCWs who shared accommodation. […] No transmission to HCWs or patients was detected after containment measures were instituted. […] With ongoing local transmission, vigilance must be maintained for intrahospital spread in nonclinical areas where social mingling of HCWs occurs. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32391908 | This data should be included in epidemiological models of disease transmission to complement air traffic data and inform operational responses. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32391912 | Recent EACVI recommendations described the importance of limiting cardiovascular imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to reduce virus transmission, protect healthcare professionals from contamination, and reduce consumption of personal protective equipment. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32392125 | Our findings suggest hand shaking and face-to-face contact as possible modes of transmission. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32392331 | To illustrate the extent of transmission, identify affecting risk factors and estimate epidemiological modeling parameters of SARS-CoV-2 in household setting. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32392337 | We aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes and transmission dynamics for SARS-CoV-2, in order to inform clinical and public health measures. […] Severe cases are not reported in detail and there are little data relating to transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32392377 | To analyse case incidence, the latest values for indicators that could be associated with infection transmission rates were collected from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) and Quality Outcome Framework (QOF) sources. | 2020-05-11 |
| 32392880 | The first major outbreak in Europe occurred in Northern Italy where it spread to neighboring countries, notably to Austria, where skiing resorts served as a main transmission hub. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32393111 | Identifying the possible zoonotic emergence and the exact mechanism responsible for its initial transmission will help us to design and implement appropriate preventive barriers against the further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32393346 | Adequate personal protective equipment is needed to reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. […] No other studies provide direct epidemiological evidence of increased aerosolized transmission of viruses during otolaryngology procedures. […] Cough and normal breathing create aerosols which may increase the risk of transmission during outpatient procedures. […] A significant proportion of individuals infected with COVID-19 may not have symptoms, raising the likelihood of transmission of the disease to inadequately protected health care workers from patients who do not have probable or confirmed infection. […] Powered air purifying respirators, if used properly, provide a greater level of filtration than N95 masks and thus may reduce the risk of transmission. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32393381 | The main perceived mode of transmission was not maintaining protection when working at a close distance and having intimate contact with infected cases. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32393442 | The weakening of the interspecies transmission barrier between the animal and human interface has strengthened this fear. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32393595 | Children account for an estimated 1% to 5% of those diagnosed with COVID-19.1 Even so, pre-school-aged children, infants, and children with underlying health conditions may still be at risk for severe disease and complications.2 Unique aspects of COVID-19 presentation and course in children and possible vertical transmission to newborns from COVID-19-positive mothers are discussed. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32394052 | Most countries including India have announced some sort of lockdown to reduce the effects of COVID-19 and discontinue the transmission of novel coronavirus. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32394687 | Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential to prevent disease transmission and provide close clinical observation of patients with clinically severe disease. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32395017 | Stringent quarantines, city lockdowns, and local public health measures imposed in late January significantly decreased the virus transmission rate. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32395420 | First the unknown efficacy of pre-surgical risk stratification in COVID-19 positive patients, second the risk of aerosolized COVID-19 transmission during intubation for surgery, third the risk of fecal COVID-19 transmission to surgical staff during large bowel resection, and fourth the post-operative challenges of caring for COVID-19 positive patients. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32395541 | These many paradigmatic aspects include SARS-CoV-2 structure and peculiar biology of infection, high risk of inter-human transmission, long incubation time combined with early and sustained viral load, existence of asymptomatic or mildly-symptomatic carriers, viral shedding for days after symptom relief, unfavorable progression towards respiratory distress and death in up to 5-10% of patients thus causing dramatic healthcare challenges, as well as environmental contamination. […] Last but not least, the combination of the current case fatality rate with the extraordinary number of people that could be potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 would permit to estimate that the worldwide deaths for COVID-19 may even approximate those recorded during World War II if appropriate restrictive measures for preventing human-to-human transmission are not readily undertaken. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32395550 | The respiratory tract is the main route of transmission of the virus, and the majority of symptoms are respiratory relative. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32395673 | Given the high proportion of asymptomatic carriers and concerns regarding speed and availability of laboratory testing, novel detection strategies are necessary to supplement traditional screening methods and facilitate mitigation of viral transmission. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32396126 | First, as traditional epidemic models treat all individuals with coronavirus as having the same infection rate, an improved susceptible-infected (ISI) model is proposed to estimate the variety of the infection rates for analyzing the transmission laws and development trend. […] The experimental results on the epidemic data of several typical provinces and cities in China show that individuals with coronavirus have a higher infection rate within the third to eighth days after they were infected, which is more in line with the actual transmission laws of the epidemic. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32396455 | Neither procedure-related complications nor viral transmission to health care workers was observed. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32396516 | Public prevention and control measures, along with efforts from all sectors of society, were undertaken to control and eliminate disease transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32396601 | Relevant to orthodontics, human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs predominantly through the respiratory tract via droplets, secretions (cough, sneeze), and or direct contact, where the virus enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, and eyes. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32396710 | The genome sequencing demonstrated a 79.5% and 96.2% identity to SARS-CoV and a bat CoV genome, respectively, supporting the interspecies transmission and the origin of this new pandemia. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32396877 | Stringent infection control measures have been taken to minimise the transmission between individuals and healthcare workers, especially those undertaking aerosols generating medical procedures. […] The uncertainties surrounding infection transmission through breath tests in particular, and to some extent faecal testing, will invariably cause concerns among both the patients and the healthcare workers. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32397008 | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the manufacturing of novel devices to protect clinicians from the risk of transmission, including the aerosol box for use in intubation. | 2020-05-12 |
| 32397011 | SARS-CoV-2 showed virological mutations and more human transmission in Zhejiang province, indicating considerable epidemiological and clinical changes. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32397138 | Multiple reports of the avian influenza virus strains documented in the last two decades in swine in China, the United States, Canada, South Korea, Nigeria, and Egypt provided the evidence of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from birds to swine. […] Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32397487 | Saliva is a biofluid whose anatomical source and location is of particularly strategic relevance to COVID-19 transmission and monitoring. […] This review focuses on the role of saliva as both a foe (a common mode of viral transmission via salivary droplets and potentially aerosols) and a friend (as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for viral detection and immune status surveillance) in combating COVID-19. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32397515 | In conclusion, proactive border control measures are effective for preventing community transmission of this disease. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32397688 | To address this global crisis, up-to-date information on viral genomics and transcriptomics is crucial for understanding the origins and global dispersion of the virus, providing insights into viral pathogenicity, transmission, and epidemiology, and enabling strategies for therapeutic interventions, drug discovery, and vaccine development. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32397697 | Objective: To analyze of the transmission characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases in Chongqing and evaluate the infectivity of COVID-19 in the incubation period. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted by using unified questionnaire through field and telephone interviews among 129 close contacts of COVID-19 cases. […] The relationship of transmission was indicated by transmission chain, and the infectivity was analyzed by the contact history. Results: This cluster of COVID-19 cases occurred after a classmate party involving members in three families and work fellows in a factory (R(0)=3.8). […] The more confined the space is, the higher the risk is,and the longer the single exposure is, the higher the risk of transmission is. […] Indirect contact transmission still exists. 目的： 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）聚集疫情的传播特点，评价新型冠状病毒在潜伏期的传染性。 | 2020-05-13 |
| 32397698 | Objective: To investigate a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 after a mass gathering activity in Ningbo of Zhejiang province and analyze the transmission chain and status of infection cases of different generations. Methods: The tracking of all the close contacts of the first COVID-19 case and epidemiological investigation were conducted on January 29, 2020 after a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 related with a Buddhism rally on January 19 (the 1.19 rally) in Ningbo occurred. […] The main transmission routes included vehicle sharing and family transmission. Conclusion: It was a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 caused by a super spreader in a massive rally. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32397699 | According to the Tg calculated in this paper, the R(0) of COVID-19 in Ningbo was 3.06 (95%CI: 2.64 - 3.51); according to the reported case transmission interval of 7.5 days in the literature, the R(0) was 3.32 (95%CI: 2.51-9.38 ). Conclusion: There is no age and gender specific differences in the Tg of clusters of COVID-19 cases in Ningbo, and COVID-19 has high infectivity and spreading power in early phase. 目的： 描述新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）聚集性疫情病例的基本特征。 | 2020-05-13 |
| 32398137 | The importation of the cases owing to enormous international travels from the affected countries is the foremost reason for local cycle of transmission. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32398162 | With the number of COVID-19 cases now exceeding 2 million worldwide, it is apparent that (i) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is very high and (ii) there are large variations in disease severity, one component of which may be genetic variability in the response to the virus. […] In this mini-review, we highlight possible genetic determinants of COVID-19 and the contribution of aerosol exposure as a potentially important transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32398322 | Only a small fraction of neonates born to infected mother would acquire the virus by vertical transmission. […] Because a large proportion of children and adolescents may have asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection, children are likely to play an important role in community transmission of this infection. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32398569 | Four neonates (3 with pneumonia) have been reported to be SARS-CoV-2 positive despite strict infection control and prevention procedures during delivery and separation of mother and neonates, meaning vertical transmission could not be excluded. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32398624 | Factors this impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission include: (1) high viral loads in the mucosa of the oral and nasopharynx, (2) limited and/or imprecise disease screening/confirmation testing, (3) access to and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2020-05-13 |
| 32399354 | With increasing numbers of infected patients presenting daily, health care workers are struggling to take effective measures to protect themselves from transmission against the highly contagious coronavirus. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32399501 | This suggests social distancing measures can have an important impact on slowing transmission of emerging respiratory infections. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32399507 | We assessed the early COVID-19 transmission dynamics and the effect of social distancing interventions in Lima, Peru. […] We estimated the reproduction number, R, during the early transmission phase in Lima from the daily series of imported and autochthonous cases by the date of symptoms onset as of March 30th, 2020. […] We also assessed the effect of social distancing interventions in Lima by generating short-term forecasts grounded on the early transmission dynamics before interventions were put in place. […] While the interventions appear to have slowed the transmission rate in Lima, the number of new COVID-19 cases continue to accumulate, highlighting the need to strengthen social distancing and active case finding efforts to mitigate disease transmission in the region. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32400013 | In this case, the donor-derived transmission to the recipient was not identified, and the liver donor was found to be recovering from a COVID-19 infection. […] The donor-derived transmission was not identified. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32400044 | While elective cardiac surgeries have been postponed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and to reduce resource utilization, patients with urgent indications necessitating surgery may still be at risk of contracting the disease throughout their postoperative recovery. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32400087 | In this manuscript, we critically examine the available data on the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through organ transplantation. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32401085 | Key decisions from the pandemic response teams that help to minimise major disruptions in medical education and to control disease transmissions include: minimising inter-cluster cross contaminations and plans for segregation within and among cohorts; reshuffling academic calendars; postponing or restructuring assessments.Conclusions: While minimising the transmission of the pandemic outbreak within the healthcare establishments is paramount, medical education and research activities cannot come to a standstill each time there is a threat of one. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32401210 | Identified as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the number of cases grew rapidly by human-to-human transmission in Wuhan. […] Therefore, we recommend the following: (1) the most stringent centralized medical observation measures should be taken to avoid transmission in family clusters; and (2) social media can help these patients get early attention during Wuhan’s lockdown. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32401226 | Most of the reported cases focused specifically on the maternal outcomes and possible vertical transmission, but less attention has been paid to fetus as a patient in such pregnancies. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32401228 | Passing through the birthing canal is a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of vaginal and gut microorganisms for the vertical transmission of microbiota not only from our mothers and grandmothers but also from earlier ancestors. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32401360 | Community transmission of COVID-19 could overwhelm health care services, compromising delivery of cancer care. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32401373 | While the transmission of COVID 19 via human ex-haled droplets and direct contact is clear, the potential for aerosol transmission is a significant risk particularly for dental practices. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32401931 | Especially in dentistry, there is a growing concern due to it’s high virulence and routes of transmission through saliva aerosols. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32401959 | Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32402910 | Understanding the potential affecting factors involved in COVID-19 transmission will be of great significance in containing the spread of the epidemic. […] The AQI effect on the confirmed cases might be stronger in the temperature range of 10 °C ≤ T < 20 °C than in other temperature ranges, while the RR of COVID-19 transmission associated with AQI was higher in the relative humidity (RH) range of 10% ≤ RH < 20%. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32403141 | The aim of this study is to summarize currently available evidence on vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] However, without positive RT-PCR tests of amniotic fluid, placenta, or cord blood, there is a lack of virologic evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission. […] There is currently no direct evidence to support intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Additional RT-PCR tests on amniotic fluid, placenta, and cord blood are needed to ascertain the possibility of intrauterine vertical transmission. […] · No direct virologic evidence of vertical transmission has been reported.. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32403194 | We must also continue to aim for the same standard of care for our non-COVID respiratory patients, while minimizing risks of infection transmission to our colleagues. […] This commentary addresses the key paired issues of minimizing performance of diagnostic/staging bronchoscopy in patients with suspected/known lung cancer while maximizing the safety of the procedure with respect to HCW transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-05-13 |
| 32403261 | Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32404302 | The transmission of the disease poses a risk to both patients and healthcare workers. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32404416 | Speech droplets generated by asymptomatic carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are increasingly considered to be a likely mode of disease transmission. […] These observations confirm that there is a substantial probability that normal speaking causes airborne virus transmission in confined environments. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32404436 | However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32404623 | Surgical procedures involving the nasal, oral, or pharyngeal mucosa carry a high risk of transmission due to aerosolization of the virus which is known to be in high concentration in these areas. […] Intraoperative exposure to high viral loads through aerosolization carries a very high risk of transmission, and the severity of the disease contracted in this manner is worse than that transmitted through regular community transmission. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32404668 | : There is a long history of personal protective equipment (PPE) used by the surgeon to minimize the transmission of various pathogens. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32404711 | As the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as “global pandemic,” it is important for everyone, including nuclear medicine personnel, to know how to stop transmission, contain, and prevent the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32405028 | The robust SARS-CoV-2 replication in human intestinal organoids suggests that the human intestinal tract might be a transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32405103 | We estimated the excess number of deaths over 1 year under different COVID-19 incidence scenarios based on varying levels of transmission suppression and differing mortality impacts based on different relative risks for the disease. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32405115 | In addition, this population are potential vectors of transmission. […] Addiction care must be reinforced, instead of postponed, in order to avoid complications of both SUD and COVID-19 and to prevent the transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32405152 | The infection is highly contagious with disease transmission reported from asymptomatic carriers, including children. […] This should help increase awareness, reinforce infection control and prevent cross-transmission within the orthodontic facility. […] A comprehensive literature review of English and non-English articles was performed in March, 2020 using (CORD-19 2020) dataset, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to search for infection control and disease transmission in orthodontics. […] Although no cases of COVID-19 cross-transmission within a dental facility have been reported, the risk exists and the disease is still emerging. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32405164 | Three weeks later, the World Health Organization declared that 2019-nCoV was capable of direct human-to-human transmission, the virus had spread across several countries in three continents, and had infected close to two thousand people, of whom at least 1 in 5 quite severely. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32405183 | Although viral RNA can be detected in stool, it is unclear whether fecal-oral transmission can be achieved by the virus. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32405236 | This is a discussion and comparison of the virus structures, transmission characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathological changes, treatment and prevention of the two kinds of viruses, CoVs and IAVs. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32405329 | Although person-to-person transmission of the etiologic agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been confirmed, it is not known whether COVID-19 may be transmitted by blood transfusion. […] Several cases in which specific viral RNA could be detected in the serum from patients with COVID-19 have already been reported; these findings suggest that blood donation may be an unexplored route of transmission. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32405641 | The transmission of the disease poses a risk to both patients and healthcare workers. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32405905 | Although participants’ overall knowledge score was high, only about half of the participants knew about the concept of quarantine and the ideal distance to be maintained between individuals to prevent the transmission. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32406084 | Goals for these policies and waivers include to increase capacity, enhance workforce and capability, improve oversight and transparency, prevent COVID-19 transmission and reduce provider burden. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32406140 | Necessary precautions to prevent person-to-person transmission should be employed in clinical practice throughout the pandemic, and patients should be reminded to maintain good hygiene practices. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32406305 | Herein, we cover the background of COVID-19, presentation, investigations, transmission, infection control and touch upon emerging treatments. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32406395 | Motivated by this, in this article, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a quarantine class and governmental intervention measures to mitigate disease transmission. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32406606 | Respiratory droplets and contaction with infected patients are the two major transmission routes. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32406852 | The vast majority were aware of the main symptoms, mode of transmission, high risk groups, and aware of how to use personal protective equipment. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32407299 | The threat of introduction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into the United States with the potential for community transmission prompted U.S. federal officials in February 2020 to screen travelers from China, and later Iran, and collect and transmit their demographic and contact information to states for follow-up. […] Effectiveness of COVID-19 screening and monitoring in travelers to California was limited by incomplete traveler information received by federal officials and transmitted to states, the number of travelers needing follow-up, and the potential for presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32407301 | Thus, high rates of COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities also have the potential to influence broader community transmission. […] Administrators had awareness and overall understanding of CDC guidance for prevention of transmission in these facilities but reported challenges in implementation, related to limited space to quarantine close contacts of COVID-19 patients and inability of incarcerated and detained persons to engage in social distancing, particularly in dormitory-style housing. […] CMAR was a useful tool that helped state and federal public health officials assist multiple correctional and detention facilities to better manage COVID-19 patients and guide control activities to prevent or mitigate transmission. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32407303 | The 2.5-hour singing practice provided several opportunities for droplet and fomite transmission, including members sitting close to one another, sharing snacks, and stacking chairs at the end of the practice. […] The act of singing, itself, might have contributed to transmission through emission of aerosols, which is affected by loudness of vocalization (1). […] These data demonstrate the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and the possibility of superemitters contributing to broad transmission in certain unique activities and circumstances. […] It is recommended that persons avoid face-to-face contact with others, not gather in groups, avoid crowded places, maintain physical distancing of at least 6 feet to reduce transmission, and wear cloth face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32407306 | The objective of this report is to provide an estimate of all-cause excess deaths that have occurred in NYC in the setting of widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32407507 | Finally, our phylogeographic investigations highlighted notable South-North transmission as well as frequent long-distance dispersal events in China that could implicate human-mediated transmission. […] Coronaviruses (CoVs) exhibit a pronounced propensity for interspecies transmission as illustrated by important emerging viruses in humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS)-CoV, as well as the recent SARS-CoV-2 that is causing a major human pandemic. […] A better understanding of the evolutionary process leading to viral emergence may help unravel the principles of cross-species transmission and therefore assist in preventing future introductions into new host populations. […] Our study provides a deeper understanding of the geographic dispersal of genetic lineages of PDCoV in China and suggests that southern China acted as a source of transmission. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32407799 | The impact of COVID-19 on surgical practice is widespread ranging from workforce and staffing issues, procedural prioritisation, viral transmission risk intraoperatively, changes to perioperative practice and ways of working alongside the impact on surgical education and training. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32407826 | COVID-19 is characterized by risk of nosocomial transmission; however, the extent of environmental contamination and its potential contribution of environmental contamination to SARS-CoV-2 transmission are poorly understood. […] This study aimed to investigate whether environmental contamination may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Most of the touchable surfaces in the designated hospital for COVID-19 were heavily contaminated, suggesting that the environment is a potential medium of disease transmission. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32407893 | The transmission of COVID-19 is about to come under control within China, however, an emerging challenge to the Chinese authorities is reverse transmission due to COVID-19 patients/carriers evacuating from overseas to China. […] Blocking the reverse transmission of COVID-19 is critical in preventing a secondary outbreak of COVID-19. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32408041 | While the majority of the cases were recorded from Western countries, where mortality rates were strongly positively correlated with age, the number of cases in tropical regions was relatively lower than European and North American regions, possibly attributed to faster human-to-human transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32408119 | All COVID-19 cases were linked to foreign visits with few local transmissions to close contacts without community transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32408337 | The evidence suggests that these are instances of human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32408338 | Transmission via fomites in soiled cages was less efficient. | 2020-05-14 |
| 32408450 | Both epidemiological and laboratory studies have shown that ambient temperature could affect the transmission and survival of coronaviruses. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32408528 | Public understanding, including knowledge about signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, and hygiene of COVID-19, is vital for designing effective control strategies during a public health crisis. […] Questions were focused on the prevention, transmission, clinical features, and control of COVID-19. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32408730 | Patients receiving hemodialysis are more vulnerable to viral transmission because their immune functions are impaired and they receive treatment within a narrow space. […] This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within hemodialysis facilities, which were developed to protect patients, healthcare workers, and caregivers from this highly transmissible virus. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32408753 | SARS-CoV-2 has human-to-human transmission ability and universally contagious to all populations. […] The main transmission patterns are respiratory droplets transmission and contact transmission. […] A prospective cohort study was conducted to show the efficacy of our protocol to prevent transmission to health-care providers from March 11, 2020 through April 14, 2020. […] According to our proposed protocol, we were able to provide care for all patients in clinic, hospital, emergent, intensive, and surgical settings with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by symptomatology and post evaluation testing. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32408776 | The results of the systematic review of the existing literature are presented in the following nine sections: Symptoms of the COVID-19 in pregnancy, Pregnancy management, Delivery Management, Mode of delivery, Recommendations for health care provider in delivery, Neonatal outcomes, Neonatal care, Vertical Transmission, Breastfeeding. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32408845 | Results - Transmission of infectious viruses from patient to surgeon during surgery is possible, but does not appear to be a considerable problem in clinical practice. […] Due to the lack of studies and reports, the possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patient to surgeon during droplet- and aerosol-generating procedures is unknown.Interpretation - Surgical masks should be used only in combination with a widely covering visor and when a respirator (N95, FFP2, P3) is not made available. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32408911 | In the current absence of a vaccine for COVID-19, public health responses aim to break the chain of infection by focusing on the mode of transmission. […] We reviewed the current evidence on the transmission dynamics and on pathogenic and clinical features of COVID-19 to critically identify any gaps in the current infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines. […] We extracted information related to COVID-19 transmission dynamics, clinical presentations, and exposures that may facilitate transmission. […] Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings occurs through droplets, aerosols, and the oral-fecal or fecal-droplet route. […] However, the IPC guidelines fail to cover all transmission modes, and the recommendations also conflict with each other. […] IPC strategies should consider all the possible routes of transmission and should target all patient care activities involving risk of person-to-person transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32409192 | We review measures taken to decrease risk of transmission and improve screening for infection in older adults. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32409243 | Minimize exposure to the SARS-CoV-2, reduce the chances of cross-transmission between patients and healthcare personnel, and prevent the development of postoperative complications from the management of patients with eye diseases during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). | 2020-05-17 |
| 32409328 | The study provided very low-certainty evidence that it reduced the risk of transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32409432 | Cleveland Clinic recognized the importance of mitigating community transmission of COVID-19 by keeping people at home. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32410333 | Transmission of the virus (SARS-CoV-2) is via direct contact or via droplets spread by a cough or sneeze from an infected individual. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32410912 | Brachytherapy provides an opportunity for the patients and the physicians during the COVID-19 outbreak; it can retain the patient’s chance for treatment while limiting the chance of exposure and transmission of infection. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32411271 | On 23rd March 2020 the UK government released self-isolation guidance to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-Cov-2. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32411315 | Since nosocomial transmission of respiratory pathogens is a major threat in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, use of nebulised therapy is of even greater concern due to the potential increased risk of infection spread to nearby patients and health-care workers. […] Protocols that include strategies to allow flexibility in using MDIs rather than nebulisers in all but the most severe patients should help mitigate this risk of aerosolised infection transmission to patients and health care providers. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32411396 | Despite diverse societal measures to reduce transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, such as implementing social distancing, quarantine, curfews and total lockdowns, its control remains challenging. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32412064 | Differential geographic accessibility to testing can recapitulate healthcare disparities and bias transmission estimates. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32412120 | Local transmission has followed a geometric progression [2]. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32412403 | Although SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the conjunctival secretions or tears of patients with COVID-19 and conjunctivitis, transmission of infection through respiratory droplets to ophthalmologists without eye protection or masks may be the bigger concern. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32412415 | At the present time, studies assessing within country spread or transmission clusters should be considered preliminary at best, or hypothesis generating. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32412416 | In early 2020, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged and spread by community and nosocomial transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32412512 | To analyze data on the first 1,510 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and to describe the geographical distribution of the disease and its transmission dynamics. […] Description of the first COVID-19 cases with real-time RT-PCR-positive test, as well as evaluation of epidemiological measures, cumulative incidence, rate of transmission, and mortality and lethality rates during the first month of the epidemic. […] In Mexico, social distancing is being applied, but studies are still required on the dynamics of the epidemic, person-to-person transmission, incidence of subclinical infections, and patient survival. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32412918 | Researchers have been examining human-to-human transmission, the possibility of an intermediate host between bats and humans, and the existence of asymptomatic cases. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32413909 | For medical professionals in hospitals, it is nearly impossible to abide by the rules of social distancing to prevent coronavirus transmission. […] Most errors occurred during first-time participation and concerned audio transmission. […] Virtual boards for medical staff can be implemented with minimal effort und standard technical gear to slow down the transmission of coronavirus among medical professionals in the hospital setting. | 2020-05-15 |
| 32414076 | Little evidence of genetic mixing between the spatially segregated lineages was found, suggesting that BCoV genetic diversity is a result of a global transmission pathway that occurred during the last century. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32414407 | In Hong Kong, clinicians and other healthcare personnel collaborated closely to combat the outbreak of COVID-19 and minimize the cross-transmission of disease among hospital staff members. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32414708 | The key to minimizing risk of disease transmission during this aerosol-generating procedure is careful preparation, which includes having necessary equipment and medications on hand as well as an experienced intubation team who can troubleshoot any unforeseen complications. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32414996 | The long incubation period, high infectious rate, varied manifestation, and absence of effective treatment make it difficult to manage the disease transmission. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32415348 | The COVID-19 infection is an aggressive viral illness with high risk of transmission during otolaryngology examination and surgery. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32415422 | Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities house thousands of undocumented immigrants in environments discordant with the public health recommendations to reduce the transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). […] Using ICE detainee population data obtained from the ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) website as of March 2, 2020, we implemented a simple stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model to estimate the rate of COVID-19 transmission within 111 ICE detention facilities and then examined impacts on regional hospital intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. […] Models considered three scenarios of transmission (optimistic, moderate, pessimistic) over 30-, 60-, and 90-day time horizons across a range of facility sizes. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32415519 | Use can be made of medical students in the transmission of accurate information during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Measures therefore need to be taken concerning the transmission of up to date and accurate information to medical students. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32415548 | Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. […] Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. […] Also, SARS-COV-2 transmission through food, food packages, and food handlers has not been identified as a risk factor for the disease. […] There have been no reports of SARS-COV-2 transmission by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32415723 | Specific decisions regarding therapy of haematological malignancies will need to be individualised, based on disease risk, risks of immunosuppression, rates of community transmission of COVID-19 and available local healthcare resources. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32415733 | The COVID-19 outbreak is unique in its rapid transmission and results in heavy stress for the front-line health care workers (HCWs). | 2020-05-16 |
| 32415753 | Procedures were categorized into low-risk, moderate risk, and high-risk based on the likelihood of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from the patient to the treating physician or therapist. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32415918 | This study aimed to explore influences on hygienic practices, a set of key transmission behaviours, in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change (Michie et al., 2011). […] Interventions should focus on increasing and maintaining motivation to act and include elements that promote and maintain social support and knowledge of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-05-16 |
| 32416146 | Hubei province in China has completed cycle of quarantine-resumption in 23rd Janauary and 8th April 2020, providing a unique opportunity as for now to assess its intervention impact and the pattern of SARS-COV-2 transmission during the quarantine period. […] In this study, we evaluate the impact of the metropolitan-wide quarantine on the trend and transmission route of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China. […] Household transmission is the dominant route of disease spread regardless of quarantine. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32416357 | The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. […] Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32416374 | Airborne transmission is a pathway of contagion that is still not sufficiently investigated despite the evidence in the scientific literature of the role it can play in the context of an epidemic. […] While the medical research area dedicates efforts to find cures and remedies to counteract the effects of a virus, the engineering area is involved in providing risk assessments in indoor environments by simulating the airborne transmission of the virus during an epidemic. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32416534 | Most importantly, habitual indoor burning of incense which is the major source of coarse (PM10; aerodynamic diameter <10 μm) and fine (PM2.5; aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) particulate matters (PM) could facilitate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus droplets and particles in indoor environments. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32416535 | This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32417195 | The “Covid-minimal surgery pathway” is a predetermined patient flow, that dictates the locations, personnel and materials that come in contact with our cancer surgery population, designed to minimize risk for virus transmission. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32417248 | Later a cytopathic effect on the cell monolayers currently used for respiratory viruses was observed and the viral particles were identified as Coronaviridae by transmission electron microscopy. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32417675 | We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyse the disease characterisation in paediatric age group including the possibility of vertical transmission to the neonates. […] Vertical transmission and virus shedding in breast milk are yet to be established. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32417701 | The main route of transmission of SARS-CoV2 is through respiratory secretions and direct contact with contaminated surfaces and material. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32417744 | Even though Zhejiang was one of the worst-affected provinces, an interruption of disease transmission (i.e. instantaneous reproduction numbers <1) was observed in early/mid-February after a comprehensive set of interventions combating the outbreak. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32417768 | At this very moment countries like China, Italy, France, Spain, Iran, UK and many others are witnessing sustained and intensive community transmission of this virus and increasing numbers of severe disease and death particularly among elderly patients with other comorbidities. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32417802 | The rate of rapid dissemination, magnitude of viral contagiousness, person to person transmission at an asymptomatic phase of illness pose a unique and dangerous challenge for all patients, including neonatal and obstetric patients. […] Although scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, nature of transmission, and efficacy of mitigation strategies grow, neither a cure or vaccine have been developed. […] Case reports of pregnant patients demonstrate a clinical presentation comparable to non-pregnant adults, but evidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is controversial. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32418028 | Synthesis of these reports, concerning the postoperative outcomes of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the perioperative period, suggested a 14/51 (27.5%) postoperative mortality rate and severe mostly pulmonic complications, as well as medical staff exposure and transmission. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32418146 | Main themes encompassed testing strategies and results (n = 4), changes in use of current therapeutics (n = 3), preventive measurements of transmission and management of COVID-19 (n = 3), and changes in standard clinical care (n = 3). | 2020-05-20 |
| 32418213 | It is eminently clear that reducing or discontinuing elective procedures and essential ART treatments was crucial not only to enable hospitals and medical facilities to manage (or to treat) the explosive rise in SARS-CoV-2 patients, but also to reduce disease transmission vis-à-vis various mitigating strategies-especially individual isolation and social distancing, strategies utilized effectively in China and Italy. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32418216 | Our analysis may contribute to determine the spectrum of disease in children, as well as to develop strategies to control the disease transmission. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32418307 | In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 can present with gastrointestinal complaints suggesting possible faeco-oral transmission. […] Data were extracted concerning the type of test, number and timing of positive samples, incidence of positive faecal tests after negative nasopharyngeal swabs and evidence of viable faecal virus or faeco-oral transmission of the virus. […] Further research is needed to confirm if this virus is viable and the degree of transmission through the faeco-oral route. | 2020-05-17 |
| 32418481 | Public health response includes a rapid reorganization of the Italian National Healthcare System in order to reduce transmission of COVID-19 within hospitals and healthcare facilities, while optimizing the assistance to patients with severe COVID-19 complications. […] Containment measures in the event of pandemic due to infective agents should be well known by healthcare professionals and promptly applied in order to mitigate the risk of nosocomial transmission and outbreak. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32418559 | Automated data analytics of routinely collected surveillance data are a valuable monitoring tool for the COVID-19 pandemic and may be useful for calibrating transmission dynamics models. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32418711 | The risk of vertical transmission during vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant patients is currently a topic of debate. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32418804 | The purpose of testing for any communicable disease is to support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of individual patients and to describe transmission dynamics. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32419401 | When an emergency-care patient is diagnosed with an emerging infectious disease, hospitals in Korea may temporarily close their emergency departments (EDs) to prevent nosocomial transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32419544 | The predominant mode of transmission is via droplet spread, when the infected person coughs, sneezes or talks the virus is released in the respiratory secretions. […] As there are only a few cases of COVID 19 in neonates, there is no convincing evidence to support the possibility of vertical transmission. […] Since there is no approved treatment or drug for this disease, prevention of infection and breaking the chain of transmission plays a crucial role. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32419694 | The preadmission diagnosis of COVID-19 in this patient enabled appropriate management and isolation to prevent nosocomial transmission. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32419769 | More specifically, emphasis on deploying more mobile radiographic units, segregating equipment, developing consistent image acquisition workflows, and strict adherence to infection control protocols are paramount to minimize the possibility of in-hospital transmission and ensure a safe environment for both patients and staff. […] To date, there have been zero incidences of radiographer healthcare worker transmission within our institution during the course of work. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32419771 | SARS-CoV-2 has a high transmission rate, the route of transmission between humans is through the secretions of infected people, hands or contaminated objects. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32419887 | The pandemic involving COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, due to its severe symptoms and high transmission rate, has gone on to pose a control challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32420674 | In order to be better equipped to anticipate transmission of this virus to new regions, it is imperative to track the progress of the virus over time. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32420863 | It is known that transmission from person to person is the most important way to spread. […] Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32420953 | With specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, health authorities still adopt “classical” preventive interventions, namely workplace social distancing measures and quarantine, to reduce the transmission of the disease. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32421089 | Based on principles of the Theory of Constraints, we propose in this article the “Shutting-down Transmission Of Pandemic” (STOP Covid-19) plan that would reliably contain the pandemic, mitigate its economic consequences, and boost societal confidence. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32421494 | Confirmation of infectious virus in feces affirms the potential for fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission and warrants further study. | 2020-05-18 |
| 32421541 | It has caused outbreaks of illness due to person-to-person transmission of the virus mainly via close contacts and droplets produced by an infected person’s cough or sneeze. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32421686 | We identified eight topics, namely, actions and recommendations, fighting misinformation, information and knowledge, healthcare system, symptoms and illness, immunity, testing, and infection and transmission. […] The remaining tweets discussed information about symptoms associated with COVID-19 (8%), immunity (7%), testing (6%), and virus infection and transmission (5%). | 2020-05-18 |
| 32422057 | Care must be taken in interpreting RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection-particularly early in the course of infection-when using these results as a basis for removing precautions intended to prevent onward transmission. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32422180 | COVID-19 provides unique challenges for tracheostomy care: health-care workers need to safely undertake tracheostomy procedures and manage patients afterwards, minimising risks of nosocomial transmission and compromises in the quality of care. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32422201 | An outbreak in Bavaria, Germany, starting at the end of January, 2020, provided the opportunity to study transmission events, incubation period, and secondary attack rates. […] Whole genome sequencing was used to confirm epidemiological links and clarify transmission events where contact histories were ambiguous; integration with epidemiological data enabled precise reconstruction of exposure events and incubation periods. […] Patient 0 was a Chinese resident who visited Germany for professional reasons. 16 subsequent cases, often with mild and non-specific symptoms, emerged in four transmission generations. […] Transmission events were likely to have occurred presymptomatically for one case (possibly five more), at the day of symptom onset for four cases (possibly five more), and the remainder after the day of symptom onset or unknown. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32422375 | The current global propagation of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, with slow transmission continuing in many countries, and exponential propagation in others, in which the time that took to begin this explosive spread varies greatly. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32422545 | To review the neurological aspects of SARS-cov2 and other coronavirus, including transmission pathways, mechanisms of invasion into the nervous system, and mechanisms of neurological disease. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32422693 | In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, teledermatology is being favored over in-person consultation in order to avoid the possibility of virus transmission1 . | 2020-05-18 |
| 32423283 | The primary mode of viral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is thought to occur through the spread of respiratory droplets. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32423299 | In cases where DFL is required, in patients with COVID-19 positivity or unknown COVID-19 status, we describe the use of a modified endoscopy face mask as an adjunct to personal protection equipment to reduce occupational transmission of COVID-19 while performing DFL. […] Our modified endoscopy mask provides an additional barrier against the transmission of airborne pathogens. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32423338 | We present a new and effective method for the study of small-particle aerosols as a step toward better understanding the spread of these particles and the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32423700 | We here report a case of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Japan in which the initial throat swab polymerase chain reaction result was negative The possibility of false-negative results in the early phase of disease suggest reconsideration of the feasibility of a community or national infection control framework to prevent transmission. […] Further rapid accumulation of knowledge including incubation period, clinical course and types of transmission is warranted to control this outbreak. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32423996 | Preliminary evidence suggests that climate may modulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32424327 | SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients’ conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32424329 | Therefore, possibility of ocular transmission should be considered even in the absence of ocular manifestations. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32425001 | The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. […] Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. […] Understanding the significance of aerosol transmission and its implications in dentistry can facilitate the identification and correction of negligence in daily dental practice. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32425007 | Person-to-person transmission and familial clustering have been reported (Chan et al., 2020; Nishiura et al., 2020; Phan et al., 2020). | 2020-05-20 |
| 32425244 | Since COVID-19 symptoms are aspecific and may resemble a common cold, if it should come back with a seasonal pattern and coincide with the influenza season, this would be particularly challenging, overwhelming and straining the healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited contexts, and would increase the likelihood of nosocomial transmission. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32425279 | This review summarizes the emergence of SeACoV and updates the research progress made from 2017 to early 2020, mainly focusing on the etiology, epidemiology, evolutionary perspective, potential for interspecies transmission, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32425485 | Measures to reduce the transmission of the virus through hygiene and social distancing are necessary, attending to biopsychosocial health of the elderly isolated. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32425486 | A bibliographic search was conducted in the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and WOS main databases, with no date limit and using the keywords “transmission”, “infection”, “contagious”, “spreads”, “coronavirinae”, “coronavirus”, “COVID 19”, “sars cov 2”, “nurses” and “nursing”. […] Patterns of case transmission, contacts and associated factors were identified. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32425489 | The recommendations were grouped into 9 subjects: Prevention of infection in pregnant women, Prevention of infection in health care personnel attending pregnant women, Form of presentation and severity in pregnant women, Maternal-fetal transmission (vertical and perinatal), Maternal-fetal control of the pregnant woman infected with COVID-19, Control of the severely pregnant woman with COVID-19, Treatment of the pregnant woman with COVID-19, Management and route of termination of labor, Neonatal outcomes in women with COVID-19 and Breastfeeding. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32425491 | The purpose of this review is to study the most relevant and current information on the pathogen, as well as epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, transmission, prevention, and treatment of the disease. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32425637 | To clarify changes in the implementation of personal protective measures among ordinary Japanese citizens from the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak to the community transmission phase. […] The prevalence of 3 of the 5 personal protective measures significantly improved in the community transmission phase compared to the early phase. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32425658 | To model the effects of continuous, intermittent, and stepping-down social distancing (SD) strategies and personal protection measures on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32425663 | While SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread rapidly worldwide, data remains scarce about the natural history of infection in pregnant women and the risk of mother-to-fetal transmission. […] Published reports to date suggest that perinatal transmission of SARSCoV- 2 can occur but is rare. […] Among 179 newborns tested for SARS-CoV2 at birth from mothers with COVID-19, transmission was suspected in 8 cases, 5 with positive nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and 3 with SARS-CoV-2 IgM. […] Welldesigned prospective cohort studies with rigorous judgement criteria are needed to determine the incidence and risk factors for perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32425714 | In addition there has been concerns regarding the safety of laparoscopic surgery and risk of transmission of COVID-19.1,2 As a result laparoscopic surgeons are at risk of skill deterioration and it is uncertain whether this may impact on patient safety when lockdown measures are de-escalated. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32426285 | In accordance with the measures adopted by the Italian government to limit viral transmission, several associations of Italian oncologists have taken action to update Elderly Cancer Care programs. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32426529 | Shelter-in-place orders may reduce strain on healthcare systems by diminishing hospital admissions from trauma, in addition to reducing virus transmission. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32426755 | Social distancing as a technique to limit transmission of infectious disease has come into common parlance following the arrival and rapid spread of a novel coronavirus disease around the world in 2019 and 2020. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32427171 | Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation may be associated with higher risk of nosocomial transmission. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32427202 | Uncertainty around the role ‘super-spreaders’ play in the transmission and escalation of infectious disease is compounded by its broad and vague definition. […] Another is that it can detract from scientific investigation of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32427205 | Understanding the early transmission dynamics of diseases and estimation of the effectiveness of control policies play inevitable roles in the prevention of epidemic diseases. […] A mathematical model of severe SARS-CoV-2 transmission based on Wuhan’s data is considered in this study. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32427227 | The facial covering effect on reducing the airborne transmission of the cough droplets has also been evaluated. […] With the complex environmental wind and RH conditions, the 6-feet social distancing policy may not be sufficient to protect the inter-person aerosol transmission, since the suspending micro-droplets were influenced by convection effects and can be transported from the human coughs/sneezes to the other human in less than 5 s. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32427569 | HCWs could play a critical role in transmission and might jeopardize the health of both their patients and their own family members. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32427744 | The following document, requested by the American Balance Society, collates the current information about the virus, including transmission from asymptomatic carriers, decontamination and other safety protocols, and provides a return to work guidance for clinicians caring for this population of patients, promoting provider, patient and staff safety. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32428031 | There is limited evidence of work-related transmission in the emerging coronaviral pandemic. […] We aimed to identify high-risk occupations for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) local transmission. […] Possible work-related transmission played a substantial role in early outbreak (47.7% of early cases). […] Work-related transmission is considerable in early COVID-19 outbreaks, and the elevated risk of infection was not limited to HCW. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32428085 | The virus is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with infected secretions, and therefore the dental office is a highly susceptible environment for such transmission. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32428112 | Despite the lack of scientific evidence regarding the potential for viral transmission to their fetus in pregnant mothers diagnosed with or suspected of COVID-19, it is important to elaborate the lines of care by specialists from hospitals caring for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases to guide multidisciplinary teams and families diagnosed with the disease or involved in the care of pregnant women and newborns in this context. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32428286 | Controlling infections during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (GI endoscopy) and ERCP is important to prevent the transmission of infection among and through medical staff. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32428372 | Until an effective treatment or a vaccine is developed, the current recommendations are to contain the disease, and control its transmission. […] It is now clear that the primary mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is aerosol/droplet spread, and by contacting virus contaminated surfaces acting as fomites (inanimate vectors). […] Therefore, several organizations and specialty associations have proposed guidelines and recommendations for limiting the transmission of SARS-COV-2 from carriers to dentists and vice versa. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32428385 | To describe and discuss a systematic method for producing a very rapid response (3 days) to a UK government policy question in the context of reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-05-19 |
| 32429450 | A transmission dynamics model fitted to the cumulative case time series data permits us to estimate the effectiveness of interventions implemented in terms of the contact rate, probability of transmission per contact, proportion of isolated contacts, and detection rate. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32429786 | The overall proportions of vertical transmission, still birth, and neonatal death were zero, 0.002, and, 0.002, respectively (p = 1, p = .86, and p = .89, respectively). […] A natural history of COVID-19 pneumonia in the adult population was presented, as well.Conclusion: Currently, no evidence of vertical transmission has been suggested at least in late pregnancy. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32430840 | We employed a multivariate prediction model, based on up-to-date transmission and clinical parameters, to simulate outbreak trajectories in 16 countries, from diverse regions and economic categories. […] We found that dynamic cycles of 50-day mitigation followed by a 30-day relaxation reduced transmission, however, were unsuccessful in lowering ICU hospitalizations below manageable limits. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32430957 | For the research strategy, combinations of the following keywords and MeSH terms were used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, pregnancy, gestation, maternal, mothers, vertical transmission, maternal-fetal transmission, intrauterine transmission, neonates, infant, delivery. […] Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID-19 in pregnancy, there are insufficient good-quality data to draw unbiased conclusions with regard to the severity of the disease or specific complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women, as well as vertical transmission, perinatal and neonatal complications. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32430964 | Many countries have closed schools and kindergartens to minimise COVID-19, but the role that children play in disease transmission is unclear. […] A systematic literature review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and medRxiv/bioRxiv preprint servers to 11 May 2020 identified published and unpublished papers on COVID-19 transmission by children. […] Data on viral loads were scarce, but indicated that children may have lower levels than adults, partly because they often have fewer symptoms, and this should decrease the transmission risk. […] Household transmission studies showed that children were rarely the index case and case studies suggested that children with COVID-19 seldom caused outbreaks. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32431085 | The virologically confirmed cases of a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the world are rapidly increasing, leading epidemiologists and mathematicians to construct transmission models that aim to predict the future course of the current pandemic. […] Ongoing modelling will inform the transmission rates seen in the new epicentres outside of China, including Italy, Iran and South Korea. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32431118 | Perinatal transmission is infrequent and associated with a relatively mild illness in the newborn. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32431273 | While lockdowns may be an important tool to limit transmission, they come at a potentially great cost with regard to economic impact, mental health consequences, and increased morbidity and mortality from non-COVID-19 diseases. […] Governments and health authorities must chart a course on how to “unlock” or control transmission where lockdowns are not feasible. “Precision physical distancing”-distancing tailored and optimized to specific physical, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts and to specific groups and settings-is proposed and discussed here as an important tool in the control of COVID-19. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32431756 | A simple and innovative intubation tent was designed with the intent of decreasing the risk of accidental viral transmission from emergent intubations during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32432015 | SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was obtained, given rampant community transmission, which returned positive. […] The family was advised to self-quarantine to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. […] We believe that the mode of transmission was horizontal spread from his caregivers. […] Infants and children may play an important role in the transmission of COVID-19 in the community. […] Hence, with an understanding of the transmission patterns, parents and caregivers would be better equipped to limit the spread of the virus and protect the more vulnerable population. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32432787 | From two COVID-19-related deaths, samples of lung, heart and kidney were collected and processed for Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM) with the aim of identifying the virus. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32432804 | The infection, like SARS-CoV-2 was highly contagious through droplet transmission. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433010 | The World Health Organization (WHO), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have issued instructions and strategies for containing COVID-19 outbreak to the general public, physicians, travelers and injured patients to follow so that the transmission to a healthy population can be prevented. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433226 | It has been necessary to pay more attention on gastrointestinal transmission to identify the infected children early and avoid the children without apparent or mild symptoms becoming the sources of infection. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433285 | Our objective was to review the literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and propose mitigation measures to address these risks. […] We conducted a narrative review of the existing literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and balance these risks against the benefits of minimally invasive approaches. […] Minimally invasive surgical approaches offer significant advantages with respect to both patient care, and the mitigation of the risk of viral transmission during surgery, provided the appropriate equipment and expertise are present. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433293 | In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conduct of elective cancer surgery has become an issue because of the need to balance the requirement to treat patients with the possibility of transmission of the virus by asymptomatic carriers. […] A particular concern is the potential for viral transmission by way of aerosol which may be generated during perioperative care. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433343 | To avoid COVID-19 transmission among dialysis patients, the major societies of nephrology around the world have provided their guidelines of screening, dialysis facilities adjustment, and health education, respectively. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433799 | According to the available knowledge, a large but still unknown percentage of the infected patients remains asymptomatic, representing an important and insidious vehicle of transmission2 . | 2020-05-20 |
| 32433907 | Our study shows high communicability of COVID-19 and the enormous risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus transmission during mass gatherings. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32434058 | The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. […] We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by ~5000 time within 2 days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32434145 | The aim of this paper was to integrate multiple transactional data sets (GPS mobility data from Google and Apple as well as disease statistics from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) to study the role of social distancing policies in 26 countries and analyze the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic over the course of 5 weeks. […] Relying on the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model and official COVID-19 reports, we first calculated the weekly transmission rate (β) of COVID-19 in 26 countries for 5 consecutive weeks. […] Gradient boosted trees regression analysis showed that changes in mobility patterns resulting from social distancing policies explain approximately 47% of the variation in the disease transmission rates. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32434289 | Our objective was to facilitate surgical management of patients with known or suspected COVID-19 while minimising risk of nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers and other patients. | 2020-05-20 |
| 32434337 | The transmission occurs mainly via respiratory droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32434402 | Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. […] Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate - are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32434615 | However, during the current pandemic, face to face clinical assessments carry the risk of infection and transmission in this vulnerable cohort already compromised by low weight and lowered immunity. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32434888 | In 2012 MERS-CoV was identified as a possible threat to humans, but its pandemic potential so far is minimal, as the human-to-human transmission is ineffective. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32436578 | These efforts need to be scaled up to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in a region chronically affected by a complex armed conflict. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32436867 | Step-wise mutations have led to the gradual spillover of virus and after crossing the inter-species interface, the virus has adapted itself for a stable human-to-human transmission. […] Preventive measures such as social distancing, quarantine, cough etiquettes, proper hand washing, cleaning and decontaminating the surfaces are the mainstay for curbing the transmission of this virus. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32437017 | The region had no sustained local transmission. […] Of all 18 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 15 patients comprising 4 transmission clusters were identified. […] Our findings confirmed human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clusters. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32437316 | Characterization of the histopathology and cellular localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissues of patients with fatal COVID-19 is critical to further understand its pathogenesis and transmission and for public health prevention measures. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32437338 | This outbreak highlights the potential for widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, both at group gatherings during church events and within the broader community. […] Government’s Guidelines: Opening Up America Again (2) regarding modification of activities to prevent virus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32437432 | About 95.1% knew that the COVID-19 virus spreads via respiratory droplets of infected people, while 77 (31.2%) of the respondents knew about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32437513 | In this review, we focus on the genomic, transmission and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and comprehensively summarize the principles and related details of assays for SARS-CoV-2. […] SARS-CoV-2 has some unique gene sequences and specific transmission and clinical features that can inform the conduct of molecular and serological assays in many aspects, including the design of primers, the selection of specimens and testing strategies at different disease stages. | 2020-05-21 |
| 32437665 | On January 20, 2020, a new coronavirus epidemic with “human-to-human” transmission was officially announced by the Chinese government, which caused significant public panic in China. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32437797 | The virus is highly contagious with potential human-human transmission which was named as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread across six continents and emerged as a global pandemic in short span with alarming levels of spread and severity. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32437822 | HCPs perceived that limited infection control material (50.7%, n=210) and poor knowledge regarding transmission (40.6%, n=168) are the major barriers in infection control practice. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32437930 | In this study, we considered the Marche region of Italy to compute different daily transmission rates (Rt) including five provinces in it. […] This study highlights the knowledge of essential insights into the Marche region in particular to virus transmission dynamics, geographical characteristics of positive incidences, and the necessity of implementing mitigation procedures to fight against the COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32437933 | The study findings demonstrated that although APs with COVID-19 have a lower viral load, they still have certain period of viral shedding, which suggests the possibility of transmission during their asymptomatic period. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32438328 | Due to its rapid transmission and high case-fatality rate, recognition of its risk and prognostic factor is important. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32438622 | In this review, we present the basis of herd immunology, the dynamics of infection transmission that induces specific immunity, and how the application of immunoepidemiology and herd immunology could be used to control the actual COVID-19 pandemic, along with a discussion of its effectiveness, limitations, and applications. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32438799 | The aerosols contain fluorescent virus-like nanoparticles to track transmission through materials that greatly assist the accuracy of detection, thus avoiding artifacts including pore flooding and the loss of aerosol due to evaporation and droplet breakup. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32438824 | Handwashing is a key component of guidance to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Prior systematic reviews have indicated the effectiveness of handwashing to reduce transmission of respiratory viruses. […] In low-income countries, reduction of transmission is of paramount importance, but social distancing is challenged by high population densities and access to handwashing facilities with soap and water is limited. […] Our objective was to estimate global access to handwashing with soap and water to inform use of handwashing in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32438868 | However, due to the low viral load specimens and the limitations of RT-PCR, significant numbers of false negative reports are inevitable, which results in failure to timely diagnose, early treat, cut off transmission, and assess discharge criteria. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32438898 | These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32439237 | Restricting non-transplant elective surgical procedures, managing transplant patients in separate outpatient clinics, and in-patient wards can prevent transmission of infection both to patients and healthcare workers. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32440660 | No fetal infection through intrauterine vertical transmission was reported. […] There is also no evidence of intrauterine and transplacental transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus in the third trimester of pregnancies. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32441209 | To contain the transmission of the virus in long-term care facilities, federal health officials have issued strict visitation guidelines, restricting most visits between residents and all visitors, including family members. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32441360 | It has been reported that dermatology practices may be a vector for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and elective cases should be postponed during the pandemic period. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32442035 | Studies evaluating risk for virus transmission to health care workers from aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were included. […] Other included studies suggest increased odds of transmission from AGPs. […] Indirect and low-certainty evidence suggests that use of NIV, similar to IMV, probably reduces mortality but may increase the risk for transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32442131 | An important study using COVID-19 data from the city of Ningbo, China, was carried out to estimate and compare the transmission rates of the coronavirus by the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. […] We reanalyze the data from the city of Ningbo with more appropriate statistical methods to draw more reliable and sound conclusions on the transmission rates of the coronavirus by the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. […] After excluding the cases related to the super-spreader, the Fisher exact test yields a P value of .84, which indicates stronger evidence of no difference in the transmission rates compared with the original analysis. […] The odds ratio of the coronavirus transmission rates between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients is 1.2 with a 95% confidence interval 0.5-2.8. […] Through a more in-depth and comprehensive statistical analysis of the Ningbo data, we concluded that there is no difference in the transmission rates of coronavirus between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32442210 | Although the route for viral transmission remains a mystery, SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in an animal reservoir, likely that of bat. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32442265 | We stratified this cohort by normal versus abnormal findings on chest CT, and compared the strata regarding comorbidities, demographics, laboratory findings, viral transmission and other factors. […] Studies of the impact of treatment on asymptomatic RT-PCR+ individuals on disease progression and transmission should be undertaken. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32442333 | In addition, we found that if all RBCs, plasma, and cryoprecipitation were stored in isolation until the 14th day, the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood transfusion was reduced by at least 65.77% after the blood donor safely passed the COVID-19 incubation period. | 2020-05-22 |
| 32442427 | Throughout this time, it will be important to perform safe, comprehensive, and effective care for patients with and patients without COVID-19, recognizing that asymptomatic transmission is common with this disease. | 2020-05-24 |
| 32442720 | Clarification transmission routes and pathogenic mechanisms, and identification of potential drug treatment targets will promote the development of effective prevention and treatment measures. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32443022 | The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) Endoscopy and Procedures Committee has formulated this statement to offer practical guidance to help standardize endoscopy services for pediatric patients with the aim of minimizing COVID-19 transmission to staff, patients, and caregivers and to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) during this critical time. […] Appropriate use of PPE is essential to minimize transmission and preserve supply. […] Pediatric endoscopic procedures are considered at high risk for COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32443023 | Human-to-human transmission has been documented to occur through respiratory secretions, feces, aerosols, and contaminated environmental surfaces. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32444358 | The effective reproduction number (RE ) describing transmission dynamics was estimated for each region. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32444569 | Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be excluded at present, and should be ruled out as soon as possible after birth. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32444876 | We simulated three transmission modes including close contact, respiratory droplets and aerosol routes in labratory. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32445134 | Conjunctivitis is not a common manifestation of the disease, but contact with infected eyes could be one route of transmission. […] However, well-designed trials should be conducted to rule out other ocular manifestations that may result from COVID-19 infection and to understand the transmission of the virus through the eyes. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32445330 | In the modern era of viral pandemics, similar principles can also be applied toward prevention of viral transmission and protection of populations at risk. […] Apart from adhering to the laid-down provisions of a lock-down, preventive measures recommended for the general public include maintaining hand-hygiene, social distancing, and using facemasks to break the chain of transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32445421 | However, patients with highly transmissible airborne diseases such as COVID-19 are best cared in negative ventilation rooms to minimize the risk of transmission. […] In this report, we describe a novel, quick, readily implantable and resource friendly approach on how to secure air quality in catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories by converting a positive pressure ventilation room to a 2-zone negative ventilation system to minimize the risk of transmission. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32445710 | Our model highlights the urgent need for more data on the serial interval and the extent of presymptomatic transmission to make data-driven policy decisions regarding the cost-benefit comparisons of individual quarantine versus active monitoring of contacts. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32445875 | Herein, we describe the detection of a SARS-CoV-2 genome through metatranscriptome next-generation sequencing directly from the nasopharyngeal swab of a suspected case of local transmission of Covid-19, in Brazil. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32445904 | Delirium is a common symptom in patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19, and in cases of hyperactive delirium we have frequently observed behaviors that pose a significant risk of disease transmission to health care providers. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32446187 | The role of asymptomatic carriers in transmission poses challenges for control of the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Study of asymptomatic transmission and implications for surveillance and disease burden are ongoing, but there has been little study of the implications of asymptomatic transmission on dynamics of disease. […] We use a mathematical framework to evaluate expected effects of asymptomatic transmission on the basic reproduction number R0 (i.e., the expected number of secondary cases generated by an average primary case in a fully susceptible population) and the fraction of new secondary cases attributable to asymptomatic individuals. […] If the generation-interval distribution of asymptomatic transmission differs from that of symptomatic transmission, then estimates of the basic reproduction number which do not explicitly account for asymptomatic cases may be systematically biased. […] Estimates of the realized proportion of asymptomatic transmission during the exponential phase also depend on asymptomatic generation intervals. […] Our analysis shows that understanding the temporal course of asymptomatic transmission can be important for assessing the importance of this route of transmission, and for disease dynamics. […] This provides an additional motivation for investigating both the importance and relative duration of asymptomatic transmission. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32446285 | Here, we provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing its virology, epidemiology, and modes of transmission while examining the current progress of testing procedures and possible treatments through drugs and vaccines. | 2020-05-23 |
| 32446538 | The most important priorities are supposed to be i) The development of potential vaccine candidates to provide protection and interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, ii) To ensure enough supplies for hospitals and their homogeneous distribution among the countries with the worst number of severe cases, iii) There is a need for more studies to identify potential treatments that are effective for the control of this viral infection and iv) It is imperative to provide easy access to diagnostic kits for all countries affected by this pandemic. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32446866 | Respiratory infection transmission via the eye and lacrimal-nasal pathway elucidated during the 1918 influenza pandemic, remains to be explored in this crisis. […] Slit lamp usage places ophthalmologists at particular risk of exposure to high viral loads (and poor prognosis) and as for adenoviral epidemics, this may be a setting for disease transmission. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32447007 | The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between air pollutants concentration (PM 2.5 and NO2) and COVID-19 outbreak, in terms of transmission, number of patients, severity of presentation and number of deaths. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32447742 | Recently, cases of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 have been confirmed in the USA and China, indicating that the virus can replicate in both the respiratory and digestive tract. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32447746 | These considerations will facilitate prompt testing, isolation and prevention of viral transmission speeding best clinical outcomes. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32447777 | These changes have the potential to increase dental-related emergency department visits and subsequently contribute to greater viral transmission. […] Moreover, dentists experience unique challenges with preventing transmission due to frequent aerosol-producing procedures. […] These efforts aid in the reduction of viral transmission, conservation of personal protective equipment, and expand provider availability. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32447820 | Several studies, since then, have tried to study and explain the origin of SARS-CoV-2, its structure and pathogenicity, epidemiology, modes of transmission, spectrum of illness and causes of mortality and morbidity. | 2020-05-24 |
| 32449022 | SARS-CoV-2 is a new pandemic influenza caused by a coronavirus which main route of transmission is through exhaled droplets that primarily infect the nose and the nasopharynx. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32449614 | The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people, so numerous prevention strategies are employed to mitigate the spread of disease, including social distancing and isolation. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32449789 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by asymptomatic carriers had been documented. | 2020-05-25 |
| 32449851 | Some surgical procedures will be inevitable during the pandemic, and proper safety measures must be in place to avoid transmission risks. […] To ensure the safety of operating room personnel, we must consider whether there is any concern of viral transmission from the inhalation of surgical smoke. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32450712 | Other factors such as climacteric factors and genetic differences, which may have an impact on viral spreading and transmission, would also have strengthened the model prediction capacity. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32450770 | Most are also incorporating personal protective equipment appropriate to the level of transmission across mucous membranes. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32451268 | The priority at all times must be to preserve public health, minimising the risk of community transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32451366 | Interruption of its transmission to prevent widespread community transmission is critical because its effects go beyond the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths and affect the health system capacity to provide other essential services. […] The effect of avoiding widespread and sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is significant, and most likely outweighs any costs of preventing such a scenario. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32452050 | SARS-CoV2 is transmitted to individuals by human-to-human transmission leading to severe viral pneumonia and respiratory system injury. […] There is a possibility of virus transmission from asymptomatic cases as active carriers, in addition to symptomatic ones, which is a crucial crisis of COVID-19 that should be considered. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32452195 | Vertical transmission of coronavirus from the pregnant woman to the fetus has not been proven. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32452539 | The subsequent less-anticipated propagation of the novel coronavirus disease, formally known as COVID-19, not only made it to headlines by an overwhelmingly high transmission rate and fatality reports, but also raised an alarm for the medical community all around the globe. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32452648 | We estimated SI of COVID-19 in Shenzhen, China based on 27 records of transmission chains. […] The SI of COVID-19 is relative shorter than that of SARS and MERS, other two beta coronavirus diseases, which suggests the iteration of the transmission was rapid. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32452739 | Intact or VENT-modified N95 respirators mitigated airborne aerosol transmission, while standard surgical masks did not. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32452819 | Under these circumstances, the preparedness of PHCs in providing safe patient-centered care for meeting the current health needs of the population and prevent further transmission of the SARS-CoV2 infection is crucial. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32452954 | The survey portrays the situation 5 weeks after the first case of secondary transmission in Italy. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32452978 | Although fecal SARS-CoV-2 presence in feces do not confirm its transmissibility, the high and fast spread of the COVID-19 disease worldwide indicate other transmission routes are also plausible. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32453656 | With high rates of transmission and no curative therapies or vaccine yet available, the current cornerstone of management focuses on prevention by social distancing. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32453686 | Our findings provide population-based evidence for transmission from persons with presymptomatic COVID-19 infections. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32454253 | Several guidelines deal with the role of laparoscopic surgery during the pandemic: a tailored approach is currently suggested, with a case-by-case evaluation provided that appropriate personal protective equipment is available in order to minimize the potential risk of transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32454456 | In reformulating the care offered to those with GDM, there is a need to balance the sometimes competing requirement of lowering the risk of direct viral transmission against the potential adverse impact of service changes. | 2020-05-26 |
| 32454574 | The transmission and virulence of this new pathogen has raised concern for how best to protect operating room staff while effectively providing care to the infected patient requiring urgent or emergent surgery. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32454575 | Another possible route of viral transmission is entry through aerosolized droplets into the tears, which then pass through the nasolacrimal ducts and into the respiratory tract. […] The close proximity between eye care providers and their patients during slit-lamp examination may require further precautions, such as shields, barriers, and mask use to lower the risk of transmission via droplets or through hand to eye contact. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32454806 | South Korea employed technology and the holistic education of its physician community, despite having a smaller proportion of physicians in society, to its advantage by implementing efficacious drive-through centers that test suspected individuals rapidly and with little to no contact with healthcare staff, decreasing the possibility of transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32454807 | Given the paucity of studies at this time, vertical transmission cannot be confirmed or denied. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32455057 | Being highly prevalent, the correct use of these masks is particularly important, as an incorrect use and disposal may actually increase the rate of transmission. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32455859 | This risk is even more serious in pediatric dentistry, since affected children, frequently, present an asymptomatic, mild or moderate clinical viral infection and, therefore, they may play a major role in community-based COVID-19 transmission. […] In the case of a dental emergency, involving a pediatric patient, dentists should be aware of which recommended management protocol can be adopted during the practice to protect patient health, to safeguard their-self and to prevent viral transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32456346 | Understanding its transmission characteristics, including heterogeneity and the emergence of super spreading events (SSEs) where certain individuals infect large numbers of secondary cases, is of vital importance for prediction and intervention of future epidemics. […] Here, we collected information of all infected cases (135 cases) between 21 January and 26 February 2020 from official public sources in Tianjin, a metropolis of China, and grouped them into 43 transmission chains with the largest chain of 45 cases and the longest chain of four generations. […] Utilizing a heterogeneous transmission model based on branching process along with a negative binomial offspring distribution, we estimated the reproductive number R and the dispersion parameter k (lower value indicating higher heterogeneity) to be 0.67 (95% CI: 0.54-0.84) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.13-0.88), respectively. […] Our results highlighted more efforts are needed to verify the transmission heterogeneity of COVID-19 in other populations and its contributing factors. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32456560 | It then proposes the National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network (NETCCN), which would combine digital health technologies to address this and future crises. Methods: Subject matter experts from the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center examined the peer-reviewed literature and science/technology news to see what digital health technologies have already been or could be implemented to (1) support patients while limiting COVID-19 transmission, (2) increase health care providers’ capability and capacity, and (3) predict/prevent future outbreaks. Results: Major technologies identified included telemedicine and mobile care (for COVID-19 as well as routine care), tiered telementoring, telecritical care, robotics, and artificial intelligence for monitoring. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32456959 | Research has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is spread primarily through close contact via respiratory droplets, but there is the possibility for ocular transmission, with the conjunctiva as a conduit as well as a source of infection. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32458289 | At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical societies quickly published guidelines recommending avoiding laparoscopy or to consider open surgery because of the fear of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through surgical smoke or aerosol. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32458598 | Currently, the local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been effectively contained in China; however, the epidemic situation of this highly infectious disease is more and more serious outside of China. […] Nevertheless, the local transmission of this parasitic disease has been interrupted in China since the launch of the national malaria elimination programme in 2010, and great successes have been achieved in the management of appropriately 3 thousand malaria cases imported from other countries and territories annually. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32458712 | Until it is proven that urine is not a potential source for transmission of the Virus Endourologists should have a clear knowledge of the different types of PPE available and what they should use when performing procedures. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32458787 | This article also illustrates the psychosocial aspect of the disease, and the negative repercussions of concealment of potential exposure on transmission in the community and to front-liners, healthcare resources, and outbreak containment. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32459061 | The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed health care, challenged by resource constraints and fears of transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32459123 | Given the threat to public health posed by sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the literature surrounding patient presentation in severe and non-severe cases, transmission rates and routes, management strategies, and initial clinical trial results have become available at an unprecedented pace. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32459186 | Between March 16-23, eleven states underwent stay-at-home orders to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32459668 | The morbidity, mortality and blistering pace of transmission of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. […] As the theoretical risk of disease transmission is increased during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), stringent infectious precautions are warranted. | 2020-05-27 |
| 32460229 | A total of 198 chains of transmission together with dates of symptoms onset and 139 dates of infections were identified among 14,829 confirmed cases outside Hubei Province as reported as of March 31, 2020. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32460383 | The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) heralded a new era in the cross-species transmission of severe respiratory illness leading to rapid spread in mainland China and around the world with a case fatality rate of 2.3% in China and 1.8-7.2% outside China (Wu & McGoogan, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020; Onder Rezza, & Brusaferro, 2020; World Health Organization, 2020). | 2020-05-27 |
| 32461062 | A mathematical model for the transmission of SARS-CoV2 in London. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32461068 | To describe the infection control strategy to achieve zero nosocomial transmission of symptomatic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 during the pre-pandemic phase (the first 72 days after announcement of pneumonia cases in Wuhan) in Hong Kong. […] Administrative support with the aim of zero nosocomial transmission by reducing elective clinical services, decanting wards, mobilizing isolation facilities, providing adequate personal protective equipment, coordinating laboratory network for rapid molecular diagnosis under 4-tier active surveillance for hospitalized- and out-patients, and organizing staff forum and training was implemented under the framework of preparedness plan in Hospital Authority. […] Administrative support to infection control could minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32461231 | We conclude that the prevalence of COVID-19 on affected cruise ships is likely to be significantly underestimated, and strategies are needed to assess and monitor all passengers to prevent community transmission after disembarkation. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32462098 | Considering the population density, healthcare capacity, limited resources and existing poverty, environmental factors, social structure, cultural norms, and already more than 18,863 people infected, the community transmission of COVID-19 is happening fast. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32462701 | These infection models have already been useful for studies of transmission and immunity, but to date only partially model the mechanisms implicated in human severe COVID-19. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32462705 | This is genetically suggestive of human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and indicates Wuhan as the most plausible origin of the early outbreak in Vietnam. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32463076 | SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly within months despite global public health strategies to curb transmission by testing symptomatic patients and encouraging social distancing. […] Here, we summarize rapidly emerging evidence highlighting transmission by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals. […] Asymptomatic transmission was reported in several clusters. […] A Wuhan study showed an alarming rate of intrahospital transmission, and several countries reported higher prevalence among healthcare workers than the general population. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32464297 | Prevention the transmission of COVID-19 to the HCWs, four primary themes should be taken into consideration; (1) ongoing education and importance of the organization of the healthcare facility, (2) proper clinical triage and isolation of the suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the outpatient clinics and in the emergency departments, (3) necessity of the organization of the COVID-19 wards, and (4) utilization of personal protective equipment. […] If sufficient precautions are not taken, healthcare settings may serve as additional source of transmission and spread of COVID-19 in the society. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32464409 | Due to the close relationship between the incidence of infectious diseases by epidemics and environmental conditions, this research explores the temperature, evaporation, precipitation and regional climate effects on the local transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inside 31 states and capital of Mexico since February 29 (national onset) to March 31, 2020. […] In this work, the local transmission ratio (LTR) was calculated with the regional LCPC divided by the number of the effective contagion days since regional onset in each state. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32464670 | Here, patient safety and employee protection are equally important.In cooperation with the Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene and the occupational medical service, interventions were defined to develop solutions to minimize the COVID-19 transmission risk for examiners and patients despite limited diagnostic and equipment resources. | 2020-05-28 |
| 32464736 | The simulation scenario improves crisis management skills for family physicians managing the high risk of transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32466392 | A narrative review was carried out to support a protocol for treating ECC with efficacious and safe (in terms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission) procedures. […] Protocol involves criteria for patients’ selection remotely (telemedicine), and well-detailed criteria/equipment and hygiene procedures to combat against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32468014 | The major impact produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) focused many researchers attention to find treatments that can suppress transmission or ameliorate the disease. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32468343 | First, evidence-based prompt responses yield lower transmission rate followed by decreasing Rt. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32468508 | In February 2020, the first case of transmission on Italian soil was reported. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32468509 | Conversely, we suggest that at least a plain mask should be used during all HCWs’ contacts in healthcare facilities which constitute a highly probable but often overlooked means of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among HCWs. | 2020-05-31 |
| 32469301 | Following an outbreak of SARS-CoV in 2002, and MERS-CoV about 10 years later, SARS-CoV-2 is the third coronavirus in less than 20 years to cross the species barrier and start spreading by human-to-human transmission. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32470088 | When the global focus has mostly been on testing, finding a cure and preventing transmission; people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to the current lifestyles and fear of the disease. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32470237 | This paper, based on proven effective experience, relevant guidelines, and research, not only presents the fundamental knowledge about the name, etiologic characteristics, epidemiologic characteristics and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, transmission routes and risk points of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics but also provides recommended protective measures for dental professionals to interdict the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics. […] This paper, based on proven effective experience, relevant guidelines, and research, not only presents the fundamental knowledge about the name, etiologic characteristics, epidemiologic characteristics and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, transmission routes and risk points of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics but also provides recommended protective measures for dental professionals to interdict the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics. | 2020-06-02 |
| 32470316 | Among contacts who were tested, no secondary transmission was identified in this investigation, despite unprotected close interactions with the infectious case-patient. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32470888 | To model the effects of continuous, intermittent, and stepping-down social distancing (SD) strategies and personal protection measures on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. | 2020-05-29 |
| 32471002 | Several studies have examined men recovering from COVID-19, but large-scale community-based testing is needed to ascertain the effects on the male reproductive tract, and the potential for prolonged transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32471203 | As SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through droplets and aerosols, we cannot ignore the risk of transmission during hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). | 2020-05-30 |
| 32471302 | In the early stages of a new pathogen outbreak, it is critical to understand the dynamics of the infection transmission, in order to follow contagion over time and project the epidemiological situation in the near future. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32471829 | The rapid evolution of the ORF8 Ig domain proteins points to a potential evolutionary arms race between viruses and hosts, likely arising from immune pressure, and suggests a role in transmission between distinct host species.IMPORTANCE The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic strongly emphasizes the need for a more complete understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of its causative agent SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32471856 | To identify the early transmission events underlying the rapid spread of the virus in the NYC metropolitan area, we sequenced the virus causing COVID-19 in patients seeking care at the Mount Sinai Health System. […] Moreover, we find evidence for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as suggested by clusters of related viruses found in patients living in different neighborhoods of the city. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472043 | This warrants further study of the airborne transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472347 | The low compliance with quarantine requirements as seen in this study raises a serious concern about the effectiveness of quarantine as a preventive measure of disease transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472408 | The pandemic has lead to massive redirection of health care resources to treat the surge of COVID-19 patients, and enforcement of social distancing to reduce the rate of transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472679 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to be mostly transmitted by medium-to-large sized respiratory droplets although airborne transmission is theoretically possible in healthcare settings involving aerosol-generating procedures. […] Non-contact transmission was found in 66.7% (10/15) of exposed naïve hamsters. […] Surgical mask partition for challenged index or naïve hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018). […] Surgical mask partition for challenged index hamsters significantly reduced transmission to only 16.7% (2/12, P=0.019) of exposed naïve hamsters. […] Such transmission could be reduced by surgical mask usage, especially when masks were worn by infected individuals. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472685 | To reduce the risks of pathogen transmission during endoscopic skull base surgery. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472745 | One area of active inquiry is understanding the mode(s) of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Although respiratory droplets are a known mechanism of transmission, other mechanisms are likely. […] Of particular importance to global health is the possibility of vertical transmission from infected mothers to infants through breastfeeding or consumption of human milk. […] However, there is limited published literature related to vertical transmission of any human coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) via human milk and/or breastfeeding. […] Results of the literature search reported here (finalized on 17 April 2020) revealed a single study providing some evidence of vertical transmission of human coronavirus 229E; a single study evaluating presence of SARS-CoV in human milk (it was negative); and no published data on MERS-CoV and human milk. […] These reports are evaluated here, and their implications related to the possibility of vertical transmission of coronaviruses (in particular, SARS-CoV-2) during breastfeeding are discussed. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472897 | The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, dry cough; however, myalgia and dyspnea and the transmission routes include direct transmission by cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, or contact transmission with the oral, nasal, or eye mucous membranes. […] The dental professionals are the main risk group to COVID-19 due to the transmission routes that are directly related to the dental practice. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472936 | Previous reports have suggested that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is reduced by higher temperatures and higher humidity. […] We analyzed case-data from the United States to investigate effects of temperature, precipitation, and UV Light on community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] We performed sensitivity analyses at 3 days, 7 days and 9 days to assess transmission lags. […] However, the association between temperature and transmission is small and transmission is likely to remain high at warmer temperatures. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472939 | Estimates of the impact of these interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission are critical for decision making in this and future outbreaks. […] We here aim to assess the impact of these NPIs on disease transmission by estimating changes in the basic reproduction number (R0) at national and cantonal levels in relation to the timing of these NPIs. […] We estimated the time-varying R0 nationally and in eleven cantons by fitting a stochastic transmission model explicitly simulating within-hospital dynamics. […] We inferred that most of the reduction of transmission is attributable to behavioural changes as opposed to natural immunity, the latter accounting for only about 4% of the total reduction in effective transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472974 | More specifically, we discuss about measures implemented to minimize risks of disease transmission, challenges in emergency dental care, impact on patients, and on private practice and academic dental team. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32472991 | We summarize what makes SARS-CoV2 different from previous highly pathogenic coronaviruses and why it is so contagious, with focus on its clinical presentation and diagnosis, which is mandatory to start the appropriate management and reduce the transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32473015 | However, due to the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as ensure the safety of the whole team providing burn care. […] The burn patients are usually debilitated and require a prolonged hospital stay and multiple operative procedures which puts them and everyone involved in their care at increased risk of coronavirus infections and transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32473049 | To control the epidemic, the number of reproduction number should be reduced by decreasing the contact rate, decreasing transmission probability and decreasing the duration of the infectious period. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32473082 | Bats harbor diverse coronaviruses (CoVs), some of which are associated with zoonotic infections, as well as interspecies transmission. […] Considering that different bat species are co-roosting in crowded conditions in the same habitat, the diverse coronaviruses in Korean bats are likely to undergo cross-species transmission events due to the richness in host species. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32473161 | In view of the extraordinary efforts underway to identify existing medications that are active against SARS-CoV-2 and to develop new antiviral drugs, vaccines and antibody therapies, any of which may have community-level effects, we also describe how pharmaceutical interventions affect transmission. | 2020-05-30 |
| 32473952 | The duration of quarantine required after clinical recovery to definitively prevent transmission is therefore uncertain. […] In addition, asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission may occur, and infectivity may be highest early after onset of symptoms, meaning that contact tracing, isolation of exposed individuals and social distancing are essential public health measures to prevent further spread. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32474009 | In this review, current therapeutic options, preventive methods and transmission routes of COVID-19 are discussed. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32474101 | In some systems, non-overlapping teams were created to minimize transmission among healthcare workers. | 2020-06-02 |
| 32474129 | The COVID-19 pandemic warrants operational initiatives to minimize transmission, particularly among cancer patients who are thought to be at high-risk. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32474389 | Since saliva can host several viruses including SARS-CoV-2, the transmission chance of viruses through saliva, particularly those causing respiratory infections, is unavoidable. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32474860 | The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32475090 | As schools reopen as a result of low community transmission rates of COVID-19, parents and teachers will have understandable concerns about the risks to students and staff. | 2020-06-01 |
| 32475144 | However, a number of important properties of the virus are still not well understood, and there is an urgent need to learn more about its transmission dynamics, its spectrum of clinical severity, its wildlife origin, and its genetic stability. | 2020-06-01 |
| 32475873 | Therefore, the initial stage of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in cities outside Wuhan were mainly input. | 2020-06-01 |
| 32475877 | The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in negative nasopharyngeal swabs cases were little addressed previously. | 2020-06-01 |
| 32476126 | Using PubMed, Embase and Medline, articles published between January and April 2020 on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resources from World Health Organisation were analyzed in order to have an understanding of the clinical characteristics, transmission dynamics, virology, diagnostic possibilities, prevention, management approach, controversies and impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare workforce. […] The mode of transmission via droplet infections makes it unduly contagious and difficult to control. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32476324 | SARS-CoV-2 has crossed the species barrier to infect humans and other animal species, and infected humans can facilitate reverse-zoonotic transmission to animals. | 2020-06-02 |
| 32476574 | The absence of specific drugs and vaccines, the rapid transmission of the virus, and the increasing number of deaths worldwide necessitated the discovery of new substances for anti-COVID-19 drug development. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32476644 | The newly identified zoonotic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), is characterized by rapid human-to-human transmission. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32476796 | Viral RNA has also been isolated from stool specimens of COVID-19 patients, which raised the concern for fecal-oral transmission in addition to droplet transmission. […] Although indirect evidence has suggested possible fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, more effort is needed to establish the role of the fecal-oral transmission route. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32478500 | The results of the review lead to two conclusions: first, that eye protection using filtered eye masks be used to prevent ocular transmission; second, that new, pre-filtered, valved respirators be used to even more effectively block viral transmission. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32478700 | The transmission dynamics to humans from the original and intermediary hosts remain poorly understood, but it is highly likely that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infected humans after undergoing an inter-species transfer from bats to an intermediate species, and from there to human beings. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32479103 | The novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is exhibiting widespread community transmission throughout most of the world. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32479632 | For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. […] Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities. | 2020-06-01 |
| 32479766 | To date no evidence confirmed COVID-19 vertical transmission from infected pregnant mother to their fetus. […] Woman Study Group of AMD, after reviewing current knowledge about COVID-19 vertical transmission and the compatibility of breastfeeding in COVID-19 mother, the available recommendations from Health Care Organizations and main experts opinions, issued the following suggestions on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressed both to mothers with and without diabetes. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32479811 | New infection control policies should be strictly enforced and monitored in all clinical and nonclinical settings, with an overall goal to decrease the risk of exposure and transmission. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32479816 | SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women does not lead to fetus mortality, unlike other zoonotic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and there is, to date, no evidence of intrauterine transmission to neonates. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32479911 | For prompt diagnosis and prevention of transmission, clinicians should consider COVID-19 in patients with similar presentation. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32479915 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is most transmitted via respiratory droplets, but risk of transmission is hugely increased while doing aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). | 2020-06-26 |
| 32480215 | In Italy, the first SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed in Rome, Lazio region, at the end of January 2020, but sustained transmission occurred later, since the end of February. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32482124 | As many otolaryngologic procedures are shown to have higher risk of viral transmission-so-called aerosol-generating procedures-it is imperative that multidisciplinary care teams be provided updated, timely, and consistent information. | 2020-06-02 |
| 32482250 | Postpartum neonatal transmission from mother to child has been reported. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32482348 | Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is considered particularly at risk of disease transmission due to aerosol generation during surgical interventions, patient proximity and operating environment. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32482591 | This review summarizes the emergence of SeACoV and updates the research progress made from 2017 to early 2020, mainly focusing on the etiology, epidemiology, evolutionary perspective, potential for interspecies transmission, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32482688 | Health care-associated infections during previous coronavirus epidemics involving severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome resulted from human-to-human transmission in hemodialysis (HD) facilities. […] The effect of a strategy of HD with cohort isolation-separate dialysis sessions for close contacts of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-on the prevention of secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in HD units is unknown. […] The transmission of COVID-19 can be controlled without closure of HD centers by implementing preemptive activities, including early detection with rapid testing, cohort isolation, collaboration between institutions, and continuous monitoring of infection. | 2020-06-02 |
| 32482785 | Most countries with significant outbreaks have introduced social distancing or “lockdown” measures to reduce viral transmission. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32483500 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by the highly infectious novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus spread by droplet transmission. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32483811 | There are unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32484728 | Rhinologist manipulation of nasal tissue, proximity, and frequent aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) create high risk for infection transmission. | 2020-06-02 |
| 32485164 | Overall, this animal model described here provides a useful tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32485197 | Patients in other groups were cohorted when isolation capacity was limited with additional interventions to reduce transmission. 93 patients were evaluated with 79 (85%) receiving a COVID-19 diagnosis during their admission. […] Application of a clinical triage tool to guide isolation and cohorting decisions may reduce the risk of hospital acquired transmission of COVID-19 especially to individuals at the greatest of risk of severe disease. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32485959 | It consisted of different investigations about sociodemographic aspects, profession-related characteristics, knowledge about COVID-19 infection transmission modalities, symptoms, and attitude in treating potentially infected patients. […] Italian dentists were informed correctly on the mode of transmission but partially missed COVID-19 symptoms. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32486055 | A major goal to limit the further exponential spreading is to slow down the transmission rate, which is denoted by a “spread factor (f)”, and we proposed an algorithm in this study for analyzing the same. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32487283 | We analyzed transmission of coronavirus disease outside of the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk provincial region in South Korea. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32487491 | Understanding adolescents’ motivations to engage in social distancing may inform strategies to increase social distancing engagement, reduce pathogen transmission, and identify individual differences in mental and social health during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32487856 | To decrease the risk of virus transmission, many recommendations have been implemented including the use of integrated insufflation devices comprising smoke evacuation and filtration mode. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32487972 | Rehabilitation personnel who take care of acute SCI patients with COVID-19 should consider the effect of SCI on the course of COVID-19, the effect of COVID-19 and its treatments on the course of SCI, and risks of SAR-CoV2 transmission between patients and rehabilitation staff, to continue providing safe and effective rehabilitation programs. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32487985 | The respiratory transmission virus remains stable on surfaces, being able to spread by air in respiratory droplets or in procedures that generate aerosols. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32487990 | Hence, early baloxavir treatment may indirectly prevent transmission. […] Here, we estimate impacts of ramping up and accelerating baloxavir treatment on population-level incidence using a new model that links viral load dynamics from clinical trial data to between-host transmission. […] The development of antivirals against the SARS-CoV2 virus that function like baloxavir might similarly curtail transmission and save lives. | 2020-06-04 |
| 32488493 | This review examines the evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2, the risk of transmission from asymptomatic patients, and the specific risks associated with aerosol-generating procedures. […] The degree of risk of transmission from asymptomatic patients to healthcare providers will depend on the prevalence of disease in the population, which is difficult to assess without widespread population screening. […] Aerosol-generating procedures increase the odds of viral transmission from infected symptomatic patients to healthcare providers, but transmission from asymptomatic patients has not been reported. […] Viral transmission from patients exhibiting no symptoms in the operating room is plausible and efforts to reduce risk to healthcare providers include reducing aerosolization and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, the feasibility of which will vary based on geographic risk and equipment availability. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32489144 | If one family member is exposed to the virus they could serve as a source of transmission or, if they fall ill, the resources they provide to others could be severed. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32489179 | As many countries begin to lift some of the restrictions to contain COVID-19 spread, lack of evidence of transmission in the school setting remains. […] We examined Irish notifications of SARS-CoV2 in the school setting before school closures on 12 March 2020 and identified no paediatric transmission. […] This adds to current evidence that children do not appear to be drivers of transmission, and we argue that reopening schools should be considered safe accompanied by certain measures. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32489695 | We analyze the current pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing, and mortality in India with an emphasis on the importance of mortality as a marker of the clinical relevance of COVID-19 disease. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32490022 | There is controversy regarding the transmission of the virus through the tear and conjunctiva; however, there are reports that the ocular surface might be a potential target for COVID-19. […] The ease of transmission of this virus at close proximity presents a risk to eyecare workers. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32490559 | Using custom-built software applications enabling us to track patient, client and employee cases and exposures, we leveraged current public health recommendations to identify cases and to suppress transmission, which included the use of personal protective equipment. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32490890 | To analyse the measures adopted by countries that have shown control over the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how each curve of accumulated cases behaved after the implementation of those measures. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32490972 | Both the possible presence of viral particles in tears and conjunctiva, and the potential for conjunctival transmission remain controversial. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32491098 | This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32491214 | In 1991 and 2009 the Italian sentinel surveillance system was established, consisting in 25 public centers (12 clinical, 13 laboratories) on the national field for diagnosis, treatment and data transmission to the INIH4 . | 2020-06-19 |
| 32491829 | The review also touches upon our current understanding of placental transmission of SARS-CoV-2, an important aspect of vertical transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32491982 | Although we did not assess virus viability, our findings may suggest potential for transmission through shared eating utensils. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32492123 | While the role of children in the chain of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains to be fully defined, they likely play an important role based on our knowledge of other respiratory viruses. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32492183 | Italy is the first western country suffering heavy severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and disease impact after coronavirus disease-2019 pandemia started in China. […] Even though the presence of mutations on spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid in Italian isolates has been reported, the potential impact of these mutations on viral transmission has not been evaluated. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32492290 | The dialysis population is vulnerable and the dialysis facility is critical in maintaining operations and avoiding disease transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32492485 | One case of possible virus transmission by a patient during the incubation period was highly suspected. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32492531 | We evaluated three methods based on direct nasopharyngeal swab viral transmission medium (VTM) heating before the RT-qPCR: a) direct without additives; b) in a formamide-EDTA (FAE) buffer, c) in a RNAsnapTM buffer. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32492532 | In East Asia, the number of seasonal influenza cases in the 2019-20 season was lower after the COVID-19 transmission compared to previous years. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32492721 | It is observed that salivary glands are hosting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the detection of high viral loads in the saliva and is playing a crucial role in virus transmission, especially from individuals showing absolutely no symptoms. | 2020-06-03 |
| 32492743 | Virus excretion in asymptomatic people and in the pre-symptomatic phase of an infection is relevant for transmission- An effective antiviral therapy has not yet been established. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32492778 | To reduce transmission of the coronavirus, from its initial outbreak in 2019 up to now, various safety measures have been enacted worldwide by the authorities that have likely led to reduced physical activity levels in the general population. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32493038 | There exist a lack of scientific data about the cross-transmission and its associated risk, especially in the dental health care setting of Pakistan. | 2020-06-06 |
| 32493409 | Lacking an effective treatment, countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions including social distancing measures and have encouraged maintaining adequate and frequent hand hygiene to slow down the disease transmission. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32493466 | As of March 31, 2020, the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic that started in China in December 2019 is now generating local transmission around the world. […] The geographic heterogeneity and associated intervention strategies highlight the need to monitor in real time the transmission potential of COVID-19. […] Singapore provides a unique case example for monitoring transmission, as there have been multiple disease clusters, yet transmission remains relatively continued. […] The local incidence curve displays sub-exponential growth dynamics, with the reproduction number following a declining trend and reaching an estimate at 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.0) during the first transmission wave by February 14, 2020, while the overall R based on the cluster size distribution as of March 17, 2020, was estimated at 0.6 (95% CI 0.4, 1.02). […] The trajectory of the reproduction number in Singapore underscores the significant effects of successful containment efforts in Singapore, but it also suggests the need to sustain social distancing and active case finding efforts to stomp out all active chains of transmission. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32493489 | During the COVID-19 pandemic all elective and non-time sensitive Otolaryngology procedures should be deferred to mitigate the risk of transmission of infection to HCWs. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32493494 | SARS-CoV-2 infection presents a high transmission in the group of health professionals in Spain (12-15% infected). […] Adult health-care professionals (18-65 years) working in areas of high exposure and high risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 (COVID areas, Intensive Care Unit -ICUs-, Emergency, Anesthesia and all those performing aerosol-generating procedures) will be included. […] This is a single-center study that will be carried out at the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. 450 health professionals working at the Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla in areas of high exposure and high risk of transmission of SARS COV2 (COVID hospital areas, Intensive Care Unit, Emergency, Anesthesia and all those performing aerosol-generating procedures) will be included. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32494567 | In this review the SARS-CoV-2 morphology, pathogenic mechanism, similarities and differences between SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome, transmission mode, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures were investigated. | 2020-06-06 |
| 32495332 | Therefore, it is very important to wear masks, take personal precautions, and practice recommended social distancing to achieve source control and stop transmission. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32495335 | The Taiwan government has taken rapid and decisive actions to reduce the risk of community transmission and campus cluster infection. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32495920 | This report proves that further transmission of CoVID-19 to the Middle East was because of human mobility, besides engaging in different Jewish and Shi’ite religious rites. […] This report suggests avoiding several religious rites, closing the borders of infected countries, and supporting the infected countries to prevent further transmission. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32495921 | Among these, COVID-19 has greater transmission and mortality rate. 2019 nCoV belongs to a large family of positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) that can be isolated in different animal species. […] COVID-19 transmission is occurring from infected humans to close contact with one another through respiratory droplets, coughs, and sneezes of infected person. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32495923 | A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of Science”, “Google Scholar” and “World Health Organization-WHO” using the keywords “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “COVID-19,”SARS“,”SARS-CoV-2" “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32496074 | The contagiousness and deadliness of COVID-19 have necessitated drastic social management to halt transmission. | 2020-06-04 |
| 32496243 | Primary route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among humans is droplets and direct contact. […] Airborne transmission of this virus is not established conclusively and so is the role of airborne particulate matter. […] This commentary examines the existing evidence about the role of particulate matter pollutants in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Empirical evidence has been provided regarding role of air pollution in accelerated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy as well as Wuhan. […] Lockdown-related reduction in PM2.5levels in ambient air may have contributed to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Post-lockdown increase in PM2.5levels may accelerate covid-19 transmission and can add to the burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32496246 | We studied the impact of NPI on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in India and estimated the minimum level of herd immunity required to halt it. […] Based on early transmission dynamics, R0was 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.79-3.07). […] Increased testing, intensive case-based surveillance and containment efforts, modulated movement restrictions while protecting the vulnerable population, and continuous monitoring of transmission dynamics should be a way forward in the absence of effective treatment, vaccine, and undetermined postinfection immunity. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32496247 | We found that most isolates reported from India have key mutations at 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of the ORF 8, which has been reported to be associated with high virulence and high transmission rate. […] In addition, available sequence data suggest that majority of Indian isolates are capable of high transmission and virulence. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32496251 | The team in Bhilwara needs to remain vigilant to pick up any imported cases early before local transmission establishes. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32496254 | We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of facemask use alone or along with hand hygiene in community settings in reducing the transmission of viral respiratory illness. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32496256 | A total of 934 (61%) respondents had heard details on COVID-19 from the social media, 1358 (89%) knew all ways of coronavirus transmission, 602 (40%) felt that COVID-19 is a serious disease, 1184 (78%) responded that they totally agree with the lockdown decision, and 1296 (85%) responded that lockdown is helping in reducing the number of cases. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32496369 | The objective of this paper is to provide a natural history of COVID-19 - including virology, epidemiology and transmission patterns - and a guide for plastic surgeons regarding patient and resource management. | 2020-06-04 |
| 32496407 | We examined the dynamics of coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) transmission within families. | 2020-06-04 |
| 32496919 | At the population level, carefully designed seroepidemiologic studies will aid in the characterization of transmission dynamics and refinement of disease burden estimates and will provide insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32497001 | If proven infectious, feces and saliva could serve as transmission sources. | 2020-06-04 |
| 32497028 | Examination of four lines of evidence provides insight into the timing of introduction and early transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, into the United States before the detection of these two cases. […] These data indicate that sustained, community transmission had begun before detection of the first two nontravel-related U.S. cases, likely resulting from the importation of a single lineage of virus from China in late January or early February, followed by several importations from Europe. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32497031 | Based on epidemiologic data showing spread in congregate settings (2-4), national, state, and local governments instituted significant restrictions on large gatherings to prevent transmission of disease in early March 2020. […] Transmission of symptomatic COVID-19 was successfully limited using strategies of quarantine, social distancing, early screening of trainees, rapid isolation of persons with suspected cases, and monitored reentry into training for trainees with positive test results after resolution of symptoms. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32497090 | There was one indeterminate case of potential vertical transmission. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32497212 | Little is known about the natural history of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or its contribution to infection transmission. […] We compared the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32497283 | Both viruses have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations. | 2020-06-04 |
| 32497462 | Social isolation introduced to reduce COVID-19 transmission may adversely affect well-being. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32497510 | We aimed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on virus transmission in health-care and non-health-care (eg, community) settings. […] We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the optimum distance for avoiding person-to-person virus transmission and to assess the use of face masks and eye protection to prevent transmission of viruses. […] Transmission of viruses was lower with physical distancing of 1 m or more, compared with a distance of less than 1 m (n=10 736, pooled adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·18, 95% CI 0·09 to 0·38; risk difference [RD] -10·2%, 95% CI -11·5 to -7·5; moderate certainty); protection was increased as distance was lengthened (change in relative risk [RR] 2·02 per m; pinteraction=0·041; moderate certainty). | 2020-06-28 |
| 32497623 | The transmission network model was respectively fitted to the reported data for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan (China), Toronto (Canada), and the Italian Republic using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) optimization algorithm. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32497632 | The present review describes the novel SARS-CoV-2 structure, surface proteins, asymptomatic and symptomatic transmission in addition to the genotype and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 along with genetic strains and similarity between SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32497651 | The transmission behaviour of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still being defined. […] It is likely that it is transmitted predominantly by droplets and direct contact and it is possible that there is at least opportunistic airborne transmission. […] In order to protect healthcare staff adequately is necessary that we establish whether aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Currently there is very little evidence detailing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with any specific procedures. | 2020-06-06 |
| 32497746 | This article lists important measures that may save the lives of patients and medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and help to stop the transmission of COVID-19 on hospital grounds. | 2020-06-06 |
| 32497751 | However, specific considerations to defer cancer surgery in developing countries might need to be carefully adjusted to counterbalance between preventing COVID-19 transmission and preserving patients ’long-term life expectancy and quality of life. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32497810 | The transmission modes of human coronaviruses are similar, thought to be by droplet, contact and sometimes airborne routes. | 2020-06-06 |
| 32497812 | Similarly, the influence of the marketplace on the early transmission dynamics is yet to be investigated. […] Using the daily series of COVID-19 incidence, stratified according to contact history with the market, we have conducted quantitative modeling analyses to estimate the reproduction numbers (R) for market-to-human and human-to-human transmission, the reporting probability, and the early effects of public health interventions. […] We estimated R at 0.24 (95% CrI: 0.01-1.38) for market-to-human transmission and 2.37 (95% CrI: 2.08-2.71) for human-to-human transmission during the early spread in China (2019-2020). […] Moreover, we estimated that the reporting rate for cases stemming from market-to-human transmission was 2-34 fold higher than that for cases stemming from human-to-human transmission, suggesting that contact history with the wet market played a key role in identifying COVID-19 cases. […] Our R estimate tied to market-to-human transmission had substantial uncertainty, but it was significantly lower compared with the reproduction number driving human-to-human transmission. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32498152 | In the second phase of maturity of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, air pollution reduces intensity (on 7th April 2020 with b’1 = 0.81, p < 0.001) also because of the indirect effect of lockdown, whereas regression coefficient of transmission based on interpersonal contacts has a stable level (b’2 = 0.31, p < 0.01). […] This result reveals that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is due to mainly to the mechanism of “air pollution-to-human transmission” (airborne viral infectivity) rather than “human-to-human transmission”. […] Overall, then, transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, such as COVID-19, is due to systemic causes: general factors that are the same for all regions (e.g., biological characteristics of virus, incubation period, etc.) and specific factors which are different for each region and/or city (e.g., complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity) and health level of individuals (habits, immune system, age, sex, etc.). […] Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the case study here suggest that a proactive strategy to cope with future epidemics is also to apply especially an environmental and sustainable policy based on reduction of levels of air pollution mainly in hinterland and polluting cities- (having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and number of fog days) -that seem to have an environment that foster a fast transmission dynamics of viral infectivity in society. […] Hence, in the presence of polluting industrialization in regions that can trigger the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, this study must conclude that a comprehensive strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be also designed in environmental and socioeconomic terms, that is also based on sustainability science and environmental science, and not only in terms of biology, medicine, healthcare and health sector. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32498493 | The risk factors of COVID-19 epidemic at the early stage incluede the misjudgment of the epidemic, delay in reporting this emerging infectious disease, nosocomial infection-caused transmission of the virus into local communities, and weak public health interventions. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32498655 | We have included asymptomatic, quarantine and isolation compartments in the model, as studies have stressed upon the importance of these population groups on the transmission of the disease. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32498721 | We constructed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, estimated the rate of transmission, and calculated the reproductive number in Hubei Province by using case-report data from January 11 to February 6, 2020. […] The possible number of secondary cases outside China was estimated by stochastic simulations in various scenarios of reductions in the duration to quarantine and rate of transmission. […] The rate of transmission was estimated as 0.8238 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8095-0.8382), and the basic reproductive number as 4.1192 (95% CI 4.0473-4.1912). […] Assuming the same rate of transmission as in Hubei Province, the possibility of no local transmission is 54.9% with a 24-h quarantine strategy, and the possibility of more than 20 local transmission cases is 7% outside of China. […] The reproductive number for SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is significantly higher compared to that of the previous SARS epidemic in China. […] This implies that human-to-human transmission is a significant factor for contagion in Hubei Province. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32498741 | With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict isolation strategies to limit virus transmission have been applied worldwide. […] Furthermore, the oral mucosa has been accepted as a high-risk route of transmission for COVID-19. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32498749 | The aim of this study was to assess the possible roles of Jordanian pharmacists in minimizing the stage of community transmission. […] Jordanian pharmacists can be used to reduce community transmission of the outbreak. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32498762 | Transmission occurs essentially through the respiratory tract and the main symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnea. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32499154 | High pathogenicity and transmission rate of the viral strain has become the spotlight of research community throughout the world. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32499157 | The use of chest computed tomography (CT) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic raises concern regarding the transmission risks to patients and staff caused by CT room contamination. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32499161 | The mode of transmission of this virus is from person to person through the transfer of respiratory droplets. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32499212 | The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has highlighted the importance of rapid control of the transmission of infectious diseases. […] Current systems for controlling transmission rely on patients to report their symptoms to medical professionals and be able to recall and trace all their contacts from the previous few days. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32499983 | While there is no consensus on the treatment of the disease yet, understanding the virus and its transmission is a cardinal priority. | 2020-06-07 |
| 32500100 | These interventions have impacted economic productivity in China, and the ability of the Chinese economy to resume without restarting the epidemic was not clear. Methods: Using daily reported cases from mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, we estimated transmissibility over time and compared it to daily within-city movement, as a proxy for economic activity. Results: Initially, within-city movement and transmission were very strongly correlated in the five mainland provinces most affected by the epidemic and Beijing. […] At the very end of the study period, when China began to experience the re-introduction of a small number of cases from Europe and the United States, there is an apparent up-tick in transmission. Conclusions: Although these results do not preclude future substantial increases in incidence, they suggest that after very intense social distancing (which resulted in containment), China successfully exited its lockdown to some degree. […] The results presented here illustrate how the eventual decorrelation between transmission and movement is likely a key feature of successful COVID-19 exit strategies. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32500116 | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China and transmission to more than 80 territories worldwide, including nine countries in Africa, presents a delicate situation for low-resource settings. | 2020-06-07 |
| 32500327 | The endoscopist, not being positioned in front of the patient, should, therefore, be less exposed to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32500416 | The discrete phases undertaken at our quaternary care institution for a responsible return to non-essential surgery are outlined with the goal of ensuring timely care, minimizing community transmission, and preserving personal protective equipment. | 2020-06-07 |
| 32500549 | This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current data in relation to COVID-19 and its effect on pregnant women, including symptoms, disease severity and the risk of vertical transmission. […] Neither vaginal delivery nor cesarean section confers additional risks, and there is minimal risk of vertical transmission to the neonate from either mode of delivery. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32500928 | We further review what is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, including their role in transmission of the disease, and conclude with the science on different mortality rates between different countries and whether this hints at the existence of more pathogenic cohorts of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32501021 | Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Cape Town in March 2020 and the transmission was soon observed in local communities. […] The overall aim was to slow down transmission through early identification and isolation of diagnosed cases. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32501190 | Early data on COVID-19 suggest heterogeneity in the severity of symptoms during transmission and infection ranging from no symptoms to death. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32501218 | Although many pregnant women have been infected by coronavirus, the presence of intrauterine vertical transmission has not been conclusively reported yet. […] Is it only the presence of a strong placental barrier, or is it the natural absence of the some receptor that the viruses use for transmission? […] In this short review, we will try to explain our hypothesis that the lack of caveolin expression in the SCB is one of the most important physiological mechanisms that prevents vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32501301 | The highest risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to be spread through human-to-human transmission has boosted the use of personal protective equipment at worldwide level. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32501355 | This study presents an in-depth investigation on the transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from the urban perspective. […] Especially, this study provides insights of the fundamentals of the factors that may affect the spread of the infection in cities, where the marginal effects of some most influential factors to the virus transmission are estimated. […] In addition, subway, wastewater and residential garbage are positively connected with the virus transmission. […] The methodology and main conclusions shown in this paper are of general interest, and they can be applied to other countries to help understand the local transmission of COVID-19 as well. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32501371 | To answer this question, a mathematical model was suggested taking into account the possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from dead bodies to humans and the effect of lock-down. […] The first case suggested that there is transmission from dead to the living (medical staffs as they perform postmortem procedures on corpses, and direct contacts with during burial ceremonies). […] In the second case we removed the transmission rate from dead bodies. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32501392 | It also undermines natural resource availability, compromising measures such as washing and sanitation that may be key to managing subsequent human-to-human disease transmission. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32501411 | Given that sensitivities (around 94% and 84% for IgG and IgM, respectively) implicate false-negative cases and given the lack of effective vaccines or treatments, the only currently available procedure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission is to identify and isolate persons who are contagious. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32501416 | Our estimates confirm that (1) social distancing measures have helped mitigate transmission by reducing daily infection contact rate, but the disease transmission probability per contact remains as high as 0.145 and case detection rate was so low that the effective reproduction number remained higher than the threshold for disease control until the closure of non-essential business in the Province; (2) improvement in case detection rate and closure of non-essential business had resulted in further reduction of the effective control number to under the threshold. […] We predict the number of confirmed cases according to different control efficacies including a combination of reducing further contact rates and transmission probability per contact. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32501426 | Associated surveillance of S. aureus transmission quantifies the effectiveness of the basic measures to prevent the transmission to patients and clinicians of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. […] We evaluated appropriate sample sizes and strategies for measuring transmission. […] Similarly, observing transmission within or between cases of a pair did not increase the probability that the next sampled pair of cases also had observed transmission (all P ≥.23). […] Also, although transmission (yes/no) was associated with surgical site infection (P =.004), among cases with transmission, there was no detected dose response between counts of transmitted isolates and probability of infection (P =.25). […] The first of a fixed series of tests is to use the binomial test to compare the proportion of pairs of cases with S. aureus transmission to an acceptable threshold. […] If significant, more samples are obtained while additional measures are implemented to reduce transmission and infections. […] Because S. aureus transmission is invisible without testing, when choosing what population(s) to screen for surveillance, another endpoint needs to be used (e.g., infections). […] The 10 combinations encompassed ≅17% of cases, showing the value of targeting surveillance of transmission to a few combinations of specialties and rooms. […] In conclusion, we created a sampling protocol and appropriate sample sizes for using S. aureus transmission within and between pairs of successive cases in the same operating room, the purpose being to monitor the quality of prevention of intraoperative spread of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32501806 | In the absence of vaccines and established treatments, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are fundamental tools to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. […] A similar decline was seen in geographical regions that were later found to be experiencing undetected community transmission in February. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32502107 | On January 8, 2020, a novel coronavirus was officially announced as the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.On February 26, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries, with a total of 80,239 laboratory-confirmed patients and 2700 deaths.Protecting healthcare workers from infectious hazards is paramount to ensuring their safety in delivering health care.In addition, being able to protect healthcare workers, constituting the front-line response against high-threat respiratory pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is important for reducing secondary transmission in healthcare-associated outbreaks.Authors present a simple, reliable, and cheap protocol to produce a custom-made sterilizable filtering facepiece 2/3 masks for healthcare providers during pandemic COVID-19 emergency. | 2020-06-05 |
| 32502117 | Vertical transmission from the mother to her fetus or neonate has not been proven definitively. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32502132 | The rate of transmission remains high during airway management. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32502274 | Substantial limitations have been imposed on passenger air travel to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between regions and countries. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32502318 | The rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 patients and evidence of human-to-human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32502389 | Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the UK. […] We used a stochastic age-structured transmission model to explore a range of intervention scenarios, tracking 66·4 million people aggregated to 186 county-level administrative units in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32502616 | Currently the potential extra-respiratory transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32502664 | Although the COVID-19 is known to cause by human-to-human transmission, it remains largely unclear whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological parameters could promote its transmission. […] AQI, PM2.5, NO2, and temperature are four variables that could promote the sustained transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32503192 | The transmission in public venues served as a hub for transmitting the disease to other families and results in new clusters. […] This field study shows the effect of indoor environments on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and our data may be useful in developing guidance for future disease prevention and control. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32503304 | Especially at the beginning of the epidemic, GPs might have had scant information on the specific safety procedures for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., there was limited knowledge on the possibility of contagions deriving from asymptomatic patients) and, moreover, the availability of personal protective equipment was insufficient. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32503701 | Sonographers need to be familiar with and prepared to implement strategies for reducing the risk of exposure to and transmission of the COVID-19 virus. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32503820 | In this study, a systematic review of current literature relevant to COVID-19 was performed with focus on modes of transmission, ocular manifestations related to infection and medications, as well as the control of infection in ophthalmic practice. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32503823 | Common mask materials can potentially provide protection against respiratory droplet transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32503829 | This highlights the importance of continued patient surveillance and use of appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32504100 | However, manifestations in other organs should not be ignored since they can also be a mode of transmission. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32504604 | Specifically, procedures that have the potential to create aerosolization must be reassessed, given the risk of viral transmission via aerosolization. […] We present the use of a non-sealed endoscopic vessel harvesting(EVH) approach during coronary surgery that does not necessitate the use of CO2 insufflation and utilizes suction through an ultra low particulate filter, thus mitigating the risk of possible viral transmission via aerosolization or surgical smoke production. […] This approach is technically feasible and can minimize the risk of viral transmission during EVH. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32504743 | To understand SARS-Co-V-2 infection and transmission in UK nursing homes in order to develop preventive strategies for protecting the frail elderly residents. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32505076 | It is important to try to minimize visits to hospitals (without removing their active treatments) in order to decrease nosocomial transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32505220 | Although China has contained severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and nearly stopped indigenous transmission, a strong suppression effort must continue to prevent re-establishment of community transmission from importation-related cases. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32505778 | Current guidelines for returning health care workers (HCW) to service after a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test and ceasing of transmission precautions for patients is based on two general strategies. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32505792 | There is ongoing debate regarding the role of aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV2 in the healthcare environment. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32505918 | We conducted an internet-based survey on January 28, 2020 (one week after the official declaration of person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus). | 2020-06-26 |
| 32505993 | Tracheostomy is one of the procedures associated with an increased production of aerosols and higher risk of transmission of the virus to the health personnel. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32506111 | Given its robust capacity for human-to-human transmission and potential of being a nosocomial source of infection, the disease has specific implications on healthcare systems and health care professionals faced with performing essential cardiac procedures in patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. […] This document prepared for our nation by the Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI) is intended to serve as a clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular health care professionals, with a focus on modifying standard practice of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure continuation of adequate and timely treatment of cardiovascular emergencies avoiding hospital-based transmission of SARS-COV-2 among healthcare professionals and the patients. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32506507 | The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has evolved with cases of local transmission soon after the detection of imported cases in affected countries. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32506768 | As the mode of transmission, 10 (55.5%) of patients were infected in hospital, 5 (27.7%) patients had a relative with COVID-19 and three (16.6%) was unknown. […] It is crucial to take comprehensive preventive measures to control COVID-19 transmission via hospital route. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32506780 | The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has airborne transmission via droplets while less attention focused on aerosol transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32506866 | As the global impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been severe, many countries have intensified containment activities to eliminate virus transmission, through early detection and isolation strategies. […] In this study, we collected detailed information on the circumstances in which human-to-human transmission occurred in the tertiary transmission cases of COVID-19 in the community. […] On January 26, 2020, an imported case of COVID-19 was confirmed, and by February 10, 2020, one secondary transmission and three tertiary transmissions were identified. […] Secondary transmission occurred on the first day of illness of the infector, and his symptoms were suggestive of a common cold. […] The transmission occurred during a 90-minute long meal together in a restaurant. […] The tertiary transmission also occurred on the first-day illness of the other infector, and his only symptom was slight chills. […] The transmission occurred at a church during 2-hour-long worship, and two rows separated them. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32507112 | On January 30, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern-a week after Singapore’s first imported case and 5 days before local transmission. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32507114 | The role of severe respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-laden aerosols in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. […] SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detectable by air sampler which suggests that airborne route is not the predominant mode of transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32507123 | To slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to identify specific symptoms for effective screening. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32507546 | Providers and healthcare systems were forced to rapidly create triage schemas in order to preserve resources and reduce potential viral transmission while continuing to provide care for patients. […] As the need to preserve resources and prevent viral transmission grows, prioritizing only high priority surgical cases is paramount. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32507746 | Since COVID-19 symptoms are aspecific and may resemble a common cold, if it should come back with a seasonal pattern and coincide with the influenza season, this would be particularly challenging, overwhelming and straining the healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited contexts, and would increase the likelihood of nosocomial transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32508041 | A new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused outbreaks in multiple countries and the number of cases is rapidly increasing through human-to-human transmission. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32508398 | Thereby, we consider that the model-governing parameters-namely, the death transmission coefficient for the death kinetics model, as well as the apparent fatality-to-case fraction and the characteristic fatal illness period for the infection-to-death delay rule-are time-invariant. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32509294 | COVID-19 is a new infectious disease worldwide, and its infectious source, transmission route, susceptible population, and therapy are not clear. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32509960 | Although it is primarily transmitted by contact and droplets, aerosol-generating procedures also seem to carry the possibility of airborne viral transmission. […] The feasibility and practicality of the box was also tested with patients during endoscopy. Conclusion The reusable Endoprotector is easily and affordably manufactured and may reduce air droplets and airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other microorganisms during endoscopy. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32510576 | Participants were well informed about the symptoms, diagnosis, modes of transmission, and methods of prevention. […] Participants had variable perceptions about COVID-19 risk during pregnancy, including potential vertical transmission, preferred route of delivery, and safety of breastfeeding. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32510901 | Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32511834 | Respirators are more effective than masks in preventing aerosol transmission to HCWs. […] Transmission of viruses is multimodal, and in the setting of a novel pathogen with high case fatality with no proven effective interventions, PPE that affords the best protection should be available to HCWs. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32511851 | To investigate the optimal contact time and concentration for viricidal activity of oral preparation of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2 (‘corona virus’) to mitigate the risk and transmission of the virus in the dental practice. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32512073 | This article describes the Indonesian experience in ensuring sustainability of radiotherapy services during the pandemic, highlighting various important adjustments which were made to allow radiotherapy centers nationwide to continue operating while protecting staff and patients from the risk of disease transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32512197 | We present suggestions for how the risk of transmission by and to anaesthetists can be minimised and how personal protective equipment policies relate to COVID-19 pandemic context. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32512240 | The study suggests that community mask use by well people could be beneficial, particularly for COVID-19, where transmission may be pre-symptomatic. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32512290 | Furthermore, it seems that FURIN is implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially in the increased rates of human-to-human transmission. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32512362 | Presently is not clear if this protein “spike” of the new coronavirus COVID-19 is involved through attachment mechanisms on indoor or outdoor airborne aerosols in the infectious agent transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host in some agglomerated urban areas like Milan is. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32512386 | We discuss these findings in the context of the origin of SARS-CoV-2, viral stability, and transmission. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32512479 | Now, as states transition to Phase II, restrictions on non-essential activities will ease, and radiology departments must re-establish care while continuing to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission all while accommodating this backlog. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32512579 | Our model calculates backwards from observed deaths to estimate transmission that occurred several weeks prior, allowing for the time lag between infection and death. […] Our results show that major non-pharmaceutical interventions and lockdown in particular have had a large effect on reducing transmission. […] Continued intervention should be considered to keep transmission of SARS-CoV-2 under control. | 2020-06-08 |
| 32512661 | Transmission of infectious diseases is often prevented by quarantine and isolation of the populations at risk. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32512950 | Furthermore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this novel coronavirus, its transmission routes, surface survival and evolution in the environment. […] So far, the scientific community has indicated a possible transmission of COVID-19 via blood transfusion which is challenging in the case of asymptomatic individuals. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32513289 | In the interest of public health and to contain transmission of infection, follow-up visits will be conducted in the participant’s home by a clinical trial team comprising nursing and medical members. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32513346 | We investigated situations of virus importation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to assess effectiveness of a modelling study by Haider N et al. titled ‘Passengers’ destinations from China: low risk of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America’. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32513429 | This study sought to interrogate the literature and evaluate whether which additional measures might provide benefit if routinely adopted in minimising viral transmission. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32513532 | It has a high transmission rate among humans, and is a threat to global public health. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32513659 | To describe a national cohort of pregnant women admitted to hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the UK, identify factors associated with infection, and describe outcomes, including transmission of infection, for mothers and infants. […] Most had good outcomes, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to infants was uncommon. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32513808 | Approaches to procedural sedation can be modified to reduce the risk of droplet or aerosol transmission by decreasing nasal cannula oxygen supplementation flows. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32513860 | This rapid response was essential to slow down and contain transmission and provide valuable time to the local health authorities to prepare appropriate response strategies. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32513865 | Phylogenetic analyses revealed the cryptic introduction of at least 7 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages into California, including epidemic WA1 strains associated with Washington State, with lack of a predominant lineage and limited transmission between communities. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32514291 | Although much effort has been spent on clarifying the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2, but, very little evidence is available regarding the relationship between human body fluids and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. […] Considerable evidence from hospital in Wuhan indicates that strict rules to avoid occupational exposure to patients’ body fluids in healthcare settings, particularly among every medical staff, limited person-to-person transmission of nosocomial infections by direct or indirect contact. […] We tried to provide important information for understanding the possible transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 via body fluids including bronchoalveolar-lavage, saliva, blood, urine, feces, sputum, tears, and semen in order to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurrences. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32514432 | In addition to possible fecal-oral transmission, GI endoscopy procedures, which are considered to be aerosol-generating procedures, contribute to increased risk to GI health-care professionals. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32515254 | Most (83%) operators expressed concern when asked to perform cardiac catheterization on a suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient, primarily due to fear of viral transmission (88%). […] Conclusions Our survey indicates significant reduction in invasive procedure volumes and concern for viral transmission. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32515370 | It is an infectious disease (R0: 2.2 to 3.3) with confirmed human-to-human transmission. […] Established preventive methods against infection include dodging the exposure from the virus, which will break the chain of transmission and prevent further human-to-human spread. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515378 | Patients with COVID-19 patients should be identified before they arrive in the facility and should be served expeditiously, in an environment which prevents cross-transmission of infection. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515382 | The risk of transmission of COVID 19 is an occupational hazard which cannot be ignored by cardiologists. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515385 | As knowledge about the disease epidemiology and clinical profile is rapidly evolving, we are still not sure about many different aspects of the disease transmission and presentation. […] Otolaryngologists regularly deal with the upper aerodigestive tract, which is the portal of transmission and site of multiplication of the virus. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515390 | There is a threat of collapse of healthcare system in maternity wards and labour rooms due to risk for transmission to healthy patients, obstetricians, midwives and other staff. […] Many countries including India have declared lockdown to stop the transmission but delivery services have to continue. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515391 | Most of the countries of the world are in a lockdown of varying severity to break the chain of transmission. […] Many are not well-versed in the use of transmission-based safeguards, and the dental community, is no different. […] In this article, we identify the challenges faced by the oral and dental care providers, whose procedures generate a significant amount of aerosol, which can be a significant source of disease transmission within the community. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515397 | COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease, which has human-to-human transmission through droplet and contact. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32515406 | Although a large majority of participants correctly identified sources of transmission, measures and precautions to be taken for coronavirus, their knowledge for symptom identification was deficient. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32516107 | Early diagnosis of atypical cases of COVID-19 infection is critical in reducing the transmission and controlling the present pandemic. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32516108 | We estimated the speed with which these measures contained transmission in cities. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32516204 | Nevertheless, GIB in COVID-19 patients poses unique challenges to patients due to high-risk of concomitant respiratory failure and to endoscopy personnel due to risk of airborne transmission during endoscopic procedures. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32516273 | Secondary outcomes included rate of preterm birth, cesarean delivery, vertical transmission, and neonatal death. […] The preterm birth rate was 20.1% (57/284, 95% CI 15.8-25.1), the cesarean delivery rate was 84.7% (332/392, 95% CI 80.8-87.9), the vertical transmission rate was 0.0% (0/310, 95% CI 0.0-1.2), and the neonatal death rate was 0.3% (1/313, 95% CI 0.1-1.8). […] With data from early in the pandemic, it is reassuring that there are low rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and vertical transmission with SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-09 |
| 32516467 | Transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers has been reported in multiple family units, indicating that this mode of infection is important in understanding disease epidemiology and population risk4,5 . | 2020-06-19 |
| 32516833 | This has human resource implications for institutional capacity to deliver essential healthcare services, and wider societal implications for COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32517125 | Person-to-person transmission and travels were implicated in the initial spread of the outbreaks, but factors related to the late phase of rapidly spreading outbreaks in March and April are still uncertain. […] The findings indicate that short-term exposures to ozone and other meteorological factors can influence COVID-19 transmission and initiation of the disease, but disease aggravation and mortality depend on other factors. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32517835 | We describe a case of delayed COVID-19 diagnosis due to unrecognized community transmission in Atlanta, Georgia in mid-February 2020. […] This case resulted in transmission of COVID-19 to three of the four healthcare workers present during a diagnostic bronchoscopy procedure where only procedural masks were worn. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32518471 | We describe and utilize an original approach based on statistical physics to predict the societal transmission timescale and the universal recovery trajectory resulting from the countermeasures implemented in entire societies. […] We show that methods traditionally considered for the numerical analysis and the control of individual virus transmission (e.g. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32518555 | Researchers analyzed the epidemiological benefits of different transmission rates for the establishment of effective strategy in prevention and control strategies for epidemic infectious diseases. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32518832 | The mass population mobility in China during the Spring Festival has been considered a driver to the transmission of COVID-19, but it still needs more empirical discussion. […] Based on the panel data from Hubei, China between January 6th and February 6th, 2020, a random effects model was used to estimate the impact of population mobility on the transmission of COVID-19. […] Population mobility is found to be a driver to the rapid transmission of COVID-19, and the lockdown intervention in local prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province has been an effective strategy to block the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32518882 | After the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic on March 11th, 2020, local transmission chains starting in different countries including Canada are forcing governments to take decisions on public health interventions to mitigate the spread of the epidemic. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32519364 | These results are worrying because risk perception, as our study indicates, relates to actual or intended health-protective behaviour that can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32519827 | Percentage of subjects who answered correctly regarding main symptoms of COVID-19 and primary mode of transmission was 87% and 82.5% respectively. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32520073 | We applied an agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within household or close contacts through a social network of 150 nodes. there is no great difference in total infected people within modifications in number of links per node for networks with average number of links per node greater than three. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32520401 | Lack of awareness of these presentations might lead to misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis and isolation of suspected patients which increases the risk of transmission of infection between patients and doctors. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32520580 | OBJECTIVE. Nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to frontline health care workers is well known, and health care workers may inadvertently become vectors for onward transmission. […] The bulky US equipment may also facilitate fomite transmission of disease. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32520728 | Presence of COVID-19 antibodies appeared to be associated with community/environmental transmission rather than secondary to work-related exposures involving high risk procedures. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32520770 | To control the COVID-19 outbreak, large-scale measures have been applied to reduce human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Susceptible populations, including older adults, children, and health care providers, warrant particular attention to avoid transmission and infection. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32521222 | We also identified 22 probable primary case-patients for the clusters; most were 20-39 years of age and presymptomatic or asymptomatic at virus transmission. | 2020-06-10 |
| 32521345 | During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of transmission for this pandemic disease. […] Inhaling small airborne droplets is probable as a third route of infection, in addition to more widely recognized transmission via larger respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces. […] While uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions of the different transmission pathways, we argue that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors. […] We believe that the use of engineering controls in public buildings, including hospitals, shops, offices, schools, kindergartens, libraries, restaurants, cruise ships, elevators, conference rooms or public transport, in parallel with effective application of other controls (including isolation and quarantine, social distancing and hand hygiene), would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission and thereby protect healthcare workers, patients and the general public. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32521726 | Dental practices are an important person-to-person transmission route. […] A management protocol was applied to prevent the transmission route of 2019-nCoV. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32521776 | This study aims to explore the current research foci and their country variations regarding levels of income and COVID-19 transmission features. […] There is variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32522067 | Due to the rapid outbreak of the transmission (~3.64 million positive cases and high mortality as of 5 May 2020), the world is looking for immediate and better therapeutic options. […] Still, much information is not known, including origin of the disease, complete genomic characterization, mechanism of transmission dynamics, extent of spread, possible genetic predisposition, clinical and biological diagnosis, complete details of disease-induced pathogenicity, and possible therapeutic options. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32522141 | These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32522671 | It can be retrieved in faeces but there is no evidence of faecal-oral transmission, which is the main route of contamination in recreational waters. […] In the context of progressive lockdown exit and hospital activities recovery, we assessed the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rehabilitation pools and therapeutic water environments in order to provide specific recommendations to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while ensuring essential rehabilitation cares for patients. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32522830 | These aspects, their interspecies transmission and certain factors that impact disease severity in cattle parallel related facets of SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in humans. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32522870 | Using mobility data from a large sample of smartphones, nationally representative consumer preference surveys, and economic statistics, we measure the relative transmission reduction benefit and social cost of closing 26 categories of US locations. […] We rank categories by their trade-off of social benefits and transmission risk via dominance across 13 dimensions of risk and importance and through composite indexes. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32523150 | The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 or COVID-19 virus has been a global challenge given its high rate of transmission and lack of effective therapy or vaccine. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32523257 | Mathematical models with computational simulations are effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. […] Then, we suggest an updated model that includes a system of differential equations with transmission parameters. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32523258 | Osteoporosis and fragility fractures management has been hampered by lock down and infection transmission strategies used to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32523607 | A proposal structured around four “moments” is presented to guide the remote transmission of bad news in order to improve the care of patients, families and caregivers during this exchange and to reduce the negative impact from it on health professionals. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32523779 | Full-genome sequences that are spatio-temporally representative are required to advance understanding of the transmission pathways of this important human respiratory pathogen. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32523979 | Background and study aims Using personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce risk of disease transmission. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32524227 | Hygienic measures and contact precautions, aimed at preventing the spread of MRDO, may have helped to prevent a SARS-CoV-2 transmission to HCW-despite high-risk exposure during intubation, surgical treatment and general care. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32524740 | In a recent paper, the authors Jamal et al reviewed various guidelines published by dental societies of the world for the prevention of transmission of COVID-19 virus in the dental care setting during the current pandemic(Jamal et al., 2020). | 2020-06-23 |
| 32524792 | Familial cluster was the main transmission pattern. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32524953 | We believe that feco-oral transmission could occur if community transmission becomes high and sustained in densely populated cities without proper sanitation in Nigeria and many other African and Asian settings. […] Endemic and epidemic transmission of multiple feco-oral pathogens via this route continues to be documented in areas without safely managed sanitation, and, therefore, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be evaluated, tracked, and forestalled in such settings. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32524956 | The evidence of effect on disease transmission was limited, while negative consequences were evident. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32525056 | Issues confronting practicing dentists include possible transmission of disease by droplets/ aerosol or contact with contaminated surfaces. […] More research may be warranted using this or similar approaches to mitigate aerosol transmission. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32525550 | Substantial community transmission was defined as at least 10 reported deaths in a country as of March 10, 2020. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32525600 | The dynamics, such as transmission, spatial epidemiology, and clinical course of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have emerged as the most intriguing features and remain incompletely understood. […] The variations within Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene might constitute the first genetic gateway, influencing the spatial transmission dynamics of COVID-19. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32525695 | Method Data were collated through review of literature, guidelines, and consensus statements relating to COVID-19 and similar high-consequent infections, with a focus on mitigating risk of transmission to health care workers. […] Results Reports of transmission of infection to health care workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous outbreaks substantiate the need for safe practices. […] Careful adherence to best practices can significantly reduce risk of infectious transmission. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32525726 | Extra safety measures are needed in the operating room to limit the chance of transmission. | 2020-06-11 |
| 32525765 | To trace the evolution route and probe the transmission dynamics of this virus, we performed phylodynamic analysis of 247 high quality genomic sequences available in the GISAID platform as of 5 March 2020. […] Identification of these super-spreaders greatly facilitates development of new strategies to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32525850 | The outbreak was characterized by widespread transmission with relatively mild symptoms and asymptomatic infection among this sample of mostly young, healthy adults with close, congregate exposures. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32525852 | However, data describing cleaning and disinfection practices within household settings in the United States are limited, particularly concerning those practices intended to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. […] Thirty-nine percent of respondents reported engaging in nonrecommended high-risk practices with the intent of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as washing food products with bleach, applying household cleaning or disinfectant products to bare skin, and intentionally inhaling or ingesting these products. […] Public messaging should continue to emphasize evidence-based, safe practices such as hand hygiene and recommended cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in household settings (2). | 2020-06-12 |
| 32525853 | Notification of presumptive positive animal test results triggered a One Health* investigation by state and federal partners, who determined that no further transmission events to other animals or persons had occurred. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32525856 | To minimize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission risk and address public concerns about visiting the ED during the pandemic, CDC recommends continued use of virtual visits and triage help lines and adherence to CDC infection control guidance. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32525979 | Aerosols represent a potential route of transmission of COVID-19. […] These results suggest that the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be dependent on environmental conditions, particularly sunlight. […] These data may be useful to inform mitigation strategies to minimize the potential for aerosol transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32526447 | Surprisingly, it even undermines all other recommended practices of infection control and breaking the transmission chain of Covid-19, like hand washing, personal hygiene and social distancing. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32526560 | Families are a transmission route for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of the close contact. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32526937 | By analyzing the genetic distances from the SARS-CoV-2 strain to the coronaviruses residing in animal hosts, we establish that the most possible transmission path originates from bats to pangolins to humans. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32527056 | Risk to communities with continued widespread disease transmission depends on characteristics of the virus, including how well it spreads between people; the severity of resulting illness; and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccines or medications that can treat the illness) and the relative success of these. […] The questionnaire examined citizens’ basic socio-economic and demographic characteristics, their knowledge, preparedness, risk perception and preventive measures taken individually and as a community to prevent the death and widespread transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in the Republic of Serbia. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32527347 | No H1N1 transmission occurred in medical personnel. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32527617 | Lu et al. recently conducted genomic sequencing and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong, revealing its early transmission out of Hubei and shedding light on the effectiveness of controlling local transmission chains. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32527624 | Other clinical studies suggested a consistent risk of transmission for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the surgical treatments of HPV-related disease (mainly genital warts, laryngeal papillomas, or cutaneous lesions). […] Preclinical studies showed conflicting results, but HPV was shown to have a high risk of transmission. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32527856 | However, assessing the effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on the understanding of virus transmission, which remains uncertain. […] Here we show that airborne transmission is highly virulent and represents the dominant route to spread the disease. […] We conclude that wearing of face masks in public corresponds to the most effective means to prevent interhuman transmission, and this inexpensive practice, in conjunction with simultaneous social distancing, quarantine, and contact tracing, represents the most likely fighting opportunity to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32528128 | Most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32528139 | In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32528156 | As access to whole-genome sequencing has grown, greater amounts of molecular data have helped improve the ability to detect and track outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19, investigate transmission chains and explore large-scale population dynamics, such as the spread of antibiotic resistance. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32528612 | The establishment of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention by the Africa Union in 2017 was an unprecedented move toward strengthening national responses, so far enabling all fifty member states with confirmed cases of COVID-19 to adequately respond, break chains of transmission and effectively contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32528624 | Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32528815 | Although the causal relationship among mutations and the features of SARS-CoV-2 such as rapid transmission, pathogenicity, and tropism, remains unclear, our results of genomic mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may help to interpret the interaction between genomic characterization in SARS-CoV-2 and infectivity with the host. […] It has been reported that the rapid infectivity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with host receptor affinity are derived from several mutations in its genes. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32528816 | We aimed to determine the rate and likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from COVID-19 patients through non-respiratory routes. […] Since the virus could not be isolated from the SARS-COV-2-positive samples, the risk of viral transmission via stool and urine is expected to be low. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32528818 | By inactivating SARS-CoV-2 with disinfection/cleaning the infectivity and transmission of the virus is blocked. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32528820 | Streamlined processes of detection, subsequent testing, isolation, and treatment by public health authority, was key in minimizing the risk of secondary transmission. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32529040 | These measures have been shown to have large impacts on pandemic influenza transmission. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32529409 | This editorial critiques current expert opinion recommendations that aim to reduce viral transmission and preserve healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic by advocating delay of elective breast cancer surgery. […] By reducing the number of patient and healthcare provider interactions, cryoablation not only decreases the risk of viral transmission but also the need for personal protective devices during resource-limited times. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32529643 | There remain unanswered questions concerning mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32529703 | Yet these potential transmission routes remain crucial to acknowledge. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32530131 | Preoperative patients had one or two nasopharyngeal swabs, depending on low or high risk of viral transmission. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32530147 | Scope: The aim of this document has been to define standard procedures for dealing with dialysis patients once the first cases of novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (Covid-19) were confirmed among the Italian population. Applicability: These procedures, that refer exclusively to the hospital’s dialysis rooms, are currently implemented at the ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo in Milan and two smaller centers in the Milan area. Description: We describe the preemptive measures adopted by the staff at our dialysis unit since 24/02/2020, in order to slow down the transmission of Covid-19. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32530369 | New treatment options for patients with severe symptoms and ways of reducing transmission in the community are taken into consideration. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32530889 | We aimed to determine the point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a residential treatment program setting and to understand the unique challenges of Covid-19 transmission in this setting. […] Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing in residential substance use programs can be instituted to reduce the risk of further transmission and continue addiction treatment programming when accompanied by adequate space, supplies, and staffing. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32531128 | Almost all elective cardiac surgical operations have been postponed in order to reduce transmission and to allocate resources adequately. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32531146 | For reported infant infection a critical analysis was performed to evaluate the likelihood of vertical transmission. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32531154 | While not underestimating the importance of plastics in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, it is imperative not to undermine recent progress made in the sustainable use of plastics. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32531181 | In 82.00% of the cases, no risk factor of virus transmission was found. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32531341 | Despite the low prevalence and rapid regression of viral presence in the conjunctiva, SARS-CoV-2 transmission through tears may be possible, even in patients without apparent ocular involvement. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32531620 | Extra precautions need to be taken with personal protective equipment for these cases, as aerosolizing procedures may be a method of viral transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32531807 | On 23 March 2020 the United Kingdom went into lockdown to reduce transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-06-12 |
| 32532524 | Besides the high potential of the novel coronavirus in compromising the respiratory system, its rapid transmission and ability to engage many hosts in severe forms of infections or immunopathological complications make it a tough opponent for the immune system. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32532802 | Mitigation strategies that slow but do not interrupt transmission will still lead to COVID-19 epidemics rapidly overwhelming health systems, with substantial excess deaths in lower income countries due to the poorer health care available. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32532933 | Although the common transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 is the respiratory tract, it seems that other routes such as the gastrointestinal tract may be effective for the entry of the virus in the body. […] There is a greater need to better understand the mechanisms and risk factors of transmission routes. […] Here, this study provide the current epidemiological status (transmission routes and risk of transmission, possible origins and source, mortality and morbidity risk, and geographical distribution) of the SARS-CoV-2 in the world in 2020. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32532938 | There is no evidence of vertical maternal-fetal transmission in pregnant women with COVID-19. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32532940 | The pertinent need for masks arises from plausible dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2 through close contacts, as well as the possibility of virus transmission from asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and mildly symptomatic individuals. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32532941 | Here, we share some points that are essential to be considered while we prepare our institutions to prevent the transmission of emerging respiratory pathogens such as MERS-CoV and the recently emerging pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32532942 | In this meta-analysis, camels and bats were found to be positive by RT-PCR in over 10% of the cases for both; thus, suggesting their relevance in the maintenance of wild zoonotic transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32533556 | While the medical community understands the mode of viral transmission, less is known about how long viral shedding occurs once viral symptoms have resolved. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32533621 | Here, we summarize the general guidelines for oral health-care specialists for prevention of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, and provide specific recommendations for clinical care management. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32533847 | To illustrate dissemination and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) outbreak. […] Early, rapid, universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of both SNF residents and staff at the outset of an outbreak and then repeatedly thereafter is critical to mitigate viral transmission. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32533891 | This finding re-opened the discussion on possible male genital tract infection, virus shedding in semen, sexual transmission and safety of fertility treatments during the pandemic period [1]. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32534021 | To this end, this study found the negativity of SARS-CoV-2 in EPS and possibly exclude the sexual transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32534042 | In an analysis of fecal and respiratory specimens from patients with COVID-19 in quarantine in Korea, we found that the gastrointestinal tract could be a route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in patients with asymptomatic or mild disease, with no gastrointestinal symptoms. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32534175 | Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infection with COVID-19 can result in silent transmission to large numbers of individuals, resulting in expansion of the pandemic with a global increase in morbidity and mortality. […] Global implementation and online tracking of vital signs and scored questionnaires that are statistically validated would help health authorities properly allocate essential health care resources to test and isolate those at highest risk for transmission and poor outcomes. […] A randomized trial of ivermectin, and/or nutraceuticals that have been published to support immune function including glutathione, vitamin C, zinc, and immunomodulatory supplements (3,6 Beta glucan) could be beneficial in preventing transmission or lessening symptomatology but requires statistical validation. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32534188 | This review focuses on epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, pathogenesis, ongoing available treatments and future perspectives of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32534458 | Our study suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to her fetus/newborn seems to be uncommon if appropriate separation measures are performed at birth. […] · Agreement to separation of mothers and infants to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was high.. | 2020-06-13 |
| 32534626 | These results will inform countries considering the easing of restrictions aimed at curbing transmission. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32534945 | Special attention should be addressed toward asymptomatic carriers and workers in health care facilities as they play a key role in disease transmission. | 2020-06-14 |
| 32535302 | SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans and it appears to have its origin from zoonotic transmission similar to SARS-CoV (2002) and MERS-CoV (2012) (Andersen et al., 2020). | 2020-06-28 |
| 32535455 | Preventing the transmission of this virus during medical and dental procedures producing airborne particles and droplets, could be considered as one of the main venues in prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in health care facilities. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32536478 | Other possible factors affecting the course of the disease that are mostly speculative or under investigation are genetic factors and the origin of transmission or possible subtype of novel coronavirus. […] Whether the source of transmission is important in the clinical course of the disease is unknown. […] The aim of the study was to analyze whether the source of transmission is influential in the clinical course of the disease. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32536758 | At the same time, the transmission of the infection to the human host is caused by domestic animals that represent in the habitat the intermediate host. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32536760 | In this article, a mathematical model for the transmission of COVID-19 disease is formulated and analysed. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32536762 | It is well known that this immunity system can be affected by the age of the individual, so it is wise to consider an age-structured SEIR system to model Coronavirus transmission. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32537257 | In this brief technical report, we describe the integration of an orthopedic hood cover as an item for full barrier protection against COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32537527 | This, coupled with epidemiological reports, suggests that the serial interval of COVID-19 might increase as the pandemic progresses, which is rather intuitive: Increasing serial intervals can be attributed to gradual increases in public health interventions such as facility closures, public caution and social distancing, thus increasing the time between transmission events. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32537955 | We measured the levels of preventive behaviors (social distancing [avoiding physical contact with others]), and practicing transmission-reducing behaviors such as wearing face mask and handwashing. […] Practicing transmission-reducing behaviors (wearing face masks and handwashing) at least once during COVID-19 (78.8%, 80.2%) also increased compared to that during MERS-CoV (15.5%, 60.3%). […] The higher affective risk perception groups were more likely to practice transmission-reducing measures (adjusted odds ratio, 3.24-4.81; 95 confidence interval, 1.76-6.96) during both COVID-19 and MERS-CoV. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32538738 | We constructed complex models of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to pangolin or human ACE2, the receptor for virus transmission, and estimated the binding free energy changes using molecular dynamics simulation. | 2020-06-15 |
| 32538818 | METHODS: Pubmed and web search was conducted with following terms: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID19”, “COVID19 Urology”, COVID19 Surgery“,”COVID19 transmission“,”SARS-CoV-2 transmission“,”COVID19 nd minimally invasive surgery“,”SARS-CoV-2 and CO 2insuflation“. […] SARS-CoV-2screening 72 hours prior to surgery by clinical and epidemiological questionnaire and nasopharyngeal PCRis recommended, in order to prevent nosocomial transmission, professional infections and to minimize postoperative complications. […] MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda web y en PubMed con los términos: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID19”, “COVID19 Urology”, “COVID19 Surgery”, “COVID19 transmission”, “SARS-CoV-2 transmission”, “COVID19 and minimally invasive surgery”, “SARSCoV-2 and CO2 insuflation”. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32538935 | The national public health emergency management mechanisms need further strengthening with the proactive engagement of relevant ministries; we need a strong, real-time national surveillance system and capacity building of a critical mass of health care workers; there is a need to further assess infection prevention and control capacity; expand the network of virus diagnostic laboratories in the private sector with adequate surge capacity;implement participatory community engagement interventions and plan for a phased lockdown exit strategy enabling sustainable suppression of transmission at low-level and enabling in resuming some parts of economic and social life. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32539016 | To analyze data on the first 1,510 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Mexico, and to describe the geographical distribution of the disease and its transmission dynamics. […] Description of the first COVID-19 cases with real-time RT-PCR-positive test, as well as evaluation of epidemiological measures, cumulative incidence, rate of transmission, and mortality and lethality rates during the first month of the epidemic. […] In Mexico, social distancing is being applied, but studies are still required on the dynamics of the epidemic, person-to-person transmission, incidence of subclinical infections, and patient survival. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32539267 | The latter group poses the greatest risk of transmission. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32539283 | To minimize the production of airborne droplets, including pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from the endotracheal tube during procedures requiring lung deflation, we devised a technique to mitigate the risk of infection transmission to health care personnel. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32539876 | We identified 22 asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 and implemented infection control measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in congregate settings. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32540054 | It summarizes data concerning COVID-19 transmission, diagnosis, and clinical presentation highlighting the information significant for otolaryngologists. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32540369 | Local transmission of COVID-19 mainly occurred within families and a poorly ventilated public place in Tianjin. […] Besides the imported cases, the pattern of local transmission of COVID-19 was a mixture of the propagated epidemic and the common-source outbreak in Tianjin. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32540727 | We have developed an “easy-to-use” mathematical framework extending from a meta-population model embedding city-to-city connections to stratify the dynamics of transmission waves caused by imported, secondary, and others from an outbreak source region when control measures are considered. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32540738 | Public health guidelines and the risk of virus transmission have resulted in reconfiguration of methods to support and manage diabetic foot patients including remote consultations. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32540743 | Following identification of novel pathogens, questions in relation to dissemination of the pathogen and transmission routes begin to emerge. […] This rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus has been detected in both faecal and wastewater samples across the globe, highlighting the potential for faecal-oral transmission of the virus. […] As a result, concerns regarding the transmission of the virus in the environment and the risk associated with contracting the virus in recreational waters, particularly where inadequately treated wastewater is discharged, have been emerging in recent weeks. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32540744 | The case-crossover examines each COVID case as its own control at different time periods (before and after transmission occurred). […] We modeled the effect of temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission using a lag period of 7 days. […] Short-term exposure to humidity was positively associated with COVID-19 transmission in 4 cities. […] The associations were small with 3 out of 4 cities exhibiting higher COVID19 transmission with specific humidity that ranged from 6 to 9 g/kg. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32540749 | In addition, this population are potential vectors of transmission. […] Addiction care must be reinforced, instead of postponed, in order to avoid complications of both SUD and COVID-19 and to prevent the transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32540791 | Being already in the early stages after the peak of the pandemic, we still do not know for sure what its consequences will be in the short or long term, since there are important gaps in the knowledge of aspects as fundamental as the transmission mechanisms of the virus, its pathophysiology and immune response or its diagnosis. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32540840 | Public health authorities (PHAs) have been recommending interventions such as physical distancing and face masks, to curtail the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) within the community. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32540845 | All mobile terminal devices are wirelessly connected to the back-end data center to implement request sending and data transmission. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32541213 | However, in the context of COVID-19, tracheostomy placement pathways have been altered due to the poor prognosis of intubated patients as well as the risk of transmission to providers through this highly aerosolizing procedure. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32541232 | Measures to reduce potential transmission include appropriate personal protective equipment, evacuation and filtration of surgical plume, limiting energy device use if appropriate, and adjusting endoscopic and laparoscopic practice (low CO2 pressures, evacuation through ultrafiltration systems). […] The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV2 through aerosolized surgical smoke associated with energy device use is not fully understood, however transmission is biologically plausible. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32541273 | There is global lockdown for containment of the virus transmission. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32541371 | Hospital visitation restrictions have been widely implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as a means of decreasing the transmission of coronavirus. […] While decreasing transmission is an important goal, it is not the only goal that quality healthcare must aim to achieve. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32541529 | The geographic risk of transmission of the COVID-19 epidemic was thus determined using both magnitudes (i.e., Rasch scores and CFRs) for each country. […] We created an online algorithm that used the CFRs to display the geographic risks to understand COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32542159 | During this global health crisis, an improved understanding of the various presentations of COVID-19 is paramount in an effort to initiate immediate treatment and prevent further transmission. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32542208 | COVID-19 exhibits a strong human-to-human transmission infectivity and could cause acute respiratory diseases. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32542402 | In the midst of widespread community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, residents have sought information about COVID-19. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32542464 | We synthesized the evidence regarding efficacy and safety (review 1), as well as risks of droplet dispersion, aerosol generation, and associated transmission (review 2) of viral products. […] Review 2: we narratively summarized findings from studies evaluating droplet dispersion, aerosol generation, or infection transmission associated with HFNC. […] This benefit must be balanced against the unknown risk of airborne transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32542552 | An online questionnaire was created and it consisted of 12 questions testing their knowledge about COVID-19 clinical characteristics, transmission routes and prevention and control steps. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32543176 | Aerosol is a potential transmission route. […] We conducted the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to evaluate the aerosol transmission risk by using the South China Seafood Market as an example. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32543262 | In this article, the current evidence related to ocular transmission and ocular manifestations is reviewed. […] Several mechanisms for the ocular transmission of the virus are proposed with highlight on the nasolacrimal system as a conduit between the eye and the respiratory tract, and the role of the lacrimal gland in hematogenous spread. […] The exact pathophysiology of ocular transmission of the virus remains incompletely understood, although there is preliminary evidence of SARS-CoV-2 being detected in ocular secretions. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32543353 | Patients in the first wave also included several sporadic, local transmission cases. […] Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Taiwan revealed a new ORF8-deletion mutant and a virus clade that may be associated with infections in the Middle East, which contributed to a better understanding of the global SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32543722 | Importantly, these findings underscore that more research is needed to understand the viral transmission and the role asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals play in this global pandemic. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32543913 | Prevention of respiratory viral infections depends upon whether they are carried in respiratory droplets or as fine droplet nuclei (airborne or aerosol transmission). […] Airborne transmission of this virus has not been established, but is possible under special circumstances. […] Appropriate protective measures are necessary to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in various settings. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32543978 | Due to the rapid human to human transmission of Covid-19, we are in need to find a potent drug at the earliest by ruling-out the traditional time-consuming approach of drug development. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32544053 | We highlight key questions that serologic studies can help answer at different times, review strengths and limitations of different assay types and study designs, and discuss methods for rapid sharing and analysis of serologic data to determine global transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32544146 | Severe morbidity and mortality among women with MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, or SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pregnancy loss, preterm delivery, and laboratory evidence of vertical transmission, were reported. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32544156 | To explore the potential impact of the introduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site, we used a stochastic Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered (SEIR) transmission model with parameters derived from emerging literature and age as the primary determinant of infection severity. […] We considered three scenarios with different assumptions about the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2. […] On average, in the first 30 days of the outbreak, we expect 18 (95% prediction interval [PI], 2-65), 54 (95% PI, 3-223), and 370 (95% PI, 4-1,850) people infected in the low, moderate, and high transmission scenarios, respectively. […] Hospitalization needs exceeded the existing hospitalization capacity of 340 beds after 55-136 days, between the low and high transmission scenarios. […] We estimate 2,040 (95% PI, 1,660-2,500), 2,650 (95% PI, 2,030-3,380), and 2,880 (95% PI, 2,090-3,830) deaths in the low, moderate, and high transmission scenarios, respectively. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32544288 | The global COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with high rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, morbidity and mortality in the general population. […] There is currently insufficient evidence to suggest vertical transmission between mothers and their newborn infants. […] However, transmission can happen after birth from mothers or other carers. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32544375 | This study examined core belief violation and meaning making as mechanisms mediating the relationship between adherence to social isolation policies for mitigating coronavirus transmission and reduced coronavirus anxiety (CA). | 2020-06-16 |
| 32544566 | Together, these results suggest that ocular surface cells including conjunctiva are susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2, and could therefore serve as a portal of entry as well as a reservoir for person-to-person transmission of this virus. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32544611 | We discuss here what are the main features and components of children’s immune system, the role of maternal transmission of immunity, and what are the possible explanations for the seemingly lower infection rate and severity of COVI-19 in children. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32544669 | Few studies aimed on the transmission efficiency of asymptomatic carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. […] Furthermore, the transmission efficiency of asymptomatic carriers was lower than that of confirmed cases. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32544726 | After COVID-19 initial diffusion in Europe in March 2020, research has suggested a direct correlation between environmental pollution and contagion dynamics (i.e., environment-to-human pollution), thereby indicating that mechanisms other than human-to-human transmission can explain COVID-19 diffusion. […] This communication aims to focus on certain limitations of current research about environmental-to-human COVID-19 transmission and shows the benefit of an interdisciplinary, multi-dimensional approach to understand the geographical diversity of contagion diffusion patterns. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32544735 | Meteorological parameters are the critical factors affecting the transmission of infectious diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and influenza. […] This study investigates the role of Singapore’s hot tropical weather in COVID-19 transmission by exploring the association between meteorological parameters and the COVID-19 pandemic cases in Singapore. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32544961 | Our objective was to evaluate the impact of two strategies on transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers (HCW) on labor and delivery (L&D). […] In the base case using a COVID-19 prevalence of 0.36% (the rate in the United States at the time), universal screening is the preferred strategy because while universal PPE is more effective at preventing COVID-19 transmission, it is also more costly, costing $4,175,229 and $3,413,251 to prevent one infection in the setting of spontaneous and induced labor, respectively. | 2020-06-16 |
| 32545264 | A previously developed mechanistic model of COVID-19 transmission has been adapted and applied here to study the evolution of the disease and the effect of intervention measures in some European countries and territories where the disease has had a major impact. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32545268 | Meanwhile, in vitro studies show potential of caflanone to inhibit virus entry factors including, ABL-2, cathepsin L, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, Mip-1α, TNF-α), and PI4Kiiiβ as well as AXL-2, which facilitates mother-to-fetus transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32545378 | This study’s aims are to assess the current evidence presented in the literature regarding the potential risks of COVID-19 infection among pregnant women and consequent fetal transmission. a systematic literature review assessing papers published in the most comprehensive databases in the field of health intended to answer the question, "What are the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, and what is the neonatal prognosis? […] There is, however, no evidence of vertical transmission based on what has been assessed so far, considering there are knowledge gaps concerning the care provided during and after delivery, as well as a lack of suitable biological samples for testing SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32545412 | The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is largely driven by community transmission, after 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) crosses the borders. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32545477 | Dental clinics were suspected to be a hotspot for nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), yet there has been no clear recommendation about emergency dental care and appropriate personal protective equipment during pandemics. […] In this paper, we aim to summarize recommendations for (i) patient risk assessment, (ii) patient triage, and (iii) measures to prevent infection of health professionals and nosocomial transmission in dental clinics. […] Measures to prevent disease transmission based on current evidence were grouped for dental health professionals, dental clinics, and patients. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32545647 | Consideration is given to how understanding COVID-19 in the context of social determinants and stigma may be included in interventions to mitigate its transmission within vulnerable populations. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32546245 | We incorporated location-specific physical distancing measures (e.g. school closure or at work) and capture their effect on transmission dynamics. […] Using our online tool with the available social contact data, we illustrate that physical distancing could have a considerable impact on reducing transmission for COVID-19. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32546368 | One of the unknowns to be solved is whether there is a vertical transmission of the infection during pregnancy. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32546589 | It has been proven that converting large-scale public venues such as stadiums and exhibition centres into Fangcang shelter hospitals, which serve as hospitals for isolation, treatment and disease monitoring of patients with mild symptoms, is the most effective way to control virus transmission and reduce mortality. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32546823 | We identified counties that will probably be consistently, heavily affected relative to the rest of the country across a range of assumptions about transmission patterns, such as the basic reproductive rate, contact patterns and the efficacy of quarantine. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32546824 | Accordingly, we find that interventions aimed at children might have a relatively small impact on reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, particularly if the transmissibility of subclinical infections is low. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32546849 | Due to various symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and the possibility of asymptomatic transmission, there is a pressing need for a fast and sensitive detection protocol to diagnose asymptomatic people. […] Our newly optimized protocol should be helpful for the large-scale, high-fidelity screening of asymptomatic people, even without any high-specification equipment, for the further prevention of transmission, and to achieve early intervention and treatment for the rapidly propagating virus. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32547039 | Currently, the most reasonable and effective way to prevent COVID-19 is to control the source of infection, terminate routes of transmission, and protect susceptible populations. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32547222 | To prevent further spread of the disease, restrictions of population flow from the government and measures to reduce virus transmission from hospitals may lead to the delay of diagnosis and treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). | 2020-06-19 |
| 32547911 | In the opinion of the medical societies of hygiene and pediatrics undersigning the present statement, the analyses published to date regarding transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the course of CoVid-19 show that children play a much less significant role in the spread of the virus than do adults. […] Even the first analyses from China demonstrated that children and adolescents play a subordinate role in the transmission of the virus - not only to other children and adolescents, but also to adults. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32547932 | Given genetic homology between 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 2 and SARS-CoV, our case underscores the urgent need for further studies to understand the role of the gastrointestinal system in 2019 SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 pathogenesis. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32548166 | The clinical symptoms and prognosis of COVID-19 in pediatric patients may be different from those in adult patients, and the fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32548544 | Physician-guided home drain removal presents a potential opportunity for mitigating viral spread and transmission. […] During a time like the COVID-19 pandemic, innovative measures are necessary to curb transmission and infection rates. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32548601 | Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that human-to-human transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) most frequently occurs through virus-laden respiratory droplets discharged from infected individuals while coughing and sneezing. […] Aerosols can act as another potential transmission route. […] In order to prevent airborne transmission, dental offices should be sufficiently ventilated, with great emphasis placed upon removing bioaerosols. | 2020-06-18 |
| 32548651 | The transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan and Hubei Province differ considerably from those in the rest of China. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32549071 | The predominant route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is from human to human. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32549074 | The COVID-19 outbreak has led to the deferral of a great number of surgeries in an attempt to reduce transmission of infection, free up hospital beds, intensive care and anaesthetists, and limit aerosol-generating procedures. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32549076 | A concern with the use of minimally invasive techniques arose due to a proposed risk of viral transmission of the coronavirus disease with the creation of pneumoperitoneum. […] A literature review of viral transmission in surgery and of the available literature regarding the transmission of the COVID19 virus was performed up to April 30, 2020. […] Few studies have been performed on viral transmission during surgery. […] However, there is expert consensus on modification of standard practices to minimize any risk of transmission. | 2020-06-17 |
| 32549334 | Therefore, this review aims to provide insight on the pathogenesis and the transmission dynamics of CoVID-19 along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention strategies to mitigate the clinical manifestation of this virus. […] The causative virus, with its likely zoonotic origin, has demonstrated high pathogenicity in humans through increasing human-to-human transmission leading to extensive mitigation strategies, including patient quarantine and mass “social distancing” measures. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32549337 | Sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 cases in Mexico began after the confirmation of the first patient with community transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32550063 | The questions assessed awareness, attitude, and possible practices towards ensuring safety for themselves as well as breaking the chain of transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32550286 | Although this tool has been developed from COVID-19 experiences, it has potential to be modified for a variety of pandemic scenarios according to transmission modes, rates and critical care resource requirements. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32551025 | With upper endoscopy, manipulation of the upper aerodigestive tract can turn the droplets to an aerosolized form and increase the likelihood of transmission and therefore is considered a high-risk procedure. […] The emphasis of this communication is on the mode of transmission, previous experiences during other coronavirus outbreaks and society guidelines. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32551099 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to health care workers (HCW) poses a major burden in the current COVID-19 pandemic. […] Transmission mainly occurs by droplet transmission, or by aerosol generating procedures. […] Respirators such as filtering face piece masks (FFP2), also called respirators, are required to prevent transmission during aerosol generating procedures, as part of the personal protective equipment (PPE) for HCWs. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32551151 | First, it is a necessity to postpone many elective procedures/surgeries to reduce the burden of the healthcare system which may be confronted with strain by the increased speed of transmission. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32551408 | It is transmitted through droplets, contact, the fecal-oral route, and airborne transmission under certain conditions that allow droplets to combine with air particles to form an aerosol. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32551443 | The need to perform an emergency operative delivery in a timely manner while ensuring clinicians are suitably equipped and protected represents a uniquely challenging scenario, given the higher risk of viral transmission with aerosol generating procedures. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32551444 | Although various measures have been taken to stop human-to-human transmission in many countries, health care workers are in the high-risk zone for transmission as they deliver patient care. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32551453 | The exclusion of the disease is vital not only for recipients but also for the medical staff, transplantation teams, and intensive care professionals to reduce the transmission risk. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32551537 | Simple measures like frequent handwashing, facial masks, and other physical barriers are being commonly adopted to prevent virus transmission. […] However, their efficacy may be limited, particularly in shared indoor spaces, where, in addition to airborne transmission, elements with small surface areas such as elevator buttons, door handles, and handrails are frequently used and can also mediate transmission. […] We argue that additional measures are necessary to reduce virus transmission when people resume attending schools and jobs that require proximity or some degree of physical contact. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32551877 | Because SARS-CoV-2 is new, much is unknown regarding mechanisms of transmission, and such information is urgently needed. […] Here, based on previous findings from related human betacoronaviruses, it is suggested that one possible route of transmission may be via infectious sweat. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32551916 | To evaluate the feasibility, utility, and limitations of a rapid community behavioral diagnosis (RCBD) for social distancing behaviors to prevent coronavirus transmission during a global coronavirus pandemic. […] In a situation where local community action is paramount for reducing coronavirus transmission, this RCBD process is feasible and useful for informing local health promotion. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32552016 | The stress experienced by lower-income groups, coupled with job insecurity, could result in a large burden of mental health disorders in the United States in addition to increased cases of COVID-19 from workplace transmission. (Am J Public Health. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32552029 | The April 7, 2020, Wisconsin election produced a large natural experiment to help understand the transmission risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-06-19 |
| 32552229 | To review the current literature on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virology and transmission; to present a decision tree for risk stratifying oculofacial plastic and orbital surgeries; and to generate personal protective equipment (PPE) recommendations by risk category. […] We summarize COVID-19 virology and transmission, as well as practice considerations for oculofacial plastic and orbital surgeons. […] Although SARS-CoV-2 is known to be transmitted predominantly by droplet mechanisms, some studies suggest that transmission is possible through aerosols. […] Risk of transmission increases when manipulating structures known to harbor high viral loads. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32552296 | Background: The transmission of respiratory viruses such as influenza and corona viruses from one person to another is still not fully understood. Methods: A literature search showed that there is a strong scientific rationale and evidence that viruses are very efficiently spread through aerosols by the patient’s breathing only. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32552642 | The 2019-nCoV first broke out in Wuhan and subsequently spreads worldwide owing to its extreme transmission efficiency. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32552867 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to health care workers (HCW) poses a major burden in the current COVID-19 pandemic. […] Transmission mainly occurs by droplet transmission, or by aerosol generating procedures. […] Respirators such as filtering face piece masks (FFP2), also called respirators, are required to prevent transmission during aerosol generating procedures, as part of the personal protective equipment (PPE) for HCWs. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32553046 | Surveillance of such parasites is dependent on identifying false-negative RDT results among suspected malaria cases, a task made more challenging during the current pandemic because of the overlap of symptoms between malaria and COVID-19, particularly in areas of low malaria transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32553059 | Variations in mink-derived viral genomes showed between-mink transmission and no infection link between the farms. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32553893 | The rapid growth of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, limited availability of personal protective equipment, and uncertainties regarding transmission modes of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have heightened concerns for safety of healthcare workers (HCWs). | 2020-06-22 |
| 32554029 | This result warrants its airborne transmission potential. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32554034 | Identifying and isolated super-spreaders, understanding the reasons behind the efficient transmission ability are important for the control and management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-06-21 |
| 32554861 | No hospital-related transmission was observed. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32554907 | Since animal models are critical for vaccine development and SARS-CoV-2 has different transmission dynamics, in this review we compare different animal models of SARS-CoV-2 with humans for their pathogenic, immune response and transmission dynamics that make them ideal models for vaccine testing for COVID-19. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32555134 | These data are used to monitor trends in COVID-19 illness, identify and respond to localized incidence increase, and inform policies and practices designed to reduce transmission in the United States. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32555138 | Implementation of nationwide public health orders to limit person-to-person interaction and of guidance on personal protective practices can slow transmission (2,3). | 2020-06-22 |
| 32555182 | These results structurally demonstrate a close evolutionary relationship between HKU2/SADS-CoV and β-coronavirus spikes and provide insights into the evolution and cross-species transmission of coronaviruses. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32555947 | Endoscopy units, endoscopists, and other HCP may be at a significant risk for transmission of the virus. […] We also detailed hospital protocols for reprocessing endoscopes and cleaning rooms and also provided recommendations to minimize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32556034 | Given the risks of transmission between patients and healthcare providers, there is a great challenge for healthcare institutions who must balance resources to assure safe care to patients and professionals while they take care of other disease patients, and perform surgical procedures that need to be carried out. […] Under such circumstances, as COVID-19 can also present pre- or asymptomatic transmission, it can be challenging to identify patients who are carrying and spreading the virus. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32556147 | As discussed, some tenets of DKA management may require flexibility in the setting of COVID-19 due to important public health goals such as preventing transmission to highest risk individuals, reducing health care worker exposure to infected patients and preserving personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2020-06-19 |
| 32556265 | Knowledge on the epidemiological features and transmission patterns of COVID-19 is accumulating. […] Detailed line-list data with household settings can advance the understanding of COVID-19 transmission dynamics. […] A unique database with detailed demographic characteristics, travel history, social relationships, and epidemiological timelines for 1,407 transmission pairs that formed 643 transmission clusters in mainland China was reconstructed from 9,120 COVID-19 confirmed cases reported during January 15 - February 29, 2020. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32556449 | In this period of the Covid-19 pandemic, a protective mask has become a common object of use to contain virus transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32556788 | Tracheostomy care involves many potentially aerosol generating procedures which may pose a risk of viral transmission to staff and patients. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32556793 | In locations with significant rates of viral transmission, social distancing measures and enforced ‘lockdowns’ are the new ‘norm’ as governments try to prevent healthcare services from being overwhelmed. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32557815 | This commentary shares with the international community how an adaptive model of health system organization and responses helped Vietnam to break transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32557965 | Droplet transmission and person-person transmission appear to be the main route of transmission of COVID-19, however asymptomatic patients are also carriers of the virus (Rothe et al. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32558514 | Its main means of transmission is from person to person through respiratory droplets. […] Outpatient management using telemedicine turned out to be optimal, avoiding the use of beds and the transmission of the virus within the hospital through management at home. […] Outpatient management of selected patients avoids virus transmission within the hospital and saturation of beds. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32558644 | These data demonstrate how infection prevention and control measures including staff testing may help prevent hospitals from becoming independent ‘hubs’ of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and illustrate how, with appropriate precautions, organisations in other sectors may be able to resume on-site work safely. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32558983 | The main path of COVID-19 transmission is through droplets (The Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, 2020) from the oral cavity. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32559451 | To maintain control of infection while also reducing disruption to populations, there is a need to understand what combination of measures-including novel digital tracing approaches and less intensive physical distancing-might be required to reduce transmission. […] We aimed to estimate the reduction in transmission under different control measures across settings and how many contacts would be quarantined per day in different strategies for a given level of symptomatic case incidence. […] For this mathematical modelling study, we used a model of individual-level transmission stratified by setting (household, work, school, or other) based on BBC Pandemic data from 40 162 UK participants. […] We estimated that combined isolation and tracing strategies would reduce transmission more than mass testing or self-isolation alone: mean transmission reduction of 2% for mass random testing of 5% of the population each week, 29% for self-isolation alone of symptomatic cases within the household, 35% for self-isolation alone outside the household, 37% for self-isolation plus household quarantine, 64% for self-isolation and household quarantine with the addition of manual contact tracing of all contacts, 57% with the addition of manual tracing of acquaintances only, and 47% with the addition of app-based tracing only. […] If limits were placed on gatherings outside of home, school, or work, then manual contact tracing of acquaintances alone could have an effect on transmission reduction similar to that of detailed contact tracing. […] If combined with moderate physical distancing measures, self-isolation and contact tracing would be more likely to achieve control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission. | 2020-06-19 |
| 32559534 | This paper investigates the correlation between the high level of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection accelerated transmission and lethality, and surface air pollution in Milan metropolitan area, Lombardy region in Italy. […] At this moment it is not clear if through airborne diffusion, in the presence of outdoor and indoor aerosols, this protein “spike” of the new COVID-19 is involved in the infectious agent transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host during the highest nosocomial outbreak in some agglomerated industrialized urban areas like Milan is. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32560044 | A reliable diagnostic assay is crucial to early detect new COVID-19 cases and limit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32560091 | The pathogenic particles that are generated by coughing and sneezing remain suspended in the air or attach to a surface to facilitate transmission in an aerosol form. […] COVID-19 diagnosis and the prediction of virus transmission are analyzed by machine learning algorithms, simulations, and digital monitoring. […] Therefore, technological developments, biomedical research, and policy development are needed to decipher the coronavirus mechanism and epidemiological characteristics, prevent transmission, and develop therapeutic drugs. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32560667 | Rampant spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cities clearly signals that urban areas contain conditions favorable for rapid transmission of the virus. […] Viewing COVID-19 with a Critical Medical Ecological lens suggests three important interpretations: 1) COVID-19 is equally - if not more - a socially-driven disease as much as a biomedical disease, 2) the present interventions available for primary prevention of transmission are social and behavioral interventions, and 3) wide variation in COVID-19 hospitalization/death rates is not expected to significantly be attributable to a more virulent and rapidly-evolving virus, but rather to differences in social and behavioral factors - and power dynamics - rather than (solely) biological and clinical factors. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32560915 | Our results indicate an early transmission of COVID-19 in Mexico. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32561220 | The identification of sudden loss of the sense of smell during COVID-19 pandemic may serve as a sentinel symptom and may be a warning to establish measures to prevent the transmission of the disease. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32561681 | A predictive epidemic model estimated a reproduction number of 2.2; cumulative cases deviated favorably from the model from the fourth week, suggesting that the implemented measures controlled transmission. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562137 | Knowledge of aerosol generation and distribution in the OR will aid the design of strategies to reduce transmission risk. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32562351 | Several possible pathways for viral transmission appear in the literature. […] During surgery, viral particles are released, aerosole-borne and present a certain risk for transmission and infection. […] Local separation of anesthesia/intubation and operation theatre can reduce the danger of viral transmission. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562397 | Prolonged RT PCR positivity in the stool has raised the possibility of feco-oral transmission. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32562422 | In a major London teaching hospital, 66/435 (15%) of COVID-19 inpatient cases between 2 March and 12 April 2020 were definitely or probably hospital-acquired, through varied transmission routes. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562478 | Moreover, personal umbrella policies also often exclude liability arising out of the transmission of a communicable disease, especially a pandemic state, is declared. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32562601 | We aimed to estimate the secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among household and non-household close contacts in Guangzhou, China, using a statistical transmission model. […] In this retrospective cohort study, we used a comprehensive contact tracing dataset from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 (defined as the probability that an infected individual will transmit the disease to a susceptible individual) among household and non-household contacts, using a statistical transmission model. […] Older individuals (aged ≥60 years) are the most susceptible to household transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] In addition to case finding and isolation, timely tracing and quarantine of close contacts should be implemented to prevent onward transmission during the viral incubation period. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562826 | Herein, we present an overview of the antiviral activity and potential mechanisms of resveratrol against the respiratory tract viruses considered as a public threat for their rapid transmission and high morbidity and mortality in the general population. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562832 | Telemedicine offers support to vulnerable vascular patients without the need for travel and face-to-face hospital consultation, and so avoided transmission and infection. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562846 | Asymptomatic patients may be contagious and thus a potential source of transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-06-20 |
| 32562915 | SARS-CoV-2 transmission is mainly airborne from one person to another via droplets. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32562948 | In this frame it is suggested that parameters other than environmental pollution (accounting for pollution-to-human transmission mechanisms), as for example parameters involving commercial exchanges (accounting for human-to-human transmission mechanisms), should be considered to better justify the difference in the initial diffusion of virus in Italy. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32563080 | A serious threat of nosocomial spread exists and as such, there is a critical necessity for well-planned and rehearsed processes during the care of the COVID-19 positive and suspected patient to minimize transmission and risk to healthcare providers and other patients. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32563134 | In order to reduce transmission of COVID-19, social distancing measures were proposed, including spatial distancing (2m distance), or even generalized lockdown. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32563272 | Although the epidemiology and transmission of EVD and COVID-19 differ, leveraging the public health infrastructures and experiences from coordinating the EVD response to guide the public health response to COVID-19 is critical. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32563674 | The Ministry of Health (MOH) has made the public aware of the virus transmission patterns and the importance of quarantine and curfew. | 2020-06-21 |
| 32563676 | Transmission EM did not identify viral particles in three cases. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32563940 | Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made in the present work to identify the barriers which hinder the implementation of these public health and social measures METHODS: The barriers to implement public health and social measures for preventing transmission of COVID-19 are identified using systematic literature review and these barriers are then categorized using Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. […] Results reveal that among ten identified barriers, Lack of resources for implementing public health and social measures is found to be the most influential barrier to implement public health and social measures for preventing transmission of COVID-19. […] The outcome of this research work will benefit and motivate the higher authorities to consider and overcome various challenges to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32563999 | This article reviews the current state of knowledge concerning the origin, transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] The virus is believed to be acquired from zoonotic source and spreads through direct and contact transmission. | 2020-06-21 |
| 32564028 | Aerosols can cause transmission of infectious, virus-laden particles. | 2020-06-21 |
| 32564248 | To decrease the rate of transmission of the COVID-19 and limit exposure to patients, providers in Hillsborough County, Florida (and nationwide) are rapidly transitioning to telehealth. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32564256 | Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has attracted much attention around the world due to its rapid transmission among humans and relatively high mortality rate. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32564413 | SARS-CoV-2 is mostly transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact routes, but the WHO also states that “airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures or support treatments that generate aerosols are performed” (WHO, 2020). | 2020-06-21 |
| 32565272 | Currently, strategies to deal with COVID-19 are purely supportive and preventative, aimed at reducing transmission. […] An effective and simple method for reducing transmission of infections in the public or healthcare settings is hand hygiene. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32565364 | The list is drawn from pandemic mitigation tools developed in response to past outbreaks including influenza, coronaviruses, and Ebola and includes tools to minimize transmission in various settings including person-to-person, crowd, funerals, travel, workplace, and events and gatherings including business, social and religious venues. […] While individuals and communities have significant responsibilities to prevent person-to-person transmission, other entities can play a significant role to enable individuals and communities to make use of the tools. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32565599 | As the transmission rate is quite alarming, we require an effective therapeutic strategy to treat symptomatic patients and adopt the preventive measures in order to contain the infection and prevent community transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32565620 | Elasticity and sensitivity analysis indicates that model is more sensitive towards the transmission rate from exposed to infected classes rather than transmission rate from susceptible to exposed class. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32565812 | Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact routes. […] This article provides a brief overview of the structure of the virus, modes of transmission, and clinical features of COVID-19 disease. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32565904 | This article reports the response of a comprehensive cancer centre in a lower-middle income country to prevent COVID-19 transmission and how the implementation of pragmatic strategies have served as a springboard to improve cancer services beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32566169 | Coughing and sneezing were identified as a transmission route by 89.5% of respondents, while indirect hand contact was the least commonly identified transmission route, recognized by 72.6% of respondents. […] A greater number of preventive measures were taken by those with more knowledge of potential transmission routes. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32566234 | Knowledge on the outbreak and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Nigeria would assist in provision of preventive measures to reduce transmission among populations at risk. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32566555 | We aimed to conduct a rapid review of mother-to-child transmission of COVID-19 during breastfeeding. […] We included studies relevant to transmission through milk and respiratory droplets during breastfeeding of mothers with COVID-19, SARS, MERS and influenza. […] Mothers with COVID-19 should take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk of transmission via droplets and close contact during breastfeeding. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32566563 | Telemedicine, which includes medical advice given over telephone, Internet, mobile phone applications or other similar ways, may be an efficient way to reduce transmission and pressure on medical institutions. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32566574 | A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan (China) is known to be caused by a novel beta-coronavirus named the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can be spread through human-to-human transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32567041 | To evaluate the risk of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after exposure to a COVID-19+ physician in a retina clinic. […] Low risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the ophthalmic setting was observed when universal safety measures such as social distancing, meticulous hand hygiene, enlarged breath shields, and mask wear during procedures were taken. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32567653 | Preventing transmission of COVID-19 within prisons is both important and challenging. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32567725 | As all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been very little concern expressed over the effects on one’s mental health and on strategies to prevent stigmatization. […] People’s behavior may greatly affect the pandemic’s dynamic by altering the severity, transmission, disease flow, and repercussions. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32567800 | Government guidelines and restrictions implemented to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 community transmission have forced radiation therapy departments to promptly adjust to the significant impact on our ability to deliver best clinical care. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32567823 | Since viral transmission occurs through the droplets emitted during coughing or sneezing, the lungs are primarily affected. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32567938 | We know that the route of transmission of the disease is through saliva droplets produced by speaking, coughing and sneezing. […] Pending further clinical studies able to clarify the infection and transmission dynamics, it is therefore important to apply also in children all preventive and hygiene measures recommended by the health authorities during dental treatment. […] During procedures that generate aerosols, the use of proper PPE is crucial to minimise the risk of transmission. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32568064 | This equipment must be appropriate to the pathogen transmission route that, in the case of SARS-CoV-2, occurs through droplet and contact routes. […] Airborne transmission may occur when aerosol-generating procedures are performed. […] The use of different, or higher than necessary, level of personal protective equipment, for the transmission route of the agent, is a form of misuse and can affect its supply for situations when it is clearly indicated. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32568070 | We collated contact tracing data from COVID-19 clusters in Singapore and Tianjin, China and estimated the extent of pre-symptomatic transmission by estimating incubation periods and serial intervals. […] The serial intervals are shorter than incubation periods, suggesting that pre-symptomatic transmission may occur in a large proportion of transmission events (0.4-0.5 in Singapore and 0.6-0.8 in Tianjin, in our analysis with intermediate cases, and more without intermediates). […] Given the evidence for pre-symptomatic transmission it is vital that even individuals who appear healthy abide by public health measures to control COVID-19. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32568401 | These findings suggest that cooperation among the authorities of multiple sectors allowed for the implementation of preventive measures that were associated with limited community transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32568665 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, communities need efficient methods to monitor asymptomatic patients to reduce transmission. […] CTCs could be an alternative to hospital admission for isolating patients and preventing community transmission. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32568667 | Under such circumstances, the use of mathematical models to evaluate the transmission risk of COVID-19 in various facilities represents an important tool in assisting authorities to make informed decisions. […] In this paper, an agent-based model to evaluate the COVID-19 transmission risks in facilities is presented. […] The proposed scheme has been designed to simulate the spatiotemporal transmission process. […] Such rules correspond to spatial patterns and infection conditions under which agents interact to characterize the transmission process. […] Experimental results have demonstrated that the simulations provide useful information to produce strategies for reducing the transmission risks of COVID-19 within the facilities. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32568725 | As the coronavirus has the characteristics of strong transmission and weak lethality, and since the large-scale increase of infected people may drag down the healthcare systems, efforts are needed to treat critical patients, track and manage the health status of residents, and isolate suspected patients. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32568806 | In-hospital transmission is one of the main routes of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading among health care workers (HCWs) who are the frontline fighters. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32569488 | Modelling also assists in understanding the link between the biological processes that underpin transmission events and the population-level dynamics of the disease. Conclusion: There is no one-size-fits-all approach in managing disease outbreak. | 2020-06-22 |
| 32569591 | These advancements include sound visualization, ambient noise reduction/cancellation, Bluetooth™ transmission, and computer algorithm diagnostic support. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32569635 | These findings may impact a test based clearance discharge criteria given patients with COVID-19 may shed virus longer in their lower respiratory tracts, with potential implication for prolonged transmission risk. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32569839 | We evaluated the spread pattern of COVID-19 in South Korea considering the potential impact of policy interventions on transmission rates. […] The SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) model with a breakpoint that allows a change in transmission rate at an unknown point was proposed. […] The estimated breakpoint was March 7th and the transmission rate dropped by 0.23 after the breakpoint. […] It is critical to consider a change in the transmission rate to evaluate the spread trajectory of COVID-19 in South Korea. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32569870 | Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understood. […] This review paper intends to outline the literature concerning the transmission of virus-laden droplets and aerosols in different environmental settings and demonstrates the behavior of droplets and aerosols resulted from a cough-jet of an infected person in various confined spaces. […] The case studies that have come out in different countries have, with prima facie evidence, manifested that the airborne transmission plays a profound role in contracting susceptible hosts. […] The infection propensities in confined spaces (airplane, passenger car, and healthcare center) by the transmission of droplets and aerosols under varying ventilation conditions were discussed. […] Interestingly, the nosocomial transmission by airborne SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden aerosols in healthcare facilities may be plausible. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32569904 | However, data regarding the effects of meteorological factors on its transmission are limited and inconsistent. […] A mechanism-based parameterisation scheme was developed to investigate the association between the scaled transmission rate (STR) of COVID-19 and the meteorological parameters in 20 provinces/municipalities located on the plains in China. […] A negative and exponential relationship was identified between the transmission rate and the temperature (correlation coefficient, -0.56; 99% confidence level). […] Therefore, a higher population density was linearly whereas a lower temperature (<0 °C) was exponentially associated with an increased transmission rate of COVID-19. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32570023 | We concluded that, besides the high infectuousness of the novel Coronavirus, the transmission of the pathogen may be efficiently contained applying the adequate preventive measures (e.g., personal protection equipments, and disinfecting agents), indicated by national and international health authories. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32570084 | The novelty this year concerns that the world population will have to deal with a new situation that foresees the application of specific measures, including adjunctive personal protective equipment (i.e. facemasks and gloves), in order to reduce the potential transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. […] These measures should help to decrease the risk of the infection transmission but will also represent an aggravating factor to counteract the heat effects on the population health both at occupational and environmental level. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32570959 | Further studies are needed to investigate the possibility of vertical transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32571147 | Considerations of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission, conserving personal protective equipment, and prioritizing care delivery based on acuity have dictated clinical decision making in the acute phase of the pandemic. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32571302 | Less than half reported study design; the majority were modeling studies (62%), and analyzed transmission/risk/prevalence (43%). | 2020-06-25 |
| 32571455 | The transmission risk of asymptomatic or subclinical COVID-19 should be taken seriously. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32571661 | To describe the factors related to the situation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission identified by health professionals in Spain and to propose prevention strategies. […] Healthcare professionals infected by SARS-CoV-2 identified the management of the chain of infection transmission, the use and adequacy of protective equipment, as well as the effectiveness of handwashing as factors related to the transmission of the virus among professionals. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32571980 | Combining excess ILI counts with the date of onset of community transmission in the US, we also show that the early epidemic in the US was unlikely to have been doubling slower than every 4 days. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32572128 | During the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, obesity may contribute to COVID-19 transmission and deterioration. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32572336 | We present a fractional-order model for the COVID-19 transmission with Caputo-Fabrizio derivative. […] We also present numerical results to simulate virus transmission and compare the results with those of the Caputo derivative. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32572379 | This article aims to give a brief outline of the pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and how to safely navigate an arthroplasty practice during and after the pandemic. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32572552 | In this article we recapitulate the molecular mechanisms of host cell entry of SARS-CoV‑2 and discuss the current evidence for a potential conjunctival transmission of SARS-CoV‑2. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32573285 | Various alternatives to ordinary PPE have been suggested to reduce transmission, which is primarily through droplets and aerosols. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32573353 | Rapid identification, and effective control measures helped to contain the outbreak and prevent community transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32573894 | Evidence suggests that asymptomatic carriers might transmit the SARS-CoV-2, challenging the implementation of transmission preventive strategies. […] We report a single-center experience using universal SARS-CoV-2 screening for all inpatients and newly admitted patients to an Organ Transplant Unit located in a region with significantly high community-based transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574110 | Reports of placental infection and vertical transmission are rare. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574232 | Fecal-oral transmission is a common transmission route for many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. […] Blocking the path of fecal-oral transmission, which occurs commonly in toilet usage, is of fundamental importance in suppressing the spread of viruses. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574261 | Therefore, there is urgent need to characterize the virus and the viral-mediated responses, in order to develop specific diagnostic and therapeutic tools to prevent viral transmission and efficiently cure COVID-19 patients. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32574265 | The first case of human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China in December 2019. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32574266 | This is likely to be further enhanced, since millions of people worldwide are isolated in quarantine to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and social isolation can also lead to neuroendocrine-immune changes. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32574273 | Finally, a direct effect of GL or GA to reduce virus transmission exists, which may involve reduced expression of type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2), which is required for virus uptake. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32574282 | Epidemiological investigation indicated that the reproductive number (R0) under containment strategies was 1.81, and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers were contagious with a transmission rate of 10.7%. […] Therefore, it is important to assess the transmissibility of infected asymptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 transmission; moreover, clinicians should be alert to the high incidence of co-infection with M. pneumoniae in COVID-19 patients. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32574285 | The purpose of this mini-review was to investigate what is in the scientific literature, so far, in regard to vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Data were obtained independently by the two authors, who carried out a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane, Scopus and SciELO databases using the Medical Subject Heading terms “coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “vertical transmission.” Few studies about the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are found in the literature. […] In conclusion, to date, no convincing evidence has been found for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574286 | Soon, transmission from person to person was confirmed and the virus spread to many other countries. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574287 | Materno-fetal transmission of the disease is controversial. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574291 | The newly emerging virus brings with it uncertainty-not only regarding its behavior and transmission dynamics but also regarding the current lack of approved antiviral therapy or vaccines-and this represents a major challenge for decision makers at various levels and sectors. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574296 | These patients may present to clinics lacking proper precautions, leading to nosocomial transmission, and infection of workers. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574309 | Evidence of efficient human-to-human virus transmission was found. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574313 | Most students believed that hand shaking (93.7%), kissing (94.7%), exposure to contaminated surfaces (97.4%), and droplet inhalation (91.0%) are the primary mode of transmission but were indecisive regarding airborne transmission with only 41.8% in support. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574314 | The survey was structured to assess their knowledge about viral sources, incubation period, mortality rate, transmission, symptoms and complications as well as the source of information about COVID-19. Results:Overall, 56.5% of the respondents showed good knowledge and almost 40.5% showed moderate knowledge. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574315 | One model to forecast disease spread depends on clinical parameters and transmission rates. […] A likelihood for the transmission parameters is defined from a gaussian density for r using the mean and standard error of the estimate. […] In a 12 week lockdown from 24 March with transmission parameters reduced throughout to 5% of their previous values, peaks of around 90,000 severely and 25,000 critically ill patients, and 44,000 cumulative deaths are expected by 16 June. […] With transmission rising from 5% in mid-April to reach 30%, 50,000 deaths and 475,000 active cases are expected in mid-June. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574318 | Since the first reports that the novel coronavirus was showing human-to-human transmission characteristics and asymptomatic cases, the number of patients with associated pneumonia has continued to rise and the epidemic has grown. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574319 | Understanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is crucial for evaluating its spread pattern, especially in metropolitan areas of China, as its spread could lead to secondary outbreaks. […] For example, in Beijing, the predicted peak number of cases was 467 with a peak time of March 01, 2020; however, if the city were to implement different levels (strict, moderate, or weak) of travel restrictions or regulation measures, the estimation results showed that the transmission dynamics would change and that the peak number of cases would differ by between 54% and 209%. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574338 | India, with a population of more than 1.34 billion-the second largest population in the world-will have difficulty in controlling the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among its population. […] Moreover, the Indian government implemented a 55-days lockdown throughout the country that started on March 25th, 2020, to reduce the transmission of the virus. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574342 | The main form of COVID-19 transmission is via “oral-respiratory droplet contamination” (droplet: very small drop of liquid) produced when individuals talk, sneeze, or cough. […] The prevention of “environmental droplet contamination” (EnvDC) from coughing/sneezing/speech is fundamental to reducing transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574345 | Our case of COVID-19 in a 32-week premature baby from the UK was delivered by emergency caesarean section, with the mother wearing a face mask and the family having no contact with the neonate, suggesting vertical transmission. […] Neonatal infection is uncommon, with only two previously reported cases likely to be of vertical transmission. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574346 | Although hospitals in China reduced outpatient visits and restricted inpatient admission to lower the risk of transmission of COVID-19, this has significantly affected patients in need of medical attention, for example, patients with emotional disorders. | 2020-06-23 |
| 32574762 | Unlike face masks which provided some protection against both aerosols and droplets, slit lamp shields conferred protection only against direct large droplet transmission, with a limited role in reducing aerosol transmission risk. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32575763 | A 54-item, valid, and reliable questionnaire, including items on demographic characteristics and past medical history, stress levels, awareness about signs and symptoms of COVID-19, knowledge about at-risk groups and prevention methods, knowledge about transmission methods, trust in sources of information, and availability of facemasks and sanitizers, was deployed via social and mass media networks. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32576055 | Our review yielded in 10 categories (i) the risk of diagnostic procedures in suspected mothers on fetus/infant health, (ii) the risk of intrauterine or postpartum transmission to the fetus/infant, (iii) appropriate method and delivery time in women with confirmed COVID-19, (iv) umbilical cord clamping and skin to skin contact, (v) clinical manifestations of infected infants, (vi) confirmation of infection in a suspected neonate/infant, (vii) instructions for infant’s care and how to feed her/him, (viii) bathing the baby, (ix) the criteria of discharging baby from the hospital, (x) the impact of isolation on the maternal mental health.Results: Our findings showed that the possibility of intrauterine or perinatal transmission of COVID-19 is still questionable and ambiguous. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32576263 | In the human population, social contacts are a key for transmission of bacteria and viruses. […] The use of face masks seems to be critical to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for the period, in which therapeutic interventions are lacking. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32576605 | Taking recent estimates for COVID-19 transmission we predict that under effective contact tracing less than 1 in 6 cases will generate any subsequent untraced infections, although this comes at a high logistical burden with an average of 36 individuals traced per case. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32576696 | We estimate variation in deaths arising due to a simulated random infection of 10% of the population living in private households and subsequent within-household transmission of the virus. […] The coresidence patterns of elderly persons in Africa and parts of Asia increase these countries’ vulnerability to deaths induced by within-household transmission of COVID-19. […] In a second step, we estimate to what extent avoiding primary infections for specific age groups would prevent subsequent deaths due to within-household transmission of the virus. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32577087 | Imported COVID-19 cases have reduced but local transmission persists and there is a trend toward cases being admitted to SLH from densely populated areas. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32577830 | Recent scientific evidences suggest a relevant role of the oral cavity in the transmission and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. […] Similarly, a decrease in the oral viral load would diminish the amount of virus expelled and reduce the risk of transmission, since (i) during the first 10 days, the virus mainly accumulates at the nasal, oral, and pharyngeal area; (ii) the number of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor is greater in the salivary glands as compared with the lungs; and (iii) salivary droplets represent the most relevant transmission route. […] Antiseptic mouth rinses, such as those containing cetylpyridinium chloride or povidone-iodine, may be able to decrease the severity of COVID-19 by reducing oral viral load in infected subjects and decreasing the risk of transmission by limiting viral load in droplets, generated in normal life, or in aerosols, produced during dental procedures. […] Antiseptic mouth rinses may help in decreasing the severity of COVID-19 and in reducing the risk of transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32577897 | This is then connected to a suction to remove airborne particles and thus reduce transmission of the virus. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32577905 | Due to the close work with mucosa surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract, otolaryngologists and surrounding staff are considered high risk for coronavirus transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32577997 | India, like other countries, implemented a nationwide lockdown to contain and curb the transmission of the virus. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32578006 | The analysis includes (i) epidemic curve of Covid-19 cases (ii) demographic analysis (iii) calculation of the CFR and CRR by different methods (iv) calculation of MR (v) Geo-temporal analysis (vi) epidemiological transmission factor (vii) evaluation of the effects and impact of infection, prevention and control in India. […] The prevention and control measures taken by the state and central governments at all levels and measure of maintenance of social distancing by people have resulted in effective curbing in the COVID-19 transmission in India. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32578263 | Out of two studies on semen samples from COVID-19 affected patients, one reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen samples while the other denied it, raising conflict about its presence in the semen samples and the possibility of sexual transmission. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32578793 | We analyzed 20 recent publications on breastfeeding, Covid-19, and its transmission through breastmilk. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32578821 | Extreme intra and extra-hospital measures have been implemented to decrease the transmission and dissemination of the COVID-19. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32578915 | Concerns have been raised by healthcare organisations in New Zealand that routine mask use by healthcare workers (HCW) may increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through increased face touching. […] Although limited, current evidence suggests that viral carriage on the outer surface of surgical masks worn by HCW treating patients with clinical respiratory illness is low and there was not strong evidence to support the assumption that mask use may increase the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32578943 | The emergence of COVID-19 global pandemic coupled with high transmission rate and mortality has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32579256 | The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in ocular samples highlights the role of the eye as a possible route of transmission of the disease. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32579264 | Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures have been restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic, in part to reduce inpatient occupancy and minimize pressure on critical care and anaesthesia but also because of concern for the potential for transmission of infection via aerosols created by laparoscopy. | 2020-06-24 |
| 32579906 | The local epidemic progressed through four phases: (i) preparedness and imported infection from mainland China, (ii) local transmission, (iii) imported infection from overseas countries associated with local transmission, and (iv) controlled imported infection with limited local transmission, with an eventual reduction of daily case number and minimization of onset-to-admission interval. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32579983 | In hospitals this leads to poor patient flow and nosocomial transmission and so rapid, accurate diagnostic tests are urgently required. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32580429 | In the past century, dramatic shifts in demographics, globalization and urbanization have facilitated the rapid spread and transmission of infectious diseases across continents and countries. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32580440 | Covid-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter (PM) could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32580461 | In the next months, conclusive data on obstetrical outcomes concerning the gestational age and pregnancy comorbidity as well as the eventual maternal-fetal transmission are needed. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32580531 | The objective of the study was to conduct a follow-up investigation of 10 asymptomatic patients at diagnosis among the 98 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Busan between February 21 and March 13, 2020 to determine whether asymptomatic infection and transmission during asymptomatic period are possible. […] With regard to whether transmission during the asymptomatic period is possible, it was found that one out of 23 household contacts of the confirmed patients was identified as an additional confirmed case after coming in close contact with an index patient during the presymptomatic period. […] In addition, there was one additional confirmed case in which the patient was a family member who came in close contact with an index patient during the incubation period, thereby confirming that transmission during the asymptomatic period is possible. […] The possibility of transmission during the asymptomatic period has been confirmed; therefore, it is necessary to review the measures for expanding contact tracing that is currently being applied starting one day prior to the onset of symptoms. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32580969 | Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out. […] Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32581016 | Of the 64 patients studied, 47 (73.4%) had been exposed to a confirmed source of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32581052 | One example is the practice of social distancing in the workplace as an internationally recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention to reduce transmission. […] While attention has been focused on public health measures, healthcare workers cannot overlook the transmission risk they present to their colleagues and patients. […] To design, implement and communicate contact reduction changes in the ED workplace, our COVID-19 task force formalised a set of multidisciplinary recommendations that enumerated concrete ways to reduce healthcare worker transmission to coworkers and to patients from ED patient arrival to discharge. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32581299 | Governments around the world have implemented measures to manage the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-06-25 |
| 32582311 | Overall, >90% people were aware about the etiology, mode of transmission and possible symptoms; however, very few of them knew about the in-depth details. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582324 | There is no evidence-based treatment for the infection and prevention of transmission using social distancing, isolation and hygiene measures is widely recommended. […] Therefore, smoking tobacco is a possible mode of transmission for the virus for both active and passive smokers. […] Smoking should be considered a risk factor for the disease transmission until further availability of evidence and measures to limit its direct and indirect effects should be implemented within the community. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582330 | Virus shedding can continue even after the nasopharyngeal swab gets negative and could lead to faecal-oral transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582331 | While most heavily impacted, the role of the dental professionals in preventing the transmission and responding to its long-term impacts on dentistry is critically important. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582579 | This study observes face mask wearing behavior and contact transmission problems in Taiwan. […] Subjects were required to complete a questionnaire and simulate the spread of contact transmission when using a computer. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582741 | Emerging reports of atypical and delayed clinical presentations in these patients generate further concerns for widespread disease transmission to medical personnel and the community. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582747 | The transmission routes from human to human of SARS-CoV-2 can be the direct transmission, droplet inhalation transmission, contact transmission, transmission through saliva, and transmission via fecal-oral routes. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582748 | We aimed to establish a relationship between the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 for early detection and assessment to reduce the transmission rate of SARS-Cov-2. Methods: We collected published data on the clinical features of Covid-19 retrospectively and categorized them into physical and blood biomarkers. […] Moderate stage scored 23-33 and severe scored 34-39 in the chart. Conclusion: The Hashmi-Asif Covid-19 Chart is significant in assessing subclinical and clinical stages of Covid-19 to reduce the transmission rate. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32582908 | Transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-through aerosolised saliva and respiratory droplets is possible when aerosol-generating dental procedures are performed. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32583183 | The identification of paucisymptomatic patients is paramount in order to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32583301 | Here we report the proportion of herds with subsequent evidence of within-herd transmission, based on skin-test results. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32583360 | However, negative attitudes were still found in this study, and as a result, transmission prevention measures cannot reach their maximum effectiveness by simply publicizing the increase in day-to-day cases to the general public. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32583531 | In a multi-user, high-turnover working space, the transmission of infectious agents is difficult to control. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32584199 | Children may play an important role in the transmission of infection and outbreak dynamics and could be a key target population for effective measures to control outbreaks. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32584236 | The mean incubation period was 6.4 days, whereas asymptomatic transmission was reported up to 25 days after infection. […] Despite these efforts, we still have much to learn regarding the transmission, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32584237 | There are two main routes of transmission of COVID-19: respiratory droplets and contact transmission. […] Because of the risk of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, PFTs should be restricted to a small patient population with selected indications. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32584329 | The emergence of coronavirus disease 19 pandemic and novel research on the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised controversies over the use of face masks to prevent community transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32584798 |
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2020-06-25 |
| 32584967 | We seek to clarify confusion in three areas: age-specific risks of transmission and/or disease; various definitions for the COVID-19 “mortality rate”, each useful for specific purposes; and implications for student return strategies from pre-school through university settings. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32584975 | Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in schools is unknown. […] Our investigations especially in pre-schools could not detect SARS-CoV-2 transmission despite screening of symptomatic and asymptomatic children. […] The data suggests that children are not the primary drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools and could help inform exit strategies for lifting of lockdowns. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32585282 | The incidence of COVID-19 grows steadily in Nigeria, moving from an imported case and elitist pattern to community transmission. […] The country recorded an upsurge (52% of total cases) in the transmission of COVID-19 during the short period the lockdown was relaxed. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32585283 | Many communicable diseases may have contact, airborne, and/or droplets transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32585435 | Here, the authors describe an algorithm for testing and triage in a large psychiatric facility designed to prevent local COVID-19 transmission. […] The implementation of the algorithm is designed to mitigate COVID-19 transmission, preserve the safest and least restrictive treatment environment for psychiatric inpatients, and provide a model adaptable to other institutional settings. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32585674 | Social distancing has been adopted worldwide to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. | 2020-06-25 |
| 32586336 | Using a simulation-based model of viral transmission, we tested the efficacy of different intervention measures to control local COVID-19 outbreaks. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32586667 | Taiwan has effectively contained COVID-19 community transmission. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32586684 | Much uncertainty still surrounds this viral infection, its modes of transmission and dynamics. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32587844 | The two quantities most critical in determining the optimal solution are transmission rate and the recovery rate, where the latter is defined as the fraction of infected people in any given day that then become classed as recovered. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32587887 | The role of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities is increasingly recognized for COVID-19 symptomatology and transmission. […] Viral shedding appears to be highest from the nose, therefore reflecting a major source for transmission. […] This has been highlighted by multiple reports of health care-associated infection (HAI) during rhinologic procedures, which are now consequently considered to be high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to health care workers. […] The sinonasal tract may be an important site of infection while sinonasal viral shedding may be an important transmission mechanism-including HAI. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32587923 | This review addresses our current knowledge of COVID-19 pandemic from the basic virology and transmission, through prevention, infection control, clinical management, and finally disaster management including the recovery period. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32588051 | Despite many reports on the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, relatively little is known about the transmission features of COVID-19 outside Wuhan, especially at the provincial level. […] We described characteristics of these cases, compared the diagnostic accuracy and features of blood testing, computed tomography (CT) scans and X-rays, and analysed SARS-CoV-2 transmission sources and patients’ occupations in Henan province. […] There were 33 patients who did not have a traceable transmission source, with 21.2% of these being farmers and 15.2% being workmen. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32588166 | Compared with the current protective breath shields, the use of a larger shield with a minimum radius of 18 cm is needed to decrease viral transmission. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32588565 | When dealing with the highly contagious viral disease-related cardiac manifestations, we should carefully apply the diagnostic and therapeutic methods to achieve the best therapeutic results without adding any risk of disease transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32588588 | Although the frequency of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the eye is low, ocular symptoms are not uncommon in COVID-19. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32588589 | The aim of the procedures described in the article is to minimize the risk of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2) virus during procedures carried out in endoscopic laboratories. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32588593 | Managers were presented with the challenge of protecting the healthcare workers from transmission of the disease within medical institutions, and issues concerning the physical and psychological depletion of personnel. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32588955 | Following the surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, government regulations, and recommendations from professional societies have conditioned the resumption of elective surgical and cardiovascular (CV) procedures on having strategies to prioritize cases because of concerns regarding the availability of sufficient resources and the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32589539 | There is no conclusive research into the risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with nasogastric tube insertion, although evidence from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak appears to suggest that there is no increased risk of transmission. […] However, close contact with a COVID-19 patient, especially those displaying respiratory symptoms, is likely to increase the risk of transmission. […] Therefore, there is a clear need for increased evidence regarding the risk of transmission associated with nasogastric tube insertion, to ensure that such risks can be mitigated. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32589645 | Recent research has highlighted the importance of a demographic approach to understanding COVID-19 transmission and fatality rates. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32589773 | Considering the high transmission rate of the virus and limitations in resources such as intensive care unit (ICU) beds and blood products, in many countries living donor transplantations and pancreas transplantation have been delayed to after the diseases has subsided. | 2020-06-26 |
| 32590011 | The role of the hospital environment in the transmission of infection is well described. […] With an emerging infection whose mode of transmission is under investigation, strict infection prevention and control measures, including patient isolation, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment that is doffed on exiting the patient room, and environmental cleaning should be implemented to prevent spread. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32590073 | Laparoendoscopic procedures increase the risk of aerosol exposure, disease transmission and contamination. […] Limiting the number of operating room personnel, use of disposable instruments, small trocar incisions, negative pressure environment, and setting energy devices at low modes can help reduce disease transmission during laparoendocsopic procedures. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32590297 | It guaranteed safe return to general patient care without any related complications or nosocomial transmission during the MERS and COVID-19 outbreaks. | 2020-06-28 |
| 32591163 | Since December 2019, when it first occurred in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide via human-to-human transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591388 | The infection of healthcare workers during the 2013 -2016 Ebola outbreak raised concerns about fomite transmission. […] In the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, investigations are ongoing to determine the role of fomites in coronavirus transmission as well. […] These data convey to public health investigators that enveloped viruses can persist and remain infective on surfaces, thus demonstrating a potential risk for transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591651 | This narrative review describes the existing body of evidence supporting the potential role of oral rinses in preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV2. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591659 | The details of the virus-transmission and its impact on dental care are discussed. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591660 | The authors provide information on the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform front-line dentists.The paper is as essay on the available information relating to:Background to the pandemic• Coronaviruses in general• Pathogenesis• COVID-19• Clinical manifestations• Patient characteristics• Diagnosis• Protocol for managing the disease in the clinical setting• Transmission dynamics• Transmission dynamics in dentistry practice• Infection control• Mouth rinses• Rubber dam isolation• Anti-retraction handpiece• Appropriate disinfectants• Management of medical waste.Conclusions Face-to-face communication and consistent exposure to body fluids such as blood and saliva predispose dental care workers to risk of infection and there is high risk of cross-infection. […] Dentists play a significant role in disrupting the transmission trail of the virus by simply postponing non-emergency care for all patients. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591661 | Nonetheless, 36.7% of dentists did not believe it to be a serious public health issue.Conclusions This group of Jordanian dentists was generally aware of COVID-19 symptoms and mode of transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591662 | Data sources Non-systematically compiled data.Study selection No formal in- or exclusion criteria.Data extraction and synthesis Not described; narrative synthesis.Results SARS-CoV-2 is near ubiquitously present in saliva samples of infected individuals; the saliva is hence a potential source for infection for both dental professionals and dental patients given possible transmission routes involving saliva-containing aerosol, splatter or droplets for COVID-19. […] Conclusions Dental professionals should be aware of that transmission route and should undertake protective measures accordingly. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591665 | Due to the broad scope of studies included, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis.Results This literature review describes ways to reduce COVID-19 transmission in orthodontic practice. […] It highlights the need for optimal hand hygiene, use of high standard personal protective equipment, controlling aerosol use, appropriate ventilation, and treating emergency cases only.Conclusions While there are no known cases of COVID-19 cross-transmission within the dental setting currently reported, utmost vigilance is required by orthodontic professionals to reduce risk of transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591666 | Some review studies and clinical infection control protocols were also included to discuss the transmission patterns of 2019-nCoV from the oral cavity. […] Finally, this paper warns about airborne transmission, particularly for close contacts.Conclusions Saliva can be proposed as an easily accessible diagnostic source although further clinical studies are required. […] Given the presence of viral RNA in saliva in the early stages of COVID-19, the recommendations to wear masks to prevent the rapid transmission of infectious droplets into the air, and keep a safe distance from other people are clearly based in evidence. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591667 | The introduction part presented basic information about the SARS-CoV-2, its evolution and transmission, and the course of disease. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591703 | Household isolation measures to reduce coronavirus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in increased risk of domestic violence and abuse (DVA). | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591704 | Given the unprecedented nature of the current global pandemic, this paper highlights how paediatric dental emergencies can be managed safely and efficiently, as well as new measures which can help reduce transmission of the virus. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32591712 | The potential for aerosol generation, the presence of the virus within saliva and the fact that dental professionals work with the oral-pharyngeal environment determines that dental treatment poses a risk of viral transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592038 | An emergence of a novel coronavirus, causative agent of COVID19, named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred due to cross-species transmission. […] ACE2 could be a species-specific barrier that interferes with bat-to-human coronavirus cross-species transmission. […] Additionally, there is a hypothesis for the zoonotic transmission based on contact with Malayan pangolins by humans in Huanan seafood market in Wuhan, China. […] To investigate bats and pangolin as hosts in SARS-CoV-2 cross-species transmission, we perform an evolutionary analysis combining viral and host phylogenies and divergence of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 amino acid sequences between CoV hosts. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592048 | We are poorly aware of their survival in environment and precise factors of their transmission. […] Also, temperature and humidity are important factors influencing the COVID-19 mortality rate and may facilitate 2019-nCoV transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592480 | While several solutions such as telemedicine and online education platforms have been implemented to reduce human contact and further transmission, countries need to favour collectivism both within and beyond their borders. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592550 | Obligatory face mask wearing in public favours the virus transmission through oral mucosa and/or conjunctival epithelium, which enables the adaptive immune responses to evolve. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592845 | Moreover, the analysis provides useful measures for evaluating a virus-host adaptation, transmission potential of novel viruses, and thus contributes to the strategies of anti-viral drug design. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592903 | However, detail information on community transmission is unavailable yet. […] Among 57 close-contact individuals, 21 sequential local COVID-19 patients originated from a pre-symptomatic Wuhan returned couple, indicated dense gathering in congested spaces is a high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Our findings provided valuable details of pre-symptomatic patient mask-wearing and restriction of mass gathering in congested spaces particularly, are important interventions to mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32592975 | In this research we investigate how meteorological conditions and air pollution, as concurring factors, impact COVID-19 transmission, using data on new confirmed cases from 219 prefecture cities from January 24 to February 29, 2020. […] Results revealed a kind of nonlinear dose-response relationship between temperature and coronavirus transmission. […] In the southern cities, the ambient temperature and air pollution have a negative interactive effect on COVID-19 transmission, implying that rising temperature restrains the facilitating effects of air pollution and that they jointly lead to a decrease in new confirmed cases. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32593122 | Permutations and combinations of the factors viz susceptibility for new viral infections, potential to act as vectors of transmission of infection, high prevalence of pre-existing physical health morbidities such as occupational pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, HIV infections, pre-existing psychological morbidities, adverse psychosocial factors like absence of family support and caretaker during the crisis, their limitations to follow the rules and regulations of personal safety during the COVID 19 crisis, social exclusion, and inability to timely access the psychiatric services; all give rise to the peri-traumatic psychological distress to internal migrant workers. | 2020-06-27 |
| 32593564 | We inquired about their COVID-19-related experiences and perspectives, documented opportunities for transmission, and assessed COVID-19’s perceived impacts to date. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32593679 | To examine the implication for transmission dynamics of these correlations, we proposed a novel model, which embeds the function of individual behaviour change (media impact) into the intensity of infection. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32593809 | Transmission of respiratory viruses between staff and residents of pediatric long-term care facilities (pLTCFs) can occur. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594082 | Our study suggests that implementing an active-surveillance protocol in acutely decompensated heart failure units during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can reduce hospital admissions, ER visits and, potentially, viral transmission, in a cohort of especially vulnerable patients. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594114 | Positivity rates declined over time possibly reflecting the importance of community transmission and efficacy of PPE. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594116 | The purpose of this study was to evaluate transmission potential of COVID-19 by examining viral load with respect to time. […] Viral loads by day since symptom onset were predicted using the model and transmission potential evaluated by examination of a viral load-time curve. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594121 | Social distancing and stringent hygiene seem effective in reducing the number of transmitted virus particles, and therefore the infectivity, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and could alter the mode of transmission of the disease. […] Viral inoculum during infection or mode of transmission may be key factors determining the clinical course of COVID-19. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594570 | The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only infects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes GI symptoms, but also increases nosocomial transmission risk during endoscopic procedures for aerosol generation. […] We hereby share our infection control strategies aiming to minimize COVID-19 transmission in the endoscopy center. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594577 | Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing is considered a possible method to reduce the risk of transmission, but the effect of heating on the measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is still unclear. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594617 | Due to potential aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, precautions during aerosol-generating procedures and production of surgical plume are paramount for the safety of surgical teams. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594644 | Considering the critical roles of testicular cells for the transmission of genetic information between generations, we analyzed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of adult human testis. | 2020-06-29 |
| 32594756 | Public policies designed to reduce transmission have made it extremely difficult to meet with service-users safely in the traditional face-to-face context. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32594909 | This agile knowledge is invaluable to tackle the enormous logistical challenges to re-allocate resources and target susceptible areas for aggressive testing and tracing to mitigate transmission. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32594928 | Our results suggest a considerable proportion of secondary transmission occurred prior to symptom onset. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595070 | Pipes used for crack cocaine smoking are often homemade and/or in short supply, exacerbating COVID-19 transmission and respiratory risk. […] It is crucial that people who smoke illegal drugs are considered a vulnerable population in regard to COVID 19 transmission and fatality risk, with innovative harm reduction measures scaled up in response. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595351 | This analysis suggested multiple independent international introductions of the virus and revealed a hub for the inland transmission. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595357 | Owing to a high rate of transmission from human to human, the new virus called SARS-CoV-2 differed from others by its unexpectedly rapid spread. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595358 | It is crucial to design and produce an effective vaccine for the prevention of rapid transmission and possible deaths wcaused by the disease. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595361 | Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes lung infection, gastrointestinal symptoms described in COVID-19 patients and detection of the viral RNA in feces of infected patients drove attentions to a possible fecal-oral transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. […] However, not only the viral RNA but also the infectious viral particles are required for the viral infection and no proof has been demonstrated the transmission of the infectious virus particles via the fecal-oral route yet. […] Additionally, this review aims to clarify the ambiguity in fecal-oral transmission of SARS- CoV-2. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595762 | In this review, we summarise recent findings on the epidemiology of GI tract involvement, potential mechanisms of faecal-oral transmission, GI and liver manifestation, pathological/histological features in patients with COVID-19 and the diagnosis, management of patients with pre-existing GI and liver diseases as well as precautions for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection during GI endoscopy procedures. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32595930 | Some of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with prolonged ventilation may require tracheostomy, which is an aerosol-generating procedure and poses a significant risk of viral transmission. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32596311 | However, the comparisons have also highlighted structural differences specific of Sars-CoV-2 proteins which may be correlated to the cross-species transmission and/or to the properties of the virus. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32596489 | These include patient selection and timing of treatment, while preventing disease transmission to heath care providers. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32596514 | Although no complete data were available, between 15% and 55%-60% were asymptomatic, and 75%-100% of cases were from family transmission. […] Studies analysing school transmission showed children as not a driver of transmission. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32596829 | While most experts believe that zoonosis is manageable, apprehension over disease transmission from animal donors to human recipients remains a frequent concern of many who are undecided or opposed to clinical xenotransplantation. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32596900 | Patients who require psychiatric hospitalization now face the risk of transmission of Covid-19 due to the inherent difficulties of social distancing within a psychiatric hospital. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32597101 | Prevention of possible transmission of the virus during procedures in open, laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery is to use a multi-tactic approach, which includes correct filtration and ventilation of the operating room, the use of appropriate PPE (FFP3 plus surgical mask and protective visor for all the staff working in the operating room) and smoke evacuation devices with a suction and filter system. on behalf of the UrOP Executive Committee Giuseppe Ludovico, Angelo Cafarelli, Ottavio De Cobelli, Ferdinando De Marco, Giovanni Ferrari, Stefano Pecoraro, Angelo Porreca, Domenico Tuzzolo. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32597388 | Population adoption of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic is at times deficient, increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Healthcare workers and those living in areas of intense transmission may benefit from implementing biosafety measures in their daily lives. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32597389 | These designs are intended for settings in which health facilities and testing resources for COVID-19 are surpassed during the pandemic, are adaptable to local conditions and constraints, and mitigate the likelihood of nosocomial transmission while offering an option to care for hospitalized patients. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32597750 | Classroom contact may result in virus transmission. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32598557 | In this cohort of patients with a recent infection or recovering from COVID-19, there was no SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in semen samples, which indicates the unlikely possibility of sexual transmission through semen at about 1 month after first detection. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32598830 | The emergence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State coincided with widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission; this hyperinflammatory syndrome with dermatologic, mucocutaneous, and gastrointestinal manifestations was associated with cardiac dysfunction. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32599100 | Prevention and control efforts should respond as quickly as possible, isolate and control activities of individuals leaving infected areas, and restrict household contact transmission. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32599101 | We assessed the impact on environmental contamination and transmission. […] On 28-day follow-up, no patient-to-HCW transmission was documented; only 1 symptomatic patient close-contact tested positive. […] Our institution successfully implemented an intervention bundle to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in a multibedded cohorted general ward setting. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32599304 | Furthermore, although a study found the ACE2 receptor, used by SARS-CoV-2, widely distributed in specific cell types of the maternal-fetal interface, there is no evidence of vertical transmission for any of the coronaviruses. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32599533 | There has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. | 2020-06-30 |
| 32599813 | Diagnosis of CAPA remains challenging, mainly because bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan testing and culture, which represent the most sensitive diagnostic tests for aspergillosis in the ICU, are hindered by the fact that bronchoscopies are rarely performed in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of disease transmission. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32599867 | The model highlights a decrease in the transmission rate over the period which gives a quantitative illustration about how lockdown policies reduce the spread of the pandemic. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32599911 | Lockdown measures have been widely used to control and prevent virus transmission in pandemic regions. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32600479 | Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, there is an ongoing debate and research regarding the possible ways of virus transmission. […] Acquired data raises possibility that the transmission occurred indirectly through contaminated objects in changing room or squash hall or via aerosolisation in squash hall. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32600505 | In addition, long-term care pharmacists are instrumental in optimizing medication management and developing policies to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission among vulnerable residents. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32600649 | Therefore, it is required to identify and classify patients according to criteria of infectious-immunological status, and to establish recommendations for protection in consultations, hospitalization and the operating room, which avoid the transmission of the disease to other users and healthcare personnel, in the specific context of the development of our specialty. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32600800 | Adopting regional anesthesia mitigates adverse effects in the postoperative period and provides safety to pati ents and teams, as long as there is compliance with individual protection and interpersonal transmission care measures. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32600935 | This is due to the advanced age, immune system deficit, and the presence of comorbidities, as well as because there are frail, because they live with other residents and carers in a closed institution, and transmission is easy in the context of a highly contagious and virulent virus. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32600965 | Using personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of several fundamental measures to prevent the transmission of infection and infectious diseases and is particularly pertinent in the current COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32601037 | Digestive endoscopic activity is a high-risk transmission procedure for Covid-19. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32601650 | Although there has been consistent evidence indicating that school closures have only limited efficacy in reducing community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the question of whether children should be kept home from school has attracted extensive and often divisive public debate in Australia. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32601677 | An unusual transmission in a multi-storey building via faulty toilet plumbing was suspected with >100 residents evacuated overnight. […] Our analysis indicated that faulty plumbing was unlikely to be the source of this transmission. […] Timely stringent containment policies minimized the importation and transmission of COVID-19 in HK. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32601682 | During the present crisis, management of these patients should incorporate telehealth, expedient discharge, and ongoing COVID-19 transmission precautions. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32602680 | Appropriate planning is therefore important to continue with cancer treatment services and simultaneously avoiding the risk of infection to the patients and healthcare staff and not allowing community transmission of viral infection. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32603253 | In the age of COVID-19, group-based exercise in communal facilities presents risks for both aerosol and surface transmission of the virus among people exercising, necessitating a pivot from the usual methods of exercise delivery to home-based exercise programs. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32603290 | Children do not seem to drive transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] Our findings show that symptomatic neonates, children, and teenagers shed infectious SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that transmission from them is plausible. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32603505 | The preventive measures depend mainly on the understanding of the transmission routes of this virus, its environmental stability, and its persistence on common touch surfaces. […] According to available data, possible airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested. […] These findings suggest a possible risk of faecal-oral, foodborne and waterborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in developing countries that often use sewage-polluted waters in irrigation and have poor water treatment systems. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32603515 | The false-negative cases of COVID-19 are worth noting because they have a risk of viral transmission without positive test results, lighter clinical manifestations, and less history of epidemiological exposure. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32603572 | Introduction This case series describes the diagnosis of the first case of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Republic of Ireland. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32603887 | The identified articles, journal papers and preprints, mostly covered the epidemiology of COVID-19 (35.7 %), clinical aspects of infection (21.0 %), preventative measures (12.8 %), treatment options (12.5 %), diagnostics (12.2 %), mathematical modeling of disease transmission and mitigation (9.6 %), and molecular biology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 (8.7 %). | 2020-07-01 |
| 32604404 | This study sheds light on the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, their infectivity (as measured by the viral load) and provides insights into its transmission dynamics and the efficacy of the implemented control measures. | 2020-07-01 |
| 32604590 | Transmission of the infection has rapidly increased in Europe as well as in Greece, living behind a huge number of deaths. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32604724 | Genomic information has been widely used to understand the pathogenesis, animal origin and mode of transmission of coronaviruses in the aftermath of the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32604730 | HE acquisition, and expansion takes place by cross-species transmission over HE evolution. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32605192 | Consequently, the scientific community is working hard to gain useful information about the history of this virus, its transmission, diagnosis, clinical features, radiological findings, research and development of candidate therapeutics as well as vaccines. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32605194 | Our analyses speculate that the efficient replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might be due to the high-density basic amino acid residues, preferably positioned in close proximity at both the furin-like cleavage sites (S1/S2 and S2’) within the spike protein. […] In this review, we discuss the noteworthy advancements, focusing on the etiological viral agent, comparative genomic analysis, population susceptibility, disease epidemiology and diagnosis, animal reservoirs, laboratory animal models, disease transmission, therapeutics, vaccine challenges, and disease mitigation measures. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32605661 | We found that capture was not as accurate as meta and amplicon in identifying between-sample variations, whereas amplicon method was not as accurate as the other two in investigating within-sample variations, suggesting amplicon sequencing was not suitable for studying virus-host interactions and viral transmission that heavily rely on intra-host dynamics. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32605665 | Robust personal protective equipment is essential in preventing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 to head and neck surgeons who are routinely involved in aerosol generating procedures. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32605920 | Two deaths occurred in care homes where a diagnosis of COVID-19 allowed the health protection team to provide support in that ‘closed setting’ to reduce the risks of onward transmission. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32606133 | To estimate the risk of vertical transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during labour and delivery, we collected oropharyngeal, vaginal, urinary, placental and neonatal PCRs for SARS-CoV-2 during the period of admission. […] All PCRs, except for the oropharyngeal, were negative and vertical transmission was not observed. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32606253 | Many procedures in the gastrointestinal motility laboratory may be considered moderate to high-risk for viral transmission. […] Moreover, some are aerosol-generating and thus have a high risk of viral transmission. […] This guideline is useful when the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is high. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32607305 | The method of transmission is not yet fully known but is thought to be mainly respiratory. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32607358 | Further robust studies are required for a clear understanding of transmission parameters, prevention, and control strategies of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32607830 | The modes of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (e.g., droplets, aerosols, and fomites) can pose a risk for dental healthcare professionals and patients alike. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32608335 | However, it is unclear whether there has been cryptic transmission before these early officially confirmed cases, we therefore retrospectively screened for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1271 nasopharyngeal swab samples, as well as the prevalence of IgM, IgG, and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 357 matched serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness between 1 December 2018 and 31 March 2020 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609102 | COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease with widespread transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands. […] Others do not show any symptoms, but can still contribute to the transmission of the virus. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609168 | The new epidemic scenario created the demand for a space of dialogue and knowledge-sharing on the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. […] The main questions by participants related to risk factors, transmission, immunity to the novel coronavirus, care related to prevention, symptoms, and treatment; and COVID-19 and influenza vaccine. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609282 | to estimate the transmission rate, the epidemiological peak, and the number of deaths by the new coronavirus. a mathematical and epidemiological model of susceptible, infected, and recovered cases was applied to the nine Brazilian capitals with the highest number of cases of the infection. […] Fortaleza and Manaus had the highest transmission rates (≥2·0 and ≥1·8, respectively). […] Rio de Janeiro may have the largest number of infected people (692,957) and Florianópolis the smallest (24,750). the estimates of the transmission rate, epidemiological peak, and number of deaths from coronavirus in Brazilian metropolises presented expressive and important numbers the Brazilian Ministry of Health needs to consider. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609284 | Data were analyzed and synthesized in the form of a narrative. the final sample was composed of 24 records, the content of which was synthesized in these conceptual categories: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, working pregnant women, vaccine development, complications, prenatal care, vertical transmission, and placental transmissibility. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609334 | This manuscript explores the question of the seasonality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by reviewing 4 lines of evidence related to viral viability, transmission, ecological patterns, and observed epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in the Southern Hemispheres’ summer and early fall. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609360 | Age <60 years and local transmission were found to be significantly associated with longer virus persistence among asymptomatic individuals on univariate regression but not in multivariate analysis. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32609621 | Several countries adopted lockdown to slowdown the exponential transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. […] Disease transmission models and the epidemic forecasts at the national level steer the policy to implement appropriate intervention strategies and budgeting. […] The aim of this study is to analyze the transition of the epidemic from subexponential to exponential transmission in the Chennai metro zone and to analyze the probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) secondary infections while availing the public transport systems in the city. […] The model predicted that transition from subexponential to exponential transmission occurs around the eighth week after the reporting of a cluster of cases. […] Nowcasting at the early stage of the epidemic predicts the probable time point of the exponential transmission and alerts the public health system. […] After the lockdown release, public transportation will be the major source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in metro cities, and appropriate strategies based on nowcasting are needed. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32610270 | In an effort to reduce viral transmission, conserve resources, and in accordance with institutional and state mandates, all elective procedures and surgeries were postponed during the initial outbreak. | 2020-07-02 |
| 32611247 | However, another evolving focus is assessing and mitigating the risk of vertical transmission amongst COVID-19-positive mothers. […] The objective of this review was to summarize the current evidence on the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in the third trimester and its effects on the neonate.Methods: OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial (CENTRAL) were searched from January 2020 to May 2020, with continuous surveillance.Results: 18 studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 157 mothers and 160 neonates. […] Currently, there is currently no conclusive evidence to suggest that vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs. […] However, this neonate initially tested negative at birth, suggesting that the SARS-CoV-2 infection was likely hospital-acquired rather than vertically transmitted. 13 (8%) neonates had complications or symptoms.Conclusions: The findings of this rapid descriptive review based on early clinical evidence suggest that vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to neonate/newborn did not occur. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32611385 | There is currently considerable international debate around school closures/openings and the role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Whilst evidence suggests that children are not impacted by COVID-19 as severely as adults, little is still known about their transmission potential, and with a lot of asymptomatic cases they may be silent transmitters (i.e. infectious without showing clinical signs of disease), albeit at a lower level than adults. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32611465 | Hubei province in China has had the most confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and has reported sustained transmission of the disease. […] Although Lu’an city is adjacent to Hubei province, its community transmission was blocked at the early stage, and the impact of the epidemic was limited. […] We observed that only 18.9% (7/37) index cases resulted in community transmission during the epidemic in Lu’an, indicating that the scale of the epidemic was limited to a low level in Lu’an city. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32611701 | These findings suggest that a potential for fomite transmission may persist for hours to days in indoor environments and have implications for assessment of the risk posed by surface contamination in indoor environments.IMPORTANCE Mitigating the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings and public spaces is critically important to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases while effective vaccines and therapeutics are under development. […] SARS-CoV-2 transmission is thought to primarily occur through direct person-to-person transfer of infectious respiratory droplets or through aerosol-generating medical procedures. […] In this context, understanding the factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 persistence on surfaces will enable a more accurate estimation of the risk of contact transmission and inform mitigation strategies. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32611906 | Operating rooms (OR) are high-risk areas for the transmission of any respiratory infection with multiple personnel involved, in close proximity. […] The current review discusses potential strategies to neuro-surgeons to avoid transmission of COVID 19 during endo-nasal and trans-sphenoidal surgeries. […] A pre-surgical risk assessment score is proposed based on the risk of transmission. […] Based on risk of transmission of infection to others, we propose a classification of patients for skull-based surgery into low, high and very high risk groups and suggest suitable personal protective equipment. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32611911 | Maximal precautionary measures and resources have been put forward by most nations in war footing to mitigate transmission and decrease fatality rates. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32611916 | While intense occupational exposure associated with aerosol-generating procedures underlines the necessity of using personal protective equipment (PPE) by HCWs, high-transmission efficiency of the causative agent [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] could also lead to infections beyond such settings. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32612430 | Herein, we aimed to investigate unclear issues related to transmission and pathogenesis of disease as well as accuracy of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32612431 | Thus, in order to reduce the risk of that, the urgent management strategies against COVID-19 are to block transmission, isolation, protection, and using drug or vaccine updated on an ongoing basis. unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines still has yet been allowed to treat patients with COVID-19, so the rapid detection of effective intercessions against COVID-19 is seemed a major challenge on the all world. […] Herein, this article attempts summarizing to introduce the characterization of COVID-19, the influence of droplets travel in person-to-person transmission and the effect of wearing masks in the infection prevention of influenza virus, as well as understanding its advantage and role in the coronavirus infection prevention. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32612432 | There is still no clear evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during delivery. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32612817 | Understanding the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is urgently required given its policy implications in relation to the reopening of schools and intergenerational contacts. […] We conducted a rapid review of studies that investigated the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] We synthesized evidence for four categories: 1) studies reporting documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by infected children; 2) studies presenting indirect evidence on the potential of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) children; 3) studies reporting cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 in schools; 4) studies estimating the proportions of children infected by SARS-CoV-2, and reported results narratively. […] There is limited evidence detailing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected children. […] In addition, we identified six studies presenting indirect evidence on the potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission by children, three of which found prolonged virus shedding in stools. […] There is little data on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools. […] Prolonged faecal shedding observed in studies highlights the potentially increased risk of faeco-oral transmission in children. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32613025 | Transmission among casual contacts in settings such as during social gatherings is not well understood. […] We report several transmission events to both close and casual contacts from a cluster of 7 COVID-19 cases occurring from mid-January to early February 2020. […] Transmission efficiency among close contacts was higher than among casual contacts; however, transmission from second-generation cases may help spread the virus during the incubation period. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614251 | Background: Limited data are available on the perinatal and postnatal transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614377 | COVID-19 presents a high risk for health care professionals, particularly otolaryngologists, owing to the nature of viral transmission, including possible airborne transmission and high viral load in the upper respiratory tract. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614681 | The transmission rates of airborne pathogens from patient to dental health care workers are unknown. […] Therefore, the transmission probability of these airborne infectious diseases was estimated via mathematical modeling. […] The transmission probability was modeled for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, measles virus, influenza virus, and coronaviruses per a modified version of the Wells-Riley equation. […] A high transmission probability was characterized by high patient infectiousness, the absence of respiratory protection, and poor indoor air quality. […] The highest transmission probabilities were estimated for measles virus (100%), coronaviruses (99.4%), influenza virus (89.4%), and M. tuberculosis (84.0%). […] The low-risk scenario leads to transmission probabilities of 4.5% for measles virus and 0% for the other pathogens. […] From the sensitivity analysis, it shows that the transmission probability is strongly driven by indoor air quality, followed by patient infectiousness, and the least by respiratory protection from medical face mask use. […] Airborne infection transmission of pathogens such as measles virus and coronaviruses is likely to occur in the dental practice. […] Improved indoor air quality by ventilation, which reduces carbon dioxide, is the most important factor that will either strongly increase or decrease the probability of the transmission of a pathogen. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614684 | In this article, many articles published recently are summarized vertically, from the structure and sites of SARS-Cov-2, the mode of transmission, the mathematical model of transmission, the mechanism of the virus itself, the symptoms of patients after infection to medicine used in the early stage period and the prediction as well the analysis of probability in using new medicine. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614767 | Our sequence data provide an important baseline for tracking any further transmission of the virus throughout the country and region. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614809 | On March 26, 2020, Colorado instituted stay-at-home orders to reduce community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] During the period examined, SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing was widely available in Colorado; community transmission was documented before implementation of the stay-at-home order. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614810 | Understanding individual behaviors and demographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and risks for severe illness requiring hospitalization can inform efforts to reduce transmission. […] These findings highlight the need for screening, case investigation, contact tracing, and isolation of infected persons to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection during periods of community transmission. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614816 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by asymptomatic and presymptomatic persons poses important challenges to controlling spread of the disease, particularly in congregate settings such as correctional and detention facilities (1). […] Goals of this investigation included evaluating COVID-19 symptoms in this setting and assessing the effectiveness of serial testing to identify additional persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection as part of efforts to mitigate transmission. […] Prompt identification and isolation of infected persons is important to reduce further transmission in congregate settings such as correctional and detention facilities and the communities to which persons return when released. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32614817 | Here we introduce a transmission model combining age-stratified contact frequencies with age-dependent susceptibility, probability of clinical symptoms, and transmission from asymptomatic (or mild) cases, which we use to estimate the country-specific basic reproductive ratio of COVID-19 for 152 countries. […] Using early outbreak data from China and a synthetic contact matrix, we estimate an age-stratified transmission structure which can then be extrapolated to 151 other countries for which synthetic contact matrices also exist. […] This defines a set of country-specific transmission structures from which we can calculate the basic reproductive ratio for each country. […] Our predicted R0 is critically sensitive to the intensity of transmission from asymptomatic cases; with low asymptomatic transmission the highest values are predicted across Eastern Europe and Japan and the lowest across Africa, Central America and South-Western Asia. […] If asymptomatic cases have comparable transmission to detected cases, the pattern is reversed. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32615198 | Significant nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32615316 | The advantage of an increasing amount of whole-genome sequence data of SARS-CoV-2 intrigued us to explore the mutation profile across the genome, to check the genome diversity, and to investigate the implications of those mutations in protein stability and viral transmission. […] Some of the mutations across different proteins showed co-occurrences, suggesting their structural and/or functional interaction among different SARS-COV-2 proteins, and their involvement in adaptability and viral transmission. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32615323 | To examine the patterns of COVID-19 transmission in Uganda. […] They have generated significant local transmission, which now threatens a full-blown epidemic unless strict controls are put in place. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32615620 | While vertical transmission has largely not been reported, the presence of detectable virus in the female lower genital tract makes this a continued possibility and area of study. […] · The detection of COVID-19 in vulvovaginal lesions makes vertical transmission a continued possibility.. | 2020-07-03 |
| 32616063 | To determine the risk of vertical transmission (intra-utero and intra-partum) of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32617049 | According to the current data, the primary mode of transmission for the COVID-19 virus is between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32617273 | Background: Estimating the net reproductive number of COVID-19 virus can reveal the rate and severity of the disease transmission in the Iranian society to health researchers and practitioners. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32617314 | Possibilities of airborne and fecal oral routes of transmission has increased the concern. […] Rest of the countries need to act urgently as well to bring an immediate halt in the community transmission. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32617414 | We therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in low- and middle-income countries: transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical characteristics of the disease, and the impact of pandemic prevention and response measures. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32618146 | Airborne transmission may occur during aerosol-generating procedures. […] However, the modes of transmission still remain uncertain, especially regarding the possibility of airborne transmission when aerosol-generating procedures are not performed. […] The choice of PPE is based on the risk of exposure and possible modes of transmission. […] This article reviews evidence on the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, compares the current PPE recommendations of the World Health Organization with those in Korea, and discusses standard requirements and the proper selection of PPE. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32618260 | This review sought to summarize the key literature regarding transmission, case definitions, clinical management, and the burden of COVID-19. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32618530 | To describe the pattern of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during 2 nosocomial outbreaks of COVID-19 with regard to the possibility of airborne transmission. […] Importantly, despite multiple aerosol generating procedures, there was no evidence of airborne transmission. […] These observations suggest that, at least in a healthcare setting, a majority of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is likely to take place during close contact with infected patients through respiratory droplets, rather than by long-distance airborne transmission. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32618999 | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid expansion of telehealth services as healthcare organizations aim to mitigate community transmission while providing safe patient care. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32619034 | Seven patients were infected through hospital-associated transmission and other 2 through community-associated transmission. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32619327 | School closure is implemented widely in order to prevent viral transmission and its impact on the broader community, based on preliminary recommendations and evidence from influenza. […] Growing evidence suggests that a child’s SARS-CoV-2 infection is often mild or asymptomatic and that children may not be major SARS-CoV-2 transmitters; thus, it is questionable if school closures prevent transmission significantly. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32619761 | Variability in transmission dynamics was accounted for within and between two socioeconomic classes: citizens-residents and migrant workers. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32619841 | We found that all the positive objects were directly or indirectly contacted by the operator’s gloved hands, suggesting that hands contact was the main transmission pathway that led to laboratory environmental contamination. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32619843 | Despite efforts to clarify the virus transmission, especially in indoor scenarios, several aspects of SARS-CoV-2 spread are still rudimentary. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32619844 | As the transmission of novel corona virus (COVID-19) increases rapidly, the whole world adopted the curfew/lockdown activity with restriction of human mobility. | 2020-07-04 |
| 32620179 | Israel’s response during the containment phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 led to a delay in sustained community transmission and effective mitigation. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32620390 | Acceptance of deceased liver donors has decreased worldwide because of the unknown risks associated with COVID-19 transmission or postoperative infection in the immediate post-transplant period, along with the risks to the health care workers in a multidisciplinary setting. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32620487 | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-associated disease (coronavirus disease 2019) poses a unique challenge to health- care providers due to the risk of viral aerosolization and disease transmission. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32620513 | Furthermore, the presence of the ACE2 receptors in the placenta may increase the risk of mother to baby transmission of the virus. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32620591 | This discrepancy centres on whether they are considered to be an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), thus requiring airborne protection to prevent transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs). […] All were observational with low patient numbers and multiple confounding factors, but describe cases of acute respiratory infection transmission during chest compressions. […] Given that there is evidence for infection transmission during chest compressions, we conclude that a precautionary approach with appropriate PPE is necessary to protect HCW from contracting a potentially fatal infection. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32621013 | In order to prevent disease transmission, it is important to manage the inpatient caseload effectively by triaging children and carers outside the hospital, re-scheduling nonurgent elective procedures and managing symptomatic children and carers as COVID-19 positive until proven otherwise. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32621497 | All official SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were tracked and reported in terms of the origin, nationality, and transmission routes. […] First local case had travel history from the United Kingdom after which local transmission occurred. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32621728 | As the world continues to study and understand coronavirus disease (COVID-19), existing investigations and tests have been used to try and detect the virus to slow viral transmission and its global spread. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32621858 | This manuscript describes the experience of a Southern Italy Respiratory Unit for safely resuming outpatient respiratory services and preventing COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32621859 | The study concludes that the likelihood of a vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection from pregnant women to neonates was not observed. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32621869 | The absence of a centralised policy and timeline combined with the complex dynamics of human mobility and the variable intensity of local outbreaks makes assessing the effect of large-scale social distancing on COVID-19 transmission in the USA a challenge. […] Additionally, the effect of changes in mobility patterns, which dropped by 35-63% relative to the normal conditions, on COVID-19 transmission are not likely to be perceptible for 9-12 days, and potentially up to 3 weeks, which is consistent with the incubation time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 plus additional time for reporting. […] This study strongly supports a role of social distancing as an effective way to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in the USA. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32622032 | The complete lockdown policy has a direct and indirect impact on Homeless Persons with Mental Illness (HPMI) concerning shelter, basic needs and access to health care, besides the transmission of COVID infection. | 2020-07-05 |
| 32622380 | We did an in-depth analysis of sources and modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in health-care workers and patients. […] Although direct transmission in the hospitals cannot be ruled out, our data do not support widespread nosocomial transmission as the source of infection in patients or health-care workers. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32622411 | Although the results cannot be considered definitive, they imply that procedures in which oocytes are collected and fertilized in vitro are associated with very little risk of viral transmission from gametes to embryos and may indeed have the potential to minimize exposure of susceptible reproductive cell types to infection in comparison with natural conception. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623041 | In Australia, delivery of medical care has been adapted to reduce the risk of transmission, with a particular emphasis on telehealth and remote monitoring. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623042 | The Italian Government introduced quarantine to limit viral transmission. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623083 | Yet, the incidence and viral transmission from the asymptomatic cases are not yet apparent. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623270 | In the context of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) cases globally, there is a lack of consensus across cultures on whether wearing face masks is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. […] This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask from perspectives of attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of wearing the mask with evidence that the use of mask would effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases in both hospital settings and community settings; and 3) provides suggestion that the public should wear the mask during COVID-19 pandemic according to local context. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623382 | Among the most important reasons for the transmission of infection between humans is the presence of this virus active on the surfaces and materials. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623686 | Obesity is a risk factor for severe disease, and the practice of endoscopy poses special challenges and risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to patients and providers given the evolving role of the gastrointestinal tract in viral transmission and aerosol generation during endoscopic procedures. […] It is therefore necessary to distinguish between urgent interventions that cannot be postponed despite the risks during the pandemic and, in contrast, purely elective interventions that could be deferred in order to minimize transmission risks during a time of infection surge and limited access. […] In this position statement, the IFSO Endoscopy Committee offers guidance on navigating bariatric endoscopic procedures in patients with obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the hope of mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to vulnerable patients and healthcare workers. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623723 | This literature overview provides a description of the clinical aspects of COVID-19 and its transmission, while supplying valuable information regarding protection and prevention measures. | 2020-07-06 |
| 32623963 | Accurate and early detection of infectious pathogens are crucial for transmission control, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32624078 | Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal analysis were performed based on COVID-19 cases from 21 January 2020 to 1 March 2020 in Shandong Province, and close contacts were traced to construct transmission chains. […] We rebuilt 54 transmission chains involving 209 cases, of which 52.2% were family clusters, and three widespread infection chains were elaborated, occurring in Jining, Zaozhuang and Liaocheng, respectively. […] The geographical and temporal disparity may alert public health agencies to implement specific measures in regions with different risk, and should attach importance on how to avoid household and community transmission. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32624085 | While tertiary hospitals play an important role in treating both COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients, hospital staff have to protect themselves from unexpected in-hospital transmission. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32624257 | Several factors likely contribute to the efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32624360 | This virus is supposed to be spread by human to human transmission. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32624650 | In the second part, we have emulated the respiratory droplets responsible for disease transmission as salt solution droplets and computed their evaporation time, accounting for droplet cooling, heat and mass transfer, and finally, crystallization of the dissolved salt. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32624655 | The GI tract may be a target organ and potential transmission route of SARS-CoV-2, with important implications for disease management and transmission. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32626719 | The earliest elimination of ongoing transmission is likely to be achieved around 7 May 2020. […] Although interventions in China have been effective in controlling secondary transmission, sustained global efforts are needed to contain an emerging pandemic. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32626873 | The problem of bio-aerosol transmission in the relatively confined dental clinics has aroused wide attention in the field of dentistry. […] This review provided a most updated summary on the relation between bio-aerosols and dental clinics, which included the microorganisms in bio-aerosols, the bio-aerosol transmission and the sources testing methods, temporal and spatial distribution of dental bio-aerosols and summarized how to reduce the exposure to bio-aerosols in dental clinics. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32627126 | Besides, we debate the need of modulation in clinical approach from a hemodynamical point of view, as a measure towards reducing disease transmission, morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 affected patients. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32627515 | The occurrence of virus transmission even in asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS‑CoV‑2 clearly strengthens the evidence for the key role played by the sufficient immune control of viral replication in a subset of cases (eg, in children, a population with a highly effective innate immune response). | 2020-07-07 |
| 32627534 | Such panic can be ascribed to the seemingly deceptive features of COVID-19: Compared to other deadly viral outbreaks, it has medium transmission and mortality rates. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628405 | In addition, the implementation of safety measurements due to the infectious transmission to both the patients and care givers is crucial. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628416 | Measures to prevent further transmission have been enacted globally including social distancing and cancellation of public events. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628673 | Based on the historical data collected for COVID-19 spreading in 367 cities in China and the set of parameters of the augmented Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model obtained for each city, a set of profile codes representing a variety of transmission mechanisms and contact topologies is formed. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628716 | To determine when mobility restrictions reduce the size of an epidemic, we use a model of disease transmission within and between economically heterogeneous locally connected communities. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628750 | Only 11 (57.9%) of the 19 personnel with positive serology reported symptoms of a prior illness, suggesting asymptomatic healthcare personnel could be an important source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628795 | The outbreak of COVID-19, resulting from widespread transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents one of the foremost current challenges to societies across the globe, with few areas of life remaining untouched. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628871 | Because of the numerous potential modes of transmission, surgeons and all procedural staff represent a unique population that requires standardized procedures to protect themselves and their patients. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32628982 | Endotracheal intubation poses high risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other respiratory pathogens. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32629273 | In this communication, we proposed sustainable preventive measures that may be adopted by the low-income countries to forestall the potential outbreak and transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) through wastewater. | 2020-07-07 |
| 32629880 | COVID-19 epidemic has been suppressed in Hungary due to timely non-pharmaceutical interventions, prompting a considerable reduction in the number of contacts and transmission of the virus. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32629915 | Dentistry has had to adjust to the new epidemic situation to not only bring relief to suffering patients but also to avoid becoming a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32629960 | Anthroponotic transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions and minks. […] As of now, there is no a strong evidence for natural animal-to-human transmission or sustained animal-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32629963 | In both cases, Remote Healthcare Systems (RHS) may help minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32630735 | Human-to-human transmission seems to occur mainly through close contact with symptomatic people affected by COVID-19, and the main way of contagion is via the inhalation of respiratory droplets, for example when patients talk, sneeze or cough. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32630746 | Considerable scientific progress was recorded regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of genomic structure, diagnostic tools, viral transmission, mechanism of viral infection, symptomatology, clinical impact, and complications, but these data evolve constantly. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32630780 | In this review, we systematically summarize the current state of scientific knowledge about MERS-CoV, including virology and origin, epidemiology, zoonotic mode of transmission, and potential therapeutic or prophylactic intervention modalities. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32631426 | We then predicted the epidemic trend and transmission risk of COVID-19. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32631450 | To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, to provide evidence on the rational use of masks, and to discuss additional measures important for the protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19. […] Neither mask type completely prevents transmission, which may be due to inappropriate handling and alternative transmission pathways. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32631470 | Three-generation transmission was observed. […] Through epidemiological investigation, we observed asymptomatic transmission to a cohabiting family member, as well as person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 outside Wuhan city. […] The asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here provides evidence that there could be a greater risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32631702 | This will serve to reduce potential transmission of the virus and create cost efficiencies to free funding for COVID-19 related care. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32631770 | As patients with COVID-19 often present to emergency departments for initial care, it is important that emergency clinicians are familiar with these atypical presentations in order to prevent disease transmission. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632012 | In the absence of population-wide restrictions, isolation of infected individuals is key to curtailing transmission. […] However, the effectiveness of symptom-based isolation in preventing a resurgence depends on the extent of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. […] We evaluate the contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission based on recent individual-level data regarding infectiousness prior to symptom onset and the asymptomatic proportion among all infections. […] We found that the majority of incidences may be attributable to silent transmission from a combination of the presymptomatic stage and asymptomatic infections. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632198 | We reviewed relevant literature to understand the clinical course of disease and transmission routes in affected neonates. […] Based on current literature, the hypothesis of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, though conceivable, remains unproven. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632417 | All the newborns had a favourable outcome, with no cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632551 | Our policies aim to reduce the risk of transmission, guide patient management and workflow, preserve and effectively allocate resources, and be responsive to changing dynamics. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632645 | Most of the participants knew the term COVID-19 and its mode of transmission (90%), signs and symptoms (84%) and risk factors (72%) associated with it. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632787 | In the face of the continually worsening COVID-19 pandemic, jails and prisons have become the greatest vectors of community transmission and are a point of heightened crisis and fear within the global crisis. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32632960 | To date, no vaccines or effective therapeutics have been discovered yet that may successfully treat COVID-19 patients or contain the transmission of the virus. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32633236 | Since the SARS-CoV2 virus was detected in stool, a fecal-oral route of transmission is possible. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32633414 | Implementation of an effective and rapid plan of diagnosing, screening and checking is a key factor to reduce and prevent further transmission. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32633815 | This strongly implies global transmission occurred before the lockdown of China. […] However, the initial source’s transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 remain obscure and controversial. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32633929 | Since then, we have looked for ways to avoid transmission with mitigation measures and social distancing. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634005 | Communities are complex and only their members can inform public health experts about their lived realities, the community’s understanding of the outbreak and what will work locally to reduce transmission. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634041 | All the studies that were most relevant to the 2019-nCoV ocular involvement and routes of transmission, especially in the field of ophthalmology, thoroughly reviewed. […] Although transconjunctival aerosol is a suspected but, the main route of transmission is the known respiratory droplets which will be more significant due to close contact in the field of ophthalmology. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634080 | The clinical severity and extent of transmission need to be determined, and therapeutic options need to be developed and optimized. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634405 | Knowledge of transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from adults to children in household settings is limited. […] Transmission from adult to child occurred in only 5.2% of households. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634587 | HWs experienced a lower infection rate than their families and did not represent a main transmission risk for relatives. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634588 | This study provides predictive COVID-19 transmission patterns in different cluster types based on different R0 values. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634822 | Understanding nosocomial acquisition, outbreaks and transmission chains in real-time will be fundamental to ensuring infection prevention measures are effective in controlling COVID-19 in healthcare. […] We provided daily reports on incidence and trends over time to support HOCI investigation, and generated geo-temporal reports using network analysis to interrogate admission pathways for common epidemiological links to infer transmission chains. […] Real-time surveillance reports revealed: changing rates of HOCI throughout the course of the COVID-19 epidemic; key wards fuelling probable transmission events; HOCIs over-represented in particular specialities managing high-risk patients; the importance of integrating analysis of individual prior pathways; and the value of co-design in producing data visualisation. […] We demonstrate the importance of including the analysis of patient pathways and networks in characterising risk of transmission and targeting infection control interventions. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32634823 | This potentially isolates / quarantines many staff without SARS-CoV-2, whilst not preventing transmission from staff with asymptomatic infection. […] We explored the impact of testing staff on absence durations from work and transmission risks to others. […] Testing all staff (S3) changes the risk of workplace transmission by -56.9 to +1.0 workers per 1,000 tests (with reductions throughout at RT-PCR sensitivity of ≥65%), and absences by 0.5 to +3.6 days per test but at heightened testing needs of 989.6-1995.9 tests per 1,000 workers. […] Testing workers in household-quarantine (S2) reduces absences the most by 3.0-6.9 days per test (at 47.0-210.4 tests per 1,000 workers), while increasing risk of workplace transmission by 0.02-49.5 infected workers per 1,000 tests (which can be minimised when re-testing initially-negative tests). […] Based on optimising absence durations or transmission risk our modelling suggests testing staff in household-quarantine or all staff, depending on infection levels and testing capacities. | 2020-07-08 |
| 32635290 | We aimed to review the strategies used by our university hospital in Daegu (South Korea) to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 within our institution. […] Of them, three tested positive for COVID-19 without further transmission. […] In conclusion, the implementation of robust guidelines for preventing the intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19 is essential. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636075 | Before a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is made, these patients with negative chest CT findings may be ignored, causing the possibility of virus transmission. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636083 | The COVID-19 transmission rate is very high, infecting two to three persons on average with contact to an already infected person. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636204 | The UK government introduced social distancing measures between 16-22 March 2020, aiming to slow down transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636210 | We present a detailed account of pediatric inpatients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus at our institution during widespread local transmission, aiming to understand disease presentation and outcomes. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636542 | Diagnostic tests for the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) are critical for prompt diagnosis, treatment and isolation to break the cycle of transmission. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636699 | Transmission of the disease by airborne route was well known by the participants (91.1%), as well as the main symptoms such as fever (92.4%), cough (84.4%), and dyspnea (60.3%). | 2020-07-09 |
| 32636930 | Bilio-pancreatic endoscopy is considered a high-risk procedure for cross-contamination and, even though it is not directly involved in COVID-19 diagnosis and management, its reorganization is crucial to guarantee high standards of care minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission among patients and health-care providers. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32637289 | The questionnaire assessed the awareness of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incubation period, the known symptoms of COVID-19, the mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and infection control measures for prevention. […] Conclusions The Saudi population is aware of the attitudes and practices of prevention as well as the mode of transmission. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32637423 | Transmission on a regional and then national scale was promoted by intense travel during the holiday period of the Chinese New Year. […] We studied the variation in transmission of COVID-19, locally in Wuhan, as well as on a larger spatial scale, among different cities and even among provinces in mainland China. […] For early transmission in Wuhan, any infectious case produced as many as four new cases, transmission outside Wuhan was less intense, with reproduction numbers below two. […] During the rapid growth phase of the outbreak the region of Wuhan city acted as a hot spot, generating new cases upon contact, while locally, in other provinces, transmission was low. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32638022 | We firstly reported that direct evidence of the active SARS-CoV-2 replication in the patient’s rectum during the incubation period, which might explain SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32638053 | During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is important to operate with a plan designed to protect health care workers, to prevent transmission of infection from child and parents to another child or an accompanying person in the US suite, and to save valuable protective material and resources. […] Our purpose is to present the modified US services in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in two hospitals based on the instructions of the national organization of public health in Greece and what is known about the mode of transmission of the virus. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32638055 | We discuss the routes of infectious transmission and appropriate transmission-based precautions, in addition to exploring strategies to optimize personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32638221 | Studies have revealed new findings related to the full transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and its subsequent ability to cause infection by different means. […] To date, many studies have discussed that the rationale behind its transmission potential is that viral RNA has unexpectedly been detected in multiple bodily fluids, with some samples having remained positive for extended periods of time. […] In this evidence-based comprehensive review, we discuss various potential routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2-respiratory/droplet, indirect, fecal-oral, vertical, sexual, and ocular. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32639309 | In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pledged payment for telehealth visits for the duration of this public health emergency in an effort to decrease COVID-19 transmission and allow for deployment of residents and attending physicians to support critical-care services. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32639459 | Separating the flows of suspected patients from all other patients, and centralization of suspected and confirmed cases in the COVID center enabled to control the risk of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32639569 | To determine whether a social media campaign, targeted at the gaps in behavior on personal hygiene and physical distancing and distributed nationwide via digital news media, may be an effective method to improve behavior and help to inhibit person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. […] These findings suggest that a targeted behavioral change campaign, promoted by a news platform and social media, was associated with self-reported improvement in personal hygiene with the aim to prevent person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32639848 | As SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the feces of COVID-19 patients, future prevention and control efforts must consider the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of the virus. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32640392 | Proper disinfection is crucial to minimize community transmission of this highly contagious virus. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32640417 | We discuss the need for modulations in clinical approach from a neurological point of view, as a measure towards reducing disease transmission, morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV2 positive patients. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32640418 | While the search volumes eventually decreased significantly as the number of cases continued to rise, internet query search data may still be a useful tool at a population level to identify areas of active disease transmission at the cusp of new outbreaks. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32640492 | In March of 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS‐Cov2 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak a global pandemic after documenting community scale transmission in every region, including Latin America. | 2020-07-09 |
| 32641013 | Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641059 | The primary means of transmission is person to person through droplets that occurred during coughing or sneezing, through personal contact (shaking hands), or by touching contaminated objects. […] This work aimed to provide insight on the newly emerged COVID-19, in the hope to gain a better understanding on the general overview, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes as well as the prevention and control of COVID-19. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641171 | Barrier protection remains key to preventing transmission. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641188 | As seen in the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of socio-behavioral elements in understanding transmission and facilitating control of many outbreak-prone pathogens, this is problematic. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641446 | During the epidemic, some patients with neurological diseases also have COVID-19, which could be misdiagnosed and cause silent transmission and nosocomial infection. […] The principle of NCU care should include comprehensive screening and risk assessment, weighing risk against benefits and reducing the risk of COVID-19 transmission while treating patients as promptly as possible. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641486 | Studying the evolution and transmission patterns in different countries is crucial to enabling implementation of effective strategies for disease control and prevention. […] We found evidence that two of these cases represented local transmission cases occurring in Mexico during mid-March 2020, denoting the earliest events described for the country. […] Within this local transmission cluster, we also identified an H49Y amino acid change in the Spike protein. […] We also found evidence for early local transmission of strains with a H49Y mutation in the Spike protein, which could be further used as a molecular marker to follow viral spread within the country and the region. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641684 | SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that emerged in late 2019, has spread rapidly worldwide, and information about the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among humans is critical to apply appropriate infection control measures and to slow its spread. […] This study provides experimental evidence of robust transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the air, supporting the implementation of community-level social distancing measures currently applied in many countries in the world and informing decisions on infection control measures in healthcare settings. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32641901 | This review article describes the possible modes of transmission so that proper preventive actions should be taking. […] Importantly, this work mentioned the animal reservoir through which may infect humans, and it must be identified to break the transmission chain. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32642164 | The origin, transmission route, key targets of the virus and mechanism of infection deserved more studies. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32642354 | The nature of transmission of the virus makes it one of the most infectious pathogenic diseases that has ever existed. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32643585 | The routes of COVID-19 transmission to healthcare personnel from infected patients is the subject of debate, but is critical to the selection of personal protective equipment. […] The objective of this paper was to explore the contributions of three transmission routes-contact, droplet, and inhalation-to the risk of occupationally acquired COVID-19 infection among healthcare personnel (HCP). […] The key finding was that droplet and inhalation transmission routes predominate over the contact route, contributing 35%, 57%, and 8.2% of the probability of infection, on average, without use of personal protective equipment. […] The emission and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory droplets of different sizes is a critical knowledge gap for understanding and controlling COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32643599 | Phylogenetic analysis of sequences retrieved through this surveillance suggests that detected initial introductions, involving non-clade G viruses, did not seed local transmission. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32643708 | The lack of knowledge regarding the transmission mechanisms and the potential risks for the mother and the newborn, even when the vertical transmission of the virus has not been demonstrated, has led to the abandonment of practices such as skin-to-skin and the early initiation of breastfeeding (BF), which offer great benefits for maternal and child health. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32643908 | Some patients infected with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) require endotracheal intubation, an aerosol-generating procedure that is believed to result in viral transmission to personnel performing the procedure. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32643963 | To control the spread of COVID-19 transmission, Indonesia government has broadcasted information about the pandemic. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32644841 | Conclusion: In our study, breast milk was not a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32644979 |
|
2020-07-10 |
| 32644985 | Repeated point prevalence surveys (serial testing of all residents and health care personnel at a health care facility irrespective of symptoms) have been used to identify asymptomatic infections and have reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission during SNF outbreaks (1,3). […] Repeated point prevalence surveys in SNFs identified asymptomatic COVID-19 cases, informed cohorting and IPC practices aimed at reducing transmission, and guided prioritization of health department resources for facilities experiencing high levels of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32645477 | This study aimed to investigate the source of the outbreak and assess the risk of transmission of COVID-19 during the flight. […] We also collected data on factors potentially associated with COVID-19 transmission during the flight. […] COVID-19 transmission may have occurred during the flight. […] However, the majority of the cases in the flight-associated outbreak could not be attributed to transmission on the flight but were associated with exposure to the virus in Wuhan or to infected members in a single tour group. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32645554 | Transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) include droplet and contact transmissions. […] There are also evidence of transmission through aerosol generating procedures (AGP) in specific circumstances and settings. | 2020-07-10 |
| 32645951 | The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a recently-emerged zoonotic pathogen already well adapted to transmission and replication in humans. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32646015 | Standard precautions to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission implies that infected cell cultures and clinical specimens may undergo some sort of inactivation to reduce or abolish infectivity. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32646309 | Elective surgeries, outpatient appointments and cardiac imaging have been largely cancelled across the world due to the risk of infection transmission and the need for reallocation of resources to deal with the increasing number of COVID-19 patients. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32646729 | The available information does not allow to state whether transmission to neonates occurred transplacentarily. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32646870 | Thus, in the event that donated human milk contains SARS-CoV-2 by transmission through the mammary gland or by contamination, this method of pasteurization renders milk safe for consumption and handling by care providers. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32647358 | It then simulates transmission of the disease over time, spreading from specific infection sources, using contact rates of individuals within different social contexts. […] We report that the prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 clarified the probable source of infection in cases where epidemiological links could not be determined, significantly decreased the proportion of COVID-19 cases with contentious links, documented genomically similar cases associated with concurrent transmission in several institutions and identified previously unsuspected links. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32647672 | In order to block the transmission pathway of this virus before it spreads, we need to identify the presence of asymptomatic carriers as early as possible. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32648546 | Reliable estimates of cumulative incidence in the population are critical to tracking the extent of transmission and informing policies. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32648549 | Responsible for severe pneumonitis (Covid-19), there are also doubts concerning a possible mother-to-fetal transmission of this virus. […] They tend to support the idea that the mother-to-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is very rare, but the period between infection and childbirth was often very short and may not allow sufficient replication to consider transplacental passage. […] Thus, the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and the risk of transmission in utero is not yet fully understood and defined. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32648578 | Close contact, especially in a small enclosed space, might be the cause of familial transmission. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32648899 | This review discusses current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and management of COVID-19. […] Many aspects of transmission, infection, and treatment remain unclear. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649023 | The purpose of this communication is to highlight the evidence that the male reproductive system, particularly spermatozoa, constitute another vulnerable target, raising the possibility that COVID-19 might ultimately induce male infertility and/or facilitate the sexual transmission of this virus, depending on the level of infection. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649436 | Phacoemulsification is safe to perform in the COVID-19 era by taking adequate precautions against other modes of transmission. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649505 | The risk of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unknown. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649566 | A human to human transmission is thought to be predominantly by droplet spread, and direct contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649743 | We aimed to determine overall seroprevalence rates by age group, reported symptoms, contact exposure and to explore dynamics of transmission. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649784 | Our aim was to describe the clinical features of mothers infected with COVID-19 and examine any potential vertical mother to newborn transmission. […] We also assessed how effective the discharge recommendations were in preventing transmission during the first month of life. […] No infants died, and no vertical transmission was detected during hospitalisation or follow-up. […] There was no evidence of COVID-19 transmission in any of the infants born to COVID-19 mothers, and the post-discharge advice seemed effective. […] The measures to avoid transmission appeared to reduce exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32649988 | Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, although no evidence of COVID-19 transmission has been found via this route, could be advantageously exploited as an early warning of outbreaks. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32650220 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sparked significant anxiety regarding viral rates and means of transmission. | 2020-07-11 |
| 32650614 | Attitudes score was significantly associated with practices score (p = 0.009) indicating that subjects with a higher attitudes score are more likely to perform practices towards the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32650838 | The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 began in December 2019 and has spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission. […] The transmissibility of COVID-19 was strong and importance should be attached to the intervention of its transmission especially in Wuhan. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32650840 | Contact tracing has shown that no cases were the result of community transmission within the city. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32650948 | This suggests no viral transmission during sexual contact and assisted reproductive techniques, although further data need to be obtained. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32651513 | Dental care professionals will have legitimate concerns regarding the risk of transmission of COVID-19, particularly if required to respond to a medical emergency, such as a cardiac arrest. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32651686 | In this article, the Japan Surgical Society addresses the general principles of surgical treatment in relation to COVID-19 infection and advocates preventive measures against viral transmission during this unimaginable COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32651761 | The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in mainland China with subsequent human to human transmission worldwide had taken up the shape of a devastating pandemic. […] Here, we discuss about the pathogenicity, transmission, variations in angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 receptor-binding across species and host pathogen interactions of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 in laboratory animals used in research. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32652214 | This study demonstrated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces, and raises the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32652357 | The advent of novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its potential transmission via fecal-oral and aerosols-borne routes are upcoming challenges to understand the fate of the virus in the environment. […] In this short communication, we specifically looked at the possibilities of these transmission routes based on the available literature directly related to the SARS-CoV-2 as well as on the closer phylogenetic relatives such as SARS-CoV-1. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32652455 | We will describe standard transmission-based precautions, workflow for computed tomography examination of fever patients, and decontamination management of a radiology department. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32652529 | This review aims to inform the assessment and management of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri-operative care. […] In the absence of data specifically related to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the peri-operative setting, we explore the evidence-base that exists regarding modes of viral transmission, historical evidence for the risk associated with aerosol-generating procedures and contemporaneous data from the COVID-19 pandemic. […] We identify a significant lack of data regarding the risk of transmission in the management of elective surgical patients, highlighting the urgent need for further research. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32652898 | The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heightened the awareness of aerosol generation by human expiratory events and their potential role in viral respiratory disease transmission. […] However, the risks of aerosol generation and associated viral transmission by droplet or airborne routes for many otorhinolaryngology procedures are largely unknown. […] Indoor aerosol and droplet viral respiratory transmission risk is influenced by 4 factors: (1) aerosol or droplet properties; (2) indoor airflow; (3) virus-specific factors; and (4) host-specific factors. […] Herein we elaborate on known aerosol vs droplet properties, indoor airflow, and aerosol-generating events to provide context for risks of aerosol infectious transmission. […] Understanding principles of infectious transmission, aerosol and droplet generation, as well as concepts of indoor airflow, will assist in the integration of new data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and activities that can generate aerosol to best inform on the need for escalation or de-escalation from current societal and institutional guidelines for protection during aerosol-generating procedures. | 2020-07-12 |
| 32653358 | Malaysia has one of the highest total numbers of COVID-19 infections amongst the Southeast Asian nations, which led to the enforcements of the Malaysian “Movement Control Order” to prohibit disease transmission. […] These adaptations were important for the continuation of emergency surgery services, preventing transmission of COVID-19 amongst healthcare workers and optimization of medical personnel work force in times of a global pandemic. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653383 | During this observation period, as the infection continued to spread, the clinical conditions for majority of patients became less severe with the changes in the route of transmission. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653468 | Similarly, concerns regarding transmission of infection have required medical schools to provide robust, easily accessible virtual education options. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653479 | The majority of participants had a good level of knowledge of common symptoms, transmission, and prevention of the disease. […] In this study, we also found that female students had a better understanding of transmission and prevention than male students did. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653522 | The novel corona virus disease has shaken the entire world with its deadly effects and rapid transmission rates, posing a significant challenge to the healthcare authorities to develop suitable therapeutic solution to save lives on earth. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653662 | Asymptomatic patients, together with those with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may play an important role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653701 | Currently available evidence supports that the predominant route of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory droplets. […] Indirect hands contact with surfaces contaminated by infectious droplets subsequently touching the mouth, nose or eyes seems to be another route of an indirect contact transmission. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32653930 | There was no convincing evidence that food or food packaging is associated with the transmission of COVID-19, but good hygiene practices for handling and preparing foods were recommended. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32654024 | There is a possibility of transmission of the SARS- CoV-2 through asymptomatic patients and hence all patients, even with an unknown COVID-19 status, need to undergo a preoperative screening. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32654059 | Across the globe, professional societies and specialty associations are issuing recommendations about which procedures to use, when to use them, and how to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission during their use. […] This paper provides current evidence on COVID-19 transmission during commonly used dysphagia practices and provides recommendations for protection while conducting these procedures. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32654267 | COVID-19 is highly contagious pathogenic viral infection initiated from Wuhan seafood wholesale market of China on December 2019 and spread rapidly around the whole world due to onward transmission. […] For this widespread zoonotic virus, human-to-human transmission has resulted in nearly 83 lakh cases in 213 countries and territories with 4,50,686 deaths as on 19 June 2020. […] This review presents a report on the origin, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, possible vaccines, animal models, and immunotherapy for this novel virus and will provide ample references for the researchers toward the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines and also preventing the spread of this disease. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32654275 | Since early March, transplant centers throughout the country have attempted to balance the risk of COVID-19 transmission in a newly immunosuppressed transplant recipient with the concern for wait list mortality and life years lost by remaining on dialysis. | 2020-07-13 |
| 32654437 | Then, for two types of infectious diseases (a highly contagious disease like COVID-19 vs. a hospital-based transmission like MERS-Cov), we estimated the level of disparity between NPIR capacity and demand at the sub-regional level in South Korea by applying the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32654533 | Rapid transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has affected the whole world and forced it to a halt (lockdown). | 2020-07-14 |
| 32654740 | This case has brought more attention and understanding to the epidemic and mode of transmission of the disease. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32654801 | Telemedicine facilitates specialized urological clinical support at a distance, solves problems of limitations in mobility, reduces unnecessary visits to clinics, and is useful for reducing the risk of viral transmission in the current COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32654854 | Poor living conditions in LMICs including lack of sanitation, running water and overcrowding may facilitate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32655128 | The goal of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 and the preventive and management measures adopted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics (Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to minimize the risk of transmission of Covid-19. […] After the protocol was established, control of the disease was achieved without hospital transmission after its application. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32655463 | On March 14, 2020, the Spanish Government declared the state of alarm to limit viral transmission. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32655724 | Person-to-person droplet transmission is the main mode of spread although there is potential for fecal-oral transmission. […] GI endoscopy units are high-risk areas and GI procedures are high-risk procedures for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656006 | We conducted a systematic review and included 16 case reports to summarize the transmission and pathology of 2019-nCoV, and clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment in 2019-nCoV pneumonia. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656172 | Furthermore, it is advocated that both nasopharyngeal and anal swabs should be confirmed negative for viral load prior to declaring full recovery so as to avoid oral-fecal transmission. […] This therefore warrants an urgent reassessment of the transmission dynamics of the current outbreak. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656303 | In a special issue of VirusDisease, “The global emergence of coronavirus in human”, various topics relating to emergence, potential cases, transmission dynamics, diagnosis, pathogenesis, food safety, therapeutic strategies and antiviral properties of Ayurveda products are covered. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656307 | Moreover, extreme environmental stability helps in the process of viral survival outside the host and its transmission. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656310 | The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the major research themes in COVID-19 literature, (2) determine the origin, symptoms and modes of transmission of COVID, (3) recommend the intervention and mitigation strategies adopted by the Governments globally against the spread of COVID-19 and the traumatization among the public? | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656368 | The aim of this work was to inform such exit strategies by exploring the types of indoor and outdoor settings where transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur and result in clusters of cases. […] Identifying potential settings that result in transmission clusters allows these to be kept under close surveillance and/or to remain closed as part of strategies that aim to avoid a resurgence in transmission following the lifting of lockdown measures. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32656688 | There is no direct evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, a diagnosis of COVID-19 was made in a newborn two hours after delivery from a pregnant woman with COVID-19, based on the increased immunoglobulin levels and deranged liver function, suggesting that its possibility cannot be completely eliminated. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32656798 | In a setting of low community transmission, most cardiac arrests are not due to COVID-19. […] Methods to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 include a physical barrier such as a towel or mask over the patient’s mouth and nose, appropriate use of PPE, minimising the staff involved in resuscitation, and use of mechanical chest compression devices when available. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32657548 | We compared characteristics of cases and non-cases to determine transmission dynamics. […] Group A, involving seven confirmed cases and six suspected cases, consisted of familial transmission followed by propagative transmission. […] There was less pathogenicity with propagative transmission than with familial transmission. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32658096 | To date, although neonatal infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been described, none of these have been proven to be the result of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] We describe the probable vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a neonate born to a mother with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-07-14 |
| 32658097 | Further understanding of the risk factors that lead to in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection is needed. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32658858 | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide epidemic, and various countries have responded with different containment measures to reduce disease transmission, including stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32659712 | Broad and decentralised testing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA genomes is a WHO-recommended strategy to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by identifying infected cases in order to minimize onward transmission. | 2020-07-14 |
| 32660125 | Here, we employed a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SEIRD) model to assess SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, working on the number of reported patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and deaths in Sicily (Italy), from 24 February to 13 April. […] Interestingly, we estimated that transmission rate in the community was reduced by 32% (95%CI = 23-42%) after the first set of restrictions, and by 80% (95%CI = 70-89%) after those adopted on 23 March. […] Moreover, our findings suggested that transmission rates were reduced after the adoption of control measures. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660309 | This review consolidates current data on the disease associated with SARS-CoV-2, called COVID-19, and information from past coronavirus epidemics, to discuss diseases of pediatric neurology including Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy); central demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; infantile spasms; febrile seizures; and maternal-fetal transmission of virus. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660367 | To investigate small-particle aerosolization from mastoidectomy relevant to potential viral transmission and to test source-control mitigation strategies. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660503 | In the first month of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden took the same strategy as most other countries, working to “flatten the curve,” by slowing transmission so that the healthcare system could cope with the disease. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660677 | Mass gatherings and high-density activities, such as sporting events, conventions, and theme parks, are consistently included among highest-risk activities given the increased potential for widespread coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660687 | A small percentage of participants did not minimize their exposures by reducing close contacts and transmission of respiratory droplets (14.5%) and visited public areas during the epidemic (28.7%). […] Most of the participants wash their hands when they suspect a possible transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen (94.6%) and clean or disinfect pathogen contamination-suspected areas at home (84.6%). | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660690 | While many nations are struggling to slow the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Vietnam has seen no new locally acquired cases since April 16. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660697 | With regard to the sexual transmission of the virus, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend asymptomatic couples to abstein from having sex in order to protect themselves from being infected by the virus. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660901 | The aggressive nature of the new SARS-2 corona virus now referred to as SARS-CoV-2 ; the seriousness and length of the period of infection; the fast and far-reaching transmissibility via liquid droplets that become air-borne when someone coughs, sneezes or speaks with increasing evidence to support actual airborne transmission; the presence of viral particles especially in body fluids and tissues, of viral positive individuals; and the persistence of the virus on different types of surfaces pose serious concerns for forensic practitioners, including forensic DNA analysts. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32660907 | Only 30%, 40% and 53% of participants were aware of modes of transmission (respiratory droplets and fomites), cardinal symptoms (fever, cough and breathing difficulty) and means of prevention (staying indoors, social distancing and regular hand washing), respectively. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661139 | These findings have important implications for understanding potential natural reservoirs, zoonotic transmission, human-to-animal transmission, and use of animal models.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 uses human ACE2 as a primary receptor for host cell entry. […] Viral entry mediated by the interaction of ACE2 with spike protein largely determines host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission. […] These results have important implications in the natural hosts, interspecies transmission, animal models, and molecular basis of receptor binding for SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661490 | Although SARS-CoV-2 has been known to spread primarily through respiratory droplets, recent evidence also supports fecal/oral as an additional route of transmission, raising concerns over gastrointestinal (GI) transmission of the infection. […] Here, we provide multi-institutional consensus on minimizing disease transmission while continuing to provide care from all aspects for patients in GI surgery, including outpatient clinics, inpatient units, gastrointestinal endoscopy centers, and adjustments in perioperative care. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661497 | Indeed, for many other viral infections, early treatment soon after development of symptoms is associated with decreased mortality, lower hospitalization rates, and lower likelihood of transmission to others. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661521 | Of interest to the dental community is the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of the affected patients that can potentially cause transmission of COVID-19 via droplets. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661859 | Nevertheless, the death rate due to COVID-19 transmission is high especially among patients with non-communicable diseases. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661860 | Exceptional precautionary measures have been adopted to stop the transmission and control of COVID-19 through the world and Pakistan is facing lockdown in this scenario. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32661937 | • Social distancing and isolation are important tools in mitigating COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662111 | Moreover, we discuss the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from infected mothers to their infants, which could also explain adverse perinatal outcomes. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662396 | Self-collection of sputum can minimize the risk of unnecessary exposure to healthcare workers, preserve the shortage of personal protective equipment, and limit viral transmission to the environment. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662398 | These results are important for health authorities to develop appropriate educational programs and protective health measures including good respiratory etiquette and handwashing practices, to enhance safer lifestyles and prevent COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662416 | Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to clarify eye involvement in COVID-19 in order to help with its diagnosis and to further prevent its transmission. […] The purpose of this review is to describe the structure and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, reported ocular findings and protection strategies for ophthalmologists. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662421 | To date, no consistent evidence for the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 exists. […] We report that co-transcription of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 is negligible in the placenta, thus not a likely path of vertical transmission for SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662571 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed major shortcomings in our ability to mitigate transmission of infectious viral disease and provide treatment to patients, resulting in a public health crisis. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662717 | Worldwide measures are taken to prevent human to human transmission and improve general health. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32662867 | Currently, governments and transportation industries around the world are developing strategies to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission associated with resuming activity. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32663071 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a dynamic process and, therefore, it is likely that the prevalence of COVID-19 in the community will wax and wane. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32663351 | The majority of parents had good understanding regarding symptomatology and routes of transmission. […] Only 27% were aware of feco-oral transmission, and 34% knew about gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19. 100% of parents understood concept of social distancing, and 70% knew that asymptomatic individuals can transmit the virus. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32663690 | Discussion includes identifying parameters of disease transmission through solid waste handling, consequences of medical waste surge on current municipal waste treatment and disposal systems. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32663708 | Over a short span of time, the structures of therapeutic target proteins for SARS-CoV-2 were identified based on the homology modelled structure of similar SARS-CoV transmission of 2003. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32663849 | Routes of transmission remain to be fully understood. | 2020-07-15 |
| 32664787 | In this regard, orotracheal intubation has been universally recognized as a maneuver with a high risk of viral transmission. […] On the other hand, rapid sequence induction, which represents the gold standard for limiting the risk of transmission for health care professionals, implies side effects that can be potentially harmful for patients with impaired hemodynamics. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32664866 | Scientists have made strides in estimating key transmission and epidemiological parameters. […] In particular, accumulating evidence points to a substantial fraction of asymptomatic or subclinical infections, which influences our understanding of the transmission potential and severity of this emerging disease. […] In this study, we derive estimates of the transmissibility and virulence of COVID-19 in Wuhan City, China, by reconstructing the underlying transmission dynamics using multiple data sources. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32665234 | This might identify medications increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission, or as targets for intervention in mitigating transmission. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32665677 | SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted through droplets; other transmission routes are hypothesized but not confirmed. […] We demonstrate the transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a neonate born to a mother infected in the last trimester and presenting with neurological compromise. […] The transmission is confirmed by comprehensive virological and pathological investigations. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32666004 | However, the United States and many hard-hit European countries, like Ireland, Italy, Spain, France and the United Kingdom, currently appear content to merely flatten the curve of their epidemic trajectories so that transmission persists at rates their critical care services can cope with. […] Here I present a simple set of arithmetic modelling analyses that are accessible to non-specialists and explain why preferable crush the curve strategies, to eliminate transmission within months, would require only a modest amount of additional containment effort relative to the tipping point targeted by flatten the curve strategies, which allow epidemics to persist at supposedly steady, manageable levels for years, decades or even indefinitely. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32666253 | Hospital policy was enacted to hinder transmission of COVID-19 and included limited gatherings of people, restricted travel, quarantined symptomatic staff, and careful surveillance for disease incidence. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32667069 | The infection prevention procedures applied, totally excluded the transmission of Covid-19 in the department. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32667418 | Accumulative evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the digestive system, the so-called fecal-oral route of transmission, and may induce several gastrointestinal manifestations. […] The digestive system may be a potential route of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32667447 | To analyse the measures adopted by countries that have shown control over the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how each curve of accumulated cases behaved after the implementation of those measures. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32668015 | With appropriate peri-operative measures to prevent viral transmission, major surgery for urgent orthopaedic oncology patients can continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32668037 | In carrying this out, nutrition support practices have been revised in such ways to mitigate viral transmission and adapt to the pandemic. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32668134 | We highlight that social distancing and hygiene precautions are the best practices for reducing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32668513 | This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within facilities; the guidelines were developed to protect patients and healthcare workers from this highly contagious virus. | 2020-07-16 |
| 32668559 | This first study may serve as a reference to better understand and predict the factors affecting the COVID-19 diffusion and transmission routes, focusing on the role of air particulate matter in the atmosphere. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32669014 | This finding may indicate that the female genital tract is not a route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32669955 | Our research will be beneficial for understanding the transmission routes and sex-based differences in susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32670441 | This study was performed to analyze information regarding the transmission route and presence of viral nucleic acids on several clinical samples. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32670726 | Currently identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization given its rapid global transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32670918 | It reached alert Level 2, i.e. local transmission for virus spread in early March 2020 and soon thereafter alert Level 3, i.e. community transmission. […] Feedback from other countries exhibits COVID-19 transmission levels to have shown within country variations. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32670920 | The key concern is professional obligation versus risks of community transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32670923 | These are also the countries with low humidity which could be favoring the transmission and survival of the SARS-COV-2. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32670924 | It has been said to have a person-to-person transmission after prolonged and unprotected exposure. […] The present article describes the nature of virus, method of detection, and its mode of transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32671007 | The analysis of the transmission chain showed two cluster infections with 62 cases infected. […] Transmission from a family member constituted 42%, usually at the end of transmission chain. […] Self-quarantine at an outbreak’s early stage, especially for those with high-risk exposures, is conducive to prevent the transmission of infection. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32671115 | Therefore, in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, the implementation of precautions and hygienic measures will be essential to control and to minimize human transmission of the virus. […] In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, and treatment of this disease, as well as future strategies to manage the spread of this fatal coronavirus. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32671650 | In this review, the SARS-CoV‑2 life cycle, its transmission and the clinical and immunological features of COVID-19 are described. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32671665 | During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the concern for reducing disease transmission has led to a worldwide increase in face mask utilization. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32671968 | SARS-CoV-2 is capable of aerosol, droplet and fomite transmission, making it essential to augment standard infection control measures with appropriate PPE, especially during surgical emergencies and aerosol-generating procedures. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32672064 | The results show that temperature seasonality (29.2 ± 0.9%) has the highest contribution for COVID-19 transmission in the humid continental region. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32672814 | Finally, we discuss cross-species virus transmission across both the wild bird - poultry interface as well as from birds to mammals. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32673193 | Use of personal protective measures and social distancing reduces the likelihood of transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32673300 | These findings support the role of source control in preventing transmission and can inform the development of public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32673384 | This article describes predictive modelling of COVID-19 in general, and efforts within the Public Health Agency of Canada to model the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Canadian population to support public health decisions. […] Lifting disruptive NPIs such as shut-downs must be accompanied by enhancements to other NPIs to prevent new introductions and to identify and control any new transmission chains. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32673522 | Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32673577 | We used established transmission models of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria to estimate the additional impact on health that could be caused in selected settings, either due to COVID-19 interventions limiting activities, or due to the high demand on the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32674022 | The role of meteorological factors in the transmission of the COVID-19 still needs to be determined. […] Daily number of confirmed and incubative cases, as well as time-dependent reproductive number (Rt) was calculated to indicate the transmission of the diseases in the population. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32674034 | These results support quantitative assessment of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in patient testing and efforts to control viral transmission. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32674088 | The frequent testing of non-symptomatic infectiousness will (i) significantly improve the predictability of the pandemic, (ii) allow informed and optimized decisions on how to modify restrictive measures, with shorter delay times than the present ones, and (iii) enable the real-time assessment of the efficiency of new means to reduce transmission rates. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32674112 | As countries in the world review interventions for containing the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), important lessons can be drawn from the study of the full transmission dynamics of its causative agent-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- in Wuhan (China), where vigorous non-pharmaceutical interventions have suppressed the local outbreak of this disease1. […] Accounting for presymptomatic infectiousness2, time-varying ascertainment rates, transmission rates and population movements3, we identify two key features of the outbreak: high covertness and high transmissibility. | 2020-07-17 |
| 32674650 | We developed strategies to prevent hospital-associated transmission of COVID-19 in obstetric care. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32674820 | Without proper protection, HHA clinicians are at risk of self-exposure and viral transmission to patients and vulnerable family members. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32674824 | Visitor restriction policies enacted to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to long-term care residents requires advance care planning discussions to be conducted remotely. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32674969 | The role of outside air temperatures have been implicated as a potential factor involved in disease transmission. […] Along with temperatures, infection control and protection measures as well as how well people adopt these measures are likely to play a role in disease transmission and case growth rates seen across countries. […] The current study uses panel data estimation for the original EU-15 countries in an attempt to explain the role of outside air temperatures, health behavior and government-imposed containment measures on Covid-19 transmission rates. […] Years of education also appears to have a small but negative association with disease transmission rates suggesting that populations with higher educational attainments may be doing a better job of self-protection. […] Temperature appears to have a very small, but statistically significant impact on the viral transmission rate where a 1 °C increase in temperatures is estimated to reduce Covid-19 transmission by 0.9 percent. […] Temperature plays a small but significant role on Covid-19 transmission rates. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32675462 | However, continuing precautions are still practiced considering the risk of transmission from asymptomatic carriers. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32675512 | The survey portrays the situation 5 weeks after the first case of secondary transmission in Italy. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32675513 | Our objective was to review the literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and propose mitigation measures to address these risks. […] We conducted a narrative review of the existing literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and balance these risks against the benefits of minimally invasive approaches. […] Minimally invasive surgical approaches offer significant advantages with respect to both patient care, and the mitigation of the risk of viral transmission during surgery, provided the appropriate equipment and expertise are present. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32675514 | In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conduct of elective cancer surgery has become an issue because of the need to balance the requirement to treat patients with the possibility of transmission of the virus by asymptomatic carriers. […] A particular concern is the potential for viral transmission by way of aerosol which may be generated during perioperative care. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32675516 | : There is a long history of personal protective equipment (PPE) used by the surgeon to minimize the transmission of various pathogens. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32675657 | Therefore, the risk of transmission of the virus to the surgeon and surgical personnel due to the microkeratome procedure seemed to be low. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32676111 | Fortunately, there are no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practices. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32676492 | Conclusions: The partial lockdown in Bangladesh due to the COVID-19 pandemic increased community transmission and worsened the healthcare crisis, economic burden, and loss of GDP despite the resuming of industrial operations. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32678017 | Acute respiratory distress syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, which causes global public health emergencies, has sped widely for more than 5 months and has the risk of long-term transmission. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32678056 | Based on disease transmission-related parameters, this study was designed to predict the trend of COVID-19 epidemic in the mainland of China and provide theoretical basis for current prevention and control. […] An SEIQR epidemiological model incorporating asymptomatic transmission, short term immunity and imperfect isolation was constructed to evaluate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 inside and outside of Hubei province. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32678072 | To determine whether local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be detected, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) conducted deidentified sentinel surveillance at six NYC hospital emergency departments (EDs) during March 1-20. […] On March 8, while testing availability for SARS-CoV-2 was still limited, DOHMH announced sustained community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (1). […] † The following week, on March 15, when only seven of the 56 (13%) patients with known exposure histories had exposure outside of NYC, the level of community SARS-CoV-2 transmission status was elevated from sustained community transmission to widespread community transmission (2). | 2020-07-18 |
| 32678356 | The combination of near to real-time whole-genome sequence analysis and epidemiology resulted in reliable assessments of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community, facilitating early decision-making to control local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32678809 | The dental environment has a high risk of viral transmission; accordingly, this study aimed to identify recommendations based on the best available evidence for dental care during this pandemic. […] Furthermore, there is a consensus that non-urgent treatments should be postponed during periods of community transmission. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32678827 | We analyzed importations that were successfully isolated and those leading to onward transmission. […] This study is restricted to the early phase of the pandemic, when China was the only large epicenter and foreign countries had not discovered extensive local transmission yet. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32679081 | This approach enabled us to detect cryptic transmission events and identify opportunities to target infection-control interventions to further reduce health-care associated infections. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32679206 | The COVID-19 outbreak was fraught with danger and despair as many medically necessary surgeries were cancelled to preserve precious healthcare resources and mitigate disease transmission. | 2020-07-18 |
| 32679582 | IMPACT: Children usually develop a mild form of COVID-19, rarely requiring high-intensity medical treatment in pediatric intensive care unit.Vertical transmission is unlikely, but not completely excluded.Children with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 must be isolated and healthcare workers should wear appropriate protective equipment.Some clinical features (higher incidence of fever, vomiting and diarrhea, and a longer incubation period) are more common in children than in adults, as well as some radiologic aspects (more patchy shadow opacities on CT scan images than ground-glass opacities). | 2020-07-18 |
| 32680520 | The development of a remote model of healthcare delivery allows for the reduction in transmission risks associated with COVID-19, increases access to OAT, reduces waiting times and minimises barriers to services. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32680695 | The possibility of faecal transmission of disease is reviewed. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32680731 | Having passed the peak, in terms of mortality and infections, a gradual reduction in transmission figures has been observed in Spain and other European countries. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32680824 | Response to this ongoing pandemic requires extensive collaboration across the scientific community in an attempt to contain its impact and limit further transmission. […] Mathematical modelling has been at the forefront of these response efforts by: (1) providing initial estimates of the SARS-CoV-2 reproduction rate, R0 (of approximately 2-3); (2) updating these estimates following the implementation of various interventions (with significantly reduced, often sub-critical, transmission rates); (3) assessing the potential for global spread before significant case numbers had been reported internationally; and (4) quantifying the expected disease severity and burden of COVID-19, indicating that the likely true infection rate is often orders of magnitude greater than estimates based on confirmed case counts alone. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32680860 | A spreadsheet predicting the inactivation of coronaviruses and the associated uncertainty is presented and can be used to predict virus inactivation for untested temperatures, time points, or any coronavirus strains belonging to Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus genera.IMPORTANCE The prediction of the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on fomites is essential in investigating the importance of contact transmission. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32680881 | We use mobility and case data to quantify how coordinated exit strategies could delay continental resurgence and limit community transmission of COVID-19. […] Further, we find that appropriate coordination can greatly improve the likelihood of eliminating community transmission throughout Europe. […] In particular, synchronizing intermittent lockdowns across Europe means that half as many lockdown periods would be required to end continent-wide community transmission. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32681121 | A human-to-human transmission was assumed and a previously unrecognized entity, termed coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) due to a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was described. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32681772 | The first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nigeria was imported in February, 2020 and since then community transmission has been prevalent. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32681782 | Ultrasound examination is a fundamental part of obstetric care, yet it is a potential vector for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] There must be workflow policies to protect pregnant women and healthcare providers from nosocomial cross transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Cleaning and disinfecting of equipment must be in accordance with their potential of pathogen transmission. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32681845 | An impressive high transmission rate allows COVID-19 conferring enormous challenge for clinicians worldwide, and developing to a pandemic level. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32681983 | Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission due in part to difficulty maintaining physical distancing. […] Analysis of the outbreak identified 2 index cases with subsequent nosocomial transmission within the dialysis unit and in shared shuttle buses to the hemodialysis unit. […] Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing and universal droplet and contact precautions in the setting of an outbreak appeared to be effective in preventing further transmission. | 2020-07-19 |
| 32682660 | There is also evidence of transmission through aerosols and digestive tracts. […] The close proximity between the practitioners and the patients, and the generation of droplets and aerosols that contain saliva and blood during treatment further increase the risks of transmission. […] In this article, we summarized the preventive strategies for control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to protect both staff and patients during the orthodontic practice. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32682701 | Management of ACS in patients with COVID-19 needs more consideration of the balance between clinical benefit and transmission risk of virus. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32682733 | In new guidelines published on June 5th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32682788 | These modifications may be the probable reason for the extreme transmission and pathogenicity of the virus. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32683039 | Nausea and diarrhea are equally frequent, suggesting viral infection or transmission via the gastrointestinal-enteric system. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32683321 | The interactions of coronavirus transmission with socio-economic factors in India using the multivariate approach were also investigated. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32683342 | A strict lockdown is suggested as an effective measure for containing the novel Corona virus infection transmission worldwide. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32683753 | COVID-19 is characterized by high infectivity, long incubation period, diverse clinical presentations, and strong transmission intensity. | 2020-07-20 |
| 32683837 | No vertical transmission was documented in any of the infants. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32683857 | The high proliferation rate of viruses is the underlying cause of their fast transmission among living species. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32684119 | Our findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 transmission is related to inpatient healthcare work, and illustrate the need for a high standard of basic hygiene routines in all inpatient care settings. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32684225 | Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection leads to the major threat of human safety and health. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32684497 | MERS-CoV can spread through bioaerosol transmission from animal or human sources. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32684716 | The orthopaedic community’s responsibility of providing a continuity of care for patients has to be balanced with measures to reduce risk of viral transmission (e.g. reduce face to face consultations) and also protect ion of both the patients and staff. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32684754 | There is no proven information about other transmission routes such as fecal-oral transmission. […] Asymptomatic pediatric patients or pediatric patients who have a mild course constitute an important group in terms of transmission of the infection to the advanced age group who carry high risk. […] In order to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, hygienic rules should be pursued in the community, social distancing should be observed, and the family members and contacts of patients who have been diagnosed should be screened and isolated. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32685293 | Videos had better scores in the Transmission component of the MICI scale and scored low on the Screening/Testing component. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32685412 | In this study, a comprehensive investigation was done regarding the possibility of vertical transmission using the available data in the literature. […] Overall, 86 neonates were tested for the possibility of vertical transmission and 82 cases were negative in RT-PCR, while 4 were positive. […] Although the possibility of vertical transmission in infected pregnant women is rare, four neonates’ test results for COVID-19 infection were positive in this review. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32685697 | Background: Pre-symptomatic transmission can be a key determinant of the effectiveness of containment and mitigation strategies for infectious diseases, particularly if interventions rely on syndromic case finding. […] For COVID-19, infections in the absence of apparent symptoms have been reported frequently alongside circumstantial evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission. […] We estimated the potential contribution of pre-symptomatic cases to COVID-19 transmission. […] Methods: Using the probability for symptom onset on a given day inferred from the incubation period, we attributed the serial interval reported from Shenzen, China, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission. […] Conclusions: Pre-symptomatic transmission may be essential to consider for containment and mitigation strategies for COVID-19. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32685698 | While sustained transmission chains of human-to-human transmission suggest high basic reproduction number R0, variation in the number of secondary transmissions (often characterised by so-called superspreading events) may be large as some countries have observed fewer local transmissions than others. […] Methods: We quantified individual-level variation in COVID-19 transmission by applying a mathematical model to observed outbreak sizes in affected countries. […] Results: Our model suggested a high degree of individual-level variation in the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32686094 | Paper masks are worn by health professionals and the general public to avoid the transmission of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19, but there appear to be differences in health beliefs of nurses within and between countries regarding these. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32686375 | Because tracheostomy is a droplet-spreading procedure, medical staff should protect themselves against the risk of transmission of this contagious viral disease. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32686577 | The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission presents a diversity of human host and increased disease risk with advancing age, highlighting the importance of in-depth understanding of its biological properties. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32687061 | After the consultation, the participants’ knowledge of the symptoms, transmission routes, and preventive measures of COVID-19 was significantly higher than before the consultation (t3058=-106.105, -80.456, and -152.605, respectively; all P<.001> | 2020-07-21 | </.001>
| 32687112 | Nigeria is now in the phase of widespread community transmission as almost all the states have reported confirmed cases. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32687150 | We describe four LTCF outbreaks where mass testing identified a high proportion of asymptomatic infections (4-41% in health care workers and 20-75% in residents), indicating that symptom-based screening alone is insufficient for monitoring for COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32687538 | We assumed that 2% of the Kenyan population get symptomatic infection by SARS-Cov-2 based on modelled estimates for Kenya and determined the health system surge capacity for COVID-19 under three transmission curve scenarios, 6, 12, and 18 months. […] For example, under the 6 months transmission scenario, the percentage of available general hospital beds that would be taken up by COVID-19 cases varied from 12% Tharaka Nithi county, to 145% in Trans Nzoia county. […] Kenya will need an additional 1,511 ICU beds and 1,609 ventilators (6 months transmission curve) to 374 ICU beds and 472 ventilators (18 months transmission curve) to absorb caseloads due to COVID-19. […] Alongside efforts to slow and supress the transmission of the infection, the Kenyan government will need to implement adaptive measures and additional investments to expand the hospital surge capacity for COVID-19. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32687917 | The primary source and intermediate host are not yet confirmed, although transmission from human to human is universally confirmed. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32687997 | This article aims to examine the latest investigations on SARS-CoV-2 plausible environmental transmission modes, employment of wastewater surveillance for early detection of COVID-19, and elucidating the role of solid waste, water, and atmospheric quality on viral infectivity. […] Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via faecal-oral or bio-aerosols lacks robust evidence and remains debatable. […] Solid waste generated by households with infected individuals during the lockdown period may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 via fomite transmission route but has received little attention from the scientific community. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32688005 | Understanding the effect of meteorological factors and control strategies on COVID-19 transmission is critical to contain the epidemic. […] We find that high temperature mitigates the transmission of the disease. […] High relative humidity promotes COVID-19 transmission when temperature is low, but tends to reduce transmission when temperature is high. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32688137 | To find the role of factors/parameters in the transmission of the syndrome we find R0; the ratio of reproduction for the proposed model. […] To find the role of parameters in the transmission of the syndrome we find R0; the ratio of reproduction for the proposed model. | 2020-07-21 |
| 32689846 | No evidence of late vertical transmission was noticed but prematurity and high CS rate were common findings, although it is difficult to establish any causality between these conditions and COVID-19. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32689926 | Although the modes of transmission of COVID-19 are not fully understood, based on what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), droplets and aerosolized droplets contribute to the spread of this virus. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32690096 | In addition to the common route of transmission including airborne transmission, these three viruses have their own unique routes of transmission such as fecal-oral route of transmission COVID-19. […] Their receptors and routes of transmission are not all the same, which makes them different in clinical features and treatments. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32690231 | COVID-19 is known for its magical infectivity, fast transmission and high death toll based on the large number of infected people. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32690299 | Source control to limit transmission distance was used by requiring all passengers to wear masks (surgical masks for persons under investigation and N95 for known positives). | 2020-07-22 |
| 32690547 | While the mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 is moderate, given the large number of transmission chains, it is prudent to monitor circulating viruses for variants that might compromise these assays. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32690986 | This represents the first case of COVID-19 identified on breast MR imaging that the authors have seen and highlights the importance of prompt identification and flagging of incidental pulmonary findings to minimise further transmission of the virus in asymptomatic carriers. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691006 | Foods and herbs could be used as dietary or complementary therapy to prevent infection and strengthen immunity, as antiviral agents for masks, as disinfectants to curb aerosol transmission, or as sanitizing agents to disinfect surfaces. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691011 | The prevalence of respiratory illness caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus associated with multiple organ failures is spreading rapidly because of its contagious human-to-human transmission and inadequate globalhealth care systems. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691014 | The use of masks as a means of reducing transmission of COVID-19 outside healthcare settings has proved controversial. […] Masks are thought to have two modes of effect: they prevent infection with COVID-19 in wearers; and prevent transmission by individuals with subclinical infection. […] Masks, even with suboptimal efficacy in both prevention of acquisition and transmission of infection, could substantially decrease the reproduction number for COVID-19 if widely used. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691016 | Simplified arithmetic models of COVID-19 transmission, control and elimination are presented in user-friendly Shiny and Excel formats that allow non-specialists to explore, query, critique and understand the containment decisions facing their country and the world at large. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691828 | Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients may be similar and surfaces could be involved in transmission. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691901 | We observed a reduction in ACS hospitalizations during the COVID-19 outbreak in a country with strict social measures, low community transmission, and no excess in mortality. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32691919 | Isolation and masks are essential to limit human-to-human transmission initially. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32692365 | The findings may reflect the number of persons who had mild or no illness or who did not seek medical care or undergo testing but who still may have contributed to ongoing virus transmission in the population. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32692408 | In this study, third-trimester placentas from SARS-CoV-2-positive women were more likely to show evidence of maternal-fetal vascular malperfusion; however, ISH and IHC provided no evidence of direct viral involvement or vertical transmission. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32692465 | In this Viewpoint, we summarize transmission electron microscopic studies of cilia in virus-infected cells. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32692648 | To estimate the impact of the timing and intensity of such measures, we built a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission that incorporates age-stratified risks and contact patterns and projects numbers of hospitalizations, patients in intensive care units, ventilator needs, and deaths within US cities. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32692736 | We developed a deterministic compartmental transmission model of SARS-CoV-2 in a population stratified by disease status (susceptible, exposed, infectious with mild or severe disease, diagnosed, and recovered) and disease awareness status (aware and unaware) due to the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32692753 | However, time-independent parameters in the classical models may not capture the dynamic transmission and removal processes, governed by virus containment strategies taken at various phases of the epidemic. […] We propose a Poisson model with time-dependent transmission and removal rates to account for possible random errors in reporting and estimate a time-dependent disease reproduction number, which may reflect the effectiveness of virus control strategies. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32693111 | Risk of COVID-19 transmission in dental office is very low based on available evidence on effectiveness of PPE and prevalence of asymptomatic patients. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32693224 | A restructuring of the Neurosurgery Department at our academic institution was performed focused on decreasing their risk of infection/exposure and transmission to others, while minimizing negative consequences in the training experience. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32693415 | There is an incomplete understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and transmission potential at this time and the resultant anxiety has led to variable breastfeeding recommendations for suspected or confirmed mothers with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Due to the potential concern for transmission of infection from maternal respiratory secretions to the newborn, temporary separation of the maternal-baby dyad, allowing for expressed breast milk to be fed to the infant, was initially recommended but later revised to include breastfeeding by the American Academy of Pediatrics in contrast to international societies, which recommend direct breastfeeding. […] Only two publications have reported SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk but the role of breast milk as a vehicle of transmission of COVID-19 to the newborns still remains unclear and may indeed be providing protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection even in infected neonates. […] Other modes of transmission of infection to neonates from infected mothers or any care providers cannot be overemphasized. […] KEY POINTS: · Breastmilk does not appear to play a significant role in transmission of SARS-CoV-2.. | 2020-07-22 |
| 32693656 | The aim of this study is to review the current evidence on the vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2. […] Combination of the following keywords; COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, placenta, vertical transmission, intrauterine infection, breast milk were searched in databases. […] Possible vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 has been observed in some studies currently. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32693711 | In particular, urine-oral transmission, prevention and management of the kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 are emphasized. […] In addition, studies have confirmed the isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in urine, raising the possibility of urine-oral transmission. […] Ultimately this is significant for preventing potential urine-oral transmission and improving the cure rate of acute kidney injury with COVID-19. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32693991 | Standard laboratory protocols are insufficient to face a virus whose transmission is aerosol mediated. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32694143 | A robust antibody response to ORF8 has been observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the emergence of ORF8 deletions may be due to immune-driven selection and that further deletion variants may emerge during the sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in humans.IMPORTANCE During the SARS epidemic in 2003/2004, a number of deletions were observed in ORF8 of SARS-CoV, and eventually deletion variants became predominant, leading to the hypothesis that ORF8 was an evolutionary hot spot for adaptation of SARS-CoV to humans. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32694200 | Studies of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have reported varying estimates of epidemiological parameters, including serial interval distributions-i.e., the time between illness onset in successive cases in a transmission chain-and reproduction numbers. […] By compiling a line-list database of transmission pairs in mainland China, we show that mean serial intervals of COVID-19 shortened substantially from 7.8 to 2.6 days within a month (9 January to 13 February 2020). […] These findings could improve our ability to assess transmission dynamics, forecast future incidence, and estimate the impact of control measures. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32694268 | Using natural language processing (NLP) and data integration methods, topic modeling on more than 200 ophthalmology-related articles on COVID-19 can summarize ocular manifestations, viral transmission, treatment strategies, and patient care and practice management. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32694271 | However, there is limited evidence regarding its efficacy to reduce viral transmission risks. […] A potential improvement to the design of such shields is the use of hydrophilic materials with antiviral properties which may help to minimize splashing of infectious droplets, reducing transmission risks. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32694481 | Social distancing, when assessed by free and publicly available measures such as those shared by Unacast, has an impact on viral transmission rates. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32695170 | This paper strives to provide a brief overview of the etiology, incubation, symptoms, and transmission paradigms of this novel infection and how to minimize the spread in a dental healthcare setting. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32695687 | Measures have been taken by dermatologists to control the transmission of the virus, whereas providing health care to patients in the constrained environment. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32695689 | A robust disinfection strategy based on preventing fomite borne COVID-19 transmission in the laser operating room is essential. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696001 | Social distancing to prevent viral transmission and supportive care of infected patients are the main interventions now available. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696207 | A two-stage outbreak in areas with epidemics due to imported cases, effective control of the “source of infection” and blocking of the transmission route can significantly minimize the peak height in the first stage and the spread of the epidemic in the second stage. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696241 | According to our review, all the cases were infected by human to human transmission, and the most common symptoms at onset of illness were cough in 17 (80.95%), fatigue in 10 (47.62%), fever in 7 (33.33%), expectoration in 1 (4.76%), and only one patient (4.76%) developed shortness of breath on admission. […] As of February 29, 2020, all the patients who were full-term pregnancy combined with COVID-2019 were cured and delivered successfully, and all the newborns were not infected with SARS-CoV-2, and there were no evidence of mother-to-child transmission. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696473 | Given the likely transmission of COVID-19 via droplets and aerosols during dental clinical procedures, dental practitioners are at a high risk of COVID-19 infections (Ather, Patel, Ruparel, Diogenes, & Hargreaves, 2020). | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696723 | In this paper, we apply optimal control theory to a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission model given by a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696810 | Precarious basic sanitation infrastructure may potentially increase the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Brazil. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32696830 | We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze whether COVID-19 in pregnant women is related to premature birth and birth weight, and to summarize the diagnostic results of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 for investigating the possibility of vertical transmission. […] A few reports suggest vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to newborn is possible, but evidence is still uncertain. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697005 | Many articles have been published regarding to the spread of the virus and the role that saliva plays in its transmission and diagnosis. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697060 | However, it becomes quite challenging to ensure smooth functioning of programmatic services, leading to disruption of routine TB care, leading to transmission of infection. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697418 | Imposing the travel ban was effective in delaying widespread transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697423 | Importantly, there is substantial evidence of other infectious disease outbreaks in PWID that were associated with factors that enable COVID-19 transmission, such as poor hygiene, overcrowded living conditions and communal ways of using drugs. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697597 | Given the fact that pollution will increase as social distancing rules are relaxed, we summarized the current understanding of how air pollution may affect COVID-19 transmission and discussed several possible mechanisms. […] It is also possible that air pollution can facilitate SARS-CoV-2 spread by increasing the transmission, and potentially, SARS-CoV-2 can also survive longer when attached to a pollutant. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697692 | COVID-19 Panic Framework were also conceptualized with the following themes arranged from negative to positive behaviors: Indifference, Annihilation, Nihilism, Paranoia, Sadness, Fear, Transmission of Virus, Shock, Government Blaming, Anxiety, Relating to Past Pandemics, Worry on Self/Family/Others, Information Dissemination, Composure, Compliance, Protection, Cautiousness, Optimism, and Health Consciousness. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697947 | Program priorities were to keep staff and patients safe and implement procedures to judiciously use limited resources that affect infection transmission. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32697970 | Although clinical and in vitro data suggest that D614G changes the virus phenotype, the impact of the mutation on transmission, disease, and vaccine and therapeutic development are largely unknown. | 2020-07-23 |
| 32698418 | It enables inspection of the dynamic state of the epidemic in 187 countries using trajectories that visualize the transmission and removal rates of the epidemic and in this way bridge epi-curve tracking with modelling approaches. […] The basic spread of the disease is associated with transmission between two individuals every two-three days on the average. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32698479 | Considerable efforts are also directed at detecting and preventing different modes of community transmission. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32698646 | No evidence of vertical transmission was found (all NP swab and bronchial secretions SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were negative). | 2020-07-24 |
| 32698942 | Healthcare workers are at the frontline managing COVID-19 patients with transmission of the COVID-19 virus to healthcare workers evident in many Australian states. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32699095 | Identification of key residues which are involved in interspecies transmission is important to predict potential pathogen spillover from wildlife to humans. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32699612 | In the current setting of global containment, peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home haemodialysis are the best modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) to reduce the rate of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. […] PD offers the advantage of minimizing the risk of viral transmission through interpersonal contact that commonly occurs during the haemodialysis session and while travelling from home to the haemodialysis facility using public transport services. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32699676 | The rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 increases the risk of in-hospital transmission, requiring re-definement of musculoskeletal trauma management and postoperative care. […] Our overall objectives were to decrease the admission load and mitigate the risk of in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32700430 | So far food has not been implicated in the transmission of the infection, but social disruptions caused by the pandemic could cause problems with food security. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701162 | Local variation in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across the United States has not been well studied. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701194 | Global mutation distribution analysis showed that the majority of the mutations found in this region are also prevalent in Europe and North America, and the concurrent presence of these mutations at a high frequency in other countries indicates possible transmission routes. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701726 | Until further research provides valid data on viral shedding and virulence in urine, potential risk of transmission through urine cannot be ruled out. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701914 | On 18th February the first Italian case of Coronavirus Induced Disease 2019 (COVID19) due to secondary transmission outside China was identified in Codogno, Lombardia region. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701919 | Surfaces represent matrices to which particular attention should be paid for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] This study is a further confirmation that the surfaces represent a potential vehicle of transmission. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701920 | The purpose of the study is to a) describe the importance of a correct management of SARS-CoV-2 infections; b) report the number of positive healthcare workers after the epidemic phase and to describe their socio-characteristics data, the main methods of transmission and the symptoms; c) to report the seroconversion rate of healthcare workers (HCWs). | 2020-07-24 |
| 32701941 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is ongoing in many communities throughout the United States. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32702051 | As the growth rates λ(t) of tested positive COVID-19 cases have crossed the threshold in many countries, with negative numbers as surrogate for disease transmission deceleration, lockdowns lifting are linked to the behavior of the momentary reproduction numbers r(t), often called R0. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32702463 | The minority of COVID-19 cases were the result of NC transmission. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32702465 | The results suggest that HCW-HCW transmission accounted for part of the cases. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32702548 | The role of temperature, humidity, and absolute humidity in the transmission of COVID-19 has not yet been well established. […] Our results suggest that COVID-19 still may spread in warm, humid regions or during summer/monsoon, therefore an effective public health intervention should be implemented across India to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-07-24 |
| 32702930 | It is not known whether the disease is associated with a higher risk of infection in pregnant women or whether intrauterine vertical transmission can occur. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32702935 | The infectivity of infants with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 should not be ignored because this may be a source of transmission in the community. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703010 | However, the transmission of the virus through ocular fluids remains unknown. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703064 | However, studies on the roles of asymptomatic and mildly infected subjects in disease transmission, use of antiviral drugs, and vaccination of the general population will be very important for mitigating the effects of the eventual return of this pandemic. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703069 | Vaccination is an effective way to prevent viral infection, stop its transmission, and develop herd immunity. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703085 | We successfully prevented COVID-19 transmission and ensured medical safety in our PD patients during the crisis. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703281 | We found that three infection control measures, namely the isolation of the presumed positive patients, the use of facemasks and intensified hand hygiene play important roles in preventing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703286 | The patient was infected with HIV 8 years ago through sexual transmission and had the normal CD4+T cell count. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703328 | On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703648 | Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a pathogen that has shown an ability for sustained community transmission. […] Due to the risk of nosocomial spread of disease, the judicious use and implementation of strict infection protocols is paramount to limit healthcare worker and patient transmission. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32703910 | Using a mobility-driven transmission model, we show that NPIs reduced the reproduction number from >3 to 1 to 1.6 in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. […] This study sheds new light on the epidemic transmission and evolutionary trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Brazil and provides evidence that current interventions remain insufficient to keep virus transmission under control in this country. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32704517 | Remote specimen collection options may ease supply chain challenges and decrease the likelihood of nosocomial transmission. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32705079 | At the present time, clinical and forensic autopsies have given guidance and explanations in relation to the problem of COVID-19 transmission and defense. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32705370 | Optimal support for PLWH and SUD is critical during pandemics like COVID-19, as drug-related and HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-adherence risks such as overdose, unsafe sexual behaviors, and transmission of infectious diseases may unfold. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32705975 | Based on population age structure alone, Uganda is predicted to have a relatively low COVID-19 burden compared with an equivalent transmission in comparison countries, with 12% of the mortality and 19% of the lost DALYs predicted for an equivalent transmission in Italy. […] By contrast, scenarios of the impact of the public health response on malaria and HIV/AIDS predict additional disease burdens outweighing that predicted from extensive SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32705983 | We assessed the components of transmission and the different study designs and considerations necessary for valid assessment of transmission dynamics. […] We searched for published evidence about transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children employing a narrative review methodology through 25 June, 2020. […] Transmission dynamics must be studied in repre - sentative pediatric populations with a combination of study designs including rigorous epidemiological studies (e.g. in households, schools, daycares, clinical settings) and laboratory studies while taking into account the social and socio-economic contexts. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32706088 | COVID-19 can spread through the droplet, direct contact, and aerosol transmission in humans. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32706092 | The virus is believed to have emerged at the Wuhan Huanan Seafood Market, where transmission of a zoonotic pathogen to humans occurred. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32706393 | Last, the virus was detected in feces, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 transmission by the fecal route. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32706739 | It would be informative to study the benefits of telerehabilitation and the care provided to patients recovering from stroke within nursing homes, given the need for social distancing to reduce disease transmission during the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global health pandemic. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32707253 | To prevent virus transmission, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends frequent hand washing with soap and water. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32707288 | The extraordinary interhuman transmission of this disease has urged scientists to examine the various facets of its pathogenic agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-07-25 |
| 32707307 | For SARS-CoV-2 and other disease-causing agents we envision an aggregate wastewater-monitoring system at the level of a wastewater treatment plant and exploratory or confirmatory monitoring of the sewerage system at the neighborhood scale to identify or confirm clusters of infection or assess impact of control measures where transmission has been established. | 2020-07-25 |
| 32708986 | This overview explores the potential factors that contribute to spread, transmission and outcomes of the COVID-19 infection. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32709232 | Disease transmission was simulated within and between different age groups by considering inter- and intra-group contact patterns. […] Our results indicate that SC may have limited impact on reducing the burden of COVID-19 without measures to interrupt the chain of transmission during both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32709413 | Social distancing measures were needed to reduce transmission, and lockdown included restricted access to health care facilities. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32709462 | Vertical transmission risks are unknown but 3.1% of 311 babies born to mothers with Covid-19 were positive within a week of birth. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32709482 | Our experience may suggest that heart transplantation programs can be maintained even during the pandemic phase if specific and tailored paths to prevent and to limit virus transmission are provided. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32710248 | To preserve PPE for healthcare providers treating COVID-19 positive patients and to reduce asymptomatic transmission, the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus collaborated with National Jewish Health to design and test patterns for cloth face coverings. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32710599 | The suspicion that drugs used in chronic disease treatments such as Behçet’s disease during pandemic will increase the risk of transmission of COVID-19 disease, and that the disease may progress more lethally in these patients after the infection caused clinicians to worry. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32710732 | However, certain precautionary measures may potentially reduce the transmission, including washing hands, using sanitizers frequently, avoiding public gatherings, and quarantining or isolating patients. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32710743 | To limit intra-hospital transmission, a systematic screening of children admitted to hospital should be considered. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32711053 | The purpose of this study was to ascertain COVID-19 transmission dynamics among Latino communities nationally. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32711332 | However, there is no comprehensive review of the knowledge on coronavirus occurrence, fate and potential transmission in wastewater. […] The mortalities and morbidities associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic warrants a much more focused research on the role of environments, such as wastewater and surface water, in disease transmission. | 2020-07-26 |
| 32711567 | Such policies are risky as was shown in the early response to the HIV pandemic where efforts to prevent mother to child transmission by replacing breastfeeding with infant formula feeding ultimately resulted in more infant deaths. […] In the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of maternal SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be weighed against the protection skin-to-skin contact, maternal proximity, and breastfeeding affords infants. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32711687 | The risk of vertical and perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19), the most appropriate management, and the neonate’s risk of developing COVID-19 during the perinatal period are unknown. […] Therefore, we aimed to elucidate best practices regarding infection control in mother-newborn dyads, and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. […] Our data suggest that perinatal transmission of COVID-19 is unlikely to occur if correct hygiene precautions are undertaken, and that allowing neonates to room in with their mothers and direct breastfeeding are safe procedures when paired with effective parental education of infant protective strategies. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32711692 | Depending on the phase of the pandemic, patients with COVID-19 might not be the main source of SARS-CoV-2 infection and health-care workers could be exposed to atypical patients, infected family members, contacts, and colleagues, or live in communities of active transmission. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32711871 | However, vertical transmission cannot be ruled out, larger studies are required that ideally locate in situ RNA and protein of SARS-CoV-2, as well as isolation that demonstrate the infective capacity of the viral particles. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32711965 | Regarding Portugal, a suppression strategy with social distancing was adopted, attempting to break the transmission chains, bending the epidemy curve and reducing mortality. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32712405 | There are concerning reports of especially high transmission rates of COVID-19 in transmucosal head and neck procedures conducted by otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons, despite attempts at wearing what constitutes appropriate personal protective equipment. […] Here, we describe a simple technique of additional draping that can be used for all cranial, endonasal, spinal, and neurointerventional cases to limit the transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32712704 | General anesthesia requiring airway intervention may exacerbate COVID-19 pneumonia, and aerosol generation during airway intervention risks COVID-19 transmission to medical staff. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32712743 | Rheumatology service had to be reorganised with a cancellation of elective clinics and clinical reconfiguration to continue to deliver care to patients, support frontline, and prevent viral transmission. […] The rheumatology community’s responsibility of providing a continuity of care for patients had to be balanced with measures to reduce the risk of viral transmission and also protection of both the patients and staff. | 2020-07-27 |
| 32713215 | Proper mask fitting is essential in prevention of infectious agent transmission at hospital setting.Methods and Results: We describe three cases of health care professionals (HCP) in a COVID-19 designated ward with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, and were found to have improperly fitted masks.Conclusion: These cases of improperly fitting masks in HCP may have contributed to their eventual COVID-19 infection. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32713674 | To understand factors that may contribute to viral spread and address long-term health sequelae for survivors, it is important to review evidence regarding viral presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and possible effects on fertility. […] Both the Ebola virus and Zika virus are present in semen, but only the Zika virus shows consistent evidence of sexual transmission. […] We have reported the presence in semen, sexual transmission potential, and fertility side effects of recent viral pandemics. […] Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications for Men. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32714679 | The issue of the novel coronavirus transmission by partaking Holy Communion has received much criticism. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32714688 | We reviewed the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing liver diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32714874 | As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute the therapeutic backbone for the vast majority of patients with advanced lung cancer in the absence of actionable driver oncogenes, there have been intense discussions within the oncology community regarding risk-benefit of delaying these treatments or use of alternative extended-interval treatment strategies to minimize the risk of viral transmission secondary to unintended nosocomial exposures. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32715310 | SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is a practical, cost-effective, and powerful approach for population-based surveillance and control of viral transmission in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32715812 | We conducted a comprehensive literature search for newborns diagnosed with COVID-19 using PubMed, LILACS and Google scholar until May 15, 2020, looking for published articles with pregnancy, vertical transmission, intrauterine transmission, neonates, delivery. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32716009 | Furthermore, vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus has been poorly described. […] All 3 patients were successfully extubated, and all 3 infants tested negative for COVID-19, suggesting no vertical transmission; although, further studies are needed to confirm this finding. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32716230 | This is not an easy issue to address and many factors come into play such as droplet size, aerosol transmission and the viral load, as well as the specific properties of any given mask. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32716496 | Specific care activities, in particular aerosol-generating procedures, may have a higher risk of transmission. […] There remain significant gaps in the understanding of the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and PPE recommendations may need to be modified in response to new evidence. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32716579 | It is important that transmission risks are not increased when new information is incorporated into clinical recommendations. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32716648 | Notably, evidence indicated human-to-human transmission, along with several exported patients of virus infection worldwide. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32716669 | 21:217-222, 2020.-The rapid transmission, increased morbidity, and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exhausted many health care systems and the global economy. […] In addition, recent epidemiological data have been used to propose that altitude of residence may not only influence those environmental features considered key to lesser viral transmission, but also susceptibility to more severe forms of COVID-19 through hypoxic-hypobaria driven genomic or nongenomic adaptations specific to high-altitude populations. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32717052 | Our findings support the fears of mass spread of SARS-CoV-2 in rural Latin America and cannot exclude a contributing role for fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32717345 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into a major pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has created unprecedented global health emergencies, and emerged as a serious threat due to its strong ability for human-to-human transmission. | 2020-07-28 |
| 32718292 | Awareness of such an association could create new insight to consider neurological manifestations as a COVID-19 differential diagnosis during the pandemic period of COVID-19, to avoid delayed diagnosis and prevent further transmission. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32718772 | In addition, social distancing and the risk of COVID-19 transmission has created significant barriers for thoracic surgeons to diagnose and treat patients. […] The management of early stage NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic should be balanced with available hospital resources, risk of progression of disease, risk of transmission of COVID-19 to patient and surgeon, and the availability of alternative therapies. […] This article will address the current challenges with treating early stage NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a clinical framework for providing effective surgical therapy while mitigating the risk of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to patients and surgeons. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32718835 | The present review was aimed at assessing the potential relationship between the concentrations of air pollutants on the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 in patients infected by this coronavirus. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32718892 | Even though sporadic locally-acquired disease has been identified, through contact investigation, isolation, quarantine and implementation of social distancing measures, the epidemic is contained to a manageable level with minimal local transmission. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32718896 | The accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 through respiratory sampling is critical for the prevention of further transmission and the timely initiation of treatment for COVID-19. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719204 | Timely diagnosis is essential for the containment of the disease and breaks in the chain of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719452 | SARS, MERS, Ebola, Nipah and an array of arenavirus infections sporadically spillover into human populations and are often contained only as a result of their poor transmission in human hosts, coupled with intense public health control efforts in the early stages of an emerging epidemic. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719750 | Background: A recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), which began in Wuhan, China, with a high level of human-to-human transmission has been reported. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719764 | We account for transmission during a pre-symptomatic incubation period and use a time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt) to reflect the temporal trend of transmission and change in response to a public health intervention. […] We estimate the intervention effect on reducing the transmission rate using a natural experiment design and quantify uncertainty by permutation. […] A fast rate of decline in Rt was observed, and adopting mitigation strategies early in the epidemic was effective in reducing the transmission rate in these two countries. […] The nationwide lockdown in Italy did not accelerate the speed at which the transmission rate decreases. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719805 | The current research analyzed the COVID-19 infection control practices in a regional mental health center in China and addressed how this type of medical institutions could enhance their ability to prevent and control hospital transmission of major respiratory diseases and general management of nosocomial infection risks. […] Up to the submission of this paper, the mental health center had obtained no suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19 infection due to hospital transmission. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719808 | We report the clinical features of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a family setting of 13 people with person-to-person transmission in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719819 | The current study aimed to discover such key proteins or receptors and analyze the susceptibility of different animals to the novel coronavirus, in order to reveal the transmission process of the virus in cross-species infection. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32719874 | There are limited data on mild or asymptomatic infections, but recognition of these individuals is key as they contribute to viral transmission. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32720513 | As a global industry, a critical need is to re-imagine production and marketing chains, especially in low and middle-income countries, where the structure of much of the industry facilitates virus transmission, especially, but not only, in improperly managed live poultry markets and related value chains. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32720978 | This finding, together with an intestinal expression of angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 protein, suggests a possible fecal-oral transmission for SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-29 |
| 32721678 | It is important that efficient measures to reduce the airborne transmission of respiratory infectious diseases (including COVID-19) should be formulated as soon as possible to ensure a safe easing of lockdown. […] Ventilation has been widely recognized as an efficient engineering control measure for airborne transmission. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722014 | The economic and health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the public health measures currently taken to stop the spread of the virus may have an impact on household TB transmission, treatment and diagnostic services, and TB prevention and control programs. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722154 | As the rate of transmission increases, various collaborative approaches among stakeholders to develop innovative means of screening, detecting and diagnosing COVID-19’s cases among human beings at a commensurate rate have evolved. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722174 | We believe that sharing the experience of South Korea during the COVID-19 outbreak can help other countries to implement strategies to prevent its rapid transmission. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722449 | Despite reports of neonatal COVID-19, definitive proof of vertical transmission is still lacking. […] In this review, we summarize studies regarding the potential evidence for transplacental transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), characterize the expression of its receptors and proteases, describe the placental pathology and analyze virus-host interactions at the maternal-fetal interface. […] Based on these data, we conclude that vertical transmission may occur but rare, ascribed to the potent physical barrier, the fine-regulated placental immune defense and modulation strategies. […] Particularly, immunomodulatory mechanisms employed by the placenta may mitigate violent immune response, maybe soften cytokine storm tightly associated with severely ill COVID-19 patients, possibly minimizing cell and tissue damages, and potentially reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722715 | The objectives of this study were to (1) simulate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using publicly available surveillance data and (2) infer estimates of SARS-CoV-2 mortality adjusted for biases and examine the CFR, the symptomatic case-fatality ratio (sCFR), and the infection-fatality ratio (IFR) in different geographic locations. […] We developed an age-stratified susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartmental model describing the dynamics of transmission and mortality during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. […] We fitted the transmission model to surveillance data from Hubei Province, China, and applied the same model to six regions in Europe: Austria, Bavaria (Germany), Baden-Württemberg (Germany), Lombardy (Italy), Spain, and Switzerland. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722722 | These findings suggest that intrauterine or intrapartum transmission is possible and warrants clinical caution and further investigation. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32722757 | Hospital admissions of IBD patients should be limited to reduce the risks of coronavirus transmission. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32723092 | In this case, there is no evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing, despite extreme prematurity. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32723442 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created tremendous panic around the globe amid rapid transmission and high mortality. […] This systematic review discusses epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, clinical manifestations, severity, treatment, prevention, vaccination, medication repositioning, potential drug candidates, and control and public awareness of COVID-19. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32723622 | The main route of transmission is considered to be the inhalation of large respiratory drops, by deposition in the mucosa and hands or contaminated fomites. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32723797 | However, as the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus displays high transmission rates, the underlying genomic severity is required to be fully understood. […] We show that there is no direct transmission pattern of the virus among neighboring countries, suggesting that its spread is a result of travel of infected humans to different countries. […] In this study, we analyzed the transmission pattern of 95 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from 11 different countries. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32723824 | Although further spreading might have been prevented by quarantine, some progeny clusters could be linked to transmission through mass-gathering events in the recreational areas and direct transmission among passengers who shared cabins during the quarantine. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32724218 | We present a next-generation monitoring and forecasting system for [Formula: see text]-borne diseases’ environmental suitability (AeDES) of transmission in the conterminous United States and transboundary regions, using calibrated ento-epidemiological models, climate models and temperature observations. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32724658 | In Zimbabwe, local transmission is also anticipated due to inter- and intracity travelling. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32724668 | The comprehensive protection protocol, which was established throughout the entire process, included both horizontal (medical staff-patient, medical staff-medical staff, and patient-patient) and vertical (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative transmission assessment) approach and was mainly focused on strengthening the protection against potential aerosol transmission that may occur during intraocular pressure measurements and laser ablation. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32725053 | to describe a COVID-19 cluster and the strategies used to contain the virus, in a municipality in the interior region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. this is a descriptive study of documental records of an epidemiological investigation conducted in April 2020. introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the municipality was identified through a cluster comprised of five people, 4 were symptomatic and 1 was asymptomatic, after the virus was imported by index cases C01 and C02; in addition to household transmission (C03, C04), a physiotherapist (C05) was infected through contact with C02; with the exception of C04, all had an influenza-like symptoms and C02 required hospitalization; as for laboratory tests, all were seroreactive and C01 was RT-PCR positive. dissemination of COVID-19 was contained by effective home isolation, an important instrument that should be adopted early by unaffected municipalities to contain virus dissemination, as well as by serological testing that detected infection in asymptomatic patients. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32725080 | The scientific effort to understand and control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and clinical impact has been huge, and important achievements are highlighted in this review. […] However, the fast spread of a virus adapted for human-to-human respiratory transmission raised a demand for millions of molecular tests that are simply not available. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32725247 | Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the association of mandatory mask-wearing policies with behaviors associated with the transmission of COVID-19. […] Mask wearing was associated with reduced face-touching behavior, especially touching of the eyes, nose, and mouth, which may prevent contact transmission of COVID-19 among the general population in public areas. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32725765 | Our findings suggest that the predisposing factors of the outbreak included close contact with an infected person, airtight and crowded spaces, temperature and humidity in the space and untimely isolation of patients and quarantine of contacts at the early stage of transmission. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32725955 | Early detection of children with mild symptoms or an asymptomatic state and early diagnosis of MIS-C are mandatory for the management of COVID-19 and the prevention of transmission and a severe inflammatory state. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726140 | The precise origin and subsequent path of transmission have not yet been established-but like the other novel coronaviruses that it closely resembles, it appears to have evolved naturally in a bat host. […] The purpose of this review article is therefore to provide a rapid, comprehensive, and relevant overview and primer on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, with attention to the epidemiology, virology, transmission, clinical features, and major therapeutic options currently existent. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726185 | Epidemiological estimates of the reproductive number (R) using different data sources and theoretical assumptions suggest the potential for sustained virus transmission despite a reduction in R from the first reported case to the end of April 2020. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726217 | The virus has the characteristics of strong transmission capacity, diverse clinical manifestations, long incubation period, and latent infection, thus posing a serious threat to human life safety and health. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726234 | To address uncertainty about ongoing levels of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission early in the pandemic, we aimed to develop a surveillance tool using readily available emergency department (ED) operations data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). […] This involved optimizing the identification of acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related encounters and then comparing metrics for these encounters before and after the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. […] Data were collected three weeks before and after the first confirmed case of local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. […] Operational metrics for ARI cases, including volume, pathogen identification, and illness severity, were compared between the preand post-community transmission timeframes using chi-square tests of independence. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726244 | Unprecedented hardship due to ongoing fears of exposure and threats to personal safety, along with societal measures enacted to curb disease transmission, have had broad psychosocial impact on patients and healthcare workers alike. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726405 | Train is a common mode of public transport across the globe; however, the risk of COVID-19 transmission among individual train passengers remains unclear. […] We quantified the transmission risk of COVID-19 on high-speed train passengers using data from 2,334 index patients and 72,093 close contacts who had co-travel times of 0-8 hours from 19 December 2019 through 6 March 2020 in China. […] We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of COVID-19 transmission among train passengers to elucidate the associations between infection, spatial distance, and co-travel time. […] COVID-19 has a high transmission risk among train passengers, but this risk shows significant differences with co-travel time and seat location. […] During disease outbreaks, when travelling on public transportation in confined spaces such as trains, measures should be taken to reduce the risk of transmission, including increasing seat distance, reducing passenger density, and use of personal hygiene protection. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726430 | Recent studies suggested the significance of throat and salivary glands as major sites of virus replication and transmission during early coronavirus disease 2019, thus advocating application of oral antiseptics. […] Several formulations with significant SARS-CoV-2 inactivating properties in vitro support the idea that oral rinsing might reduce the viral load of saliva and could thus lower the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32726452 | Objective COVID-19 is a novel virus with continuously evolving transmission trends. […] Though scientific knowledge regarding household transmission of the COVID-19 through contact of positive case is sparse. […] Review suggested greater vulnerability of spouse and elderly population for secondary transmission than other household members. […] It was also observed that quarantining and isolation are most effective strategies for prevention of the secondary transmission of the disease. […] Symptomatic status of the index case emerged to be a critical factor, with very low transmission probability during asymptomatic phase. | 2020-07-30 |
| 32727050 | Yet, there is no specific vaccine or treatment for this COVID-19 where anti-disease measures rely on preventing or slowing the transmission of infection from one person to another. […] In particularly, there is a growing effort to prevent or reduce transmission to frontline healthcare professionals. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727142 | Airborne transmission of viruses, such as the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in hospital systems are under debate: it has been shown that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus goes beyond droplet dynamics that is limited to 1 to 2 m, but it is unclear if the airborne viral load is significant enough to ensure transmission of the disease. […] To quantify airborne transmission from a physical point of view, we consider surgical smoke produced by thermal destruction of tissue during the use of electrosurgical instruments as a marker of airborne particle diffusion-transportation. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727547 | We use a stochastic age-structured transmission model integrating data on age profile and social contacts in Île-de-France to (i) assess the epidemic in the region, (ii) evaluate the impact of lockdown, and (iii) propose possible exit strategies and estimate their effectiveness. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727583 | Also reduced health interventions may limit the risk of possible transmission of COVID19 to other patients and health care workers during this pandemic. […] The majority of head and neck surgical oncology from initial diagnosis and work up to surgical treatment and then follow-up involves aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs) which inherently put head and neck surgeons and practitioners at high risk for transmission of COVID19. […] Enhanced triaging including aggressive pre-treatment COVID19 testing should be used to identify patients with high risk of COVID19 transmission. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727740 | COVID-19 carriers may have been misclassified as influenza diagnoses in primary care, boosting community transmission before public health measures were taken. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727843 | Our findings also provide insight into temporal nature of these research priorities, highlighting the urgency of research that can only be undertaken within the period of virus transmission, as well as other important research questions but which can be answered outside the transmission period. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727861 | Africa is already strained in terms of testing resources for COVID-19; hence, cheaper alternative ways need to be implemented to conserve resources, maximize mass testing, and reduce transmission in the wider population. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727898 | Following the April 16, 2020 release of the Opening Up America Again guidelines for relaxing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing policies, local leaders are concerned about future pandemic waves and lack robust strategies for tracking and suppressing transmission. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32727905 | In the absence of a vaccine, social distancing measures are one of the primary tools to reduce the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-07-31 |
| 32728006 | There is no evidence to support vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the unborn child. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32728118 | As the pandemic progressed, a continued paucity of evidence on routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission has resulted in shifting infection prevention and control guidelines between classically-defined airborne and droplet precautions. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32728498 | To achieve this we propose a novel SIR-type metapopulation transmission model and a set of analytically derived model parameters. […] We have built a modified SIR metapopulation transmission model and parameterized it analytically either by setting the values of the parameters based on the literature, or by assuming their plausible values. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729028 | It helps in identifying suspected patients, cutting off the route of transmission and avoiding further spread of infection. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729192 | Age-specific differences in the clinical presentation of MERS-CoV cases could have implications for transmission for other betacoronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] More studies are required on the role of children in transmission of betacoronaviruses. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729311 | The complete picture of transmission modes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unknown. […] This review summarises the available evidence of its transmission modes, our preliminary research findings and implications on infection control policy, and outlines future research directions. […] Transmission via environmental surfaces or fomites is likely, but decontamination protocols are effective in minimising this risk. […] The extent of airborne transmission is also unclear. […] Transmission likely lies on a spectrum between droplet to airborne transmission depending on patient, disease and environmental factors. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729367 | Due to the wide spread transmission of the virus, the number of infected cases worldwide has surpassed 16,421,958 and global death toll has spiked up to 6,52,308 from December 2019 to 27 July 2020. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729370 | The person-to-person transmission by direct transmittance through cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, and contact spreading from dry surfaces contaminated with secretions of nose, mouth, and eyes of an infected person has been proven about SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729433 | Ocular tissues can serve as a reservoir for the SARS-CoV-2 virus which can not only cause conjunctivitis but also serve as a resource of infection transmission to others. […] The recently reported case of COVID-19 after the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 from a COVID-19 patient should alert the healthcare professionals dealing with COIVD-19 patients as wear-ing masks alone cannot guarantee protection against infection transmission. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32729441 | To prevent nosocomial transmission of the disease, we subsequently isolated patients with suspected symptoms, relevant radiographic findings, or epidemiology. […] All 23 patients with COVID-19 in the post-shutdown period were isolated in the ER without any problematic accidental exposure or nosocomial transmission. […] Problematic accidental exposure and nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 can be successfully prevented through active isolation and surveillance policies and comprehensive PPE use despite longer ER stays and the presence of more severely ill patients during a severe COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730095 | In this detailed review, we have discussed the structure of SARS-CoV-2, essential proteins, its lifecycle, transmission, symptoms, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and epidemiology of the disease. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730140 | Italy, at present, is playing a major role in understanding the transmission dynamics of these new infections and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures in a western social context. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730160 | PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications, using the terms COVID-19 aerosolisation, COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 and endoscopy, Endoscopy for COVID-19 patients. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730221 | “Transmission and precautionary measures” were the most commonly covered content by government agencies, news agencies, and independent users. […] In contrast, the most mentioned content by news agencies was “prevalence,” followed by “transmission and precautionary measures.” | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730356 | Lacking medical prophylactic measures to combat disease spread, many nations have adopted social distancing policies in order to mitigate transmission of CoV-2. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730368 | Timely diagnosis of COVID-19 is the key in containing the pandemic and breaking the chain of transmission. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730735 | To determine whether policies to limit transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hinder spread of other infectious diseases, we analyzed the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32730771 | However, the literature on transmission routes and risk factors for COVID-19 in HCWs is limited. […] To examine the characteristics and transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in HCWs in a university teaching hospital in London, UK. […] Sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among our hospital staff did not occur, beyond the community outbreak, even in the absence of strict infection control measures in non-clinical areas. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32731275 | Until yet, no clear evidence is given regarding fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV2. | 2020-07-31 |
| 32731327 | This paper examines the introduction, transmission, and incidence of COVID-19 into Pacific SIDS. […] Calculate the rate of transmission (the average number of new cases per day between the first recorded case and the most recent day) and connectivity (daily direct flights to the leading airport in each selected island group) using flight history and COVID-19 transmission data. […] Efforts to prevent transmission by closing borders reduced transmission but also created significant economic hardship because many Pacific SIDS rely heavily on tourism and international exchange. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32732168 | Continued measures are warranted to assure HCWs safety and reduce transmission from healthcare settings to the community during COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32732292 | Our efforts were based on (1) strategies to mitigate exposure and transmission, (2) protection of the health and safety of staff, (3) alleviation of logistical delays and strains in the system, and (4) facilitating coordinated communication. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32732391 | Strategies to minimize the risk of transmission and acquisition of COVID-19 infection in patients with ESKD receiving in-center hemodialysis have been rapidly implemented across the globe. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32733488 | Here, we propose trehalose as a potential preventative treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32733490 | The potential risk of vertical transmission is unclear, babies born from COVID-19-positive mothers seems to have no serious clinical symptoms, the possible mechanisms are discussed, which highlights that checking the children’s outcome and more research is warranted. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32733566 | The application of a scrupulous triage protocol, the use of remote consultations to limit patients’ access to the clinic, and the correct use of PPE prevented transmission of the virus between patients and staff members. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32733724 | The core problem is laying out evidence on coronavirus’s implications on pregnancy and delivery, as well as vertical transmission and neonatal mortality. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32733734 | Due to the varying presentation of COVID-19, this case illustrates the low threshold needed to test mothers for SARS-CoV-2 in order to prevent horizontal transmission to neonates and to healthcare providers. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32733978 | We know little about their transmission, behaviors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32734641 | Of importance, it is not just the provision of PPE but the skills in donning and doffing of PPE that are important, this being a key time for potential transmission of pathogen to the HCW and in due time from them to others. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32734645 | Strategies to minimise the risk of viral transmission to health care workers and uninfected cardiac patients while prioritising high quality cardiac care are urgently needed. […] Special precautions are needed to avoid viral transmission to this population at risk. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32734759 | Public health interventions have reduced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in several countries, but their impacts on COVID-19 epidemics in the USA are unclear. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32734880 | The health authorities have recommended that face-to-face consultations be substituted by telephone consultations to reduce the risk of virus transmission in out-patient clinics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32735163 | No data is available about in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Here, we report an in-flight transmission cluster of COVID-19 and describe the clinical characteristics of these patients. […] There is potential for COVID-19 transmission in aeroplanes, but the symptoms were mild in our patients. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32735547 | There is currently increasing interest internationally in deploying robotic applications for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing, as these can help to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus to health care staff and patients. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32735581 | This paper proposes a dynamic model to describe and forecast the dynamics of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 transmission. […] On the other hand, it requires previous data from the disease transmission in the country, being better suited for regions where the epidemic is not at a very early stage. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32735690 | The present device is a low-cost complementary resource for use in conjunction with standard PPE, to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the dental setting. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32735849 | Antibody-based interventions against SARS-CoV-2 could limit morbidity, mortality, and possibly transmission. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32735893 | Care homes have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to suffer large outbreaks even when community infection rates are declining, thus representing important pockets of transmission. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736203 | We find that the public has mainly followed and reconstructed medical discourses about the risk of companion animal-to-human transmission and discussed sustainable ethical animal practices in urban public health emergency management during the COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736311 | Schools have closed worldwide as part of measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission but are beginning to reopen in some countries. […] Various measures are being pursued to minimise transmission but existing guidance has not developed a comprehensive framework or theory of change. […] We theorise that such measures offer a means of disrupting SARS-CoV-2 transmission via routes involving fomites, faeco-oral routes, droplets and aerosols. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736312 | We developed a spatially-explicit mathematical model to simulate transmission dynamics of COVID-19 disease infection in relation with the uneven distribution of the healthcare capacity in Ohio, U.S. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736407 | This study aimed to investigate the outcomes in COVID-19 positive neonates and incidence of vertical transmission of the virus by reviewing available literature. […] Approximately 3% neonates acquired infection through suspected vertical transmission. […] Strict infection prevention measures during the perinatal time can significantly reduce the chance of horizontal transmission of the virus. […] There appears to be minimal vertical transmission of the infection. […] · Possibility of viral vertical transmission is very low.. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736418 | Since June 12,comprehensive prevention and control measures have been implemented in Beijing, as of July 1,compared with uncontrolled situation, the number of infections had been reduced by 99%, similar to the fitting result of a 95% reduction of the transmission rate. […] Conclusions: For the emergent outbreak of COVID-19, the dynamics model can be used to infer the start time of the transmission and help tracing the source of epidemic. […] The comprehensive prevention and control measures taken in Beijing have quickly blocked over 95% of the transmission routes and reduced 99% of the infections, containing the sudden epidemic timely and effectively,which have value in guiding the prevention and control of the epidemic in the future. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736419 | COVID-19clinical cases are considered as the principal source of infection, however, asymptomatic cases may also play a role in the transmission. | 2020-08-01 |
| 32736887 | The main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are physical contact with infected persons and exposure to respiratory droplets. […] In addition, the possibility of infection by aerosol transmission is also concerning. | 2020-08-02 |
| 32737472 | These findings provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures to control virus transmission. | 2020-08-02 |
| 32738143 | Serial intervals were calculated from 33 infector-infectee pairs and used to estimate the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission events and time-varying reproduction numbers. […] Limited transmission amounted to a maximum reproduction number of 1·15 (95% confidence interval, 0·37-2·36). […] No community transmission has been detected since April 15th. […] The value of these interventions is supported by the high proportion of asymptomatic and imported cases, and evidence for substantial pre-symptomatic transmission. | 2020-08-02 |
| 32738203 | We analysed reported travel to affected countries among the first case reported from each country outside mainland China, demographic and exposure characteristics among cases with age or sex information, and cluster frequencies and sizes by transmission settings. […] Overall, 21 (2%) of 1200 cases were in health-care workers and none were in pregnant women. 101 clusters were identified, of which the most commonly identified transmission setting was households (76 [75%]; mean 2·6 cases per cluster [range 2-7]), followed by non-health-care occupational settings (14 [14%]; mean 4·3 cases per cluster [2-14]), and community gatherings (11 [11%]; mean 14·2 cases per cluster [4-36]). […] Although there were many clusters of household transmission among early cases, clusters in occupational or community settings tended to be larger, supporting a possible role for physical distancing to slow the progression of SARS-CoV-2 spread. | 2020-08-02 |
| 32738248 | We found out that disease elimination is difficult when more asymptomatic individuals contribute in transmission or are not identified and isolated in a timely manner. […] However, maintaining a baseline level of asymptomatic isolation and a low transmission rate will lead to a significant reduction in the number of daily cases when the pandemic peaks. […] For example, at the baseline level of asymptomatic isolation, at least a 46% reduction in the transmission rate is required for disease elimination. […] Combining two or more measures is better for disease control, e.g., if asymptomatic cases are contact traced or identified and isolated in less than 8 days, only about 29% reduction in the disease transmission rate is required for disease elimination. | 2020-08-02 |
| 32738497 | With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases in the United States, more data is being reported on transmission, symptomatology, clinical course, and treatment of the virus. […] This report summarizes the current data on considerations in pregnancy and postpartum period for mother and neonate to elucidate potential transmission risks for pediatric ophthalmologists. | 2020-08-02 |
| 32738884 | Currently, healthcare providers and patients who are self-isolating, telehealth is certainly appropriate in minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32739397 | Early testing, isolation, and contact tracking of these patients can prevent further transmission of the virus. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32739398 | This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the current literature to determine estimates of vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 based on early RNA detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after birth from various neonatal or fetal sources and neonatal serology. […] Quantitative synthesis was performed on cohort or case series studies according to the neonatal biological specimen site to reach pooled proportions of vertical transmission. […] Our quantitative synthesis revealed that of 936 neonates from mothers with coronavirus disease 2019, 27 neonates had a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral RNA test using nasopharyngeal swab, indicating a pooled proportion of 3.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.2-4.3) for vertical transmission. […] Vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is possible and seems to occur in a minority of cases of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 infection in the third trimester. […] However, given the paucity of early trimester data, no assessment can yet be made regarding the rates of vertical transmission in early pregnancy and potential risk for consequent fetal morbidity and mortality. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32740063 | Yet, more rigorous approaches to understand ophthalmic disease and transmission risk associated with COVID-19 are needed. […] Thoroughly understanding the ophthalmic findings and transmission risk associated with COVID-19 is paramount during this pandemic, providing additional measures of safety while resuming ophthalmic care for all patients. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32740064 | Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly infectious; however, the different routes of transmission are not well understood. […] Transmission through tissue transplantation is possible and must be considered. […] This review will evaluate the current literature regarding routes of transmission, the likelihood of transmission through ocular tissue transplantation, and the guidelines in place to mitigate this risk. […] Although respiratory droplets have been the primary route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, there is evidence that transmission through blood donation and organ or tissue transplantation is possible. […] Based on the current literature and guidelines, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through corneal transplantation is likely low. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32740067 | To reduce disease transmission, national regulatory agencies temporarily recommended curtailment of all nonurgent office visits and elective surgeries in March 2020, including vitreoretinal outpatient care in the USA. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32740374 | These measures may decrease people’s sexual contacts and thus reduce the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). […] If sexual health screenings are undertaken before resuming sexual activity, this could present a novel opportunity to interrupt chains of HIV and STI transmission. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32740456 | Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has a growing impact on global health; vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is still controversial. […] In this article, we describe a case of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a newborn with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32740984 | To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID-19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32741085 | We recommend that people who develop OD during the pandemic should be self-isolate and this guidance should be adopted internationally to prevent transmission. | 2020-08-03 |
| 32741731 | To eradicate these risks, it is necessary to determine the COVID-19 zoonotic source of transmission to humans and clinical manifestations in infected individuals. […] In this paper, we discuss the transmission, health consequences, and potential management (therapeutic and preventive) options for COVID-19 disease. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32741930 | Further studies are needed to confirm the potential for fecal-oral transmission or fecal-respiratory transmission via aerosols. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32741970 | Only two of the few cases of possible vertical transmission have demonstrated placental infection. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32742035 | The evolutionary analysis indicated structured transmission, with the possibility of multiple introductions into the population. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32742098 | The mode of transmission of COVID-19 is usually from person to person and it could also be through direct transmission such as cough, sneeze, and inhalation of droplets. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32742617 | The prevalence of CoV, the easy zoonotic transmission and the potential to cause serious respiratory diseases, lead to urgent research to discover the mechanisms of CoV infection. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32742705 | The combination of regular testing with strict household quarantine, which was not analysed in their models, has remarkable power to reduce transmission to the community from other household members as well as providing earlier diagnosis and facilitating rapid contact tracing. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32743014 | No evidence indicated that pregnant women may have fetal infection through vertical transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32743124 | The slope β of the Crow-AMSAA line indicates the speed of the transmission or death rate. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32743705 | Although circumstances such as compliance in social distancing policy, transmission patterns, attitude following contact may have influenced the results, immunosuppressive treatment does not seem to pose an additional risk in terms of COVID-19. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32743723 | There are few reports of COVID-19 in neonates and most are suspected to be due to postnatal transmission. […] Vertical transmission has been proven in only a couple of cases so far. […] We describe early-onset, severe COVID-19 disease in a neonate with very strong evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] This report highlights a very strong possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from a mildly symptomatic, RT-PCR negative but antibody-positive mother with significant symptomatic, early-onset neonatal infection. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32744708 | Vertical transmission has not been observed in the majority of the reported cases. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32744718 | In this review, the main transmission routes and causes of mortality associated with COVID-19 were investigated. […] The main transmission routes of COVID-19 have been the following: animal to human and human-to-human pathways, namely: respiratory transmission; oro-fecal transmission; air, surface-human transmission. […] Transmission from asymptomatic persons, healthcare transmission, and interfamily transmission have been well documented. […] The most probable transmission pathway is definitely the inter-human one. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32744907 | In conclusion, this work reinforces the importance of sputum samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection to minimize transmission of COVID-19 within the community. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32744989 | Emerging coronaviruses are a global public health threat because of the potential for person-to-person transmission and high mortality rates. […] This study describes dose-dependent effects of MERS-CoV infection of primates and uses a route of infection with potential relevance to MERS-CoV transmission. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32745013 | A compartmental model was also developed to simulate disease transmission dynamics and to assess system performance versus conventional methods. […] We developed a compartmental model parameterized specifically to assess the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission in LTC facilities. […] The model was used to quantify the impact of asymptomatic transmission and to assess the performance of several intervention groups to control outbreaks: no intervention, symptom mapping, polymerase chain reaction testing, and manual and digital contact tracing. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32745172 | Here, we exposed macaques to high titers of SARS-CoV-2 via combined transmission routes. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32745177 | To review evidence on the risks of aerosolization and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to health care personnel during endoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract. […] All English-language primary research studies were included if they assessed the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-1 during procedures in the upper aerodigestive tract. […] The primary outcome measure was disease transmission among health care workers. […] No studies included in this review provided data for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during flexible laryngoscopy. […] A substantial lack of research precludes formal conclusions about the safety of flexible laryngoscopy and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to health care workers. […] The use of appropriate precautionary measures and personal protective equipment appears to reduce the risk of transmission. […] Given the uncertainty in transmission and the known benefits of safety precautions, upper airway endoscopy may be reasonable to perform if precautionary steps are taken. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32745627 | The one with best sensitivity was also assessed with direct nasopharyngeal swab viral transmission medium (VTM) heating; thus overcoming the RNA extraction step. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32745628 | School closure carried out in Japan did not show any mitigating effect on the transmission of novel coronavirus infection. | 2020-08-04 |
| 32746801 | There is currently no evidence that COVID-19 can spread through vertical transmission. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32747703 | This paper assesses the possibility of using debt relief funds to sustain HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, suppress transmission, and reach global goals to quell the epidemic by 2030. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32748211 | The evaluation of smell/taste disorders with a visual analogue scale or an individual olfactory or gustatory test, at the hospital or by telemedicine, to prevent contamination might facilitate an early detection of infected patients and reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32748306 | Examine good tissue practices as relates to in vitro fertilization, biopsying, and vitrificationto compare current knowledge of ova, sperm, and embryos as vectors for disease transmission as it relates to our current knowledge regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Unknown risks relating to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sperm, ova, and embryos necessitate a reexamining of how human IVF is performed. […] The question remains; is heightened security and change warranted where the risks of disease transmission likely remain negligible? | 2020-08-05 |
| 32748969 | As on May 10, 2020, more than 4,153,300 people stand infected from the virus due to an unprecedented rate of transmission and 282,700 have lost their lives because of the disease. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32749450 | Five major themes emerged: home health care workers (1) were on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic but felt invisible; (2) reported a heightened risk for virus transmission; (3) received varying amounts of information, supplies, and training from their home care agencies; (4) relied on nonagency alternatives for support, including information and supplies; and (5) were forced to make difficult trade-offs in their work and personal lives. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32749642 | A direct concern, however, might relate to the potential transmission of the virus through fecal microbiota transplants. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32749712 | Evidence of placental COVID-19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission - especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID-19 in early pregnancy. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32749807 | To determine whether children play a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to other children and adults, and to gain insight into symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children. […] The notifications suggest that transmission finds place mainly between adults and to a lesser extent between parents and children. […] The study gives no indications that children play an important role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Children can indeed become infected, but transmission mainly takes place between adult peers and from adult family members to children. […] Transmission among children or from children to adults, as is known in influenza, appears to be less common. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750004 | For example, the extent to which social media platforms contribute to enhancing public health awareness and prevention during epidemic disease transmission is currently unknown. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750135 | Accurate estimates of seroprevalence are needed to model transmission dynamics and estimate mortality rates. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750190 | The understanding of the transmission of COVID-19 risk is incomplete. […] The transmission mainly occurs through the respiratory droplets once an infected person sneezes, like the spread of flu and other respiratory infectious agents. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750215 | Information generated in this study confirms humidity as a driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750256 | Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in these tissues raises the possibility for vertical transmission and indicates that further work is required to understand potential risks to implantation, placental health and fetal health that require further study. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750327 | One of the mechanisms of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome - corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) amid humans is through direct ejection of droplets via sneezing, coughing and vocalizing. […] Through a critical review of the current literature and a preliminary analysis of the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and air pollution in the affected regions, we offer a perspective that polluted environment could enhance the transmission rate of such deadly viruses under moderate-to-high humidity conditions. […] The aqueous atmospheric aerosols offer a conducive surface for adsorption/absorption of organic molecules and viruses onto them, facilitating a pathway for higher rate of transmission under favourable environmental conditions. […] This mechanism partially explains the role of polluted air besides the exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in the rapid transmission of the virus amongst the public. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32750338 | Whether this evolution will lead to changes in the transmission, the duration, or the severity of the disease is not clear. | 2020-08-05 |
| 32751106 | This inexpensive, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-LAMP assay can be useful for rapid deployment as mobile diagnostic units to resource-limiting areas for point-of-care diagnosis, and for unlimited high-throughput mass screening at borders to reduce cross-regional transmission. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32751633 | Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a global threat, which includes confirmed cases in all 50 states within the United States (US). | 2020-08-06 |
| 32751669 | We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. […] The simulations were fitted into the Malaysian COVID-19 active case numbers, allowing approximation of parameters consisting of probability of transmission per contact (β), average number of contacts per day per case (ζ), and proportion of close-contact traced per day (q). […] We conclude that isolation, quarantine, and MCO measures are essential to break the transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32752627 | The ongoing novel coronavirus epidemic was announced a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and the Government of India declared a nationwide lockdown on March 25, 2020 to prevent community transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. […] In our study, we developed a new compartmental model that explains the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. […] The disease-free equilibrium becomes stable and the endemic equilibrium becomes unstable when the recovery rate of infected individuals increases, but if the disease transmission rate remains higher, then the endemic equilibrium always remains stable. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32752644 | We have developed an epidemic progression model involving the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered dynamics, the age-stratified disease transmissibility, and the possible large-scale undocumented (i.e., asymptomatic and/or untested) transmission of COVID-19 taking place in the USA. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32752979 | We suggest that natural selection has favoured a “Don’t burn down the house” strategy, in which free S1 protein may compete with viral particles for the ACE2 receptor, thus reducing the severity of the infection and tissue damage without losing transmission capability. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32753078 | This kind of question is appropriate for public health responses and it will depend on the early estimates of the key epidemiological parameters of the virus in a defined population.In this study, we combined a likelihood-based method using a Bayesian framework and compartmental model of the epidemic of COVID-19 in Nigeria to estimate the effective reproduction number (R(t)) and basic reproduction number (R0) - this also enables us to estimate the initial daily transmission rate (β0). | 2020-08-06 |
| 32753985 | The first stage was characterized by limited knowledge of the transmission dynamics of the virus and a consequently weak response. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754137 | It is highly recommended that asymptomatic patients be identified and quarantined to eliminate the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754225 | These mitigation strategies, if focused on reducing COVID-19 transmission through a triad of prevention activities, have the potential to mitigate bed demand and mortality by a considerable extent. […] We further suggest three potential shielding options, with their likely applicability to different settings, for communities to consider and that would enable them to provide access to transmission-shielded arrangements for the highest risk community members. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754248 | Data Synthesis COVID-19 started from a zoonotic transmission event associated with a large seafood market that also traded in live wild animals, and it soon became clear that efficient person-to-person transmission was also occurring. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754567 | The novel coronavirus’ high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754568 | These results suggest that warmer weather may modestly reduce the rate of spread of COVID-19, but anticipation of a substantial decline in transmission due to temperature alone with onset of summer in the northern hemisphere, or in tropical regions, is not warranted by these findings. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754599 | Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754600 | Asymptomatic (carriers) and possible fecal-oral transmission, resulted into a large-scale spread. […] We combined with epidemiological and clinical data of asymptomatic patients to analyze the possible routes of viral transmission and infection, including eyes-nose, hands-eyes, fecal-oral, and eyes-oral, et al., thus first presented the two-way transmission through eyes-oral. […] Through associating infection symptoms with the transmission routes of virus and the patient course of the disease, we expect to provide guidelines for clinical diagnosis and the basis for suppressing the spread of the virus and antiviral treatment. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32754756 | The aggressive testing in the early days of the epidemic was associated with reduction in transmission speed of COVID-19. | 2020-08-06 |
| 32755302 | The potentially fatal coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by air droplets and airborne as the main transmission modes, clearly induces a spectrum of respiratory clinical manifestations, but it also affects the immune, gastrointestinal, hematological, nervous, and renal systems. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32755348 | Preexisting stroke patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were readily predisposed to death, providing an important message to individuals and health care workers that preventive measures must be implemented to protect and reduce transmission in stroke patients in this COVID-19 crisis. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32755524 | We have been introduced to “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)” disease with high mortality and transmission rate caused by a novel human coronavirus, in December 2019 and the microbiological diagnosis of the infection has been in the center of the focus to control the pandemic. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32755673 | Exploring the possible zoonosis and revealing the factors responsible for its initial transmission from animals to humans will pave ways to design and implement effective preventive and control strategies to counter the COVID-19. […] The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARS- and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32755724 | Vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and possible induction of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, fetal malformations, fetal growth restriction and/or stillbirth, are serious concerns for pregnant individuals with COVID-19. […] According to clinical information, the incidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is limited to date. […] As the frequency and molecular mechanisms of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been determined to date, intensive clinical examinations by repeated ultrasound and fetal heart rate monitoring are strongly recommended for pregnant women infected with COVID-19. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32755848 | Lockdown, social distancing, isolation strategies and public health guidelines to prevent viral transmission impacted the delivery of all aspects of Tuberculosis care. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32756132 | In this context, this protocol describes a systematic review that will aim to identify the evidence on control and prevention of COVID-19 transmission among children and adolescents, as well as to describe the epidemiological profile and clinical and immunological characteristics of COVID-19 in this population. […] Observational studies and case reports with Children and adolescents (≤19 years) infected with SARS-CoV-2 will be included whether they report information on the control of prevention and COVID-19 transmission. […] A high-quality synthesis of the available evidences on the epidemiological profile, the clinical and immunological characteristics involved in children, and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the participation of this population in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 will be provided. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32756270 | Third section includes changes of clinical practice during the pandemic and the last section was regarding their concern on COVID transmission. […] More than 60% of respondents were worried being infected by COVID-19 virus and >68% were worried of transmission to their family members. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32756337 | Vertical transmission cannot be excluded in this case. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32756535 | Fifteen studies explored the issue of aerosolization/contamination showing a high risk of airborne transmission via droplets generation during the use of these modalities. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32756820 | It is known that the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) occurs predominantly through droplets and contact. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32757186 | In spite of the increasing, accumulating knowledge on the novel pandemic coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), questions on the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection transmission from mothers to fetuses or neonates during pregnancy and peripartum period remain pending and have not been addressed so far. […] Further data, based on national and international multicenter registries, are needed not only to clearly assess the extent of the risk for vertical transmission, but also to ultimately establish solid guidelines and consistent recommendations. […] KEY POINTS: · Questions on the COVID-19 infection transmission from mothers to fetuses or neonates during pregnancy and peripartum period remain pending so far.. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32757376 | In the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have to comply with hygiene conditions and use gloves more frequently and for a longer period of time than they would previously to avoid infection and prevent transmission. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32757499 | To overcome fast-paced COVID-19 pandemic, the government should be rapidly ready and primed for action according to the specific transmission scenario. | 2020-08-07 |
| 32757817 | Soon after, a global pandemic was declared in March 2020 with each state issuing stay at home orders based on population, risk for community transmission and current number of positive cases. […] A priority for each region was to develop efficient systems for testing large patient volumes in a safe manner to reduce the risk of community transmission. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32757995 | Early identification and isolation of patients in the preliminary infective stage has been a mainstay of most governmental strategies in order to limit transmission. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32758198 | Due to the severity of the epidemic, undiscovered transmission of COVID-19 deserves further investigation. […] The aim of our study hypothesized possible modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and how the virus may have spread between two family clusters within a residential building in Guangzhou, China. […] Therefore, in addition to the conventional droplet transmission, there is also indirect contact transmission such as snot-oral transmission that plays a crucial role in community spread of the virus. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32758318 | In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to actively finding effective treatment drugs and developing vaccines, it is more important to identify the source of infection at the community level as soon as possible to block the transmission path of the virus to prevent the spread of the pandemic. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32758453 | In this modelling study, we used Covasim, a stochastic individual-based model for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, calibrated to the UK epidemic. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32758454 | However, empiric data on transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among children and in educational settings are scarce. […] We examined SARS-CoV-2 transmission among children and staff in schools and early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). […] Laboratory-confirmed paediatric (aged ≤18 years) and adult COVID-19 cases who attended a school or ECEC setting while considered infectious (defined as 24 h before symptom onset based on national guidelines during the study period) in NSW from Jan 25 to April 10, 2020, were investigated for onward transmission. […] No secondary transmission occurred in nine of ten ECEC settings among 497 contacts. […] However, one outbreak in an ECEC setting involved transmission to six adults and seven children (attack rate 35·1%; 13/37). […] SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates were low in NSW educational settings during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave, consistent with mild infrequent disease in the 1·8 million child population. […] With effective case-contact testing and epidemic management strategies and associated small numbers of attendances while infected, children and teachers did not contribute significantly to COVID-19 transmission via attendance in educational settings. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32758701 | Community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in the United States on February 26, 2020, and the rapid spread that followed forced patients, providers, payors, and policy makers to adapt to an unprecedented, nearly instant, and enormous demand for virtual care. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32758929 | Although the major transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are inhalation of aerosol/droplet and person-to-person contact, currently available evidence indicates that the viral RNA is present in wastewater, suggesting the need to better understand wastewater as potential sources of epidemiological data and human health risks. […] Our understanding on the potential role of wastewater in SARS-CoV-2 transmission is largely limited by knowledge gaps in its occurrence, persistence, and removal in wastewater. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32759174 | When elective bronchoscopies were resumed, we established protocols to reduce aerosolization and potential virus transmission risks such as using an airborne infection-isolation room and changing to total intravenous anesthesia. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32759377 | Our analysis demonstrates satisfactory student’s knowledge but lacks awareness about background and mode of transmission of this disease; therefore, there is a strong need for further education and training programmes. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32759918 | Quarantine of exposed persons (contacts) for 14 days following their exposure reduces transmission (4-7). | 2020-08-08 |
| 32759921 | Limited data are available about transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), among youths. […] Camp A adopted most† components of CDC’s Suggestions for Youth and Summer Camps§ to minimize the risk for SARS-CoV-2 introduction and transmission. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32759985 | Here we integrate anonymized, geolocalized mobility data with census and demographic data to build a detailed agent-based model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in the Boston metropolitan area. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760070 | In order to rapidly inform polices in the international response to the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), we summarize in this review current evidence on epidemiological and clinical features of the infection, transmission routes, problems of nucleic-acid testing, the epidemiological trend in China and impact of interventional measures, and some lessons learned. […] Close contacts are the major mechanism of transmission, which makes it possible to control this epidemic through nonpharmacological methods. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760127 | To avoid a surge of demand on the healthcare system due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we must reduce transmission to individuals with chronic conditions who are at risk of severe illness with COVID-19. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760158 | Our method uses a hybrid deterministic and stochastic formalism that allows for time variable transmission rates and detection probabilities. […] Of those 30 countries, 27 have significant evidence for subcritical transmission rates, although the decline in new cases is relatively slow compared to the initial growth rates. […] Generally, the transmission rates in Europe were lower than in the Americas and Asia. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760169 | There is no significant effect of COVID infection on maternal and foetal outcome in pregnancy and there is no evidence of vertical transmission of the COVID-19 infection but long-term follow-up of these babies is recommended. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760213 | These findings proposed a possible fecal-oral and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and suggested that cancers of the respiratory, digestive or urinary tracts would be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760303 | Individual early protection behaviors might slow transmission of the outbreak. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760632 | Additional research is needed to understand the pathogenicity of the virus, especially in companion animals, modes of transmission, incubation period, contagious period, and zoonotic potential. […] Given that the future outbreak of zoonotic diseases is inevitable, importance must be given for swift identification of the pathogen, source, and transmission methods. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32760637 | This adaptation allows us to answer questions such as the probability of transmission per encounter, disease duration, and mortality rate. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32761123 | By late April 2020, public discourse in the U.S. had shifted toward the idea of using more targeted case-based mitigation tactics (e.g., contact tracing) to combat COVID-19 transmission while allowing for the safe “re-opening” of society, in an effort to reduce the social, economic, and political ramifications associated with stricter approaches. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32761228 | The factors that contribute to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children are unclear. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32762165 | This review discusses the mechanisms of replication and transmission of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses providing basis for future studies on interrupting the transmission and pathogenicity of these pathogenic viruses. | 2020-08-08 |
| 32762723 | The present case further confirms that the possibility of mother-to-child transmission about SARS-CoV-2 via breast milk alone was very small, and breast milk is safe for direct feeding of infants. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32762735 | Currently available evidence supports that the predominant route of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory droplets and/or contact routes. […] The report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China supports person-to-person droplet and fomite transmission during close unprotected contact with the vast majority of the investigated infection clusters occurring within families, with a household secondary attack rate varying between 3 and 10%, a finding that is not consistent with airborne transmission. […] The reproduction number (R0) for the SARS-CoV-2 is estimated to be between 2.2-2.7, compatible with other respiratory viruses associated with a droplet/contact mode of transmission and very different than an airborne virus like measles with a R0 widely cited to be between 12 and 18. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32762799 | Ethiopia is currently implementing different preventive measures to interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32763302 | In this review, we have described SARS-CoV-2’s genome, transmission, and pathogenicity. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32763338 | This study is based on the use of a compartmental model to analyze the transmission dynamics of the disease in South Africa. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32763473 | Systematic review of the research concerning UVGI for FFRs disinfection to facilitate reuse (also termed limited reuse) during respiratory infectious diseases where aerosol transmission is considered possible. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32763536 | One out of five patients lacked knowledge of the mode of transmission and stopped their psychiatric treatment. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32763612 | Given that the novel coronavirus was detected in stool and urine from diagnosed patients, the potential risk of its transmission through the water environment might not be ignored. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32763892 | Transmission parameters between compartments are typically estimated through stochastic parameterization processes that depends on detailed statistics of transmission characteristics, which are economically and resource-wise expensive to collect. […] We aim to apply deep learning techniques as a lower data dependency alternative to estimate transmission parameters of a customized compartmental model, for the purpose of simulating the dynamics of the US coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic and projecting its further development. […] We constructed a compartmental model and developed a multistep deep learning methodology to estimate the model’s transmission parameters. […] We then fed the estimated transmission parameters to the model to predict development of the US COVID-19 epidemic for 35 and 42 days. […] Current compartmental models require stochastic parameterization to estimate the transmission parameters. […] These models’ effectiveness depends upon detailed statistics on transmission characteristics. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32764128 | While large-scale changes in population behaviour are required to reduce the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, the emergency context is not conducive to the sort of careful communications planning that would normally be required to meet such a task. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32764257 | Knowledge of other viral respiratory diseases suggests that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be modulated by seasonally varying environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. […] Initially, these studies raised the hypothesis that climatic conditions would subdue the viral transmission rate in places entering the boreal summer, and that southern hemisphere countries would experience enhanced disease spread. […] Seasonally modulated transmission, if it exists, will be more evident in 2021 and subsequent years. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32764372 | As person-to-person transmission is airborne, crowded closed spaces have high potential for rapid virus spread, especially early in the pandemic when social distancing and mask wearing were not mandatory. […] Phylogenetic analysis clarified transmission events, confirming S1 as having infected at least three other staff members and refuting the association of a staff member’s infected spouse with the ICVL transmission cluster. […] This study demonstrates the advantages of molecular epidemiology in elucidating transmission events and exemplifies the importance of good laboratory practice, distancing and mask wearing in preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread, specifically in healthcare facilities. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32764417 | Moreover, the possible impact of weather conditions on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is also discussed. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32764709 | Many of the alternatives available to hospitals have not been certified, leaving uncertainty about their ability to properly protect healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32765013 | Preparing for a pandemic outbreak involves a great deal of awareness necessary to stop initial outbreaks, through recognizing the molecular mechanisms underlying virus transmission and pathogenicity. […] CoV spike protein S is the key determinant of host tropism and viral pathogenicity which can undergo variations and makes the CoV a highly pathogenic and diffusible virus capable of sustained human-to-human transmission and spread easily. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32765185 | Self-isolation is an important personal protective measure in inhibiting the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as people carry out economic and social activities amid its spread. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32765822 | It is postulated that the central IDRs make cardinal contributions in the multitasking role of the nucleocapsid protein, likely requiring structural plasticity, perhaps also impinging on coronavirus host tropism and cross-species transmission. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32766087 | Factors that must be considered include allocation of essential resources and protection of patients and families from disease transmission. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32766202 | Trust in public health officials and the information they provide is essential for the public uptake of preventative strategies to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32766458 | They can unravel the pragmatic strategies for preventing transmission (physical distancing, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment usage and decontamination) despite engaging in occupations safely and effectively. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32766462 | The short-term predicted number of cumulative COVID-19 cases matched the confirmed reports of those who were infected across the four countries and regions, and the long-term forecasts were capable to accurately evaluate the spread of the pandemic in Chinese mainland and Chinese Taiwan, where control measures such as social distancing were fully implemented and sustained, suggesting GLM as a valuable tool for characterizing the transmission dynamics process and the trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic along with the impact of interventions. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32766957 | With further precautions being introduced to reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19, an increase in the rate of elective cancer surgery should be a current priority for all hospitals where possible. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32766998 | While the main source of infection transmission therefore is human to human, there are a few rare cases of pets contracting the infection from a SARS-CoV-2-infected human. […] Although there is no evidence that pets actively transmit SARS-CoV-2 via animal-to-human transmission, senior pet ownership potentially may pose a small risk to older adults by (1) potentially enabling animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the most vulnerable population and (2) by increasing the exposition risk for the elderly due to the necessity to care for the pet and, in the case of dogs, to take them outside the house several times per day. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767271 | Initially, these were undertaken based on data from influenza outbreaks in which children were highly susceptible and important in community-wide transmission. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767639 | Under these circumstances, ensuring the safety of donor human milk is paramount, as the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. […] SARS-CoV-2 is effectively inactivated by Holder pasteurisation, suggesting that existing milk bank processes will effectively mitigate the risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 to vulnerable infants through pasteurised donor human milk. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767657 | Between mid-January and early February, provinces of mainland China outside the epicentre in Hubei province were on high alert for importations and transmission of COVID-19. […] Many properties of COVID-19 infection and transmission were still not yet established. […] We collated and analysed data on 449 of the earliest COVID-19 cases detected outside Hubei province to make inferences about transmission dynamics and severity of infection. […] We analysed 64 clusters to make inferences on serial interval and potential role of pre-symptomatic transmission. […] We estimated that 32/80 (40%) of transmission events were likely to have occurred prior to symptoms onset in primary cases. […] The majority of transmissions are occurring around illness onset in an infected person, and pre-symptomatic transmission does play a role. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767703 | We aimed to study the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within families with children in Greece. […] Transmission of infection occurred from an adult to a child in 19 clusters and/or from an adult to another adult in 12 clusters. […] There was no evidence of child-to-adult or child-to-child transmission. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767707 | As community transmission of COVID-19 continues and the number of country cases rise, fragile health systems may be strained. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767742 | COVID-19 is predominantly transmitted by respiratory droplets; in the clinical setting, aerosol generating procedures pose the greatest risk for COVID-19 transmission. […] Bronchoscopy is associated with increased risk of patient-to-health care worker transmission, owing to aerosolized viral particles which may be inhaled and also result in environmental contamination of surfaces. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767745 | Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission have been applied at all social levels, including health care operators. | 2020-08-09 |
| 32767920 | At this moment, there is no specific treatment and the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive, and prevention aimed at reducing community transmission. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32768110 | Psychiatric inpatients are particularly vulnerable to the transmission and effects of COVID-19. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32768565 | The emergence of COVID-19 has triggered many works aiming at identifying the animal intermediate potentially involved in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32768702 | The major types of cluster infections were families, community transmission, nosocomial infection, gatherings, transportation, shopping malls, conferences, tourists, religious organisations, workers, prisons, offices, and nursing homes. […] The SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted in various circumstances, and cluster infections play an important role in the rapid evolution of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32768746 | The objective of the present study was to determine whether meteorological parameters and air quality affect the transmission of COVID-19, analogous to SARS. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32768807 | However, their biosafety has not been evaluated, which could have been the first gateway to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32769089 | Herein, we describe children’s role in household transmission of COVID-19. […] The SAR from children to household members was low in the setting of social distancing, underscoring the importance of rigorous contact tracing and early isolation in limiting transmission within households. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32769214 | As a key to tracing the disease and to implement strategies aimed at breaking the chain of disease transmission, extensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 was suggested. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32769235 | Bronchoscopy plays an important role in diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary diseases, especially in patients with severe pulmonary infection, however, application of bronchoscopy in patients suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection is extremely limited for the potential airborne transmission from aerosol generated during the procedure. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32769321 | Guidelines help in preventing the laboratory staff and healthcare workers from contracting the disease which has a known human to human route of transmission and high rate of mortality. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32769760 | Furthermore, other pathways may also play important roles in COVID-19 transmission and pathogenesis; spike (S) protein proteases facilitate viral transmission by cleaving S protein that promotes viral entry into the host; neprilysin (NEP), a neutral endopeptidase known to cleave natriuretic peptides, degrades Ang I into Ang 1-7; NEP can also catabolize bradykinin and thus mitigate bradykinin’s role in inflammation, whereas, in the same context, specific bradykinin inhibitors may also negate bradykinin’s harmful effects. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32769778 | : More than 3 decades of research has provided compelling evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of needle and syringe programs in reducing syringe-sharing and transmission of HIV, HCV, and other bloodborne infections. […] This commentary discusses the robust public health responses that are needed at this particularly vulnerable and critical juncture to ensure access to safe injecting supplies and minimize the risk for transmission of bloodborne infections among people who inject drugs. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32770167 | In response, countries are implementing societal measures aimed at curtailing transmission of SARS-CoV-22,3. […] In the present study, we use COVID-19 and malaria transmission models to estimate the impact of disruption of malaria prevention activities and other core health services under four different COVID-19 epidemic scenarios. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32770169 | To address this issue, we simulated control strategies for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a real-world social network generated from high-resolution GPS data that were gathered in the course of a citizen-science experiment3,4. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32770341 | The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare staff during AGPs is well documented, and negative-pressure rooms are often unavailable. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32770646 | Our case series plausibly affirmed a person-to-person transmission and potentially severe disease in the transplant population. […] Clinicians who are encountering with transplant recipients should be aware of possible transmission among family members. | 2020-08-10 |
| 32771089 | Interruption of ART would increase mother-to-child transmission of HIV by approximately 1·6 times. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32771432 | The control strategies preventing subclinical transmission differed among countries. […] A stochastic transmission model was used to assess the potential effectiveness of control strategies at controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. […] Three strategies included lack of prevention of subclinical transmission (Strategy A), partial prevention using testing with different accuracy (Strategy B) and complete prevention by isolating all at-risk people (Strategy C, Taiwan policy). […] The high probability of containing COVID-19 in Strategy C is observed in different scenario, had varied in the number of initial cases (5, 20, and 40), the reproduction number (1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3.5), the proportion of at-risk people being investigated (40%, 60%, 80%, to 90%), the delay from symptom onset to isolation (long and short), and the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset (<1%, 15%, and 30%). | 2020-08-11 |
| 32771498 | To investigate the specific risk factors for novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) transmission among health care workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care university hospital. […] A case-control study was conducted to explore the possible risk factors that lead to SARS-CoV-2 transmission to HCWs. […] HCWs have a high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission while providing care to COVID-19 patients. […] Transmission may also occur in nonmedical areas of the hospital while speaking or eating. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32771632 | Expanding criteria for contact tracing and testing to capture potential transmission before symptom onset should be urgently considered to inform control strategies for COVID-19. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32771633 | The distribution of the transmission onset of COVID-19 relative to the symptom onset is a key parameter for infection control. […] It is often not easy to study the transmission onset time, as it is difficult to know who infected whom exactly when. […] We inferred transmission onset time from 72 infector-infectee pairs in South Korea, either with known or inferred contact dates, utilizing the incubation period. […] Combining this data with known information of the infector’s symptom onset, we could generate the transmission onset distribution of COVID-19, using Bayesian methods. […] We estimated the median transmission onset to be 1.31 days (standard deviation, 2.64 days) after symptom onset with a peak at 0.72 days before symptom onset. […] The pre-symptomatic transmission proportion was 37% (95% credible interval [CI], 16-52%). […] Considering that the transmission onset distribution peaked with the symptom onset and the pre-symptomatic transmission proportion is substantial, the usual preventive measures might be too late to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32771634 | The clinical onset serial interval is often used as a proxy for the transmission interval of an infectious disease. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32771775 | We proposed a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-removed model (SEIR) model based on temporal moving windows to quantify COVID-19 transmission patterns and compare the temporal progress of disease spread in six representative regions worldwide: three Chinese regions (Zhejiang, Guangdong and Xinjiang) vs. three countries (South Korea, Italy and Iran). […] Measure-dependent transmission rates followed a modified normal distribution (empirical law) in the three Chinese regions. […] Subsequent modeling simulations were based on the working assumption that similar infection transmission control measures were taken in South Korea as in Zhejiang on February 25th, in Italy as in Guangdong on February 25th, and in Iran as in Xinjiang on March 8th. […] The surface air temperature showed stronger association with transmission rate of COVID-19 than surface relative humidity. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32772722 | This has been particularly important since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, because reducing patient contact can also help to minimise transmission of COVID-19 to outpatients who are at a high risk of COVID-19-triggered complications. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773099 | In the first months, there have been uncertainties on almost any area: infection transmission route, virus origin and persistence in the environment, diagnostic tests, therapeutic approach, high-risk subjects, lethality, and containment policies. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773103 | The collection of blood by the transfusion centers has been the subject of organizational measures, in order to avoid the transmission of COVID 19 while maintaining a sufficient blood collection for clinical needs. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773251 | Digestive tract motility tests involve an intermediate and elevated risk for the transmission of COVID-19 infection. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773286 | By effectively facilitating eTCB deployment, hospital leaders and practitioners can establish clearer ‘zones of risk’ and related protective practices that prevent transmission to HCWs and patients. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773332 | Viruses are only identified in the context of the epidemic that they induce as a result of transmission from one host to another. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773336 | In response to ongoing concerns regarding transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), surgical practice has changed for the foreseeable future. […] Practice guidelines recommend only urgent or emergent surgical procedures be performed to minimize viral transmission. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773409 | Specific characteristics noted in children and their implications in disease management as well as transmission control are highlighted. […] A significant percentage of asymptomatic infection in children has epidemiological implication as these may act as links in transmission chain in the community. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773533 | Believed to be zoonotic in origin, COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus subtype, which spreads from person to person through droplet transmission. […] Because of close, person-to-person proximity, coupled with possible contact with body fluids, transmission of COVID-19 during sexual activity is possible. […] However, some activities carry higher risks of transmission than others. […] This article explores the risks of COVID-19 transmission associated with kissing, oral sex (fellatio and annilingus), and anal receptive and anal insertive intercourse among men who have sex with men (MSM). | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773845 | However, in patients with COVID-19, the guidelines need to be modified,due to various concerns like differing etiology of cardiac arrest, virulence of the virus, risk of its transmission to rescuers, and the need to avoid or minimize aerosolization from the patient due to various interventions. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32773848 | The closed environment of the operation room (OR) with aerosol generating airway management procedures increases the risk of transmission of infection among the anaesthesiologists and other OR personnel. […] The All India Difficult Airway Association (AIDAA) aims to provide consensus guidelines for safe airway management in the OR, while attempting to prevent transmission of infection to the OR personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32774004 | Cancer departments must balance patient care whilst also minimising transmission among patients and healthcare professionals. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32774008 | Reorganizing medical services is vital to deliver effective fracture care and also mitigate disease transmission. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32774639 | In order to prevent more widespread transmission of the virus, rapid detection and isolation of confirmed cases is of utmost importance. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775219 | Guidance from many health authorities recommend that social distancing measures should be implemented in an epidemic when community transmission has already occurred. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775696 | Reaching the exponential peak of cases, flattening the curve, and treating all of the active cases are the keys to success in reducing outbreak transmission. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775770 | Between January 30th and the time of the writing, we have treated over 100 radiation therapy patients, with no incidence of on-site COVID-19 transmission between patients and health care workers in the duration. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775776 | Perhaps more than any other disease site we commonly see, the evaluation and treatment of head and neck cancer has posed the greatest risk of COVID-19 transmission between patients and radiotherapy providers. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775784 | The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic has placed an increased importance on physical distancing to minimize the risk of transmission in radiation oncology departments. […] When using remote physicians for ART, our department was able to increase physical distancing to lower the risk of virus transmission while providing specialty care to patients in need. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775790 | Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, radiation oncology departments have adopted various strategies to deliver radiation therapy safely and efficiently while minimizing the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission among patients and health care providers. […] Single-fraction SBRT should be strongly considered for peripheral early-stage non-small cell lung cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic to mitigate the potentially severe consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32775943 | We argue that policies upholding the rights of birthing people, and policies decreasing the risk of COVID-19 transmission are not mutually exclusive. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32776124 | This study traced its diffusion from the global to national level and identified a few superspreaders that played a central role in the transmission of this disease in India. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32776309 | Maternal mortality, higher rates of preterm birth and cesarean section, suspected risk of vertical transmission, and low rate of breastfeeding show that family support should be a part of the care in the NICU.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04401540 What is Known: • The common property of previous reports was the conclusions on maternal outcomes, rather than neonatal outcomes. […] What is New: • Higher maternal mortality, higher rates of preterm birth and cesarean section, suspected risk of vertical transmission especially in a case with deep tracheal aspiration during the intubation, and the possible role of maternal disease severity on the outcomes are remarkable findings of this study. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32776726 | We determined the epidemiological characteristics of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and estimated the time-dependent reproduction number to assess the transmission dynamics of the infection. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32776899 | WHO videos more often focused on viral transmission and symptoms but covered these topics in fewer than 10% of the videos. […] Conclusions Although research suggests that cases of COVID-19 may be less severe in those under 18 years of age, social distancing remains paramount due to the possibility of transmission even in those with minimal or no symptoms. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32776964 | Our analysis also suggested either mixing of animal excreta in the environment or interspecies transmission of coronaviruses, as both bat and avian coronaviruses were detected in rodent feces on wildlife farms. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32777050 | Asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 can be a vehicle for transmission of the infection. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32777300 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has appeared in Wuhan, China but the fast transmission has led to its widespread prevalence in various countries, which has made it a global concern. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32777488 | Restrictions were implemented in several countries to reduce virus transmission whilst emergency departments (ED) were overwhelmed and there was shortage of healthcare providers. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32777861 | This has important implications for the risk of patient-to-staff, staff-to-staff and staff-to-patient transmission among health professionals in maternity units. […] This has significant implications for the risk of occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for both staff and patients in maternity units. […] Regular testing of staff, including asymptomatic staff should be considered to reduce transmission risk. | 2020-08-11 |
| 32777880 | However, the possibility that COVID-19 might be transmitted via atypical modes of transmission is an important public health consideration. […] In this short review article, the author summarizes and discusses the data on atypical modes of COVID-19 transmission. […] Based on the available data, it seems that there is still no evidence that COVID-19 can be transmitted via atypical modes of transmission. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32777883 | We investigated the transmission of COVID-19 in a cluster of cases. […] Three confirmed patients were infected at female’s Spa facility A and 7 confirmed patients were second, third, and fourth generations of transmission. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778012 | The tools in our armamentarium to prevent the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, are social distancing; frequent handwashing; use of facial masks; preventing nonessential contacts/travel; nationwide lockdown; and testing, isolation, and contact tracing. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778168 | One of the major strategies to reduce transmission of the virus between patients and healthcare workers is deferral of follow-up visits. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778178 | Although current evidence suggests that pets are probably dead-end-hosts with small risk of transmission to humans, our results suggested that cat flea may act as biological and/or mechanical vectors of SARS-CoV. […] Although preliminary, these results indicate a possibility of ectoparasites acting as reservoirs and vectors of SARS-CoV and related beta-coronavirus although with little disease risk due to systemic transmission route, low viremia, virus attenuation or other unknown factors. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778180 | With the current rate of the disease transmission in India, which is home to over 1.35 billion people, the infection spread is predicted to be worse than the USA in the upcoming months. […] To date, there is a major lack of understanding of the transmission dynamics and epidemiological characteristics of the disease in India, inhibiting effective measures to control the pandemic. […] A significant amount of local transmission in India initiated with travellers returning from abroad. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778421 | Infection routes include droplet and contact, and aerosol transmission is currently under investigation. […] Since the beginning of this outbreak, several interesting papers on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 have been published to report on the phylogenetic evolution, epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission as well as clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and possible treatments agents. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778470 | New infection control and clinical operation protocols were developed to minimize the health-care-associated infection of airborne transmission diseases. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778573 | Continual efforts to eliminate community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be needed to prevent additional waves of infection. […] We explored the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on projected SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada. […] We developed an age-structured agent-based model of the Canadian population simulating the impact of current and projected levels of public health interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Extending school closures had minimal effects but did reduce transmission in schools; however, extending closures of workplaces and mixed-age venues markedly reduced attack rates and usually or always eliminated the epidemic under any scenario. […] Controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission will depend on enhancing and maintaining interventions at both the community and individual levels. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32778630 | We report a family cluster of COVID-19 with different clinical manifestations to show a potential COVID-19 transmission in person who has no symptoms initially but may develop symptoms later as the incubation period varies from 5-14 days. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779028 | According to the tremendous rate of interhuman transmission via aerosols and respiratory droplets, severe measures have been required to contain contagion spread. […] Transnasal surgery, transgressing respiratory mucosa, can definitely increase the risk of virus transmission: we find that adopting further precautions, above all limiting high-speed drill can help preventing or at least reducing aerosol/droplets. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779119 | In light of the evidence for gastrointestinal infection implying a fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and given the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2/coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, associated with the widespread misuse of proton pump inhibitors, this suggests that we should not rule out the hypothesis that patients treated with proton pump inhibitors may be more at risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779193 | Vertical transmission is possible; however, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates were infected in utero, intrapartum or postpartum. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779481 | The novel coronavirus disease has brought the world to standstill with high infectivity and rapid transmission. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779810 | Case reports indicate that vertical transmission is uncommon; however there is evidence that placental and fetal infection can occur.3-7 Placentas from infected patients show inflammatory, thrombotic and vascular changes that have been found in other inflammatory conditions.8,9 This suggests that the inflammatory nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy could cause adverse obstetric and neonatal events. […] This review will summarize the known literature on the placenta in SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of vertical transmission, and possible outcomes of prenatal exposure to the virus. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779943 | Nebulizers and spirometry should be avoided where possible to reduce the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32779974 | However, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to health care workers through aerosolization and airborne transmission during rhinologic surgery remains incompletely characterized. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32780149 | We also summarize the latest research pertaining to the changes noted in ACE2 expression after viral binding, and the relationships relating to virus transmission and population susceptibility to it. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32780560 | This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitude of Jordanian parents regarding COVID-19 in children, including clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission and protection measures. […] Information regarding the clinical signs of the disease, modes of transmission, protection measures against COVID-19 and satisfaction with governmental measures was collected. […] The findings indicate that the parents had a good understanding of the clinical signs, mode of transmission and protection measures and were satisfied with governmental measures. […] In summary, we believe that the findings reported here are important for understanding the clinical characteristics and vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in children, from the perspective of parents. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32780809 | Child-to-adult transmission was suspected in 7 cases. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32780815 | SARS-CoV-2 transmission during dental procedures can happen through inhalation of droplets from infected patients or direct contact with mucous membranes, oral fluids, and contaminated instruments. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32780855 | The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed that every country implement a comprehensive set of measures to prevent infection, detect cases, interrupt transmission, control clusters, suppress outbreaks and reduce mortality. […] First: understand the pattern of infection locally and act on it effectively: assess the status of the outbreak; act rapidly and robustly to interrupt transmission. […] Fourth: assess the performance of responses to COVID-19 infection: detecting cases, interrupting chains of transmission, minimizing adverse consequences, protecting the most vulnerable and ensuring opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and well-being for all, leaving no-one behind. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32781078 | Twelve respondents reported on presumed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission during MIS generating hypothesis for further research. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32781456 | The presence of new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in semen and the possibility of sexual transmission have become new subjects of curiosity. […] The results of our study support the thought that sexual transmission via semen does not have an important role in the person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-12 |
| 32781614 | We discuss the evidence on perioperative risk for COVID-19 patients presenting for surgery, the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the operating room, and the current literature on laboratory diagnostics. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32781669 | The major purpose of this paper was to examine the transmission of COVID-19 and the associated factors that affect the transmission. […] A qualitative analysis was conducted by comparing the COVID-19 transmission of six countries: China, Korea, Japan, Italy, the USA, and Brazil. […] This paper attempted to examine the mitigation effectiveness for the transmission of COVID-19 and the pandemic severity. […] This paper suggests that viral testing together with contacts tracing, strict implementation of lockdown, and public cooperation play important roles in achieving a reduction in COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32781946 | Combinations of intense non-pharmaceutical interventions (lockdowns) were introduced worldwide to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Mathematical modelling has played a central role in guiding interventions, but the challenge of designing optimal exit strategies in the face of ongoing transmission is unprecedented. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32782038 | As part of their pandemic response plans, healthcare institutions should have ongoing training for HCWs that focus on appropriate PPE doffing and discussions around modes of transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32782048 | Public health lessons learned for future infectious disease pandemics include: safeguarding against research biases that may underestimate or overestimate an associated risk of disease and mortality; reassessing the ethics of fear-based public health campaigns; and providing full public disclosure of adverse effects from severe mitigation measures to contain viral transmission. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32782053 | According to the LDA analysis, the public was highly interested in topics such as COVID-19 prevention, infection symptoms, infection and coping measures, sources of transmission and treatments, community management, and work resumption. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32782429 | Knowledge of participants on transmission of COVID-19 was highest in the order of cough drops > contaminated surfaces > person-to-person contact > asymptomatic persons > airborne > zoonotic with no significant differences among lecturers and students. […] The study identifies lecturers and students as potential stakeholders in the fight against community transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32783168 | The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is not limited to the respiratory system but has widespread involvement including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver, with evidence of prolonged fecal shedding and feco-oral transmission. | 2020-08-13 |
| 32783494 | As a result, there remains much to be learned about mechanisms of neonatal infection including potential vertical transmission, best methods of testing, and the spectrum of clinical findings. […] In 2 cases, neonates tested positive at 1 and 2 h after birth which was suspicious for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Two neonates were highly suspicious for intrauterine vertical transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32783511 | The anti-infection protocol divided patients into 3 categories, namely outpatients, inpatients, and patients receiving radiation therapy at our cancer center, and each category had a distinct anti-infection protocol to minimize the risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32783675 | National and international guidelines recommend droplet/airborne transmission and contact precautions for those caring for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in ambulatory and acute care settings. […] A recognized key to transmission of COVID-19, and droplet infections generally, is the dispersion of bioaerosols from the patient. […] Increased risk of transmission has been associated with aerosol generating procedures that include endotracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, open suctioning, administration of nebulized treatment, manual ventilation before intubation, turning the patient to the prone position, disconnecting the patient from the ventilator, noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation, tracheostomy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. […] Taking actions to reduce risk of transmission to HCWs is, therefore, a vital consideration for safe delivery of all medical aerosols. […] Bioaerosols generated by infected patients are a major source of transmission for SARS CoV-2, and other infectious agents. […] In contrast, therapeutic aerosols do not add to the risk of disease transmission unless contaminated by patients or HCWs. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32783794 | Claims were related to illness, transmission and mortality (24%), control measures (21%), treatment and cure (19%), cause of disease including the origin (15%), violence (1%), and miscellaneous (20%). | 2020-08-14 |
| 32784125 | Nearly all emerging viruses, including Ebola, Dengue, Nipah, West Nile, Zika, and coronaviruses (including SARS-Cov2, the causative agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic), have zoonotic origins, indicating that animal-to-human transmission constitutes a primary mode of acquisition of novel infectious diseases. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32784189 | This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in South Korea and evaluate whether a social distancing campaign is effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. […] We used contract tracing data to investigate the epidemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in South Korea and evaluate whether a social distancing campaign was effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32784499 | As the world is struggling to minimize the transmission of this devastating disease, several strategies are being actively deployed to develop therapeutic interventions. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32784888 | Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, whose transmission can lead to global pandemics like COVID-19. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32785110 | The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs involved in the first management of infected patients and to describe the measures adopted to prevent the transmission in the hospital. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32785209 | Little is also known about SARS CoV-2 evolutionary and transmission patterns as limited number of the large-scale sequence and phylogenetic analyses have been performed so far. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32785450 | This study aims to describe the actions carried out by the epidemiological surveillance system in Belo Horizonte to address the COVID-19 epidemic and the timeless of the data for detecting transmission in 2020. […] Epidemiological surveillance uses several data sources to monitor and analyze the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32785481 | Tropical countries will face complex epidemiological scenarios involving the simultaneous transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32785566 | Conclusion prevent the transmission of the virus in the pregnancy-postpartum cycle, assess whether there is a need to interrupt pregnancies, decrease the circulation of people, avoid skin-to-skin contact and water births, prefer epidural over general anesthesia, keep mothers who tested positive or are symptomatic isolated from NB, and encourage breastfeeding. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32785683 | We interviewed 229 American passengers and crew after disembarkation following a ship-based quarantine to identify risk factors for infection and characterize transmission onboard the ship. […] Our findings highlight the high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission on cruise ships. […] High rates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in cabinmates of individuals with asymptomatic infections suggest that triage by symptom status in shared quarters is insufficient to halt transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32786273 | Since human-to-human transmission occurs easily and the rate of human infection is rapidly increasing, sensitive and early diagnosis is essential to prevent a global outbreak. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32787914 | Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has been uncharted territory, and countries and governments have faced the challenge of implementing response strategies to manage local transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32788033 | Human-to-cat transmission is suspected. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32788148 | Identifying and monitoring individuals with COVID-19 and individuals who have been exposed to the disease is critical to prevent transmission. […] These systems provide technological advances to complement the traditional contact tracing and digital tracing applications being implemented to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission during reopening. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32788160 | Nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 puts patients with other medical problems at risk of severe illness and death. […] With hospital service resumption alongside the possibility of future waves of COVID-19 related admissions, strategies to prevent nosocomial transmission are essential. […] Point-of-care diagnostics can complement clinical assessment to rapidly identify patients with COVID-19 and reduce risk of transmission within hospitals. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32788312 | Preventive strategies aim at reducing the transmission of disease by contact tracing, washing of hands, use of face masks and government-led lockdown of unnecessary activities to reduce the risk of transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32788324 | Although the major transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered to be airborne droplets and close contact, the ocular transmission route has been reported with great concern. […] The current work summarises the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the ocular distribution of the major SARS-CoV-2 binding protein, and the experimental and clinical evidence of the ocular transmission route. […] Although it seems that the likelihood of the ocular surface being an infection gateway is low, SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission via the ocular surface may cause conjunctivitis and other ocular discomfort. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32788768 | Imaging needs to be done taking necessary precautions, to minimize disease transmission, protect health care personnel, and preserve health care system functioning. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32789084 | COVID-19 has demanded that the health care systems globally evolve, develop new strategies, identify new models of functioning, and at times, fall back on the old conservative methods of orthopedic care to decrease the risk of disease transmission. […] Various strategies have been developed at the institute level to reduce the risk of infection transmission among the theatre team from an unsuspected patient (asymptomatic and presymptomatic) during the perioperative period. […] These precautions helped us to reduce transmission and exposure to COVID-19 in health care workers (HCW) and patients in our institute. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32789156 | In Morocco, the first local transmission case was detected in March 13. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32789802 | Slow-progressive cases of the Spanish flu have been linked to bacterial pneumonia and neurological disorders later in life, emphasizing the need to reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790205 | Finally, because reproduction is a human right and infertility is considered a health disease, we will discuss how assisted reproductive clinics can cope with the pandemic and what guidelines they should follow to minimise the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790245 | Defining the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is critical as some national infection control decisions involving children, such as school closures or social distancing, will probably impact the dynamics of the virus. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790253 | In this regard, the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology, together with Rospotrebnadzor prepared guidelines on measures to prevent the transmission of a new coronavirus infection through foods. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790362 | A model to predict the relative levels of respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials of coronaviruses (CoVs) by measuring the percentage of protein intrinsic disorder (PID) of the M (Membrane) and N (Nucleoprotein) proteins in their outer and inner shells, respectively, was built before the MERS-CoV outbreak. […] With MPID = 8.6% and NPID = 50.2%, the 2003 SARS-CoV falls into group B, which consists of CoVs with intermediate levels of both fecal-oral and respiratory transmission potentials. […] Group C contains CoVs with higher fecal-oral but lower respiratory transmission potentials. […] A 2017 pangolin-CoV strain shows evidence of higher levels of attenuation and higher fecal-oral transmission associated with lower human infectivity via having lower NPID (44.8%). | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790510 | Risk for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to close contacts of infected persons has not been well estimated. […] To evaluate the risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to close contacts in different settings. […] Household contact was the main setting for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and the risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts increased with the severity of index cases. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790606 | Dental care includes aerosol-generating procedures that can increase viral transmission. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790655 | Undetected infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contributes to transmission in nursing homes, settings where large outbreaks with high resident mortality have occurred (1,2). | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790661 | To prevent outbreaks, more data are needed to identify sources of introduction and means of transmission within nursing homes. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790891 | We analysed suspected patients reported to the National Surveillance System that corresponded to the following case definition: patients with respiratory symptoms and fever, who travelled to regions with local or community transmission or who had close contact with a suspected or confirmed case. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790895 | (Loder, 2020) There is little doubt that, when facing a pandemic with a high speed of onset and transmission, “nobody should be surprised that errors were made” (Adebowale et al, 2020) and “what it was done some weeks ago is not what we would do today”. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32790940 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the characteristics of TDIs under the transmission control measures in Wuhan City utilizing an epidemiologic investigation. […] Other than that, there were characteristic changes in TDIs during the transmission control measures in the COVID-19 epidemic, which included the number of patients, age, time since injury to the clinic visit, etiology, tooth location and the type of TDI. […] The transmission control measures during the COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on the epidemiology and etiology of TDIs in Wuhan City. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32791077 | No evidence of vertical transmission was observed; 1 case of postnatal transmission occurred from an unmasked symptomatic mother who held her infant at birth. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32791255 | Transmission electron microscopy identified particles resembling coronaviruses in vacuoles or cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in proximal tubule cells. | 2020-08-14 |
| 32791994 | Prior studies have demonstrated that local socioeconomic and built environment characteristics may significantly contribute to viral transmission and incidence rates, thereby accounting for some of the spatial variation observed. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32791999 | The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 has caused widespread transmission around the world. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32792023 | Previous research on respiratory infection transmission among university students has primarily focused on influenza. […] In this study, we explore potential transmission events for multiple respiratory pathogens in a social contact network of university students. […] We considered a transmission event to have occurred if students were positive for the same pathogen and had a network connection within a 14-day period. […] Five viruses were involved in 18 transmission events (influenza A, parainfluenza virus 3, rhinovirus, coronavirus NL63, respiratory syncytial virus). […] Identified transmission events had contacts reported in small classes (33%), dormitory common areas (22%) and dormitory rooms (17%). […] These results suggest that targeting person-to-person interactions, through measures such as isolation and quarantine, could reduce transmission of respiratory infections on campus. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32792049 | In spite of alarming molecular evidence, documentation of interspecies transmission in livestock, and the emergence of two new and relatively virulent human coronaviruses within a 10-year period, many gaps remain in the study and understanding of this family of viruses. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32792562 | The ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already infected millions worldwide and, with no vaccine available, interventions to mitigate transmission are urgently needed. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32792769 | Performing procedures in the times of COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges such as risk of transmission to doctors and staff due to potential aerosolization, release of virus droplets during the procedures, and risk of virus transfer through the instruments both in the peri- and postoperative period. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32793246 | The transmission of the virus is mediated by human contact. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32793519 | This study argues the main concepts that need to be considered for the gradual reopening of dental offices include treatment planning approaches, fundamental elements needed to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in dental healthcare settings, personal protection equipment (PPE) for dental health care providers, environmental measures, adjunctive measures, and rapid point of care tests in dental offices. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32793693 | After February 3, 2020, family clustering transmission became the main mode of transmission. […] Family clustering transmission is currently the main model of transmission in children. […] Considering the mild symptoms in infected children, the possibility that children may be a source of the transmission should not be ignored. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32794346 | Thus, direct or indirect inter-species transmission from bats to humans is required for the viruses to cause pandemics. […] Receptor utilization is a key factor determining the host range of viruses which is critical to the inter-species transmission. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32794457 | This review reports on the transmission of SARS-COV-2 in Saudi Arabia and the proactive responses taken by the government, comparing the Saudi government’s actions and their effects with those of other countries. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32794459 | The present study employs Monte Carlo based transmission growth simulations for Italy, Germany and Turkey. […] The probabilities of transmission at home, work and social networks and the number of initial cases have been calibrated to match the basic reproduction number and the reported fatality curves. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32794461 | The literature on Pakistan has shown the evidence of human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission of viruses, the presence of antibodies of MERS-CoV in camels, and careless attitude towards preventive measures of such respiratory diseases. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32794462 | Our analysis suggests that relaxed travel restriction could play an important role to spread COVID-19 transmission domestically. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32794465 | The present communication emphasizes on a very pertinent issue of aerosol transmission, persistence and surface viability of novel SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-15 |
| 32795092 | Reducing nosocomial transmission within health care facilities is important, but the number of negative-pressure airborne infection isolation rooms for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is limited. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32795385 | We analyzed the likely roles of social distancing in reducing transmission. […] Our analysis indicated that although transmission might persist in some regions, epidemics can be suppressed with less extreme measures than those taken by China. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32795645 | Person-to-person transmission through infected respiratory droplets from patients with symptoms and asymptomatic carriers is the main mode of spread in the community. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32795798 | Some climatic factors have been shown to affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32795828 | Maternal and neonatal outcomes included C-section, premature birth, low birth weight, adverse pregnancy events and COVID transmission in neonates. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32795998 | Smartphone-based contact tracing apps can contribute to reducing COVID-19 transmission rates and thereby support countries emerging from lockdowns as restrictions are gradually eased. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32796006 | Our findings provide further evidence against the role of children in infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32796139 | Public health guidelines in many countries are suggesting that people stay at home to avoid human-to-human transmission of the virus, which may lead to reduced physical activity and greater feelings of isolation. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32796323 | The demographic characteristics and transmission dynamics of the community-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Taiwan were analysed for more effective control and prevention of the community transmission of this novel disease. […] Basic demographic characteristics, symptom presentation, infection source, route of identification, and transmission dynamics were analyzed. […] Protective measures such as social distancing, wearing face masks, and hand washing are mandatory to prevent community transmission. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32796794 | Transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has now rapidly spread around the world, which has alarming implications for individuals and communities, in particular for public mental health. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32796810 | There were 14 cluster outbreaks, and human-to-human transmission was the most common (78.6%). | 2020-08-16 |
| 32797067 | We consider three key factors that contribute to the effectiveness of wearing a quality mask in reducing the transmission risk, including the mask aerosol reduction rate, mask population coverage, and mask availability. […] Using the intervened viral transmission route by wearing a mask, we further model the impact of mask-wearing on the epidemic curve with increasing mask awareness and availability. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32797094 | The robust control of the COVID-19 outbreak further minimized the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital and local communities. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32797108 | Serological testing is needed to investigate the extent of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from front-line essential workers to their household members. […] Early analysis suggests a high rate of transmission among household members. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32797198 | Ocular symptoms may occur in the presymptomatic phase as a prodromal symptom (12.5%, 13/104 cases), suggesting the possibility of viral transmission from the conjunctiva. | 2020-08-16 |
| 32798094 | This review covers the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, symptomatology, modes of transmission, and current knowledge gaps related to epidemiology and outcomes for the obstetric population. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798098 | We report on a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak among adolescents at an inpatient behavioral health facility that was identified within 5 weeks of known viral transmission in the surrounding community. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798115 | There is increasing evidence for transmission by asymptomatic or presymptomatic adults and children. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798170 | Because of its virulence, there is a risk of transmission to healthcare workers if appropriate preventive measures are not taken. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798183 | The primary route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from human to human is through inhalation of respiratory droplets. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798237 | Of these, three studies reported on blood donors with COVID-19 infection identified after donation, and no cases of transfusion transmission were identified. […] Overall, the available evidence suggests that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by transfusion remains theoretical. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798244 | Infection with SARS-CoV2 does not spare pregnant women and the possibility of vertical transmission which might lead to fetal damages is pending. […] Marked placental expression of ACE2 provides a rationale for vertical transmission at cellular level. | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798323 | The presence of high SARS-Cov-2 viral loads in the upper airway, including the potential for aerosolized transmission of viral particles, has generated significant concern amongst otolaryngologists worldwide, particularly those performing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). | 2020-08-17 |
| 32798630 | Face touching is a common behavior and may have a role in COVID-19 transmission in the absence of hand hygiene. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32798701 | The purpose of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Mexico, given that it currently is in active community transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32798769 | In this review, we summarize the possible origin and transmission mode of CoVs and the current understanding on the viral genome integrity of known pandemic virus against SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32798858 | In the infectious disease epidemiology, the association between an independent factor and disease incidence (or death) counts may fail to infer the association with disease transmission (or mortality risk). | 2020-08-18 |
| 32798876 | We model the impact of restricting socioeconomic activities (SA) on the transmission of COVID-19 globally. […] Countries initiate public health measures to slow virus transmission, ranging from stringent quarantines including city lockdown to simpler social distancing recommendations. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32798884 | The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) severely threatens the public health worldwide, but the transmission mechanism and the effectiveness of mitigation measures remain uncertain. […] Here we assess the role of airborne transmission in spreading the disease and the effectiveness of face covering in preventing inter-human transmission for the top-fifteen infected U.S. states during March 1 and May 18, 2020. […] The linearity extends one to two months for the six states without mandated face covering and to the onset of mandated face covering for the other nine states with this measure, reflecting a dynamic equilibrium between first-order transmission kinetics and intervention. […] The inadequacy of social distancing and stay-at-home measures alone in preventing inter-human transmission is reflected by the continuous linear growth in the total infection curve after implementing these measures, which is mainly driven by airborne transmission. […] We conclude that airborne transmission and face covering play the dominant role in spreading the disease and flattening the total infection curve, respectively. […] Our findings provide policymakers and the public with compelling evidence that universal face covering, in conjunction with social distancing and hand hygiene, represents the maximal protection against inter-human transmission and the combination of these intervention measures with rapid and extensive testing as well as contact tracing is crucial in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32799101 | Environmental contamination by patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through respiratory droplets suggests that surfaces and equipment could be a medium of transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32799197 | The risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low in preterm infants born to COVID-19 mothers if appropriate management is implemented. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32799433 | Although bats have been suggested as the natural host of SARS-CoV-2, transmission chains of this virus, role of animals during cross-species transmission, and future concerns remain unclear. […] The current article comprehensively reviews and discusses the current understanding about animal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 for their emergence, transmission, zoonotic potential, alteration of tissue/host tropism, evolution, status of vaccines and surveillance. […] This study aims at providing guidance for control of COVID-19 and preventative strategies for possible future outbreaks of zoonotic coronavirus via cross-species transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32799596 | We advocate the inclusion of SNIs and ethanol oral rinses as additional measures to the current public health measures, to prevent and control the transmission of any respiratory infectious disease, including COVID-19. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32799712 | Interestingly, there was no evidence of vertical transmission or positive COVID-19 test result among expired neonates. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32799872 | The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has alarmed the world with its high rate of transmission and the ability to cause severe and fatal disease. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32800066 | We explored transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in severely ill patients and analysed the relationship between co-morbidity and mortality or the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care. […] We found that 7% of cases had an increased risk of in-hospital transmission, based on a 7-16 days delay in coronavirus testing. […] In all, 74% of the infection cases were of unknown source during the first weeks of the epidemic, which points to considerable community transmission and possibly pre- or asymptomatic transmission, also several weeks before 21 February 2020. none. not relevant after correspondence with the Ethics Committee of Region Zealand. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32800515 | The numbers of transplantations have plummeted as a result of fear of disease transmission, recipient coronavirus disease 2019 infection, priority shift, and resource limitations. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32800857 | We formulated a cost appraisal framework which evaluated the treatment costs averted from the prevention of secondary transmission in the hospital setting, as determined by a branching process infection model, and compared these to the costs of the additional testing required to meet the criteria. […] Outbreak control must be sustainable and effective; the proposed screening criteria should be considered to mitigate nosocomial transmission risk within healthcare facilities. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32800859 | Our study evaluates the effectiveness of different physical distancing measures in controlling viral transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32800895 | This suggests that an increase in person-to-person contact due to increased outing activities on a warm and/or sunny day might promote the transmission of COVID-19. […] Our findings suggest that weather has an indirect role in the transmission of COVID-19 and that daily adequate preventive behavior decreases the transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32801413 | The precautionary measures recommended by the scientific community to halt the fast transmission of the disease failed to prevent this contagious disease from becoming a pandemic for a whole host of reasons. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32801630 | Information on participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of clinical features of COVID-19, risk assessment and infection control measures for preventing disease transmission, and attitude towards treating patients with COVID-19 were collected. […] Most ophthalmologists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways to identify patients at risk of having the disease, correctly reported modes of transmission and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in the ophthalmic setup. […] Social media was the commonest source of information on COVID-19 (75%), and 38.2% were not provided with instructions on infection control plan to reduce transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32801737 | CoV infection mostly occurs during winter and spring in temperate countries; the virus has high transmission efficiency and may have severe infection outcomes. […] The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak exhibited transboundary transmission due to international transportation, trade, and economic exchange. […] This paper outlines the biological and epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of CoVs and describes the origin, transmission route, animal-source food risk, and control measures for CoVs. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32801800 | During the epidemic period of SARS-CoV-2 infection, when presenting patients with ageusia and anosmia, physicians should consider COVID-19 pneumonia as a differential diagnosis to achieve early identification, avoid the delayed diagnosis, and prevention of transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32801842 | MERS-CoV belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes a zoonotic disease, MERS, with strong camel to human and weak human to human transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32802447 | Possible interventions against the transmission are needed. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32802692 | Government recommendations and societal guidelines provide a framework for plastic surgeons to assess the elective nature of a surgical intervention and safety of resumption; however, a nuanced assessment must be made on local disease transmission, supply availability, and hospital capacity. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32803236 | Few reports exist in Latin America, a current epicenter of transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32803255 | This appears challenging in countries like Italy with intense SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32803555 | COVID-19 has changed life beyond recognition for millions of individuals, as countries implement social distancing measures to prevent disease transmission. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32804047 | A theoretical risk of transmission from the surgical field exists. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32805123 | Among patients, the most common result to choose a telemedicine appointment was to avoid the risk of COVID-19 transmission (84, 44.9%), though the minority reported that they would choose telemedicine after the pandemic (64, 34.2%). | 2020-08-18 |
| 32805566 | So, more evidence is required to determine the potential pathway of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 including airborne transmission. […] Therefore, we examined the potential aerosol transmission of the virus through hospital wards indoor air by confirmed COVID-19 patients on May 7, 2020. […] The results revealed the possibility of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 though more studies are required to determine the role of actual mechanisms such as cough, sneeze, normal breathing and speaking in the emission of airborne size carrier aerosols. | 2020-08-18 |
| 32806613 | The proposed model allows for a time variable functional form of both the transmission rate and the fraction of asymptomatic infectious individuals that become reported symptomatic individuals, to reflect public health interventions, towards the epidemy control. […] Then, public health interventions are simulated, aimed at evaluating the effects on the disease spreading, by acting on both the transmission rate and the fraction of the total number of the symptomatic infectious individuals, considering time variable exponential behaviors for these two parameters. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32806657 | SARS-CoV-2 transmission is mainly airborne via droplets generated by symptomatic patients, and possibly asymptomatic individuals during incubation of the disease, although for the latter, there are no certain data yet. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32806708 | The lack of a vaccine, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies, emphasize the need to develop new strategies to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis. […] Specifically, we have focused on various aspects, including host species, organotropism, transmission, clinical disease, pathogenesis, control and therapy, MHV as a model for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as mouse models for infection with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32807244 | Different countries have adopted strategies for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 since the declaration of community transmission by the World Health Organization (WHO) and timely diagnosis has been considered one of the major obstacles for surveillance and healthcare. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32807535 | These outbreaks share many similarities, including clinical presentation, transmission, and management. […] Because of this phenomenon, there is a theoretical risk of fecal-oral transmission and the potential spread of the disease. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32807570 | LUS may help in early diagnosis, therapeutic decisions and follow-up monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly in the critical care setting and in pregnant women, children and patients in areas with high rates of community transmission. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32807805 | Combination of these properties in one filter will lead to the production of an effective device, comprehensibly mitigating infection transmission globally. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32808094 | Real-time mapping of new infections across the globe has revealed that variable transmission patterns and pathogenicity are associated with differences in SARS-CoV-2 lineages, clades, and strains. […] Thus, we reviewed how changes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome and its structural architecture affect viral replication, immune evasion, and transmission within different human populations. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32808303 | Minimizing endoscopist exposure to bodily fluids is important for reducing the risk of infection transmission. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32808834 | In March 2020, at the outset of the current pandemic, ESOPRS issued detailed advice on the appropriate procedures that practicing oculoplastic surgeons should consider to limit the transmission of COVID-19, with this information updated in April 2020. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32809211 | To the best of our knowledge there is only limited and contradictory evidence concerning SARS-CoV-2 transmission through other routes. […] Importantly, the eye may constitute not only a potential site of virus replication but also an alternative transmission route of the virus from the ocular surface to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. […] It is therefore imperative to gain a better insight into the potential ophthalmological transmission route of the virus and establish directions on best practice and future models of care for ophthalmological patients. […] This review article critically evaluates available evidence on the ophthalmological mode of viral transmission and the value of earlier identification of the virus on the eye. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32810408 | Transmission is primarily spread through direct, indirect (through contaminated objects or surfaces), or close contact with infected people via respiratory droplets, the mouth, and/or nose secretions. […] Pregnant women are affected more adversely with viral illnesses, although evidence of vertical transmission of COVID-19 is controversial. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32810844 | Secondly, treatment planning has needed to take into account the risk to patients and/or staff of nosocomial transmission of the virus. | 2020-08-19 |
| 32811406 | Pioneering research on molecular mechanisms underlying the viral transmission, molecular pathogenicity, and potential treatments will be highlighted in this review. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32811577 | Principal conclusions: The results presented here suggest that high temperatures might dampen SARS-CoV-2 propagation, while lower temperatures might increase its transmission. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32811800 | A detailed retrospective investigation in the form of one-to-one interview was carried out with 16 recovered individuals to understand the transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics. […] The findings showed that the cluster transmission occurred at three levels: first was direct contact with the index case which resulted in two secondary cases. […] The funeral acted as a super-spreader event for the transmission of infection among family members, relatives and others. […] Asymptomatic carriers and super-spreader events are among the major challenges in the control and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Early testing, quarantine and social distancing may play key role in breaking the chain of transmission. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32811936 | The intention of the protocol is to describe practical techniques to minimise potential viral load and reduce risk of COVID-19 transmission when AGPs are instigated. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32812030 | SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infections may play a critical role in disease transmission. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32812389 | However, their role in circulation and transmission of both endemic and emerging disease is a source of concern in a region considered a hotspot of disease emergence. […] This is generally considered to increase the risk of disease transmission and emergence, although whether or not wildlife vendors themselves have indeed increased incidence of zoonotic disease has rarely been assessed. […] Personal risk discounting and assumptions about transmission routes may explain this lack of association. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32812534 | For COVID-19 it was shown that transmission can occur via droplets and aerosols that can remain in the air for some hours and also via contaminated surfaces. […] Ongoing transmission is especially difficult to prevent when the pathogen can be transmitted during the incubation period before the patient experiences symptoms. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32812714 | These additional patients may lead to the risk of viral transmission to other patients and medical teams. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32813286 | The very rapid global spread has raised the issue whether there are further multi-dimensional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human behavior, the key of its transmission. […] In this perspective, we highlight the possibility that COVID-19 is facilitated by altered human social behavior that benefits SARS-CoV-2 transmission, through showcasing similar virus-induced changed behavior by other pathogens and relating this to reports from the gray literature. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32813692 | Dental offices are among the highest risk for transmission of the COVID-19, having the potential to transmit the virus via routine dental procedures. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32814095 | It is therefore imperative to monitor the QT interval during treatment; however, conventional approaches to such monitoring increase the transmission risk for the staff and strain the health system. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32814369 | Low testosterone and dihydrotestosterone with raised luteinizing hormone has been reported as well as preterm delivery in pregnant women; however, data regarding vertical transmission remains contradictory and inconclusive. | 2020-08-20 |
| 32814572 | We assess the efficacy of the cordon sanitaire to delay the introduction and onset of local transmission of COVID-19 in other major cities in mainland China. […] We find that in the four cities, given the potentially high prevalence of COVID-19 in Wuhan between December 2019 and early January 2020, local transmission may have been seeded as early as 1-8 January 2020. […] Our results indicate that sustained transmission was likely occurring several weeks prior to the implementation of the cordon sanitaire in four major cities of mainland China and that the observed decrease in incidence was likely attributable to other non-pharmaceutical, transmission-reducing interventions. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32814575 | In China, a major reason for the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 in early stage of the outbreak is the huge numbers of passengers boarding their “last train home” to meet family members during the Spring Festival. […] In order to reduce the risk of the COVID-19 transmission, public transportation networks were suspended, and many migrant workers who returned to their hometowns needed to be quarantined for 2 weeks, which led to the delay of returning back to cities to work. […] Many businesses have temporarily closed because of the risk of COVID-19 transmission, leading to unemployment of many workers. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32814591 | Challenged by this serious situation, China has taken many measures to contain its transmission. […] China’s practices are effective in controlling transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32814822 | We propose a time-varying sparse vector autoregressive (VAR) model to retrospectively analyze and visualize the dynamic transmission routes of this outbreak in mainland China over January 31-February 19, 2020. […] Our results demonstrate that the influential inter-location routes from Hubei have become unidentifiable since February 4, 2020, whereas the self-transmission in each provincial-level administrative region (location, hereafter) was accelerating over February 4-15, 2020. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32814994 | Thorough swabbing is becoming an increasing approach to fight COVID-19 transmission, particularly among asymptomatic subjects, who are thought to represent the majority of potentially-contacting people. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32815148 | Dermatologic laser and energy-based device (EBD) treatments carry a potential risk for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 both for the patient and the practitioner. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32815493 | Frequent handwashing and social distancing will be critical to reduce transmission. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32816114 | In our opinion, undetected transmission of SARS-CoV‑2 had been ongoing in Ischgl prior to the first laboratory confirmed cases. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32816307 | The rate of iatrogenic preterm birth and cesarean delivery is high; vertical transmission may be possible but has not been proved. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32816316 | The first identification of autochthonous transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy was documented by the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies of L. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32817223 | Coronaviruses have caused a number of major epidemics in humans and animals, including the current pandemic of COVID-19 that has brought renewed focus on evolution and interspecies transmission of coronaviruses. […] Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), which was recently identified in piglets in southern China, is an alphacoronavirus that originates from the same genus of horseshoe bats as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), and was reported to be capable of infecting cells from broad range of species, suggesting a considerable potential for interspecies transmission. […] SADS-CoV is a pathogenic alphacoronavirus responsible for large-scale outbreak of fatal disease in pigs that was reported to be capable of interspecies transmission. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32817597 | Broad-based testing can provide a more accurate assessment of prevalence and generate data to help control transmission (4). | 2020-08-21 |
| 32817602 | Examining county-level data disaggregated by race/ethnicity can help identify health disparities in COVID-19 cases and inform strategies for preventing and slowing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32817606 | On May 7, 2020, CDC, with other federal agencies, began identifying counties with increasing COVID-19 incidence (hotspots) to better understand transmission dynamics and offer targeted support to health departments in affected communities. […] Identification of community transmission as a contributing factor increased over time, whereas identification of outbreaks in long-term care facilities, food processing facilities, correctional facilities, or other workplaces as contributing factors decreased. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32817662 | An age-stratified deterministic mathematical model that describes SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics was applied to 159 countries and territories with a population ≥1 million. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32817714 | Without a vaccine, behavior change is the most effective means of reducing disease transmission. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32818261 | Unraveling the dynamic structural features used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal novel therapeutic targets. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32818515 | The community lockdown measures implemented in the United States from late March to late May of 2020 resulted in a significant reduction in the community transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the country. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32818801 | The occurrence of trans-placental transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains highly debated. […] We provide first-time evidence for maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2, likely propagated by circulating virus-infected fetal mononuclear cells. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32818852 | The outbreak was traced to a seafood wholesale market and human to human transmission was confirmed. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32819043 | This causes many people to come into contact with the pump handle, which increases the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-08-21 |
| 32819456 | Most of them were not in the COVID-19 team or did not receive any training, working under immense physical and psychological stress of being exposed to transmission of infection. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32819483 | Teleproctoring can be used successfully in performing challenging and innovative structural heart interventions using sophisticated technology that allows real-time bidirectional audiovisual communication with digital transmission of live videos and direct observation of the operative field by a remote proctor. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32819712 | Such times warrant resource prioritization and to continue treatment with best available evidence, thereby reducing the risk of COVID-2019 transmission in times where the workforce is reduced. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32819725 | However, there is limited information on how COVID-19 impacts the fetus and whether vertical transmission occurs. […] While these knowledge gaps are addressed, it is important to recognize the highly efficient transmission characteristics of SARS-C0V-2 and its potential for causing serious disease in vulnerable individuals, including health care workers. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32819955 | Outpatient fever clinics (FCs), instituted during the SARS epidemic in 2003, were upgraded to serve for COVID-19 screening and prevention of disease transmission in large tertiary hospitals in China. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32820074 | It is imperative to advance our understanding of heterogeneities in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 such as age-specific infectiousness and superspreading. […] In this paper, we formulate an individual-level spatiotemporal mechanistic framework to integrate individual surveillance data with geolocation data and aggregate mobility data, enabling a more granular understanding of the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. […] Our results improve our understanding of the natural history and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32820333 | With growing evidence of inhalation of small infectious particles as an important mode of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, workplace risk assessments should focus on eliminating or minimizing such exposures by applying the hierarchy of controls. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32820715 | We report three clusters related with potential pre-symptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between January and February 2020 in Shanghai, China. […] The study provides empirical evidence for transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period and indicates that pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission can occur following sufficient exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases. […] The potential pre-symptomatic person-to-person transmission puts forward higher requirements for prevention and control measures. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32820801 | To better understand the development and transmission of COVID-19, unveiling the signaling pathways that may be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, at the molecular and cellular levels, is of crucial importance. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32820884 | In the study, attention was paid to the currently known neurological manifestations of COVID-19 so that they could be considered mainly in COVID-19 asymptomatic patients, which may limit the transmission of coronavirus infection. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821538 | While students gave good responses regarding the standard measures they take to protect against transmission of COVID-19, their knowledge and attitudes about the extra measures they can take should be improved. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821548 | In India, Kannur district was identified as the first “hotspot” of virus transmission and a “triple-lockdown” was implemented for a span of twenty days from 20 April 2020. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821623 | Recommended modifications to practice to reduce COVID-19 transmission risk, both to patients and healthcare workers in each centre, are described. […] Conclusion Breast cancer surgery, in selected groups and with meticulous adherence to measures designed to reduce COVID-19 transmission, does not appear to be associated with elevated risk to patients or healthcare workers. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821637 | Large cohort studies should be conducted to determine prevalence of asymptomatic infection and risk of transmission from asymptomatic infection in children and adults over time. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821648 | The WHO recommended social distancing and human-to-human contact was discouraged to control the transmission. […] The local professional football leagues, governed by the Hong Kong Football Association, ultimately postponed all matches after much deliberation on the transmission risk for the spectators and on-field players. […] A small sample of video footage of professional football players were analysed to track each players’ time of close body contact and frequency of infection-risky behaviours to investigate the risk of virus transmission during football games.To investigate the physiological effect of wearing a facemask during exercise, we conducted a controlled laboratory, within-subject, repeated measures study of 23 healthy volunteers of various sporting backgrounds. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821661 | The possible routes of transmission and their zoonotic potentialities are the subjects of intense research. […] This review article aims to overview the link of all these three deadly coronaviruses among animals along with their phylogenic evolution and cross-species transmission. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32821935 | There is urgent need to understand the dynamics and risk factors driving ongoing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during shelter-in-place mandates. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822289 | We conducted a cohort study in a controlled environment to measure asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on a flight from Italy to South Korea. […] Our results suggest that stringent global regulations are necessary for the prevention of transmission of this virus on aircraft. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822290 | This study shows that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infectious in closed settings, that subclinical infection is common, and that close contact is key for transmission. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822393 | Genomic epidemiology can provide a unique, real-time understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822426 | Receptor recognition and fusion are critical and essential steps of viral infections and are key determinants of the viral host range and cross-species transmission. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822473 | A significant rise of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Arizona in June 2020 prompted the need to evaluate potential dispersion to other regions in the United States. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822577 | We aimed to investigate the potential impact of different testing and isolation strategies on transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] We developed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission based on infectiousness and PCR test sensitivity over time since infection. […] If all individuals with symptoms compatible with COVID-19 self-isolated and self-isolation was 100% effective in reducing onwards transmission, self-isolation of symptomatic individuals would result in a reduction in R of 47% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 32-55). […] Weekly screening of health-care workers and other high-risk groups irrespective of symptoms by use of PCR testing is estimated to reduce their contribution to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by 23% (95% UI 16-40), on top of reductions achieved by self-isolation following symptoms, assuming results are available at 24 h. […] Molecular testing can play an important role in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, especially among health-care workers and other high-risk groups, but no single strategy will reduce R below 1 at current levels of population immunity. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32822927 | As public health teams respond to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), containment and understanding of the modes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is of utmost importance for policy making. […] However, there is no agreement on the role of aerosol transmission for SARS-CoV-2. […] To this end, we aimed to review the evidence of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Several studies support that aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is plausible, and the plausibility score (weight of combined evidence) is 8 out of 9. […] Precautionary control strategies should consider aerosol transmission for effective mitigation of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-22 |
| 32823907 | Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the Romanian epidemic started with multiple introduction events from other European countries followed by local transmission. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32824030 | Hence, to elucidate COVID-19 transmission dynamics with respect to the NPI status-e.g., social distancing-this study conducted spatio-temporal analysis using the prospective scanning statistic at district and sub-district levels in Bangladesh and its capital, Dhaka city, respectively. […] Lately, the central and south eastern regions in Bangladesh have been exhibiting a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] The detected space-time progression of COVID-19 infection suggests that Bangladesh has experienced a community-level transmission at the early phase (i.e., March, 2020), primarily introduced by Bangladeshi citizens returning from coronavirus epicenters in Europe and the Middle East. […] Novel insights into the COVID-19 transmission dynamics derived in this study on Bangladesh provide important policy guidelines for early preparations and pragmatic NPI measures to effectively deal with infectious diseases in resource-scarce countries worldwide. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32824272 | Genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is increasingly important to monitor the transmission and adaptive evolution of the virus. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32824573 | Phylogenetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes can be used to trace the path of transmission within a hospital. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32825303 | The airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still debated. […] Original studies (both observational and experimental researches) written in English and with no limit on time, on the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses that were associated with outbreaks, were included. […] In conclusion, there is sufficient evidence of the airborne transmission of coronaviruses in previous Asian outbreaks, and this has been taken into account in the guidelines released by organizations and international agencies for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32825563 | The actual role of children in virus transmission remains unclear. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826081 | With this evidence in mind, it appears that strict postnatal care policies, including separating mothers and newborns, discouraging breastfeeding, and performing early bathing, may be more likely to adversely impact newborns than they are to reduce the low risk of maternal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or the even lower risk of severe COVID-19 disease in otherwise healthy newborns. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826162 | From a review of the literature, it seems that there is currently no evidence of sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, the possibility of virus-induced testis damage and dysfunction cannot be excluded. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826332 | These results suggest that testing was a major limiting factor in assessing the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during its initial invasion of the United States. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826334 | The main receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is now undergoing extensive scrutiny to understand the routes of transmission and sensitivity in different species. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826650 | Both corneal and conjunctival epithelia express ACE2, DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR, and TMPRSS2, suggesting that the ocular surface is a potential route for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] The risk of viral transmission with corneal transplantation cannot be ruled out, given the presence of ACE2 in corneal epithelium and endothelium. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826719 | Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed SARS-CoV-2 because they are critical in preventing viral transmission and treating COVID-19 patients. […] After the implementation of containment measures, viral transmission was stopped. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32826846 | Healthcare workers must utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection control prevention techniques given the high risk of transmission and potential morbidity associated with COVID-19. […] With the appropriate systems in place, this method of evaluating the patient helped to limit clinician exposure, decrease risk of transmission to key personnel, and assisted with preserving PPE supplies. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827020 | However, the extent of asymptomatic infection in children and the role they play in community transmission is still undetermined. […] Although there are case reports of neonates infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, vertical transmission from infected mother to new-born is yet to be proven. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827296 | Overall empirical results show that temperature may not be a determinant to induce COVID-19 spread in Spain, while the rising temperature may reduce the virus transmission. […] However, the correlation and regression findings illustrate that air quality may speed up the transmission rate of COVID-19. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827313 | Based on epidemiological correlations, we link up that BCG vaccination adopted by different countries might influence the SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns and/or COVID-19 associated mortality through the vaccine’s capacity to confer heterologous protection. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827582 | This review summarizes the current understanding of the transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, rationale to treat the cancer or not, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 with an emphasis on implications in cancer. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827715 | A nightclub was a transmission hotspot; 27.7% (26/94) of one night’s visitors were found positive. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827728 | Changes in encounter characteristics, viral testing patterns, and air pollution before and after Mar 17, 2020, the date public health interventions to limit viral transmission were enacted in Philadelphia, were assessed and compared with data from 2015 to 2019 as a historical reference. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827813 | This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. […] Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through air- and water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. […] Learning from the earlier coronavirus studies, including SARS and MERS, an attempt has been made to understand the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside of the host body and discuss the probable air and water-borne transmission routes and its interactions with the outside environment. […] The present work 1) Helps appreciate the role of PM, its chemical constituents and surface characteristics and 2) Further identifies gaps in this field and suggests possible domains to work upon for better understanding of transmission and survival of this novel coronavirus. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32827932 | Standardized management is also recommended for the discharge of the patients to avoid potential fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-08-23 |
| 32828864 | Environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 may be a route of viral transmission. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32828865 | This study evaluated transmission of infection from a symptomatic patient with COVID-19 to 60 HCWs exposed ≤2 m for ≥15 minutes, or during aerosol generating procedures. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829048 | Transmission of highly pathogenic viruses from bats has been suspected and linked to a spectrum of emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals worldwide. […] Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the diversity, reservoirs, and geographical distribution of the main bat viruses and their potential for cross-species transmission. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829053 | It is now clear that person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been occurring and that the virus has been dramatically growing in recent months. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829124 | The human infection risk could be extremely high due to length of exposure time window, transmission routes and structural characteristics during travel or work. […] Based on the transmission characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the nature of public transport sites, we identified comprehensive countermeasures toward the prevention and control of COVID-19, including the strengthening of personnel management, personal protection, environmental cleaning and disinfection, and health education. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829224 | New studies provide information of the role of the environment in COVID-19 transmission process, mortality related to this infectious disease and the impact on human health. […] The following review aims to analyze information on the implications of COVID-19 infection on human health and the impact of its presence on the environment, from its transmission capacity and the role of air pollutants and climatological factors to reducing the air pollution during confinement. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829257 | Environmental factors play a key role in the zoonotic transmission of emerging pathogenic viruses as mankind is constantly disturbing wildlife’s ecosystems usually by cutting down forests to build human settlements or by catching wild animals for food, which deprives the viruses of their natural hosts and gives them opportunity to infect humans. […] This review presents an overview of the zoonotic transmission of SARS, MERS and COVID-19, focusing on the viral, host and environmental factors that favor the spillover of these viruses into humans, as well as the biological and ecological factors that make bats the perfect animal reservoir of infection for these viruses. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829260 | Our findings do not support the hypothesis that higher temperatures will reduce transmission of COVID-19 and warns the public not to lose vigilance and to continue practicing safety measures such as hand washing, social distancing, and use of facial masks despite the warming climates. | 2020-08-24 |
| 32829607 | For effective resistance to virus attack and infection and reducing virus transmission chance, it is extremely important for the medical staff and related workers to have their own safe protection. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32829732 | This study aimed to analyse the trend and spatial-temporal clusters of risk of transmission of COVID-19 in northeastern Brazil. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32829737 | Rapid detection and isolation of COVID-19 patients is the only means of reducing hospital transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32829745 | The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), progresses globally, and means to reduce the transmission are needed. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32829956 | We also describe our practices in extended use and reuse of PPE in light of the current understanding of the virus characteristics and modes of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32830110 | We discuss that high-quality, secure, affordable and user-friendly telemedical platforms should be integrated into global healthcare systems to help decrease the transmission of the virus and protect healthcare providers from infection. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32830154 | Quarantine following contact tracking with risk stratification is effective in preventing transmission, and the essentials of medical surveillance include monitoring different types of symptoms, delegation of supervision, and continuation of surveillance regardless of the RT-PCR results. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32830469 | It resulted in a worldwide pandemic, and spread through community transmission in the Republic of Korea (ROK). | 2020-08-25 |
| 32830564 | Community members’ concerns have mounted as social and health services in the area have decreased, and early efforts to prevent the transmission of coronavirus did not adequately address the lack of access to handwashing stations and hand sanitizing products. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32830930 | Cross-species zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has caused severe pathogenicity and led to more than 655,000 fatalities worldwide until July 28, 2020. […] In this review, we compile our current knowledge of the emergence, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and explore several features of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32831142 | A novel COVID-19 transmission dynamic model incorporating the intervention measures implemented in China is proposed. […] We parameterize the model by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and estimate the control reproduction number (Rc), as well as the effective daily reproduction ratio- Re(t), of the disease transmission in the mainland of China excluding Hubei province. […] The estimation outcomes indicate that Rc is 3.36 (95% CI: 3.20-3.64) and Re(t) has dropped below 1 since 31 January 2020, which implies that the containment strategies implemented by the Chinese government in the mainland of China are indeed effective and magnificently suppressed COVID-19 transmission. […] Moreover, our results show that relieving personal protection too early may lead to a prolonged disease transmission period and more people would be infected, and may even cause a second wave of epidemic or outbreaks. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32831176 | A key unknown for SARS-CoV-2 is how asymptomatic infections contribute to transmission. […] We used a transmission model with asymptomatic and presymptomatic states, calibrated to data on disease onset and test frequency from the Diamond Princess cruise ship outbreak, to quantify the contribution of asymptomatic infections to transmission. […] Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections may contribute substantially to transmission. […] Control measures, and models projecting their potential impact, need to look beyond the symptomatic cases if they are to understand and address ongoing transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32831538 | The transport and fate of human expiratory droplets play a key role in the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32831931 | The rate of COVID-19 in children is lower than adults; however, due to high transmission rate, the number of reported cases in children has been increasing. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32831961 | Due to human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, nuclear medicine staffs also cannot escape the risk of infection from workplaces. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32832200 | There is currently no surveillance system established to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to guide policy decision making to protect the MCH population in this pandemic. […] The surveillance system encapsulates data at the individual and community levels to inform stakeholders, policy makers, health officials and the general public about SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics within the MCH population. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32832388 | Thus, the recent decision by governors of states in northern Nigeria to deport Almajirai (itinerant Islamic school pupils) from their states as part of efforts to contain COVID-19 transmission is likely to have a serious backlash. […] With hundreds of Almajirai testing positive to COVID-19, and millions of others untested, they constitute ubiquitous nodes of transmission. […] Their deportation has created multiple emigration channels that constitute prospective feeders to covert community transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32832527 | The implementation of public health measures during the #COVID19 pandemic may also help to reduce transmission of respiratory illnesses such as influenza https://bit.ly/2BmysRJ. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32832908 | Routes of transmission differ, but the respiratory droplet or airborne route has the greatest potential to disrupt social intercourse, while being amenable to prevention by the humble face mask. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32832926 | The risks of COVID-19 transmission and potential increased surgical morbidity must be weighed up against the patient’s ongoing symptoms and quality of life. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32833029 | In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainties around risk of transmission, urgent hospital resuscitation (also known as “Code Blue”) efforts are needed, pivoting to protect health care workers. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32833660 | Additionally, it may decrease the number of hospital visits and admissions, thereby reducing the use of scarce resources, optimizing health care capacity, and minimizing the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32833770 | Here we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, transmission, and symptoms of the virus. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32833779 | COVID-19 created an environment that required rapid implementation of procedures and processes to minimize transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32833833 | In conclusion, measures like sufficient theoretical training and protection upgrading for medical staff, continuous improvement on the understanding of COVID-19 characteristics and transmission routes, formulation of strict department management system, monitoring of patients and their families, could effectively deal with the epidemic situation in the neurosurgery department. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834133 | To understand and compare these events, epidemiological and economic models are linked to capture the transmission of a pandemic from regional populations to regional economies and then across regional economies. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834193 | Adopting regional anesthesia mitigates adverse effects in the post-operative period and provides safety to patients and teams, as long as there is compliance with individual protection and interpersonal transmission care measures. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834301 | The report’s concern with the urban character of the pandemic has underlined the role of cities in disease transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834502 | This review summarizes the possible transmission ways of COVID-19 through the foods, food supply chain, surfaces, and environment before exploring the development of corresponding detection tools of SARS-CoV-2. […] For the time being, the possibility of transmission through the food sector is considered negligible, and tracing of SARS-CoV-2 in working environments is not considered as a priority by public authorities. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834509 | Pandemics such as COVID-19 have posed several questions on safe building usage, given the risk of disease transmission among building occupants. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834511 | We provide research findings on the physics of aerosol and droplet dispersion relevant to the hypothesized aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the current pandemic. […] We utilize physics-based modeling at different levels of complexity, along with previous literature on coronaviruses, to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834515 | With the 2019 emergence of coronavirus disease 19 (colloquially called COVID-19) came renewed public concern about airborne and aerosolized virus transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834573 | Using an established epidemiological model augmented with a time-varying disease transmission rate allows daily model calibration using COVID-19 case data from countries around the world. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834574 | This paper proposes a three-phase Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Dead (3P-SIRD) model to calculate an optimal lockdown period for some specific geographical regions that will be favorable to break not only the transmission chain but also will help country’s economy to recover and support infrastructure in a fight against COVID-19. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834575 | We design a multi-scale model that simulates the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. […] The model considers both mechanisms of direct and indirect transmission. […] We show that panic situations increase the risk of infection transmission in crowds despite social distancing measures. […] Next, we reveal that pre-symptomatic transmission accelerates the onset of the exponential growth of cases. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834577 | To examine the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, we investigate the spread of this pandemic using Malaysia as a case study and scrutinise its interactions with some exogenous factors such as limited medical resources and false detection problems. […] We discover some contrasting findings with respect to the observations of basic reproduction number: while it is observed that R0 seems to provide a good description of transmission dynamics in simple outbreak scenarios, this quantity might mislead the assessment on the severity of pandemic when certain complexities such as limited medical resources and false detection problems are incorporated into the model. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834580 | The model results revealed that 1) the transmission, infection and recovery dynamics follow the integral-order SEIR model with significant spatiotemporal variations in the recovery rate, likely due to the continuous improvement of screening techniques and public hospital systems, as well as full city lockdowns in China, and 2) the evolution of number of deaths follows the time FDE, likely due to the time memory in the death toll. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834583 | Moreover, understanding the nature of COVID-19 and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 request more investigation of the real effect of weather variables on the transmission of the COVID-19 among people. […] The machine learning algorithms employed in this work estimate the impact of weather variables such as temperature and humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 by extracting the relationship between the number of confirmed cases and the weather variables on certain regions. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834586 | Finally, we propose and simulate a strategy of controlled natural immunization through risk-based population compartmentalization (PC) wherein the population is divided in Low Risk (LR) and High Risk (HR) compartments based on risk factors (like comorbidities and age) and subjected to different disease transmission dynamics by isolating the HR compartment while allowing the LR compartment to develop natural immunity. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834589 | During the transmission of COVID-19, the hospital isolation of patients with mild symptoms has been a concern. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834596 | The first class includes white nose based transmission rate (termed as susceptible individuals), the second one pertains to the infected population having the same perturbation occurrence and the last one isolated (quarantined) individuals. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834599 | We construct a fine-grained transmission dynamics model to forecast the crucial information of public concern, therein using dynamical coefficients to quantify the impact of the implement schedule and intensity of the containment policies on the spread of epidemic. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834601 | In this paper, a new Susceptible-Exposed-Symptomatic Infectious-Asymptomatic Infectious-Quarantined-Hospitalized-Recovered-Dead (SEIDIUQHRD) deterministic compartmental model has been proposed and calibrated for interpreting the transmission dynamics of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). […] Moreover, Latin hypercube sampling-partial rank correlation coefficient (LHS-PRCC) which is a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) method has been applied to quantify the uncertainty of our model mechanisms, which elucidates that for Russia, the recovery rate of undetected asymptomatic carriers, the rate of getting home-quarantined or self-quarantined and the transition rate from quarantined class to susceptible class are the most influential parameters, whereas the rate of getting home-quarantined or self-quarantined and the inverse of the COVID-19 incubation period are highly sensitive parameters in Brazil, India, Bangladesh and the United Kingdom which could significantly affect the transmission dynamics of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834604 |
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2020-08-25 |
| 32834618 | In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to explore the transmission dynamics and possible control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, one of the Asian countries with a high burden of disease with more than 200,000 confirmed infected cases so far. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834620 | In the absence of neither an effective treatment or vaccine and with an incomplete understanding of the epidemiological cycle, Govt. has implemented a nationwide lockdown to reduce COVID-19 transmission in India. […] Finally, combining our results, we provided an effective lockdown policy to reduce future COVID-19 transmission in India. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834629 | Although, human to human transmission dynamics has been established, not much research is done on the dynamics of the virus in the environment and the role human play by releasing the virus into the environment. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834632 | Two datasets namely confirmed cases (CC) and death cases (DC) were taken into consideration to estimate, how transmission varied in these countries between January 2020 and May 2020. […] The proposed model predicted that the transmission of COVID-19 in China is declining since late March 2020; in Singapore, France, Italy, Germany and Spain the curve has stagnated; in case of Canada, South Africa, Iran and Turkey the number of cases are rising slowly; whereas for USA, UK, Brazil, Russia and Mexico the rate of increase is very high and control measures need to be taken to stop the chains of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834636 | In the present investigation a fractional model based on Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative has been developed for the transmission of CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) in Wuhan China. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834640 | Thus, data-driven analysis will provide deep insights into the study of transmission of this viral genome estimation towards immensely affected countries. […] Also, the study with the help of transmission concern aims to eradicate the panic and stigma that has spread like wildfire and has become a significant part of this pandemic in these times. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834647 | Mathematical models may help to explore the transmission dynamics, prediction and control of COVID-19 in the absence of an appropriate medication or vaccine. […] In this study, we consider a mathematical model on COVID-19 transmission with the imperfect lockdown effect. […] It is observed that the system undergoes backward bifurcation which is a new observation for COVID-19 disease transmission model. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834649 | A sensibility analysis is performed to determine the relative importance of the model parameters to the disease transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834653 | In this study, we propose a compartmental mathematical model to predict and control the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic in India with epidemic data up to April 30, 2020. […] We conduct a sensitivity analysis in our coronavirus model to determine the relative importance of model parameters to disease transmission. […] We compute the sensitivity indices of the reproduction number R0 (which quantifies initial disease transmission) to the estimated parameter values. […] Our model simulation demonstrates that the disease transmission rate βs is more effective to mitigate the basic reproduction number R0. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834815 | Taking this into account, in the present work, we have analysed a Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission fractional-order COVID-19 model for simulating the potential transmission with the thought of individual response and control measures by the government. […] The impacts of various biological parameters on transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is investigated. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834818 | Whereas the obtained results show the effectiveness of the theoretical method considered for the governing system, the results also present much light on the dynamic behavior of the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network coronavirus model. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834932 | As a high infectious pathogen, the existence of SARS-CoV-2 in public space is very important for its transmission. […] This study has clarified retention of SARS-CoV-2 in different sites of hospital, suggesting that it is necessary to monitor and disinfect the SARS-CoV-2 in hospital environment during COVID-19 pandemic, and will help to prevent the iatrogenic infection and nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and to better protect the HCWs. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834934 | Understanding this mechanism will be very useful to take the necessary steps to reduce the rate of transmission by initiating corrective measures and maintaining the required conditions in the indoor built environment. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834937 | The distance index Pd can be obtained by theoretical analysis on droplet distribution and transmission from human respiration activities, and the ventilation index Ez represents the system-dependent air distribution efficiency in a space. […] The study indicated that 1.6-3.0 m (5.2-9.8 ft) is the safe social distance when considering aerosol transmission of exhaled large droplets from talking, while the distance can be up to 8.2 m (26 ft) if taking into account of all droplets under calm air environment. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834981 | Transmission of COVID-19 to humans by zoonosis reveals that the global community is required to be observant concerning similar pandemics in the future. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32834991 | The known route of transmission is due to direct contact or via respiratory droplets. […] The present study reviewed the presence of coronavirus in wastewater and investigations relating to WBE development as a tool to detect COVID-19 community transmission. […] The application of WBE is still in a preliminary stage but has the potential to indicate an early sign of transmission. […] The knowledge of persistence of coronavirus in municipal and hospital wastewater is needed for the application of WBE and to understand the chances of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835001 | Currently, RT-PCR is being used worldwide for the detection of this virus with human to human transmission. […] Considering the other approach, that is, microfluidics-based biosensor, though being a non-invasive method, will be restricting virus transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835005 | To monitor the global transmission pattern of SARS-CoV-2, it is required to constantly update the phylogenetic tree of genomic sequences with 29.9 kb, which may be time consuming. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835041 | The data will help in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 among breast cancer patients and can support for health education and promotion interventions. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835043 | Overall, our study suggests that cloth face coverings, especially with multiple layers, may help reduce droplet transmission of respiratory infections. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835054 | COVID-19 pandemic has ultimately brought down the world in a status of standstill as a result of lockdown as one of the measures to combat the situation and to prevent cross transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835057 | Containment, social distancing and isolation measures have been implemented to limit viral transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835073 | Firstly, a literature survey is done on COVID-19 highlighting a number of factors including its origin, its similarity with previous coronaviruses, its transmission capacity, its symptoms, etc. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835075 | Since then, many countries have experienced the rapid transmission of this respiratory disease among their populations and have exercised many strategies to mitigate the spread of this disease. […] The prediction of the transmission dynamics serves important roles in designing mitigation strategies. […] The objective of this study is to develop a transmission dynamics predictor that takes advantage of the time differences among many countries with respect to transmission of this disease, in that some countries experienced earlier outbreaks than others. […] The primary novelty of the proposed method is that, unlike many existing transmission predictors that require parameters based on prior knowledge of the epidemiology of past viruses, the proposed method only requires the transmission similarities between countries in the publicly available data for this current disease. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835081 | Besides, the transmission of COVID-19 between human agents was simulated based on the SEIRD model, and finally, all control strategies applied in Urmia city along with corresponding actions of each control strategy were implemented in the ABM. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835146 | Finally, we simulate the COVID-19 transmission with non-Markovian processes and show how these models produce different epidemic trajectories, compared to those obtained with Markov processes. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835199 | In this modelling study, we used anonymous and aggregated mobile phone sightings data to build a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered transmission model for COVID-19 based on the city of Shenzhen, China. […] We simulated how disease spread changed when we varied the type and magnitude of mobility restrictions in different transmission scenarios, with variables such as the basic reproductive number (R0), length of infectious period, and the number of initial cases. […] The simulation results were also affected by various transmission parameters. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835212 | Future preventions and social distancing are the only ways to prevent this disease from community transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835297 | Identifying characteristics of “possible super spreaders”, suggested as a dominant cause of rapid spreading transmission, will help us to design proper prevention strategies. […] Ten-point-one percent and 11.7% presented no anxiety of being infected and transmission to others. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835326 | Although both COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) manifest as pneumonia, COVID-19 is associated with apparently more efficient transmission, fewer cases of diarrhoea, increased mental confusion, and a lower crude fatality rate. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835573 | There has also been a significant change in the patient pathway with more being reviewed via the means of telemedicine to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission and exposure. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835681 | We report that high temperature and high relative humidity reduce the viability, stability, survival and transmission of COVID-19 whereas low temperature, wind speed, dew/frost point, precipitation and surface pressure prolong the activation and infectivity of the virus. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835745 | In our cross-sectional study, 1.82% of 330 asymptomatic confined individuals living in the community carried SARS-CoV-2 despite no contact with declared cases, raising concerns about unnoticed transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32835961 | Our improved, hyper-hygienic way of life in the fear of transmission has conveniently shifted our behavioral patterns like the use of PPE (Personal protective equipment), increased demand for plastic-packaged food and groceries, and the use of disposable utensils. […] Mandating scientific sterilization and the use of sealed bags for safe disposal of contaminated plastic wastes should be an immediate priority to reduce the risk of transmission to sanitation workers. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836117 | The biggest risk of transmission will occur in clinical and care home settings where secondary handling of people and urine/fecal matter occurs. […] These conclusions are corroborated by the fact that tens of million cases of COVID-19 have occurred globally, but exposure to feces or wastewater has never been implicated as a transmission vector. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836352 | It also describes the monetary policy transmission process and its limitations in terms of lags and rigidities. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836356 | The networks of transmission are paralleled by networks of private and public information. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836358 | Using data from the latest household survey on health, the paper also looks at the disease profile of care seekers to illustrate why COVID transmission is likely to be rapid in the country, the potential impact of COVID care on non-COVID care, the groups that are most likely to forego care due to the lockdown and the diversion of resources to COVID care, choice of providers and out-of-pocket expenditure evidenced from such choice. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836371 | In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the struggle to contain the outbreak and push back new infection figures will ultimately be won by training citizens how to avoid creating secondary transmission chains. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836504 | Political leaders and media outlets on the right and left have sent divergent messages about the severity of the crisis, which could impact the extent to which Republicans and Democrats engage in social distancing and other efforts to reduce disease transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836601 | A summary is given of the mechanical characteristics of virus contaminants and the transmission via droplets and aerosols. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836610 | During a pandemic, the three basic principles are. to prioritize medical resources, ensure patients’ lockdown in order to avoid community transmission and prevent healthcare collapse, and keep the number of visits to an absolute minimum to avoid patient exposure and safeguard healthcare workers. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836691 | The spread of these pathogens and risk of transmission accelerate with recent anthropogenic land-use changes (LUC) such as deforestation, urbanisation, and agricultural intensification, factors that are expected to increase in the future due to human population expansion and increasing demand for resources.We systematically review the literature on anthropogenic LUC and zoonotic diseases, highlighting the most prominent mammalian reservoirs and pathogens, and identifying avenues for future research.The majority of studies were global reviews that did not focus on specific taxa. […] Understanding this has enabled the identification of factors that alter the risk of emergence (such as virulence, pathogen diversity, and ease of transmission). | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836696 | The transmission mechanism of COVID-19 is still unclear. […] In this paper, we establish a mathematical model for COVID-19 transmission involving the interactive effect of various factors for the infected people, including imported cases, isolating rate, diagnostic rate, recovery rate and also the mortality rate. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836704 | The main route of transmission is believed to be through coronavirus-bearing respiratory droplets. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836705 | Urgent demands of assessing respiratory disease transmission in airliner cabins had awakened from the COVID-19 pandemics. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836711 | A modified compartmental SEIR stochastic model was used to calculate peak cases at various levels of effectiveness of prevention of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836712 | Management of novel viral respiratory disease outbreak on-board a ship with person-to-person transmission can be a public health challenge because of close proximity of inhabitants due to confined space and air-conditioned environment. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836713 | Participants had good knowledge regarding clinical symptoms, mode of transmission and preventive measures. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836720 | Since transmission requires people, the human factor behind globalization is essential. […] The analysis investigates the impact globalization has on the speed of initial transmission to a country and on the scale of initial infections in the context of other driving factors. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836731 | Since the key transmission of culture is through language, raw reflections were sought initially in the practitioners’ own language, which were translated for an English-speaking readership. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836737 | Countries across the world are battling Covid-19 by enacting measures to reduce the speed of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836800 | Generally, COVID-19 has three possible transmission routes, including pre-symptomatic, symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, among which the last one has brought a severe challenge for the containment of the disease. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836805 | Yet, the influences of control strategies on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 are far from being well understood. […] Based on mathematical analysis and data analysis, we systematically explore the effects of lockdown and medical resources on the COVID-19 transmission in Wuhan. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836806 | To understand and predict the transmission dynamics of this disease, mathematical models can be very effective. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836807 | To effectively address this situation, it is imperative to have a clear understanding of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics and to concoct efficient control measures to mitigate/contain the spread. […] In order to control the transmission, the coefficient of nonlinear incidence function is adopted as the Governmental control input. […] To adequately understand the COVID-19 dynamics, bifurcation analysis is performed and the effect of varying reproduction number on the COVID-19 transmission is studied. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836809 | Here, using a nationwide mobile phone dataset, we developed a networked meta-population model to simulate the impact of intervention in controlling the spread of the virus in China by varying the effectiveness of transmission reduction and the timing of intervention start and relaxation. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836813 | In this paper, we construct a stochastic model of the 2019-nCoV transmission in a confined space, which gives a detailed account of the interaction between the spreading virus and mobile individuals. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836814 | We use a nonlinear susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed transmission model with added behavioral and government policy dynamics. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836816 | A mathematical model is established to study the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan. […] Based on the dynamical analysis and data fitting, the transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan is estimated and the effects of control measures including Wuhan city travel ban and FLRPHE are investigated. […] The extraordinary efforts implemented by China effectively contain the transmission of COVID-19 and protect public health in China. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836831 | Here, we highlight opportunities to broaden existing conservation economics frameworks that represent human behavior to include disease transmission in order to inform conservation-disease risk policy. […] Integrating the decisions that drive human-environment interactions with ecological and epidemiological research in an interdisciplinary approach to understanding pathogen transmission will inform policy needed to improve both conservation and disease spread outcomes. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836859 | As a result, there have been calls for the closure of China’s “wet markets”; greater scrutiny of the wildlife trade in general; and a spotlight has been placed on the potential risks posed by growing human populations and shrinking natural habitats for animal to human transmission of zoonotic diseases. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836873 | To this end, the COVID-19 Decision-Making System (CDMS) was developed to study disease transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836912 | Air-borne transmission among humans is the main reason for the rapid spreading of the virus. […] Blocking the air-borne transmission should be a significant measure to suppress the spreading of the pandemic. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32836917 | Also, the use of appropriate antivirals in order to alleviate the symptoms, to control the severity of the illness and to prevent the transmission, could be a good option that we study in this work. […] In this paper, we propose a computational random network model to study the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Spain. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837051 | Most healthcare systems in the country are likely to be overwhelmed soon if the pandemic moves to a stage of community transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837058 | Astute clinical observations and logical reasoning goaded Semmelweis to suspect the role of “unholy” hands of “holy” physicians in the transmission of puerperal fever. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837074 | The earliest available evidence attributes the discovery of droplets as a mode of transmission of disease to Carl Flügge, a German bacteriologist, a contemporary of Emil Kocher, in 1897. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837081 | Patients are at risk of contracting COVID-19 with a high chance of patient to healthcare transmission and vice versa. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837095 | Fecal viral excretion may have clinical significance because of possible feco-oral transmission of the infection. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837164 | In so doing they will limit the transmission of COVI-19 within correctional institutions, ensure the safety of staff and their charges, and enable prisons and jails to better accommodate the needs of the inmate population. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837210 | However, they are not especially at risk for severe forms of the disease prone to induce prematurity but without transmission to the fœtus. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837224 | The discussion focuses on the nature of COVID-19, its pathophysiology and transmission relevant to maternal and neonatal care. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837241 | Furthermore, this model includes an additional dynamic variable that mimics the response of the population to the social distancing policies determined by the government, which affect the COVID-19 transmission rate. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837273 | The institution of social distancing and punitive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through human-to-human transmission has environmental, health and economic impact. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837277 | The transmission rate is reported to be high for this novel strain of coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as compared to its predecessors. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837280 | Transmission of virus takes place either directly through close contact with infected individual (symptomatic/asymptomatic) or indirectly by touching contaminated surfaces. […] Parameters such as temperature/relative humidity also play an important role in transmission. […] Proper planning and restriction are helping in influencing the trajectory of the transmission. […] Countries that introduced various mitigation measures had experienced control in transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837281 | Community transmission of COVID-19 is happening in Bangladesh-the country which did not have a noteworthy health policy and legislative structures to combat a pandemic like COVID-19. […] Scenario 2 outlines that limited people’s movement will enable low-level community transmission of COVID-19 with the infection and death rate will increase slowly (r = 0.540, p < 0.01). […] In scenario 3, full lockdown will reduce community transmission and death from COVID-19 (r = 0.545, p < 0.01). | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837282 | Most of the countries impose a lockdown system with social distancing measures to arrest the rapid transmission of this virus into the human body. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837343 | This review aims to highlight key factors in the perioperative environment that contribute to transmission of infectious pathogens, leading to healthcare-associated infection. […] Over the past decade, much has been learned about the epidemiology of perioperative pathogen transmission. […] Ongoing surveillance of pathogen transmission among these reservoirs is essential to ensure effective perioperative infection prevention. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837363 | However, the magnitude of increase in these correlations is considerably higher for financial firms during the COVID-19 outbreak, indicating the importance of their role in financial contagion transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837391 | When severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) hit Singapore in 2003, we began to formulate rigorous protocols and reconfigure our facilities to prevent in-hospital transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837431 | The constant news coverage, rapid transmission, and relatively high mortality rate, make fearfulness a natural response. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837466 | In this article we propose a modified compartmental model describing the transmission of COVID-19 in Morocco. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837484 | Recently, airborne transmission has been postulated to be a major contributor to the spread of the novel coronavirus, especially in enclosed public spaces. […] While many studies have demonstrated positive correlations between atmospheric pollutants and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the impact of indoor air pollutants on airborne transmission has been largely overlooked. […] We hypothesized that particles emitted from laser printers present a potential risk factor for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in offices and other indoor environments with high user occupancy. […] We then discuss the potential impact on the transmission of SAR-CoV-2 in indoor spaces. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837485 | Such practices, which are common in East Asia and central America, have induced a dilemma of toilet paper disposal because some municipalities have removed waste bins from public toilets to prevent virus transmission by fecal matter. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837504 | Since March 2020, a rapid increase has been observed in the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has essentially resulted from increased disease transmission and intensified testing and reporting. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837505 | We used the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “COVID-19,”Mutation“,”Genetic diversity“,”SARS-CoV-2“,”Virulence“,”Pathogenicity“,”Evolution" and “SARS-CoV-2 transmission” for this search. […] In particular, the S protein was found to be the key determinant of evolution, transmission, and virulence of SARS-CoV-2, and could be a potential target for vaccine development. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837510 | Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) enables early detection of pandemic viruses and plays a vital role in preventing onward transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837521 | We, in this review, report the symptoms, mode of transmission and available and putative treatments to tackle 2019-nCoV infections. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837535 | The person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may occur directly or indirectly through saliva, and a preoperational use of antimicrobial mouthwash is considered to reduce the number of oral microbes. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837565 | Although there are no specific antiviral therapies that have proven effective in randomized clinical trials, currently, the rapid detection technology along with several promising therapeutics for COVID-19 have mitigated its drastic transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837573 | Viral hepatitis no longer plays a very prominent role in dialysis facilities because nosocomial transmission can be reliably avoided. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837584 | New technologies are being developed toward the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to understand its pathogenesis and transmission, to develop therapeutics and vaccines, and to formulate preventive strategies. […] Here, we review important elements of viral infection, transmission, and clinical presentation reflected by various animal models readily available or being developed and studied for SARS-CoV-2 to help bioengineers evaluate appropriate preclinical models for their emerging technologies. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837629 | Governments have responded to the Covid-19 crisis through various measures designed to reduce transmission and protect people judged to be at heightened risk. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837641 | In this opinion piece, we highlight that trade barriers established during COVID-19 as “fire lines” to prevent cross-border transmission of the pandemic could become “fault lines” that demolish the global food system. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837683 | The main transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 comprise human-to-human droplet infection, including inhalation and contact infection of patient’s saliva, blood and other body fluids through oral mucosa, nasal mucosa, and the eyes, and orofecal transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837691 | A growing number of cases have proved the possibility of airborne transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837713 | We review the state of knowledge on the bio-fluid dynamic mechanisms involved in the transmission of the infection from SARS-CoV-2. […] The relevance of the subject stems from the key role of airborne virus transmission by viral particles released by an infected person via coughing, sneezing, speaking or simply breathing. […] A deeper understanding of the relevant biological fluid dynamics would also allow us to evaluate the contrasting effects of natural or forced ventilation of environments on the transmission of contagion: the risk decreases as the viral load is diluted by mixing effects but contagion is potentially allowed to reach larger distances from the infected source. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837714 | Using a gradual reveal of the paper following the CREATE method (consider, read, elucidate, and think of the next experiment), I challenged students to learn new evolutionary principles and critically analyze the data surrounding the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 presented in the paper. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837722 | Authors suggest initial management with oxymetazoline nasal drops and local pressure before considering nasal packing with absorbable material to prevent COVID-19 transmission to surrounding healthcare workers. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837726 | Appropriate diagnosis and isolation of the patients help reduce further transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837754 | However, it is still controversial whether vertical transmission exists. […] In order to investigate the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission, we explored ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expression patterns in peri-implantation embryos and the maternal-fetal interface using previously published single-cell transcriptome data. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837772 | Although the exact origin of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is currently unknown, there is substantial evidence to suggest the source of transmission of the virus occurred within the Wuhan wet market. […] It also advocates for the integration of the analysis of illicit trade with the study of zoonotic disease transmission and pandemics. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837806 | The knowledge and understanding questionnaire consisted questions regarding the clinical characteristics and transmission routes of COVID-19. […] Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants answered correctly (95.5%) on symptoms, (84.4%) time interval for visible symptoms, (98.0%) transmission and (44%) airborne transmission respectively. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837814 | More precisely, it is used to infer the transmission of the COVID-19 in the three Maghreb Central countries (Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco). | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837836 | The small nation of Malta has been applauded by the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Director for Europe for the instituted escalated public health measures that have kept (up till the time of writing) the COVID-19 spread contained with low transmission rate. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837855 | Recently, genome sequencing confirmed that COVID-19 is similar to SARS-CoV and bat coronavirus, but the major source of this pandemic outbreak, its transmission, and mechanisms related to its pathogenicity to humans are not yet known. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837871 | As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide, there have been arguments regarding the aerosol transmission of its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] Therefore, with an objective to test the hypothesis of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to 1) determine whether SARS-CoV-2 particles are present in the indoor air and 2) determine whether recovered patients are still shedding virus, thus providing much-needed environmental evidence for the management of COVID-19 patients during the recovery period. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837924 | This study examines volatility transmission over the financial crisis. […] The variance causality test indicates that the risk transmission among agricultural commodity is zero, but oil market volatility spills on the markets for agricultural products excluding sugar in the post-crisis period. […] Thus, this paper signifies that the statistical volatility transmission differs post food price crisis. […] Following, risk transmission materializes as an additional element of the statistical interrelations among agricultural and energy markets. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837925 | On the basis of graph plots, it observed that numbers of factors are important to the transmission of corona virus and among all if temperature is an important parameter then it will be hard time for humid states especially South Asian countries. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837936 | These cases illustrate work-place risks for healthcare workers of acquiring COVID19 and highlight the problems faced in terms of risks of transmission to patients and colleagues, isolation of contacts in departments leading to near-breakdown of services and psychological stress to healthcare workers. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837941 | As head and neck surgical specialties are uniquely vulnerable to infection transmission, this communication highlights various instructions and suggestions given by International & National health agencies to safeguard the patient, surgical team, health workers and community. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837942 | While lockdowns may be effective in controlling the transmission of COVID-19, they have a negative impact on the routine functioning of healthcare services. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837944 | This article provides a brief review of the current knowledge regarding SARS Cov-2 including disease transmission, clinical characteristics and occupational hazard. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837948 | Use of tracheostomy can facilitate weaning from ventilation and potentially increase the availability of much needed intensive care unit (ICU) beds, however this being a high aerosol generating procedure it does put the health care worker to risk of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837949 | All the health care professionals must be aware of the disease entity and take precautionary measures to control its transmission from person to person, particularly in hospital settings. […] In this article, we propose essential steps that can be implemented at the departmental and institutional levels to do endoscopic diagnostic procedures effectively during COVID-19 outbreak and to break the transmission chain. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837951 | This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19 including disease transmission and clinical characteristics. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837971 | Like others, India is also trying to enhance testing capacity to identify every case and break the chain of transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837977 | Results show that a significant number of respondents had adequate knowledge about COVID-19 modes of transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837984 | Further research should be conducted to define the exact mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, suitable animal models or ex vivo human lung tissues aid in studying replication, transmission and spread of the novel viruses, thereby facilitating highly effective therapies. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32837995 | Measures to minimize human-to-human transmission have been implemented to control the pandemic. […] However, special efforts to reduce transmission via efficient public health communications and dissemination of risks should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and the elderly. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838021 | Recently, the large outbreak of COVID-19 cases all over the world has whacked India with about 30,000 confirmed cases within the first 3 months of transmission. […] Our study suggests that comparatively hot and dry regions in lower altitude of the Indian territory are more prone to the infection by COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838037 | Herein, we describe lessons learned and a framework to address these needs, which focus on: (a) identifying and filling technology “gaps”; (b) pursuing collaborative design of data sharing requirements and transmission mechanisms; (c) facilitating cross-domain discussions involving legal and research compliance; and (d) establishing or participating in multi-institutional convening or coordinating activities. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838053 | The surface stability and resulting transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), specifically in indoor environments, have been identified as a potential pandemic challenge requiring investigation. […] Regarding this, the virus adsorption onto solid surfaces can play a critical role in transmission and survival in various environments. […] This theoretical analysis shows that different surface and environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and pH are crucial considerations in building fundamental understanding of the virus transmission and thereby improving safety practices. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838061 | The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of transmission control efforts of the Philippine Government through implementation of Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) on curtailing the exponential growth of the Corona Virus (Covid-19). […] Also, this study provides forecast of transmission rate of Covid-19 incorporating the heterogeneous characteristics of the group of population according to age. […] The heterogeneous-mixing model was used to forecast the transmission rate of Covid-19 and effect of Enhanced Community Quarantine in various Local Government Units (LGUs) in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines. […] The result of the study revealed that the mobility of people has significant contribution to the transmission rate of Covid-19. […] The result of the study revealed that the mobilization of workers, who are exempted in ECQ, would greatly affect the transmission of disease to those who are in the senior citizen group. […] The increase in the confirmed cases of Covid-19 is associated with the transmission from those workers, who are exempted from ECQ to senior citizens and the young age group. […] This study concluded that in order to achieve the containment of the spread of Covid-19 in the Philippines, the government should be stricter in implementation of the ECQ and incorporate the different pattern of transmission of Covid-19 in deciding whether to extend or to lift the ECQ. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838077 | Many parts of the world, including India, adopted lockdown to curb community transmission of disease. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838100 | While the purpose of the “shelter-in-place” mandate was to reduce viral transmission of COVID-19, it consequently led to an increased percentage of admissions of school age children- comparable to our summertime numbers. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838101 | The outbreak of COVID-19 in China has led to massive lockdowns in order to reduce the spread of the epidemic and control human-to-human transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838191 | Medical care aims are to ensure optimal treatment while minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838230 | Vertical transmission of the virus probably occurs, albeit in a small proportion of cases. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838234 | An effective reduction in transmission must have occurred nearly immediately after the tighter lockdown, given the lag time of around 10 days from asymptomatic infection to diagnosis. […] With a tighter lockdown, mobility decreased enough to bring down transmission promptly below the level needed to sustain the epidemic. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838256 | QT interval monitoring has gained much interest during the COVID-19 pandemic given the use of QT-prolonging medications and the concern about viral transmission with serial ECGs. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838283 | In the event that BCG vaccination provides non-specific protection against COVID-19, administering it could be helpful in controlling the transmission of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases during future pandemics. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838346 | Direct contact animals (n=3) were included 24 h after inoculation to test viral transmission. […] More efficient virus replication but no clinical signs were observed in ferrets, with transmission to all three direct contact animals. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838354 | Despite multiple public health measures,1, 2, 3 there remains an urgent need for pharmacologic therapies to treat infected patients, minimize mortality, and decrease pressures on intensive care units and health systems and optimally, they should also decrease subsequent transmission. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838362 | The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global public health concern due to relatively easy person-to-person transmission and the current lack of effective antiviral therapy. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838374 | This manuscript describes the emergence of this novel virus, its mode of transmission, and the potential impacts on patient care in the unique environment of rotor wing aircraft. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838378 | Meticulous infrastructure planning to facilitate patient flow and strict measures to prevent nosocomial transmission and occupational exposure were instituted to safeguard both the staff and patients. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32838447 | The modalities of transmission, different symptoms and manifestations as well as concomitant circumstances of the disease are insufficiently characterized. […] The possibility of vertical transmission to the child cannot be excluded with certainty. […] However, indications of vertical transmission were detected only in individual cases. | 2020-08-25 |
| 32839315 | We show that for any given transmission rate there exists a critical number of social contacts, [Formula: see text], below which linear growth and low infection prevalence must occur. […] When calibrating our model to empirical estimates of the transmission rate and the number of days being contagious, we find [Formula: see text] Assuming realistic contact networks with a degree of about 5, and assuming that lockdown measures would reduce that to household size (about 2.5), we reproduce actual infection curves with remarkable precision, without fitting or fine-tuning of parameters. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32839646 | The paper aims to determine the situations when the air carrier is liable for the transmission of COVID-19 in the course of air transport. […] Accordingly, in this paper, we addressed if the transmission of COVID-19 an ‘accident’ within the Conventions’ meaning and the period of air carrier’s liability for passengers’ contraction of COVID-19, taking into consideration the exoneration of air carrier’s liability in COVID-19 cases. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32839727 | These droplets are the main modes of transmission of COVID-19. […] This mode of transmission puts the healthcare professionals at an increased risk of infection, especially from asymptomatic patients. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32839755 | No empirical evidence of the effectiveness of automated contact tracing (regarding contacts identified or transmission reduction) was identified. […] Automated contact tracing could potentially reduce transmission with sufficient population uptake. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32840387 | It is clearly appeared in improving the bone cortex and bone marrow in the treated group with the novel compound in histological and transmission electron microscopic sections which is a very important issue today in fighting severe infections that have significant effects on the blood indices and declining of blood corpuscles like COVID-19, in addition to declining the genotoxicity and inflammation induced by MA in male rats. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32840462 | In circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, educational strategies to clinical clerkship training for medical students should be developed to provide them with the opportunity to be actively involved in hospital practice under strict safety guidance focused on preventing virus infection and transmission. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32840492 | Pandemic control measures may have more rapid impact on slowing viral transmission amongst those of White ethnicity compared to ethnic minority groups, Research is urgently required to understand the mechanisms underlying these disparities and whether public health interventions have differential effects on individuals from ethnic minority groups. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32840606 | It is important to understand the mode of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for disease control. […] We aimed to clarify how soon SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur after infection by asymptomatically infected individuals. […] Three routes of secondary transmission were identified, with 2-4 days from infection to transmission. […] All index cases for secondary transmission were asymptomatic at the time of contact with other people. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32840614 | Foremost is clarifying the contribution of asymptomatic and mild infections to transmission within the household and community and the clinical and epidemiologic significance of uncommon severe post-infectious complications. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32840835 | Such a practice raises various ethical questions, the characteristics of which are heightened by uncertainties such as mode of transmission and increasingly scarce healthcare resources. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32841356 | Data from a recent epidemiological surveillance network showed a decrease in the reported number of sexually transmitted diseases and food-borne infections. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32841411 | Data from both New York and London report a high prevalence of the asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant patients admitted for delivery, raising questions on the possible correlated dangers (ie, contacts with healthcare workers; the possible creation of an intrahospital outbreak at birth; and conflicting evidence on vertical transmission). | 2020-08-26 |
| 32841654 | This treatment approach may be considered in an effort to reduce risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection during subsequent shutdowns. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32841703 | Transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings has significant implications for patients and healthcare workers, may amplify local outbreaks, and may place additional burden on already stretched resources. […] The risk remains due to asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic transmission, complicated by challenges faced with laboratory testing. […] We present a case study of potential nosocomial transmission associated with the first case of COVID-19 at a large acute NHS Trust in South-West London, and we describe the prevailing burden of nosocomial infections. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32842086 | As community transmission of COVID-19 first emerged in the United States and then quickly spread, America’s military accepted an important role in responding to the growing pandemic. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32842256 | Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fibrinolysis strategy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide reference value for optimization of fibrinolytic process on the premise of prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission, including self-protection of medical staff. […] To optimize the fibrinolytic process on the premise of prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission, including self-protection of medical staff, a full-time medical team in charge of fibrinolysis under third-grade protection was established. […] On the premise of prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission, including self-protection of medical staff, the duration of myocardial ischemia can be shortened by optimization of the fibrinolytic process. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32842276 | Since the transmission route and transmission capacity of COVID-19 are similar to that of influenza A (H1N1) in 2009, which conforms to the basic elements of “human pandemic”, and the epidemic scale has exceeded that of influenza A (H1N1)， it is probable to incorporate COVID-19 epidemic response into PIPF, and at the same time to verify and improve PIPF in practice. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32842277 | During the epidemics of COVID-19 in domestic China and recently continuing rapid spread worldwide, a bunch of studies fitted the epidemics by transmission dynamics model to nowcast and forecast the trend of epidemics of COVID-19. […] However, due to little known of the new virus in early stage and much uncertainty in the comprehensive strategies of prevention and control for epidemics, majority of models, not surprisingly, predict in less accuracy, although the dynamics model has its great value in better understanding of transmission. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32842326 | It has been confirmed that the transmission of 2019-nCoV is mainly through respiratory droplets and contact. […] Some scholars also pointed out that the possibility of transmission through the digestive system and eyes should not be ignored. | 2020-08-26 |
| 32842509 | The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused an unprecedented global public health threat, having a high transmission rate with currently no drugs or vaccines approved. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32842793 | Whether regarding the viral genome, incubation periods, method of transmission, symptoms, dangerous behaviors, age groups at risk, all information was valuable, all data was shared as soon as possible. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32842881 | Urgent measures established to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards included very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32843094 | An epidemiological model with five compartments (susceptible-exposed-symptomatic-asymptomatic-recovered/removed [SEIAR]) was developed based on observed transmission features. […] This study will improve our understanding of the transmission feature of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups and suggest the most prevention measures should be applied to middle-aged and elderly people. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32843626 | Here we use a Bayesian statistical framework and a large sequence data set from bat-CoVs (including 630 novel CoV sequences) in China to study their macroevolution, cross-species transmission and dispersal. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32843824 | Its ability of human-to-human and surface-to-human transmission turns the world into catastrophic phase. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32843849 | This study presents the perspective of different modes of transmission of coronavirus,especially during clinical practices and among the pediatrics. […] This study predicts the possible transmission of the virus through medical practices such as ophthalmology, dental, and endoscopy procedures. […] With regard to pediatric transmission, as of now, only afew child fatalities had been reported. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32844125 | Our analysis confirms unique features in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes absent in other evolutionarily related coronavirus family genomes, which presumably confer unique infection, transmission and virulence capabilities to the virus. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32844134 | Understanding the early spread dynamics of the infection and evaluating the effectiveness of control measures is crucial for assessing the potential for sustained transmission to occur in new areas. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32844189 | We discuss modes of virus transmission in enclosed environments (including clinical workplaces and laboratories) and potential risks of exposure in the endoscopy environment for research staff. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32844915 | This novel scenario of health crisis demanded a change in logistics and organization to guarantee urgent operations onCOVID-19 cases without interrupting the capability to handle emergency and oncologic surgery in the virus-free population, minimizing the viral transmission to staff and other patients. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845250 | The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, recognized as a respiratory disease, is an example of zoonotic transmission of the RNA virus known as SARS-CoV-2. […] The recent epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are examples of zoonotic transmission of RNA viruses from animal species to the humans. […] Little is known about the human-host adoptive mechanism for zoonotic transmission. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845460 | Limited human and material resources for infection control and lack of understanding or appreciation by the government of the realities of vulnerable populations have contributed to failed interventions to curb transmission, and further deepened inequalities. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845525 | Point-of-care antigen and molecular tests to detect current SARS-CoV-2 infection have the potential to allow earlier detection and isolation of confirmed cases compared to laboratory-based diagnostic methods, with the aim of reducing household and community transmission. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845618 | While specific aspects of the coronavirus infectivity, spread, and routes of transmission are still under rigorous investigation, it seems that a recollection of knowledge from the literature can provide useful lessons to cope with this new situation. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845720 | TNTs have been also shown to contribute to the transmission of retroviruses (e.g. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845750 | Vertical transmission or breast milk transmission are yet to be proven. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845852 | Hospital workers have been the most frequently and severely affected professional group during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have a big impact on transmission. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32845869 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in bats and human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets and contact with surfaces of infected aerosol are the main ways of transmitting this virus. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32846367 | Lockdown and social distancing were mandated in Kurdistan, Iraq to combat the transmission of the infection. | 2020-08-27 |
| 32846839 | During hospitalization, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positivity was not observed in samples from the body surface and surrounding environment, and no verified transmission event occurred during the quarantine at home. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32846960 | The existing model of the branching process (Lloyd-Smith model) is used to incorporate individual heterogeneity into the model, and the key epidemiological components (the reproduction number and the dispersive parameter) are estimated through the empirical transmission tree of the MERS-CoV data. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32847947 | Alternative therapy of high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) has been greatly debated around the world for use in COVID-19 pandemic due to concern for increased healthcare worker transmission.This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 10 March 2020 to 24 April 2020 with moderate-to-severe respiratory failure treated with HFNT. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32848152 | Here we employ a spatially explicit model, properly attentive to the role of inapparent infections, capable of: estimating the expected unfolding of the outbreak under continuous lockdown (baseline trajectory); assessing deviations from the baseline, should lockdown relaxations result in increased disease transmission; calculating the isolation effort required to prevent a resurgence of the outbreak. […] A 40% increase in effective transmission would yield a rebound of infections. […] We finally provide an ex-post assessment based on the epidemiological data that became available after the initial analysis and estimate the actual disease transmission that occurred after weakening the lockdown. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32848486 | We used government data, post mortem reports, and the medical literature on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, as well as prevention-and-control guidelines from the government, hospitals and media, to discuss the main risks factors faced by MS. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32849446 | The potential survival and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on/via food and packages are discussed based on data available for other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. […] However, studies are needed to explore its transmission via food and survival on food packaging materials. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32849833 | Though its origin has been linked to the Wuhan City of China’s Hubei Province in December 2019, recent reports claim that the original animal-to-human transmission of the virus probably happened sometime between September and October 2019 in Guangdong Province, rather than Hubei. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32850506 | Our findings are critical for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and for determining deadline of restriction measures to prevent transmission caused by convalescent patients with COVID-19. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32850564 | The intrauterine vertical transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 also remains controversial. […] We also comprehensively explored the mother-to-child transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, in particular the route of intrauterine vertical transmission. […] Although there is no evidence supporting the intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, our comprehensive analysis suggests that the adverse maternal and infant outcomes caused by COVID-19 cannot be underestimated. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32850606 | Background: Transmission of COVID-19 in developing countries is expected to surpass that in developed countries; however, information on community perceptions of this new disease is scarce. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32850989 | The use of RAS inhibitors has also become a matter of public concern as these drugs may increase the mRNA expression and levels of ACE2 and impact the virulence and transmission of SARS-COV-2. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32851112 | Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can shed virus, thereby causing human-to-human transmission, and the viral RNA shedding is commonly used as a proxy measure for infectivity. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32851931 | Neither vertical nor horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was noted. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32852082 | Several reports indicate the possibility of viral shedding via faeces and the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. […] To critically assess the clinical relevance of testing stool samples and anal swabs and provide an overview of the potential faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in stool samples occurs in a substantial portion of patients, making faecal-oral transmission plausible. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853009 | To reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 and meet the increasing mental health demands due to this trauma, psychiatry outpatient services have gone online in various countries. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853193 | More complete case report data and timely, culturally responsive, and evidence-based public health efforts that leverage the strengths of AI/AN communities are needed to decrease COVID-19 transmission and improve patient outcomes. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853292 | In the article a virus transmission model is constructed on a simplified social network. […] The ensemble approach with the perturbed transmission and disease parameters is used to quantify the ensemble spread, a proxy for the forecast uncertainty. […] Virus transmission models with accurate social network models are thus essential for improving epidemics forecasting. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853295 | The government acted swiftly to contain transmission, with extensive public health measures. […] This paper proposes a theoretical basis for estimating the limits within which transmission should be constrained in order to ensure that the case load remains within the capacity of Sri Lanka’s health system. […] The three-day moving average of the caseload suggested two waves of transmission from Day 0 to 17 (R0 = 3.32, 95% CI 1.85-5.41) and from Day 18-30 (R = 1.25, 95%CI: 0.93-1.63). […] Our model suggests that to ensure that the case load remains within the available capacity of the health system after lifting lockdown restrictions, transmission should not exceed R = 1.5. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853360 | There is a concern that with the winter transmission will grow rapidly. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853442 | A polymerase chain reaction test of a vaginal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting a possibility of perinatal transmission. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853491 | An understanding of basic COVID-19 epidemiology is a prerequisite for curtailing transmission, preventing morbidity and mortality, developing efficacious vaccines, implementing effective infection control protocols, and applying treatment algorithms. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853536 | In March 2020, the Australian Government added new temporary telehealth services to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to reduce the risk of patient-patient and patient-clinician transmission of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19). | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853537 | This is important because the expression of decidual and placental angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 across gestation may affect the susceptibility of pregnancies to vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853663 | In addition to the person-to person transmission dynamic of the novel respiratory virus, it has been recently studied the role of environmental factors in accelerate SARS-CoV-2 spread and its lethality. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32853988 | A robust NAb response and potential virus genome degradation were detected in almost all re-positive cases, suggesting a substantially lower transmission risk, especially through respiratory routes. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32854108 | Coronaviruses are prone to transmission to new host species, as recently demonstrated by the spread to humans of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32854109 | These 2 months enhanced resilience among both doctors and nurses, and facilitated the transversal transmission of data aimed at helping colleagues and patients in any way possible, in spite of the restrictive measures limiting the rate of activity in pediatric care. | 2020-08-28 |
| 32854479 | Although there were a few cases who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after recovery, no evidence was found to indicate these cases can cause the transmission. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32854791 | The first case imported, and the second associated with probable person-to-person transmission within the UK. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32854819 | This case study describes the process of selecting the most appropriate state-wide hospital system to manage COVID-19 cases in a setting of low community transmission of COVID-19 infection. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32855070 | The transmission of COVID-19 virus since the outbreak of viral pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 gave rise to protective operative measures. […] Aerosol generating procedures such as laparoscopic surgery are known to be associated with increased risks of viral transmission to the healthcare workers. […] There is no scientific evidence to date for the transmission of COVID-19 by laparoscopic surgery. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32855178 | For facilities resuming endoscopic procedures, there are consensus guidelines for minimizing the COVID-19 transmission risks with these procedures. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32855261 | The presymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been documented in limited clusters, and it is predicted through modelling. […] We used data from meticulous contact tracing of people exposed to cases of SARS-CoV-2 to estimate the proportion of cases that result from the presymptomatic transmission of the virus in Beijing during January 2020 and February 2020. […] The results showed that presymptomatic transmission occurred in at least 15% of 100 secondary COVID-19 cases. […] The finding suggested that the contact tracing period should be earlier and highlighted the importance of preventing transmission opportunities well before the onset of symptoms. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32855428 | Quantifying the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing disease transmission is key to rational policy making in response to the current and future pandemics. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32855836 | Evidence exists on the influence of temperature and humidity on the transmission of related infectious respiratory diseases, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). […] This study therefore explored the effects of daily temperature and humidity on COVID-19 transmission and mortality in Lagos state, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Nigeria. […] Our results showed that atmospheric temperature has a significant weak negative correlation with COVID-19 transmission in Lagos. […] However, no significant association was found between atmospheric humidity and COVID-19 transmission or mortality in Lagos. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32856065 | The objective of this study is to systematically synthesize the currently available literature on various modes of transmission (congenital, intrapartum, and postpartum), clinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates. […] A combination of keywords and MeSH terms, such as COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, neonates, newborn, infant, pregnancy, obstetrics, vertical transmission, maternal-foetal transmission and intrauterine transmission, were used in the search strategy. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32856180 | Must-have criteria for the device included: reduction of aerosol transmission by at least 90% as measured by pragmatic testing; construction from readily available, inexpensive materials; easy to clean; and compatibility with common EMS stretchers. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32856557 | One group of workers that may be even more vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19 is the H-2A temporary worker population, because they have less control over their physical environments than domestic farmworkers, who may obtain their own housing and transportation. […] More research is needed on the disparate health and safety needs of H-2A workers to assess how policy can be tailored to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19 virus among the population. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32856692 | We characterized the risk of COVID-19 amongst 226 patients exposed to healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19; one patient may have been infected, suggesting that the risk of COVID-19 transmission from healthcare workers to patients is generally low. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857014 | Artificial intelligence and high-performance computing have accelerated research into understanding the virus and developing targeted therapeutics to treat infection and prevent transmission. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857112 | In this case series study, inapparent infections in children may have been associated with silent COVID-19 transmission in the community. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857134 | Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriage among hospitalized children and the risk of transmission to healthcare workers (HCW) was evaluated through a point prevalence survey. […] We estimated a low, 1-2%, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among children without symptoms of COVID-19 and there were no secondary transmission events among HCW exposed to these patients. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857234 | To forecast the influence degree and influence cycle of COVID-19 on PV industry, this paper firstly clarifies the key features of epidemic situation as well as the basic rule of such pandemics’ transmission along industry-chain. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857402 | This article describes how perioperative personnel strategized to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in the OR and presents a multiple-case summary of six pregnant patients with COVID-19 who underwent cesarean deliveries at Tongji Hospital in January and February 2020. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857620 | TMPRSS2, ACE2 and TMPRSS11D are genes coding for proteins necessary for SARS-CoV-2 activation, infection and transmission. […] Confirm the role azithromycin may play in the regulation of pathways and genes involved in inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 activation and cell-to-cell transmission. […] This proof of concept demonstrates azithromycin downregulates pathways involving serine proteases TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS11D required for SARS-CoV-2 activation and its cell-to-cell transmission while downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, NDST-1 and their associated pathways. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857679 | The pathogen responsible for the COVID-19 has been found to be coronavirus (2019-nCoV) with human transmission through droplets, airway secretions, and even direct contact with host. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857833 | Exhaled breath emission may play an important role in the COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857836 | This report summarizes issues that render a COVID-19 model daunting to establish (SARS-CoV-2’s potential to cause severe/fatal illness, its high transmissibility, and lack of a “rescue treatment” to prevent progression from mild/moderate to severe clinical illness) and it proffers prudent strategies for stepwise model development, challenge virus selection, guidelines for manufacturing challenge doses, and ways to contain SARS-CoV-2 and prevent transmission to household/community contacts. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32857955 | Stay-at-home orders (lockdowns) have been deployed globally to control COVID-19 transmission, and might impair economic conditions and mental health, and exacerbate risk of food insecurity and intimate partner violence. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32858092 | A lack of these supplies can lead to occupational exposures and illness as well as healthcare-associated transmission of COVID-19 and other diseases. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32858292 | However, the role of PM in SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear. […] PM could be both a direct and indirect transmission model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32858551 | Therefore, we encourage intensivists to extend their use of LUS in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and ARDS to acquire real-time information for a quick response and minimize the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32858554 | Early transmission control is important at the onset of an epidemic. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32858556 | Concerns about childcare were negatively related to willingness to return, whereas organizational strategies for mitigating COVID-19 transmission at work were positively related to willingness to return. | 2020-08-29 |
| 32859298 | The policy and regulatory changes implemented at the federal and state levels can be categorized into the following 4 classes: (1) preventing virus transmission, which includes policies relating to visitation restrictions, personal protective equipment guidance, and testing requirements; (2) expanding facilities’ capacities, which includes both the expansion of physical space for isolation purposes and the expansion of workforce to combat COVID-19; (3) relaxing administrative requirements, which includes measures enacted to shift the attention of caretakers and administrators from administrative requirements to residents’ care; and (4) reporting COVID-19 data, which includes the reporting of cases and deaths to residents, families, and administrative bodies (such as state health departments). | 2020-08-30 |
| 32859408 | In about half of the cases, viral RNA could be detected in the stool, which is another line of transmission and diagnosis. covid19 has a worse prognosis in patients with comorbidities, although there is not enough evidence in case of previous digestive diseases. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32859459 | The proximity to the patient during dental care, high generation of aerosols, and the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva have suggested the oral cavity as a potential reservoir for COVID-19 transmission. […] Although there is still no clinical evidence that they can prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, preoperative antimicrobial mouth rinses with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been recommended to reduce the number of microorganisms in aerosols and drops during oral procedures. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32859496 | There is no evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission during delivery in the third trimester, but the data are limited and need to be further explored. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32859813 | The lockdown might be the most effective measure to curtail viral transmission. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860074 | The relatively low increase in incidental findings suggestive of COVID-19 infection on 18F-FDG PET/CT in asymptomatic cancer patients was in accordance with the low COVID-19 transmission in our geographic region. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860259 | At present, there is limited information on potential transmission of the infection from mother to child, particularly through breast milk and breastfeeding. […] Currently, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860390 | Due to the increased transmission rate of the virus, it became of great importance the early diagnosis of the disease. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860392 | Therefore, without effective implementation of the required preventive measures, there is a significant risk for viral transmission when visiting nuclear medicine departments, particularly in periods of high community spread. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860393 | In this paper we provide a synopsis of the basic steps of adapting nuclear cardiology practice in the era of COVID-19 in order to balance between the risk of viral transmission while also providing crucial cardiovascular assessments for our patients. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860396 | The adaptations and the flexibility that nuclear thyroidology, among other fields of nuclear medicine, should show during the pandemic, must focus not only in minimizing the risk of infection to staff, patients, and family members, but also in controlling the transmission of the virus while continuing to provide health care services which do not jeopardize patients’ prognosis and quality of life. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860397 | Greece was one of the countries that implemented early drastic measures thus succeeding in controlling the virus transmission; having a profound economical effect though. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860861 | Our surrounding environment, especially often-touched contaminated surfaces, plays an important role in the transmission of pathogens in society. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860909 | However, it might be preferable to avoid PFT as much as possible in the recent era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), because PFT requires forced expirations and might produce aerosols, increasing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32860950 | Although COVID-19 in pregnant women and their neonates has been demonstrated, there is not enough evidence about how this vertical transmission occurs. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32861075 | Since weather regimes such as Cyprus Lows are more robustly predicted in weather and climate models than individual climate variables, we conclude that the weather regime approach can be used to develop tools for estimating the compatibility of the transmission environment for Influenza occurrence in a warming world. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32861084 | This critical point of imported case surge has resulted in a large spike of daily local cases sustained through community transmission, up to 120/day within a very short time frame. […] The events leading up to his COVID-19 diagnosis highlight the gaps of the international screening processes at the global border entry and the potential consequences of community chain transmission through imported COVID-19 cases. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32861186 | Additionally, sunlight UV radiation also showed some negative effects with respect to the early SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32861187 | This first evidence suggests that wastewater might be no major route for transmission to humans. | 2020-08-30 |
| 32861230 | This disease has a high rate of transmission and mortality. | 2020-08-31 |
| 32861459 | Concerns by health care personnel of viral transmission intra-operatively require appropriate use of PPE and pre-operative COVID-19 testing. | 2020-08-31 |
| 32861825 | As the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, may be difficult to stop in these settings, we propose that the existing COVID-19 prevention strategies aimed at reducing overall transmission are complemented with more targeted strategies to protect people at risk of severe COVID-19 disease. | 2020-08-31 |
| 32862058 | While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant global health impact, rates of maternal to infant vertical transmission remain low (<5%). […] An extended placental tissue cohort including samples from 15 COVID-19 positive maternal-fetal dyads (with n = 5 cases with evidence of fetal transmission) in comparison with 10 contemporary COVID-19 negative controls. […] CoV2 SP was present within the villous placenta in COVID-19 positive pregnancies with and without evidence of fetal transmission. | 2020-08-31 |
| 32862406 | Negative RT-PCR test but positive CT features should be highly suggestive of COVID-19 in a cluster or community transmission scenarios, and the second RT-PCR test should be promptly requested to confirm the final diagnosis. | 2020-08-31 |
| 32862730 | The effects of this infection on fetal development and whether there is vertical transmission are currently unknown. […] We present two cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection during the first and second trimester of gestation in which a PCR study of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid extracted by amniocentesis is performed to try to determine if there is vertical transmission. […] This fact could support the absence of vertical transmission when the infection occurs in these quarters. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863137 | With modified ECT procedures, it is possible to continue to meet the needs of older patients while mitigating risk of transmission to this vulnerable population. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863269 | Most resource-limited healthcare settings lack complex air handling systems to filter air and create pressure gradients that are necessary for minimising viral transmission. […] This review explores the association between ventilation and the transmission of respiratory viruses like SAR-CoV-2. […] When used appropriately, both natural and mechanical ventilation can decrease the concentration of viral aerosols, thereby reducing transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863355 | These findings highlight the risk of secondary transmission in the community caused by apparent or silent imported cases. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863535 | Our model implies that both domestic and world virus transmission contribute significantly to consumer panic. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863551 | The addition of the PA6 non-woven fabric with lithium-philic properties can not only reduce the crystallinity of the polymer, but also provide more functional transmission sites and then promote the migration of lithium ions at the molecular level. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863581 | In this present study, we consider an SEIRS epidemiological model on COVID-19 transmission which accounts for the effect of an individual’s behavioural response due to the information regarding proper precautions. […] As, the implementation of the control strategies reduce the infected population and increase the recovered population, so, it may help to reduce the disease transmission at this current epidemic situation. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32863760 | We find, under a linear regression framework, high temperature and high humidity significantly reduce the transmission of COVID-19, respectively. […] It indicates that the arrival of summer and rainy season in Bangladesh can effectively reduce the transmission of the COVID-19. […] However, it is unlikely that the COVID-19 pandemic diminishes by summer since Bangladesh still have a high coronavirus transmission. […] Therefore, other public health interventions such as social distancing are still important for blocking the COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864070 | The authors review the up-to-date scientific evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to demystify and explain the exposure control options available for ophthalmic workplace and offer insights from an industrial hygiene standpoint. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864101 | Mathematical transmission models can help hospitals to anticipate and prepare for an upcoming wave of patients by forecasting the time and severity of infections. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864104 | Background: School closures have been a recommended non-pharmaceutical intervention in pandemic response owing to the potential to reduce transmission of infection between children, school staff and those that they contact. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864225 | Clinicians should perform screening COVID-19 tests in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain before admitting the patients to implement proper preventive measures in order to reduce viral transmission to other patients and healthcare professionals. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864280 | The most common problem with COVID-19 is the low level of awareness between healthcare workers related to infection prevention and transmission of the COVID-19 virus. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864318 | The results from this study suggest that early detection and maintenance of infection control minimizes the risk of rapid transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864409 | Aggressive interventions might have mitigated the current pandemic of COVID-19, while temperature might have weak effects on the virus transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864547 | The accuracy and reliability of COVID-19 testing are critical to limit transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32864575 | Research strategies focused on understanding the evolutionary origin, transmission, and molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenesis need to be urgently formulated to manage the current and possible future coronaviral outbreaks. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32865005 | The distribution of these parameters helps estimate the epidemic size and transmission potential of the disease. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32865019 | The main mode of transmission of such infectious organisms is primarily through bioaerosols generated during routine dental procedures which put both dental care providers and their patients at an increased risk of exposure. […] Other frequent modes of infection transmission often reported include cross contamination and inadequate adoption of infection control protocols. […] The main objective of this article is to highlight the findings of those studies that have reported on the routes and modes of transmission of infectious organisms in dental settings, to report possibilities of cross contamination in dental care settings, and also to report any breach in adherence to infection control protocols in dental care settings. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32865184 | However, there has been significantly increased morbidity and moratlity of the community in worldwide.The objective of the review was to describe and review the global public health significances and community and health care perception on features, treatments, prevention and control methods of the Outbreak to slow transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32865193 | Pneumothorax, a potential fatal complication of mechanical ventilation, can further complicate the management of COVID-19 patients, whilst chest drain insertion may increase the risk of transmission of attending staff. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32865654 | To limit viral transmission of infection, by March 10th, 2020, the Italian Government has ordered a national lockdown, which established home confinement, home (smart) working, and temporary closure of non-essential businesses and schools. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32866286 | One of the main modes of transmission and propagation of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is the direct contact with respiratory droplets transmitted among individuals at a certain distance. […] There are indoor spaces, such as dwellings, in which the transmission risk is high. […] All this contributes to the progress in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission because of close contacts in dwellings. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32866312 | Scientific evidence supports the possibility of fecal-oral transmission for SARS-CoV-2. […] Limited evidence supports the potential survival of infective SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in aerosols and the efficacy of control measures at reducing transmission. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32866494 | Though the epidemic in regions outside Hubei in mainland China has maintained a degree of control, evaluating the effectiveness and timeliness of intervention strategies, and predicting the transmission risk of work resumption as well as lifting the lockdown in Hubei province remain urgent. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32866536 | Results obtained from several investigations have explained the virus origin, pathogenicity, and transmission. […] Several clinical symptoms as well as molecular factors have shown to be related to the disease transmission and severity. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32866831 | Beyond the contact and respiratory transmission of the COVID-19 virus, it has recently been reported in the literature that humidity, temperature, and air pollution may be effective in spreading the virus. | 2020-09-01 |
| 32867280 | System dynamic modelling, comprised of stock flow and infection modelling, was used to describe regional population dynamics and estimate assumed region-specific transmission rates. […] The estimated regional transmission rates were then mapped against actual patient data throughout the course of the interventions. […] This causal loop modelling suggested that the only effective measure against COVID-19 transmission in the Japanese context was intervention in the early stages of the outbreak by national and regional governments, and no social self-strengthening dynamics were demonstrated. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867323 | Policy to prevent transmission of COVDI-19 resulted in multi-dimensional impact on social interaction. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867425 | Objective: By analyzed the transmission patterns of 4 out of the 51 COVID-19 cluster cases in Shaanxi province to provide evidences for the COVID-19 control and prevention. […] Transmission chain was drawn and the transmission process was analyzed. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867426 | Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and transmission chain of COVID-19 in two families, and to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention and control measures. […] Conclusions: Human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 can occur not only in a family but also in neighborhoods. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867623 | In the COVID-19 era, this approach could allow surgeons to carry out undeferrable surgeries, preventing viral transmission inside the operating room. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867666 | The pathophysiological understanding of the mode of transmission of COVID-9 and the possible molecular targets are exploring successively to fight against this contagious disease. […] The two main pathways of SARS-CoV-2 transmission include (1) droplet infection via the respiratory secretions or by close person to person contact whereas (2) faecal to oral route transmission is also possible. […] Here we reviewed briefly the current knowledge about COVID-19, considering the potential explanation of the mode of transmission and the different possible molecular drug targets. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867706 | The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have a higher transmission rate compared to SARS and MERS and involved 4 stages of evolution. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867851 | The regression model showed 17 indicators associated with transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32867874 | Although phased roll-out of testing impaired the ability to fully track on-unit transmission of COVID-19, 3% of cases were clearly identified as results of on-unit transmission. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868252 | Its capacity for human-to-human transmission through respiratory droplets, coupled with a high-level of population mobility, has resulted in a rapid dissemination worldwide. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868260 | Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals’ risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. […] SIT prepared students by emphasising compliance to all risk measures, addressing concerns of risk transmission, meeting learning objectives, and reassessing infection control competencies. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868631 | These recommendations may evolve as understanding of virus transmission and prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the community changes over the upcoming months. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868961 | Mass-gathering built environments such as hospitals, schools, and airports can become hot spots for pathogen transmission and exposure. […] To address the challenge, a novel framework is proposed in this study to enable robotic disinfection in built environments to reduce pathogen transmission and exposure. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868971 | The conjugation of SeNPs and AuNCs to anti-HIV gp41 antibodies was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential while the surface morphology was characterized by fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32868986 | The transmission mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 are mainly respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contact. […] The probability of transmission depends on the characteristics of the pathogen, the availability of quality personal protective equipment, and the human factors associated with the performance of health workers. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869006 | The estimation of transmission dynamics in the initial days of the outbreak of disease is crucial to control its spread in a new area. […] The present review provides sufficient evidence for the estimate of serial interval of COVID-19, which can help in understanding the epidemiology and transmission of the disease. […] The serial interval can be useful for policy makers including contract tracing and monitoring community transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869008 | The growth and transmission rates, doubling time, and reproductive number were estimated by least-mean-square fitting of daily cases. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869274 | We discuss the hypothesis that common Chest Drain Systems collected to a COVID-19 patient, could be a possible source of contamination for health care staff in a Thoracic Surgery ward and we propose an alternative way to minimize this further risk of transmission. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869363 | As all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been very little concern expressed over the effects on maternal health services. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869556 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is not differentiated clinically from other respiratory infections, and intensive care units (ICUs) are vulnerable to in-hospital transmission due to interventions inducing respiratory aerosols. […] A universal screening program for SARS-CoV-2 infection in ICUs with the coordination of other countermeasures in the hospital was reasonably effective in preventing in-hospital transmission in a pandemic situation and making clinical practices and HCP stable. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869769 | The risk of transmission of COVID-19 or other serious respiratory infections during a pandemic event can dissuade lay rescuers from practicing resuscitation maneuvers; this may result in a reduction in efficacy in the treatment of the subject with cardiorespiratory arrest; this can also happen in occupational settings for the “designed first aid worker”. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32869865 | To keep tabs on community transmission of COVID-19 infection screening of the samples from a large population is needed which includes asymptomatic/symptomatic individuals along with the migrant population. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870117 | Performing tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19 carries a risk of transmission to the surgical team due to potential viral particle aerosolization. […] Few studies have reported transmission rates to tracheotomy surgeons. […] We describe our safety practices and the transmission rate to our surgical team after performing tracheotomy on patients with COVID-19 during the peak of the pandemic at a US epicenter. […] Whether timing of tracheotomy following onset of symptoms affects the risk of transmission needs further study. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870159 | The survey revealed that close contacts play an important role in the transmission of the disease, and 28% of the participants lacked the necessary resources to properly isolate themselves. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870239 | To investigate potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 infection with epidemiologic evidence from a COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870698 | In early 2020, a new health threat arose with symptoms and mode of transmission comparable to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). […] Both SARS and the new disease, COVID-19, are caused by coronaviruses and share similar characteristics, especially their severity and high mortality rates and an apparently greater likelihood of transmission. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870707 | The role of fecal aerosols in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been suspected. […] No evidence was found for transmission via the elevator or elsewhere. […] On the basis of circumstantial evidence, fecal aerosol transmission may have caused the community outbreak of COVID-19 in this high-rise building. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870738 | Prevention of possible transmission through ocular secretions is still recommended. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32870979 | Military installations are at increased risk for the transmission of infectious disease. […] Personnel who live and train on military installations live and train near one another facilitating disease transmission. […] These interventions most likely proved effective in suppressing the transmission of communicable diseases. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32871151 | The current monitoring of transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is mainly based on reproduction number (R0) and fatality rates. […] However, this approach is a real-time monitoring of transmission dynamics for mitigating the numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32871294 | In the recent pandemic of COVID-19, this framework will help patients with upper respiratory symptoms to improve convenience in diagnosis and reduce transmission. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32871487 | Public health strategies to curb the spread of the coronavirus involve sheltering at home and social distancing are effective in reducing the transmission rate, but the unintended consequences of prolonged social isolation on mental health have not been investigated. | 2020-09-02 |
| 32871851 | Due to fast transmission and high fatality rate drastic emergency restrictions were issued. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32872337 | To prevent transmission of the coronavirus, we established the campus protection measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (CPMCV-19) and analyzed the effectiveness and cost in practice. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32872763 | Surgical, anesthetic, and postoperative workflows were designed to reduce the risk of transmission and protect HCWs while effectively performing spinal surgery. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32873269 | Great efforts are needed to cut down the transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32873363 | Outside of these recommendations to improve the effectiveness of cloth masks to reduce infection transmission, there is a need for countries to set up independent testing labs for homemade masks made based on locally available materials. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32873583 | Our comprehensive open-access data set will enable researchers to conduct robust interjurisdictional analyses of NPI impact in curtailing COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32873700 | Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and TMPRSS2 to facilitate entry to cells, but with SARS-CoV-2 human-to-human transmission is much higher than SARS-CoV. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32873808 | Our data provide a concrete framework for the use of SARS-CoV-2 genomics in public health responses, including its use to rapidly identify SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains, increasingly important as social restrictions ease globally. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874016 | It is a dynamic system with transmission and control as factors. […] The transmission rate between the susceptible and the self-quarantine susceptible is made to be time-variant, which is reasonable. […] The effect on daily confirmed cases for the transmission rate from susceptible to the exposed population due to the currently exposed and infectious is extensively investigated. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874019 | Herd immunity is a state the population reaches when most of the population is immune which results in the prevention of disease transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874038 | There has been conflicting information and weak evidence on the virus’s transmission through tears. […] Moreover, there have been no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through tonometry to date. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874663 | We describe the early spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the first human-to-human transmission networks, in Romania. […] Also, we analysed human-to-human transmission networks and explored their structural features and time dynamics. […] In Romania, local cycles of transmission were preceded by imported cases, predominantly from Italy. […] The early human-to-human transmission networks illustrated a limited geographical dispersion, the presence of super-spreaders and the risk of COVID-19 nosocomial infections. […] Human mobility (including migration) accounts for the COVID-19 transmission and it should be given consideration while tailoring prevention measures. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874703 | However, we may have under-estimated the disease transmission by small droplets or aerosols that contain SARS-CoV-2 virus. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874861 | Differences between the Bible Belt and the rest of the country were hardly detectable. the Dutch have shown a way to effectively slow down transmission while allowing more personal and economic freedom than most other countries. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874957 | Major concern is due to the droplets and aerosols of SARS CoV 2 causing the rapid spread and transmission. […] Now we propose the use of this same shield for the general public to reduce the transmission of SARS CoV2. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32874967 | Background: Lockdowns to prevent the community transmission of COVID-19 pandemic has confined the people at home and imposed social restrictions, which is expected to cause alterations in circadian driven sleep-wake schedule and its associated lifestyle behaviors. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32875175 | Due to uncertainties encompassing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, mathematical models informing the trajectory of disease are being proposed throughout the world. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32875494 | Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32875520 | The objective of social distancing is to slow the rate of viral transmission and thereby spread out the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases over time (i.e., flattening the curve) so that a surge of patients will not overwhelm the capacity of the healthcare system. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876019 | Conclusions: Early and careful implementation of modified practice policies during emerging situation of viral pandemics will reduce the risk of perioperative complications, reduce the risk of patient to staff to patient transmission and minimize the negative impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer management. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876127 | The pandemic and the health measures taken to control transmission were found to be associated with mental health problems in adolescents. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876241 | National governments and scientific field agents have been looking for evidence for the best practices of prevention and control of transmission, and care of infection and disease, including diagnosis, treatment, and health care measures. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876246 | In the other municipalities in these regions, the increase was observed in May, indicating a possible inland-bound COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876260 | During the covid-19 pandemic, physical distancing is being promoted to reduce the disease transmission and pressure on health systems. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876267 | Of the total of 18 cases of local transmission analyzed, 17% occurred in the presymptomatic and asymptomatic phase. […] Transmission from pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic is not negligible. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876277 | The early identification of individuals with SARS-CoV-2, who may actively and continuously spread the virus, allows adopting measures aimed at interrupting the local transmission cycle of this infection. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876296 | The consequences of COVID-19 infecting pregnant women and the potential risks of vertical transmission have become a major issue. […] Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32876726 | Airborne transmission, beyond the projection of droplets from upper airways, expose healthcare workers to a risk of viral infection. […] Aerosol generating procedures (AGP) increase the risk of viral transmission to staff within the operating room. […] The endoscopic approach may reduce the risk of viral transmission to operating room staff by reducing the need for mastoidectomy. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877014 | Fortunately, the available literature suggests that there is no substantial increased risk of acquiring COVID-19 in pregnancy or its increased virulence in pregnancy and labor and there are no adverse effects on fetus and neonate with negligible fetal transmission rate. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877308 | Due to high transmission rates from individual to individual, it has progressed to a pandemic. […] However, indirect transmission from inanimate objects or surfaces that have come in contact with a patient poses an even more significant threat as it is difficult to trace the source of infection in these cases. […] Several studies have looked into these agents and the transmission of the virus related to it. […] In this review, we have compiled and critically appraised some commonly used viricidal agents in healthcare settings and the role they can play in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877349 | During a time when rumors and excessive news threaten psychological well-being, these services allow for rapid transmission of information and may boost resilience. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877368 | Also, its unpredictability of mode or range of surface, the lifespan of the virus, objects of transmission (a distance of air/air currents, living duration in air, humidity, duration on objects, surface). | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877383 | The main environmental route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through droplets and fomites or surfaces, but there is a potential risk of virus spread also in smaller aerosols during various medical procedures causing airborne transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877395 | The main transmission ways of the new SARS-CoV-2 virus are respiratory droplets and direct and close contact with infected individuals and contaminated surfaces. […] Therefore, ventilation systems could provide a potential transmission channel for the viral load able to spread out in indoor air. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877420 | We developed a modified SEIR model, including confinement, asymptomatic transmission, quarantine and hospitalization. […] The rate of transmission is dynamic and derived from the observed delayed fatality rate; the parameters of the epidemics are derived with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877446 | In response to the first cases identified in the United States, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases were investigated to enable early identification and isolation of additional cases and to learn more about risk factors for transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877493 | The Brazilian Society of Nephrology prepared this document of good practices, whose technical recommendations deal with general measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of transmission and prevent the spread of the disease in the unit. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32877921 | These results support public health messaging that strict social distancing during most activities can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-03 |
| 32878481 | Tweetable abstract The reopening of schools in the fall entails risks given the controversies in pediatric COVID-19 pathogenesis and the ambiguous role of children in transmission. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32878677 | Governments worldwide have adopted different strategies and measures to interrupt the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-09-04 |
| 32878685 | These changes have shown the adaptability of general practice, helped keep patients and practice staff safe, and undoubtedly reduced community transmission and mortality. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32879096 | To guarantee the security of medical staff and recipients and to reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19, we have made detailed approaches to prevent COVID-19, which mainly included 6 aspects of preventive approaches, such as kidney transplant clinic, kidney transplant ward, patients on waiting-list for kidney transplantation, kidney transplant operation, medical staff self-protection, and postoperative follow-up of kidney transplant recipients. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32879100 | For a better medical work implementation of physician against COVID-19 and the interpretation of this viral transmission, the work guide was drawn up by Hunan Medical Association, Internal Medicine Specialized Committee. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32879107 | The patients have the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, but gastrointestinal symptoms (such as diarrhea) are more common, and the changes of white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, hypersensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin are more obvious in severe patients.The positivity of fecal nucleic acid suggests the possibility of digestive tract transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and fecal nucleic acid testing can be used as a routine testing method in clinical practice. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32879115 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, which has a strong virus transmission power and complex transmission routes. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32879123 | Residents had the highest score of major symptoms of COVID-19 (3.96±0.39), but the lowest was the main transmission routes (3.47±0.89). | 2020-09-04 |
| 32879306 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmitted through the respiratory route, but potential extra-respiratory routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remain uncertain. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880019 | These results suggest that the implementation of travel restrictions from highly affected areas to other provinces could considerably reduce the rate of transmission of the disease throughout the country. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880262 | We present our model for facility preparation based on colour-coded zones, social distancing, hand hygiene, rapid triage and separate management of symptomatic patients, and attention to infection transmission prevention between HCWs in communal staff areas. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880330 | It will keep physical manipulation of patient records to the minimum, and potentially assist in reducing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus among healthcare workers. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880398 | This column identifies some of the major decisions made during the period of the lockdown measures between March and July 2020, and reviews significant New South Wales judgments in relation to the lawfulness of mass gatherings during the period of lockdown as expert assessments of risks of community transmission of the virus waxed and waned. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880549 | Since community transmission of COVID-19 became established in South Africa, individuals who test positive for COVID-19 and who do not require hospitalisation have been permitted to self-isolate in their homes to reduce the burden on the health system. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880551 | Criminal law has previously been used to criminalise intentional transmission of HIV in both South Africa (SA) and other countries. […] This article explores whether SA’s existing HIV criminalisation laws can be applied to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and the potential effect such measures could have on efforts to control the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880557 | We summarise evidence from a rapid Cochrane review on the effect of quarantine alone v. quarantine plus combination measures to prevent transmission of and mortality caused by COVID-19. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880558 | In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous countries worldwide declared national states of emergency and implemented interventions to minimise the risk of transmission among the public. […] Evidence was needed to inform strategies for limiting COVID-19 transmission on public transport. […] On 20 March 2020, we searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and the World Health Organization’s database of ‘Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)’ to conduct a rapid review on interventions that reduce viral transmission on public ground transport. […] These studies suggest an increased risk of viral transmission with public transportation use that may be reduced with improved ventilation. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880786 | Several studies have reported conflicting results on ocular manifestations and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, belongs to the coronavirus family, the seventh recognized as a human pathogen and the third causing a severe clinical syndrome. […] Comparing the relation between the animal-to-human transmitted coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-Cov-2, MERS-CoV, CoV-229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1) and the eye may contribute to determining their actual eye-tissue tropism and risk of ocular transmission. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32880957 | Rapid replication of individual viruses is selected for, but if this replication debilitates the host before transmission occurs, the entire group of viruses in that host may perish. […] Thus, rapid transmission can favor more pathogenic strains, while slower transmission can favor less pathogenic strains. […] Indeed, high population density and other circumstances that favor rapid transmission may also favor more deadly strains. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881055 | There is no evidence at the moment to show vertical transmission and intrauterine virus infections in fetuses when women develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881088 | In almost all countries worldwide, wearing a mask is mandatory in public places, public transportation services and in hospitals and is strongly recommended in other open or closed areas to avoid the transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881590 | It is clear that the major mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is the airborne route, through inhalation of virus-infested aerosols and droplets. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881628 | This review provides current perspectives on morphology, genetic diversity, transmission characteristics, replication cycle, diagnostic approaches, epidemiological assessment, and prevention strategies against the SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881850 | ¶ An overnight camp in Georgia recently reported SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission among campers and staff members when nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were not strictly followed (1); however, NPIs have been successfully used to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission among military basic trainees (2). […] During June-August 2020, four overnight camps in Maine implemented several NPIs to prevent and mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including prearrival quarantine, pre- and postarrival testing and symptom screening, cohorting, use of face coverings, physical distancing, enhanced hygiene measures, cleaning and disinfecting, and maximal outdoor programming. […] Following isolation of these persons and quarantine of their contacts, no secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. […] These findings can inform similar multilayered public health strategies to prevent and mitigate the introduction and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children, adolescents, and adults in congregate settings, such as overnight camps, residential schools, and colleges. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881851 | Community mitigation strategies can lower the risk for disease transmission by limiting or preventing person-to-person interactions (2). | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881855 | Enhanced screening, including frequent testing of frontline HCP, and universal use of face coverings in hospitals are two strategies that could reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32881980 | Widespread human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also presents a new set of challenges when considering viral spillover from people to naïve wildlife and other animal populations. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32882309 | A significantly higher possibility of viral transmission exists through tears in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32882435 | It also decreases the risk of transmission of SARS-Cov-2 between patients and health professionals. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32882743 | However, neonatal critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 is still a possibility; thus, isolation precautions (such as avoiding skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding) and vertical transmission should be studied thoroughly. […] · For SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, reducing transmission of infection to newborns is crucial.. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32883010 | to provide a prospective on the current mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells and replicates, and its implications for ocular transmission. […] The literature was analyzed to understand ocular transmission as well as molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells and replicates. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32883217 | The family cluster is one of most important modes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission throughout China, and more details are needed about how family clusters cause the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] In a family cluster, having dinner together may be an important mode for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] For someone who has close contact with a confirmed case, 14-day isolation is necessary to contain virus transmission. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32883580 | In the current era of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a significant risk to the transmission of infection to the theatre staff. […] For protection against airborne transmission, appropriate masks should be used. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32883935 | Therefore, there is considerable curiosity about the genome evolution related to the origin, transmission and vaccine impact of this virus. […] We have analysed genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from Indian patients to gain an in-depth understanding of genomic evolution and transmission in India. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32884185 | However, it is also our responsibility to stop the human-to-human transmission chain and conserve the medical resources for rational use. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32884218 | Primary method of transmission was firstly thought to be animal to human transmission. […] The aim of this review is firstly, to briefly update what is known about the origin and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but mainly to focus on the manifestations of the GI tract and their pathophysiological background, so that physicians on the one hand, not to underestimate or disregard digestive symptoms due to the small number of patients exhibiting exclusively this symptomatology and on the other, to have SARS-CoV-2 on their mind when the “gastroenteritis” type symptoms predominate. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32884373 | China implemented extraordinary public health measures to take the major transmission hotspots under control at great socioeconomic cost. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32884965 | However, Black patients were disproportionately represented in hospitalizations, suggesting that prevention efforts should include strategies to limit SARS-CoV-2 exposures and transmission in Black communities as one step toward reducing COVID-19-related racial inequities. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32885641 | Given that the main route of transmission is airborne, otorhinolaryngologists are at increased risk of infection. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32885777 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32886331 | We have carried out a systematic review to summarize the origin, transmission and etiology of COVID-19. […] The structural analysis of the spike protein and its disordered residues explains the mechanism of the viral transmission. […] The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is higher compared to that of the closely related SARS-CoV infections. […] These can be probable reasons for the higher transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32886737 | It is important to determine whether vertical transmission of COVID-19 occurs and the mechanisms for its development. […] Based on a number of clinical and laboratory findings it has been suggested that transplacental transmission may be occurring, but a method to confirm this is necessary. […] This communication analyzes and evaluates the covariables that have been discussed as potential indicators of vertical and, specifically, intrauterine transmission including the timing of onset of neonatal illness, neonatal viral test positivity, neonatal antibody testing for IgG and IgM, and viral analysis of swabs of whole specimens of placental tissue. […] None of these methods can provide confirmatory evidence that infection developed prior to labor and delivery, or that transplacental transmission occurred. […] Evaluating placentas from neonates with COVID-19 using these methods will be instrumental in determining the potential role and prevalence of transplacental transmission of the coronavirus. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32886846 | Thorough screening of incoming patients, separation of diagnostic and treatment areas, regional management, hierarchical protection, disinfection protocols, and other measures were enforced to prevent virus transmission during endoscopic treatments. | 2020-09-04 |
| 32887014 | The analysis demonstrated a strong correlation (R2 > 0.7) between increment in air pollution and an increase in the risk of COVID-19 transmission within London boroughs. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32887569 | There was no evidence of vertical transmission. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32887660 | Therefore, this systematic review was aimed to assess the effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and its possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission. […] In the current review, none of the studies reported transmission of CoV from the mother to the fetus in utero during the study period. […] None of the studies reported transmission of CoV from the mother to the fetus in utero, which may be due to a very low expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in early maternal-fetal interface cells. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32887695 | Most of the news releases were prescriptive, conveying recommendations and mandates to slow transmission. […] Cross-jurisdictional variations in messaging reflected local realities, such as evidence of community transmission. […] Messaging also reflected changing information about the pandemic over time, shifting from a tone of reassurance early on, to a sudden emphasis on social distancing measures, to a concern with public responsibility to slow transmission. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32887735 | In addition, we show that the first reported case of community transmission in Arizona descended from the Washington state outbreak that was discovered in late February. […] Notably, none of the observed transmission clusters are epidemiologically linked to the original travel-related case in the state, suggesting successful early isolation and quarantine. […] Finally, we use molecular clock analyses to demonstrate a lack of identifiable, widespread cryptic transmission in Arizona prior to the middle of February 2020. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32887803 | Here we develop a stochastic model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission among an interconnected group of population centers representing counties, municipalities, and districts (collectively, “counties”). | 2020-09-05 |
| 32888118 | To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32888186 | While COVID-19 is rarely detected in urine of infected individuals, infection transmission through urine still remains possible. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32888287 | SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as target receptor, so ACE2 plays a central role for viral transmission and initial organ involvement. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32888706 | Children do not appear to be major drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with minimal secondary virus transmission demonstrated within families, schools and community settings. […] This article summarises the current available data regarding SARS-CoV-2 and the paediatric population, including the spectrum of disease in children, the role of children in virus transmission, and host-virus factors that underpin the unique aspects of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity in children. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32889290 | These results provide a framework for examining further COVID-19 cases in nursing homes and highlight the need to include other community-level variables when considering risk of COVID-19 transmission and outbreaks in nursing homes. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32889688 | However, public health education on COVID-19 relevant knowledge by mental health professionals was inadequate to reduce the risk of transmission and infection. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32890414 | Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the causes of re-positive nucleic acid tests and the potential transmission of the disease provides the basis for the management and protection of discharged patients with COVID-19. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32890975 | Sexual minority men who use drugs have high sexual HIV transmission risk. […] Sexual minority men who use drugs are significantly more likely to engage in sexual behaviors that place them at risk for HIV and COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32891073 | Students had high correct response rates in questions asking about transmission method, treatment, zoonotic transmission and medications to be avoided. | 2020-09-05 |
| 32891155 | Using the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR) model, and including measures such as city closures and extended leave policies implemented by the Chinese government that effectively reduced the β value, we estimated that the β value and basic transmission number, R0, of SARS-CoV-2 was 0.476/6.66 in Wuhan, 0.359/5.03 in Korea, and 0.400/5.60 in Italy. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32891326 | In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, governmental agencies, state medical boards, and healthcare organizations have called for restricting “elective” operations to mitigate the risk of transmission of the virus amongst patients and healthcare providers and to preserve essential resources for potential regional surges of COVID patients. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32891579 | Conscious of the many challenges presented in settings with abundance of resources and with robust health systems, where mortality has been significant and transmission difficult to control, there was a logical concern to see how the virus could impact African countries, and their fragile and weak health systems. […] Such an anticipated “tsunami”, with potentially devastating consequences, seems however to not have yet arrived, and African countries, albeit witnessing an increasing degree of autochthonous transmission, seem to this day relatively unaffected by the pandemic. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32891677 | Basic principles to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission are social distancing, face masks, contact tracing and early detection of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32891737 | Asymptomatic individuals carrying SARS-CoV-2 are hidden drivers of the pandemic, and infectivity studies confirm the existence of transmission by asymptomatic individuals. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32891829 | The transmission of COVID-19 between the surgical patients and medical staff was also recorded. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32891990 | As a preventive measure against the pandemic, government authorities worldwide have implemented and adopted strict policy interventions such as lockdown, social distancing, and quarantine to curtail the disease transmission. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32892060 | While the integration of technology-based contact tracing applications to combat COVID-19 and break transmission chains promise to yield better results, these technologies face challenges such as technical limitations, dealing with asymptomatic individuals, lack of supporting ICT infrastructure and electronic health policy, socio-economic inequalities, deactivation of mobile devices’ WIFI, GPS services, interoperability and standardization issues, security risks, privacy issues, political and structural responses, ethical and legal risks, consent and voluntariness, abuse of contact tracing apps, and discrimination. | 2020-09-06 |
| 32892325 | No evidence of vertical transmission was found in this study whether the pregnant women developed coronavirus infection in the third (14 cases) or second trimester (1 case). | 2020-09-06 |
| 32893295 | Based on genomic CpG dinucleotide patterns in different coronaviruses from different hosts, it was suggested that SARS-CoV-2 might have evolved in a canid gastrointestinal tract prior to transmission to humans. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32893532 | Fever, cough, and dyspnea are the three common symptoms of the condition, whereas the conventional transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 is through droplets entering the respiratory tract. […] However, ignoring potential faecal transmission and the gastrointestinal involvement of SARS-CoV-2 may result in mistakes in attempts to control the pandemic. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894217 | Understanding and mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission hinges on antibody and viral RNA data that inform exposure and shedding, but extensive variation in assays, study group demographics and laboratory protocols across published studies confounds inference of true biological patterns. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894286 | However, little is known about the roles of social and geospatial networks in COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894686 | As the disease continues to spread worldwide, little is known about the country-level factors affecting the transmission in the early weeks. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894699 | In order to deescalate the transmission rate and to avoid crush loading the countries medical health systems social distancing, face masks, and lockdowns have been considered essential by the majority of governments. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894747 | Furthermore, data suggest two known factors that contribute to high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissibility-presymptomatic transmission and asymptomatic case presentations-may be amplified in AYA. […] Policy decisions that limit public health attention on AYA and are driven by the assumption of insignificant forward transmission from AYA pose a risk to inadvertently reinvigorate local transmission dynamics. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894803 | As the COVID-19 outbreak unfolds, more and more pregnant women are infected with SARS-CoV-2, concerns have been raised about its clinical manifestations in pregnancy and the potential risk of vertical transmission from mother to fetus in pregnant women. […] Hence, in this review, we summarize the latest research progress related to COVID-19 epidemiology and the reported data of pregnant women with COVID-19 and discuss the clinical manifestations, treatments, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of such virus. […] Reported data suggest that symptoms in pregnant women are similar to those in other populations and that there is no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to child. | 2020-09-07 |
| 32894968 | Establishing a national maternal health network, relying on mechanisms for timely reporting, monitoring, and following-up, preparing guidelines and protocols required for COVID-19 management in pregnant women though a multidisciplinary team working approach, and embedding the precautions of reducing transmission in maternity care were the main measures taken to cope with COVID-19 in pregnancy. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32895065 | The observed reduction of ~70% in the incidence density of HCFA CDI in a context of no reduction in antibiotic use supports the importance of reducing nosocomial transmission by healthcare workers and asymptomatic colonized patients, reinforcing cleaning procedures and reducing patient mobility in the epidemiological control of CDI. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32895613 | •The risk of sexual transmission is still unanswered, and thus it is recommended to have sex with people close to yourself•There is no evidence to support recommendations for sexual practices with casual partners. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32895614 | Thus, the oral and nasal mucosae serve as the main routes and reservoirs for aerosolized transmission of the viral particles to the external environment and hence infection transmission. […] Therefore, we hypothesize that using statins-based prophylactic mouthwashes will reduce COVID-19 transmission in dental settings. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32895629 | Further, due to the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and stool samples, its transmission through water routes cannot be neglected. […] The key objective of the present study is to provide an insight into the distribution of viruses in wastewater, as well as the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and its possible transmission by the faecal-oral route. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32895643 | It is necessary to continuously monitor the genetic variation of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the influence of key mutation sites of SARS-CoV-2 on viral transmission, clinical manifestations, severity, and course of disease. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32895799 | These data can potentially contribute to a better risk assessment of aerogenic SARS-CoV-2-transmission caused by medical procedures. […] Assuming that particle and aerosol exposure is clinically correlated to the risk of SARS-CoV-2-transmission from the patient to the physician, a potential risk for health care professionals for infection cannot be excluded. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32896226 | The virus is highly infectious and spreads by human to human local transmission mode. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32896496 | In order to curb the transmission and better managed the clusters, Malaysia imposed the Movement Control Order (MCO) which is now in its fourth phase. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32896604 | Further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of 222-nm UVC irradiation in reducing the contamination of real-world surfaces and the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is needed. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32896785 | We aim to identify the risk factors for the transmission of COVID-19 using data on mainland China. […] Generalized additive model and stratified linear mixed-effects model were developed to identify the effects of multiple meteorological factors on local transmission. […] In conclusion, transportation and meteorological factors may play important roles in the transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China, and could be integrated in consideration by public health alarm systems to better prevent the disease. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32896833 | The response strategy has involved implementing measures like social distancing, and care delivery modalities like telemedicine have been promoted to reduce the risk of transmission. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32897177 | The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was the result of the rapid transmission of a highly pathogenic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for which there is no efficacious vaccine or therapeutic. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32897216 | The respondents had a high awareness of person-to-person transmission of the virus through the respiratory tract or droplets but showed a relatively low level of awareness of the population susceptible to COVID-19 and its specific symptoms. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32897373 | A stay-at-home social distancing mandate is a key nonpharmacological measure to reduce the transmission rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), but a high rate of adherence is needed. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32898256 | Because COVID-19 and influenza have similar means of transmission, it is hypothesized that NPIs targeting COVID-19 may also affect influenza transmission. […] In this study, the extent to which NPIs targeting COVID-19 have affected seasonal influenza transmission was explored. […] These findings suggest that NPIs aimed at controlling COVID-19 significantly reduced the seasonal influenza transmission in China. (105 words). | 2020-09-08 |
| 32898272 | Facility-wide testing in congregate settings allowed for identification and isolation of COVID-19 cases and is an important strategy to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32898340 | Finally, remaining challenges in COVID-19 diagnostic testing are discussed, including (a) the lack of universal standards for diagnostic testing; (b) the identification of appropriate sample collection site(s); (c) the difficulty in performing large population screening; and (d) the limited understanding of SARS-COV-2 viral invasion, replication, and transmission. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32898410 | The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted individuals and groups all across the globe as countries and cities face widespread lockdown to limit transmission of the virus. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32898920 | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes to perinatal and neonatal care, concentrating on minimizing risks of transmission to the newborn and health care staff while ensuring medical care is not compromised for both mother and infant. […] Health care providers fearing risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) maternal-infant transmission may veer toward restricted breastfeeding practices. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32898942 | Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the reproductive numbers (R) for each epidemic stage to analyze the effects of the preventive measures and to predict the COVID-19 transmission trends. […] We estimated the transmission rates for each epidemic stage by fitting a COVID-19 transmission model, based on a deterministic mathematical model, to the data on confirmed cases. | 2020-09-08 |
| 32899885 | However, the only evidence of viral transmission through surgical smoke to medical staff is post-laser ablation of HPV-positive genital warts. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32900215 | The experiences of South Korea in controlling the transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is valuable as a successful strategic plan. […] Based on an analysis of the available information and statistics published by the government, World Health Organization, and local organizations, this research was searching for not only the effective approaches in controlling the transmission but also the effective factors that roots in Korean cultural background and lifestyle. […] The critical points in controlling the virus transmission in Korea have been to respond promptly, besides of designing an active system of tracing, and early detection. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32900399 | A compartmental model based on SEIR that includes the risk perception of the population by an additional differential equation and uses an implicit time-dependent transmission rate is constructed. […] Within this model, the transmission rate depends on temperature, population and government actions which in turn depend on time. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32900402 | COVID-19 transmission to HCP was associated with medical exposures currently considered lower-risk and multiple extra-occupational exposures, and exposures associated with proper use of appropriate PPE were protective. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32900417 | The probability of detecting positive cases of COVID-19 in Ecuador was higher than Iceland and South Korea, since the diagnostic tests were aimed at symptomatic patients, without identifying asymptomatic or mild symptomatic, who play an important role in the transmission of the disease. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32900420 | However, the extensive use of cloth masks in conjunction with other preventative measures such as social distancing and handwashing can potentially reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32901196 | Knowing well the persistence, transmission, and spread of SARS-CoV-2 through proximity, the faecal-oral route is now emerging as a major environmental concern to community transmission. […] The replication and persistence of CoV in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and shedding through stools is indicating a potential transmission route to the environment settings. […] Despite of the evidence, based on fewer reports on SARS-CoV-2 occurrence and persistence in wastewater/sewage/water, the transmission of the infective virus to the community is yet to be established. […] In this realm, this communication attempted to review the possible influx route of the enteric enveloped viral transmission in the environmental settings with reference to its occurrence, persistence, detection, and inactivation based on the published literature so far. […] The possibilities of airborne transmission through enteric virus-laden aerosols, environmental factors that may influence the viral transmission, and disinfection methods (conventional and emerging) as well as the inactivation mechanism with reference to the enveloped virus were reviewed. […] This communication will provide a basis to understand the SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses in the context of the environmental engineering perspective to design effective strategies to counter the enteric virus transmission and also serves as a working paper for researchers, policy makers and regulators. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32901229 | To date, several modes of transmission such as droplet, contact, airborne, blood borne, and fomite have been described as plausible. […] The risk of transmission varies in magnitude and depends on the infectivity of the shed virus in biological samples and the patient population involved. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32901393 | Since drugs or vaccines are still not available, the described framework highlights the importance of the containment measures to be able to quickly identify all the potential transmission hotspots and keep control subsequent epidemic waves of COVID-19. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32901696 | Our results support that SARS-CoV-2 probably started to spread locally in all western countries analysed between mid-January and mid-February 2020, thus long before community transmission was officially recognised and control measures were implemented. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32901699 | The city is home to a university and has a large flow of people from different parts of the country, as well as being one of the first municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina to report cases of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32902023 | Clinical ophthalmological guidelines encourage the assessment of potential benefits and harms when deciding whether to perform elective ophthalmology procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to minimize the risk of disease transmission. […] We performed probability calculations to estimate COVID-19 infection status and likelihood of disease transmission among neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients and health-care workers during anti-VEGF procedures, at various community prevalence levels of COVID-19. […] Unless COVID-19 prevalence is very high, the reduced disease burden from avoiding visual impairment outweighs the expected HALYs lost from COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32902193 | WHO declared it as a pandemic due to rapid transmission and severity of the disease. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32902348 | Several syndemic conditions have been linked with HIV acquisition and transmission among SGML including immigration, discrimination, environmental racism, substance use, and mental health. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32902367 | The exponential growth of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission during the first months of 2020 has placed substantial pressure on most health systems around the world. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32902940 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has transient overexpression and increased activity during pregnancy, which is now confirmed as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and plays essential roles in human infection and transmission. […] The newborn should be in isolation ward immediately after birth; breastfeeding is not contraindicated but should avoid direct transmission infection. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903196 | We explore the opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of disinfection robots to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in health care and educational settings. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903223 | Social distancing is principally intended to reduce infectious disease transmission by decreasing interactions among people in a broader community. […] Egyptians had good perception for social distancing to prevent transmission of COVID 19, but they were not strictly practicing it. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903229 | Moreover, family-based transmission should not be ignored, especially in local cases. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903453 | SAFER Dentistry is innovative, avoids risk, and responds to the requirements of a pandemic and post-pandemic emergency where the risk of airborne disease transmission remains high. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903561 | Although the evidence of ACE2-IR in the feline GIT does not necessarily indicate the possibility of viral replication and SARS-CoV-2 spread with stool, the findings in the present study could serve as an anatomical basis for additional studies considering the risk of the SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission between cats/felids, and between cats/felids and humans. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903802 | The rapid spread of COVID-19 has expanded into a pandemic, for which the main containment strategies to reduce transmission are social distancing and isolation of ill persons. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903810 | Prevention strategies to control the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as closing of schools, refraining from gathering, and social distancing, have direct impacts on mental well-being. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903877 | More than 85% of respondents were well aware of the main clinical symptoms of COVID-19, its transmission by close contact, its prevention by not going to crowded places and isolation of infected persons. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903950 | This case highlights the importance of appropriate protection of the health care staff and education in minimizing the risk of transmission of the infection and maintaining the health care system. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32903998 | Performing tracheostomy on these patients without delay did not lead to coronavirus disease 2019 viral transmission to the tracheostomy team as evident by lack of symptoms and negative antibody testing. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904057 | There are two routes of transmission for this virus, the first route is the direct transmission, through cough or droplet inhalation, while the second route is through contact, for example, contact with oral and nasal mucous membranes; consequently, extensive and intensive measures should be taken to decrease the transmission of COVID-19 from person to person. […] Due to the nature of dental work and its procedures, the dental professionals are in a high risk of transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904125 | The transmission of virus through aerosols produced by high- and low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringes, or an infected patient coughing, and even when taking intraoral radiographs has made it difficult for dental personnel to provide even the most basic services to the needful. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904371 | This article aims to review the evidence for the role of textiles in the transmission of infection, outline current procedures for laundering healthcare textiles and review studies evaluating the decontamination efficacy of domestic and industrial laundering. […] Pubmed, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched for publications pertaining to the survival and transmission of microorganisms on textiles with a particular focus on the healthcare environment. […] Industrial laundering of healthcare worker uniforms provides greater assurances of adequate decontamination compared to domestic laundering, due to the ability to monitor laundering parameters; this is of particular importance during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimise any risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904401 | However, the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 is unclear, bringing huge difficult to virus control. […] Using this tool, we have found critical clues for the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 which would provide theoretical support for the epidemic control of pathogenic coronaviruses. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904452 | To quantify risk of development of COVID-19 owing to in-hospital transmission related to an EP procedure, in the setting of preventive measures instituted in our laboratory areas. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904491 | The findings show that China’s crude oil futures behave as a net risk receiver in the global crude oil system, in which Brent and WTI play the leading roles in risk transmission in the system. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904494 | Almost all of the participants were aware of the causative agent, the clinical manifestations and the ways of transmission of COVID-19. […] Among respondents, 89.8% had a positive attitude on the importance of following WHO recommendations in reducing the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904548 | Owing to the widespread transmission, high population density, high testing capacity and ineffective treatment, a continuous rise in cases was observed due to the pandemic in India. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904652 | Patients with rheumatic diseases were aware of the general clinical features, routes of transmission, and general preventive measures regarding COVID-19 and did not significantly change their treatment practices. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904682 | The main way of transmission is from person to person through droplet nuclei. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904838 | These mathematical models play a significant role in the understanding of COVID-19 transmission mechanisms, structures, and features. […] Mathematical models address the need for understanding the transmission dynamics and other significant factors of the disease that would aid policymakers to make accurate decisions and reduce the rate of transmission of the disease. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904846 | The lack of treatment options for COVID-19 has raised many concerns among populations worldwide, which has led to many attempts to find alternative options to prevent the transmission of the disease or to alleviate the progression of the infection, including focusing more on preventive measures (to prevent transmission to other individuals) and the use of natural products and herbal extracts to increase immunity and decrease the probability of getting infected. […] Our study demonstrated that the general population in Saudi Arabia has a moderate level of knowledge about COVID-19 transmission and preventive measures. […] Policymakers are suggested to provide further educational campaigns that increase population knowledge about the disease transmission routes and preventive measures. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904860 | As several cases, with an absence of travel history to the majorly affected areas were identified, a strong possibility of community transmission could have been possible. […] Broadly, two modes of transmission of COVID-19 exist-direct and indirect. […] The direct mode includes (1) transmission via aerosols formed via surgical and dental procedures and/or in the form of respiratory droplet nuclei; (2) other body fluids and secretions, for example, feces, saliva, urine, semen, and tears; and (3) mother-to-child. […] Indirect transmission may occur via (1) fomites or surfaces (e.g., furniture and fixtures) present within the immediate environment of an infected patient and (2) objects used on the infected person (e.g., stethoscope or thermometer). | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904886 | The virus is spread by both droplet (visible drops) and aerosol (practically invisible drops) transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32904942 | Coughs are one of the primary means of transmission of diseases such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). | 2020-09-09 |
| 32905156 | In this article, the mathematical model with different compartments for the transmission dynamics of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is presented under the fractional-order derivative. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32905336 | Working with transport providers to minimize cross-infection between patients during transport was one of the measures taken to stop disease transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32905595 | In summary, the low molecular prevalence and lack of viable SARS-CoV-2 virus in fomites and air samples implied low nosocomial risk SARS-CoV-2 transmission through inanimate objects or aerosols. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32905791 | Repeal of medically unnecessary state and federal abortion restrictions in the United States would allow for evidence-based telemedicine abortion care, thereby lowering risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32905851 | As symptoms are usually mild and seroconversion occurs at low frequencies, it remains unclear whether children significantly contribute to community transmission. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32906197 | The following is an overview of the epidemiology and impact on resources, the caseload and surgical societal implemented recommendations, the description of the ECMO activity and nosocomial transmission among healthcare workers. | 2020-09-09 |
| 32907660 | It was observed a fair level of COVID-19 symptoms knowledge by these dentists (3.76±1.27 of 6.00), as well as a disbelieve in the actual personal protective equipment (3,382; 83.55%) and biosafety procedures (3,278; 80.98%) utilized as an efficient form of COVID-19 transmission prevention. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32907694 | The paper concludes that the country may make appropriate and possible effective short-term preparedness measures to halt or slow the transmission of the virus, and deal with its current implications as well as it may pay significant attention to long-term measures to deal effectively with COVID-19 longer-term effects. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32907790 | Nosocomial transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a preventable risk to the patient population and radiographer workforce. […] This article aims to describe the prevention of COVID-19 nosocomial transmission during radiographic procedures by the utilization of stringent infection prevention measures at a leading tertiary hospital in Singapore. […] Despite the handling of 1637 COVID-19 cases as of July 25, 2020, there has not been a single case of known nosocomial transmission of the disease in the institution. […] The absence of nosocomial transmission suggests that the implemented measures are adequate. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32908331 | The workings of infection transmission from individual to individual through a network of social contacts, is driven by the dynamics of the threshold mechanism of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32908746 | What has been established, however, is the recommendation for healthcare workers to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for both contact and airborne precautions to prevent transmission of the pathogen-adding another barrier to care for vulnerable populations. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909024 | A dominant route for transmission is via air-borne aerosols and droplets. […] We survey these gaps, especially as pertaining to the transmission of the disease, and suggest questions that can (and need to) be tackled, both in response to COVID-19 and to better prepare for future viral pandemics. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909060 | Adoption of loss of smell into the case definition by international public health bodies will facilitate control of disease transmission. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909226 | Third, the OH approach highlights the need for an effective institutional landscape, facilitating adequate regulation of hotspots for transmission of infectious agents among animals and humans, such as live animal markets. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909472 | When it was clear that there was human-to-human transmission in the epidemic in Wuhan that started in January 2020, the Vietnamese government, health care system, and civil society were rapidly mobilized. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909761 | As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread, a detailed understanding on the transmission mechanisms is of paramount importance. […] Although models for the evaporation and trajectory of respiratory droplets have been developed, how the environment impacts the transmission of COVID-19 is still unclear. […] This study contributes to the understanding of the environmental impact on COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909955 | A better understanding of the influenza epidemiology among primary care workers could guide future recommendations to prevent transmission in primary care practices. […] Such an approach is of particular relevance in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as its findings could apply to other infectious diseases with similar mechanisms of transmission. […] This could prove to be highly useful in primary care settings and guide future recommendations to prevent transmission. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32909973 | We have, therefore, also stressed the need to prevent transmission of COVID-19 by measures other than PPE and to conserve PPE by reduction of patient volume, limiting procedures to urgent or emergent, and reducing the number of staff and trainees involved in procedures. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32910210 | Despite rapidly evolving knowledge about COVID 19 infection, routes of perinatal COVID 19 transmission and viral load in mother neonate dyad remain uncertain. […] Risk of transmission from COVID 19 positive mother to neonate by rooming-in and breastfeeding is low. […] What is New: • Risk of transmission of COVID 19 from mother to neonate, with rooming-in and breastfeeding, appears low. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32911123 | Our results strongly suggest that the virus was undergoing community transmission earlier than previously believed, and suggest that wastewater analysis could be sensitive and cost-effective strategy for COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32911131 | The effect of mandated societal lockdown to reduce the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on road traffic accidents is not known. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32911141 | Faecal-oral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is yet to be validated, but it is a critical issue and additional research is needed to elucidate the risks of the novel coronavirus in sanitation systems. […] In addition, estimated risks for the aggressive and extreme scenarios (2.6 × 10-3 and 1.3 × 10-2, respectively) were likely to be above the derived tolerable infection risk for SARS-CoV-2 of 5.5 × 10-4 pppy, thus reinforcing the concern of sewage systems as a possible transmission pathway of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32911161 | The current perspective examines the latest evidence on the occurrence, persistence and faecal-oral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent causing COVID-19. […] Shell disorder analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 has a rigid outer shell conferring resilience, and a low shell disorder conferring moderate potential for faecal-oral transmission. […] Taken together, these findings point to potential faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which may partly explain its rapid transmission. […] Three potential mechanisms may account for SARS-CoV-2 faecal-oral transmission: (1) untreated contaminated drinking water, (2) raw and poorly cooked marine and aquatic foods from contaminated sources, (3) raw wastewater-based vegetatble production systems (e.g., salads) and aquaculture, and (4) vector-mediated transmission from faecal sources to foods, particularly those from open markets and street vending. […] SARS-CoV-2 faecal-oral transmission could be particularly high in developing countries due to several risk factors, including; (1) poor drinking water, wastewater and sanitation infrastructure, (2) poor hygiene and food handling practices, (3) unhygienic and rudimentary funeral practices, including home burials close to drinking water sources, and (4) poor social security and health care systems with low capacity to cope with disease outbreaks. […] Future research directions on COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission are highlighted. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32911234 | Whether vertical transmission or placental pathology might occur following maternal infection during pregnancy remains unknown. | 2020-09-10 |
| 32911751 | During the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, healthcare systems worldwide have to prevent nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission while maintaining duty of care. […] In our study, we characterize the transmission dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs) at the University Hospital Münster (UHM) in northwest Germany. […] In addition, transmission was evaluated in the context of infection control measures established during the pandemic and we compared the epidemiological data of all index cases, including symptoms and Ct values of virology test results. […] For both scenarios, HCWs had a higher attack rate illustrating their role in healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Taken together, our experiences demonstrate how infection control measures can minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the healthcare setting. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912123 | These genomic transformations are associated with mutation which favors the CoV for evolution and with better adaptation employing hijacking targeted host cells more appropriately towards faster transcription and replication, and infect human by transmission through direct or indirect contact of the infected individuals through inhaling droplets originated by coughing or sneezing in infected people. […] For proper understanding, in this review, we implicated how CoV binds to host receptors, and we provide brief introduction of the mutation, replication, transmission and pathogenicity of this virus. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912352 | These non-pharmaceutical interventions, including public masking and social distancing, coupled with early and aggressive identification, isolation, and contact tracing to inhibit local transmission represent a model for optimal public health management of COVID-19 and future emerging infectious diseases. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912354 | However, the rate of transmission has recently picked up in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912363 | Influenza is not causally associated with COVID-19, but shares population-based determinants, such as similar incidence/mortality trends, transmission patterns, efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions, comorbidities and underdiagnosis. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912388 | We then assessed the association between aCFR and sociodemographic, health care and transmission factors using multivariate regression analysis.RESULTS: The overall aCFR in Italy was estimated at 17.4%. […] These findings highlight the importance of social distancing to suppress transmission to avoid overwhelming the health care system and reduce the risk of death. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912655 | Tracheostomy facilitates respiratory and sedative weaning but risks potential viral transmission. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912748 | Most centers used the recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) by GI societies however there is still a possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in GI endoscopy units. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912808 | The questionnaire was divided into 6 parts consisting of 39 questions for a total possible score of 0 to 39; to assess the participants’ general knowledge [10 items]; symptoms knowledge [2 items]; transmission knowledge [6 items]; preventive knowledge [4 items]; treatment knowledge [6 items], and public knowledge of governmental and international efforts [10 items]. […] A total of 726 participants participated, 97.5% of them knew the main clinical symptoms of coronaviruses. 99% believed that following the etiquette of coughing, sneezing, or wearing a medical mask is important to reduce infection transmission. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32912998 | Here, we elucidate when, where and how the earliest sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission networks became established in Europe and North America. […] Other, later introductions of the virus from China to both Italy and to Washington State founded the earliest sustained European and North America transmission networks. […] Our analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of public health measures in preventing onward transmission and show that intensive testing and contact tracing could have prevented SARS-CoV-2 from becoming established. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32913002 | Genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 allows reconstruction of its transmission history, although this is contingent on sampling. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32913365 | The importance of the age-structure of confirmed cases likely reflects several factors, including different testing regimes and differences in transmission trajectories; while increasing age-specific case-fatality rates in Italy could indicate other factors, such as the worsening health outcomes of those infected with COVID-19. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914093 | There is evidence that mask use may decrease the rates of viral transmission. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914141 | Scientists worldwide are engaged in attempts to elucidate the transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of the causative coronavirus. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914175 | The continuous supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the National Health Service (NHS) is paramount to reduce transmission of COVID-19 to patients, public, and staff. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914396 | Our results suggest that the use of KTEO may be a feasible strategy for reducing the transmission of pathogens in health care setting and may be complementary to surface cleaning protocols. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914668 | Physical distancing recommendations to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV2-19 virus increase the risk of social isolation and loneliness, which are associated with negative outcomes including anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and mortality. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914746 | We investigated data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected 0-19 year olds, who attended schools/childcare facilities, to assess their role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission after these establishments’ reopening in May 2020 in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. […] Child-to-child transmission in schools/childcare facilities appeared very uncommon. […] We anticipate that, with face mask use and frequent ventilation of rooms, transmission rates in schools/childcare facilities would remain low in the next term, even if classes’ group sizes were increased. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32914853 | Only lung tissues were subject to transmission electron microscopy. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915094 | Background: COVID-19 era has put laparoscopic surgery a risk procedure because of theoretical risk of viral transmission of COVID-19. […] Conclusions: We propose to use a closed smoke evacuation/filtration system with ULPA filtration capability or similar devices in each minimally invasive surgery to reduce risks of transmission as minute as possible until we have enough knowledge about the pattern of disease transmission. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915100 | SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is suspected to have been first contracted via animal-human interactions; it has further spread across the world by efficient human-to-human transmission. […] Recent reports of COVID-19 in companion animals (dogs and cats) and wild carnivores such as tigers have created a dilemma regarding its zoonotic transmission. […] Although in silico docking studies, sequence-based computational studies, and experimental studies have shown the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in cats, ferrets, and other domestic/wild animals, the results are not conclusive of infection under natural conditions. […] Identifying the potential host range of SARS-CoV-2 will not only help prevent the possibility of human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission but also assist in identifying efficient animal models that can mimic the clinical symptoms, transmission potential, and pathogenesis of the disease. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915165 | CDC and other public health authorities recommend community mitigation strategies to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1,2). […] Characterization of community exposures can be difficult to assess when widespread transmission is occurring, especially from asymptomatic persons within inherently interconnected communities. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915166 | Temporary disruptions in routine and nonemergency medical care access and delivery have been observed during periods of considerable community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915188 | Measures taken to protect staff from infection and minimize virus transmission within the department as well as measures taken to allow smooth provision of quality service and uninterrupted pre- and postgraduate education were analyzed. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915380 | Preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent for COVID-19) requires implementing contact and respiratory precautions. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915771 | We assessed whether there was intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32915888 | Globally, little evidence exists on transmission patterns of COVID-19. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32916218 | The risk of transmission during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is also discussed in this review. | 2020-09-11 |
| 32917141 | Pediatric biospecimens will be key in answering questions relating to viral transmission by children, differences between pediatric and adult viral susceptibility and immune responses, the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal development, and factors driving the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32917290 | These parameters for transmission, disease severity, and intervention effectiveness are critical for guiding policy decisions. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32917603 | We have demonstrated a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32917843 | The novel coronavirus causing the COVID-19 pandemic is spread by respiratory transmission through droplets and contact. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32918076 | Mobility restrictions imposed to suppress transmission of COVID-19 can alter physical activity (PA) and sleep patterns that are important for health and wellbeing. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32918236 | SARS-CoV-2 recently jumped species and rapidly spread via human-to-human transmission to cause a global outbreak of COVID-19. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32918497 | With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), clinicians have used personal protective equipment to avoid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32918855 | This review presents an overview of our learning curve with the novel virus emergence, transmission, pathology, biological properties and host-interactions. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32918872 | This study aimed to identify what the additional health-care costs of a strategic preparedness and response plan (SPRP) would be if current transmission levels are maintained in a status quo scenario, or under scenarios where transmission is increased or decreased by 50%. […] For the decreased or increased transmission scenarios, the totals were $33·08 billion and $61·92 billion, respectively. […] Costs would triple under the status quo and increased transmission scenarios at 12 weeks. […] The costs of the decreased transmission scenario over 12 weeks was equivalent to the cost of the status quo scenario at 4 weeks. […] The sizeable costs of a COVID-19 response in the health sector will escalate, particularly if transmission increases. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32919072 | Environmental surfaces have been suggested as likely contributors in the transmission of COVID-19. […] Despite prolonged viability of SARS-CoV-2 under laboratory-controlled conditions, uncultivable viral contamination of inanimate surfaces might suggest low feasibility for indirect fomite transmission. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32919321 | Meteorological parameters play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. | 2020-09-12 |
| 32920569 | In our experience, LUS is a viable alternative to U-HR-CT, with the advantages of being radiation-free, flexible, cost-effective, and reasonably reducing nosocomial transmission risks because performed at bed-side. | 2020-09-13 |
| 32921195 | The best proposed healthcare model for telemedicine in hypertension management should include remote monitoring and transmission of vital signs (notably blood pressure) and medication adherence plus education on lifestyle and risk factors, with video consultation as an option. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921216 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the characteristics of high transmission, diverse clinical manifestations, and a long incubation period. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921279 | The first ever case of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from a human owner to a domestic cat was confirmed on March 27, 2020. […] Where the information revealed from our examinations can support precision vaccine design and the discovery of antiviral therapeutics, which will accelerate the development of medical countermeasures, the World Health Organization recently reported on the possible risks of reciprocal infections regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals to humans. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921283 | The unusual persistence and multiple transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 emerging from ongoing scientific study require customization of otherwise standard prevention messaging to farmers and farmworkers to prevent infection and disease exacerbation. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921336 | Endoscopic sinus and anterior skull base surgery is considered particularly high risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission in the operating theatre setting. […] The method is an efficient adjunct that could reduce the risk of aerosol shedding and viral transmission to the operating theatre team. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921531 | Based on a critical update of the role of children in the transmission of the infection, and of children’s susceptibility to infection, the French Pediatric Society published practical guidelines for school re-entry and the management of COVID-19 infections in schools. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921700 | Our aim is to describe sociodemographic and transmission profile of COVID-19 cases that were transmitted before and after the introduction of the decree in the Bologna Local Health Authority. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921716 | Whilst CT scans have been shown to be useful, there are multiple risks associated with them, for example radiation exposure and the transmission risk associated with repeated use of a CT suite. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921730 | The widespread outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 has raised numerous questions about the origin and transmission of the virus. […] Knowledge about the mode of transmission as well as assessing the effectiveness of the preventive measures would aid in containing the outbreak of the coronavirus. […] Presently, respiratory droplets, physical contact and aerosols/air-borne have been reported as the modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission of the virus. […] Besides, some of the other possible modes of transmission are being explored by the researchers, with some studies suggesting the viral spread through fecal-oral, conjunctival secretions, flatulence (farts), sexual and vertical transmission from mother to the fetus, and through asymptomatic carriers, etc. […] Aim: The primary objective was to review the present understanding and knowledge about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and also to suggest recommendations in containing and preventing the novel coronavirus. […] A review of possible modes of transmission of the novel SARS-CoV-2 was conducted based on the reports and articles available in PubMed and ScienceDirect.com that were searched using keywords, ‘transmission’, ‘modes of transmission’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, ‘novel coronavirus’, and ‘COVID-19’. […] Articles referring to air-borne, conjunctiva, fecal-oral, maternal-fetal, flatulence (farts), and breast milk transmission were included, while the remaining were excluded. […] The modes of transmission linked to SARS-CoV-2 were identified and the available literature on each of these is described in detail in view of the possibilities of viral transmission through various modes of transmission. […] The review provides updated and necessary information on the possible modes of transmission for the health care workers and the lay public under one umbrella that can also be considered during framing guidelines in order to prevent and control the viral spread. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921747 | Our literature review highlights the rarity of COVID-19 intrauterine transmission and the need for clinicians to promptly test neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers at delivery for COVID-19. […] It is imperative to establish the real risk of intrauterine transmission and to develop appropriate preventive and treatment strategies. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921751 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) and it is spreading worldwide with an alarming high transmission rate. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921811 | However, due to the extensive treatments foods receive during processing, often inhospitable environs of the food products and further food preparation prior to consumption significantly reduce the risk of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921865 | COVID-19 transmission in London city was discussed in this work from an urban context. […] What should be the necessary measure to be taken to control the transmission in cities have been discussed. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921917 | Keeping in mind (i) available evidence indicating need to better understand potential of wastewater mediated transmission and (ii) knowledge gaps in its occurrence, viability, persistence, and inactivation in wastewater, in this present work, we wanted to re-emphasize some strategies for management of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated wastewater to minimise any possible secondary transmission to human and environment. […] In absence of regulated central treatment facility, installation of decentralized wastewater treatment units with single or multiple disinfection barriers in medical units, quarantine centre, isolation wards, testing facilities seems to be urgent for minimizing any potential risk of wastewater transmission. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32921922 | The rapidity of its spread and the lack of detailed research on the course and methods of transmission significantly impede both its eradication and prevention. […] Due to the high transmission rate and fatality resulting from COVID-19 disease, the paper focuses on analyzing the current state of knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 as well as its potential connection with food as a source of pathogen and infection. […] However, according to the hypothesis regarding the primary transmission of the virus, the source of which was food of animal origin (meat of wild animals), as well as the fact that food is a basic necessity for humans, it is worth emphasizing that food can, if not directly, be a carrier of the virus. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32922101 | The final multiple linear regression analysis indicated a positive association between knowledge of the source of infection, incubation period, and mode of disease transmission with recommended behavioral practice. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32922510 | The high transmission rate and serious consequences of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic make it challenging and urgent to identify viral pathogens and understand their intrinsic resistance mechanisms, to pave the way for new approaches to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-09-14 |
| 32922512 | These measures are necessary to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 within healthcare facilities. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923014 | We demonstrated the impact of asymptomatic transmission in this outbreak and showed the effectiveness of city lockdown to halt virus spread within a city. […] We shall pay close attention to the asymptomatic transmission being suggested by rapidly accumulating evidence as dramatic changes in quarantine protocol are required to contain SARS-CoV-2 from spreading globally. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923338 | The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to get transmitted during the asymptomatic phase and its high infectivity have led to the rapid transmission of COVID-19 beyond geographic regions, leading to a pandemic. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923351 | Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923691 | Uncertainty of transmission, limitations of physical healthcare system infrastructure and supplies as well as workforce shortages require dynamic adaption of resource deployment to manage rapidly evolving care demands, ideally based on real time data for the entire population. […] Virtual health services including asynchronous secure clinical communications, real-time virtual care via messaging, telephony or video conferencing (telehealth) and ancillary functions like triage, scheduling, documentation and reporting, the previously established virtual hospital program with home monitoring, virtual health assessments, medication review, education and support for patients and families and coordination between family doctors, specialists and other health team members help to control viral transmission, protect healthcare personnel and save supplies. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923742 | Understanding the association between ocular signs/symptoms and COVID-19 can aid in the diagnosis of the viral infection and can help in limiting its transmission. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923749 | These multivariate findings would provide a comprehensive description of the ongoing Covid-19 epidemic and may help to guide subsequent studies to understand and control virus transmission. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32923993 | A high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity was found in care homes residents and staff, half of whom were asymptomatic and potential reservoirs for on-going transmission. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924328 | The possibility of transmission resulting from family/household exposure and social interactions highlights the need to maintain strict vigilance and precautionary measures at all times beyond the workplace. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924345 | This study was conducted in stagnant water containing a significantly high titer of virus, thus, human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the actual aquatic environment is expected to be rare. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924540 | The report provides a narrative account of modifications to the ECT practice at a tertiary care psychiatric hospital to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] We emphasise two main modifications: use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the ECT and modifications in the anaesthetic procedure to mitigate potential transmission. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924671 | Diagnostic tools are the main players that not only indicate a possible infection but can further restrict the transmission and can determine the extent to which disease progression would occur. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924947 | Measures are needed to strengthen hand hygiene and physical distancing among factory workers to reduce transmission following work resumption. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924962 | Existing models of COVID-19 transmission rely on parameters such as case estimates or R0 and are dependent on intensive data collection efforts. […] This study will generate novel metrics of speed, acceleration, jerk, and 7-day lag in the speed of COVID-19 transmission using state government tallies of SARS-CoV-2 infections, including state-level dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infections. […] This study provides the prototype for a global surveillance system to inform public health practice, including novel standardized metrics of COVID-19 transmission, for use in combination with traditional surveillance tools. […] This change represents an increase in the transmission model R value for that week and is consistent with a re-emergence of the pandemic. […] We need improved standardized surveillance techniques to inform leaders when it is safe to open sections of the country; (2) varying public health policies and guidelines unnecessarily result in varying degrees of transmission and outbreaks; and (3) even those states most successful in containing the pandemic continue to see a small but constant stream of new cases daily. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32924964 | Later, animal to human and human-to-human transmission of the virus began and resulting in widespread respiratory illness worldwide to around more than 180 countries. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32925114 | To date there is no clear evidence of vertical transmission of the virus before birth. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32925589 | The CV service had to quickly evaluate and implement measures to reduce the rate of transmission of the coronavirus, which included adapting the clinic workflow to comply with state and federal recommendations. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32925832 | Otolaryngologists and associated staff are at high risk for COVID-19 disease transmission based on close contact with mucosal surfaces of the upper aerodigestive tract during diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic procedures. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32925848 | Concern for viral transmission necessitates the investigation of otologic procedures that use high-speed drilling instruments, including mastoidectomy, which we hypothesized to be an aerosol-generating procedure. […] Mastoidectomy with a high-speed drill is an aerosol-generating procedure, a designation that connotes the potential high risk of viral transmission and need for higher levels of personal protective equipment. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32926266 | However, the evidence of inter-transmission of coronavirus between humans and companion animals is still a debatable issue. […] There is substantial evidence that the virus outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission because this new virus belongs to the same family of viruses as SARS-CoV associated with civet cats, and MERS-CoV associated with dromedary camels. […] While the whole world is investigating the possibility about the transmission of this virus, the transmission among humans is established, but the interface between humans and animals is not much evident. […] With multiple reports claiming about much possibility of transmission of COVID-19 from humans to animals, there has been a significant increase in the number of pets being abandoned by their owners. […] Additionally, the risk of reverse transmission of COVID-19 virus from companion pets like cats and dogs at home is yet another area of concern. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32926272 | The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is mainly via human-to-human contact. […] Various stringent measures have been implemented to lower person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. […] Particular observations and attempts have been made to reduce transmission in vulnerable populations, including older adults, children, and healthcare providers. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32926494 | The risk of vertical transmission seems to be negligible. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32926684 | Prompt recognition and diagnosis can minimize the risk of transmission to hospital staff and facilitate initiation of treatment. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32926883 | A discrete event simulation was used to explore the impact of different permutations of staff roster, including the number of shifts per day, the number of staff on duty per shift, overall number of staff accessible to work in the laboratory (i.e. overall staff pool), the frequency of shift changes (i.e. number of consecutive days worked), fixed work-rest days and split team arrangement on workplace transmission of COVID-19 by a simulated index staff who acquired the infection from the community over 21 days. […] A higher rate of transmission was associated with smaller overall staff pool (expressed as multiples of the number of staff per shift), higher number of shifts per day, higher number of staff per shift, and longer consecutive days worked. […] Having fixed work-rest arrangement did not significantly reduce the transmission rate unless the workplace outbreak was prolonged. […] Social distancing and PPE use significantly reduced the transmission rate. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32927282 | Airborne transmission is a recognized pathway of contagion; however, it is rarely quantitatively evaluated. […] The proposed approach was used for retrospective assessment of documented outbreaks in a restaurant in Guangzhou (China) and at a choir rehearsal in Mount Vernon (USA), showing that, in both cases, the high attack rate values can be justified only assuming the airborne transmission as the main route of contagion. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32927479 | Healthcare workers are at increased risk of occupational transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Viral genomic sequencing supported this transmission hypothesis and our subsequent response. | 2020-09-14 |
| 32927583 | Since ventilation is an important factor that influences airborne transmission, we proposed to study the impact of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) with a variable air volume (VAV) primary air system, on the dispersion of infectious aerosols, in a cardiac intensive care unit, using a transient simulation with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), based on the finite element method (FEM). | 2020-09-15 |
| 32927589 | Human-to-human transmission occurs primarily through oral and nasal droplets and possibly through the airborne route. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32927798 | In conclusion, our study suggests that even if viral shedding is sustained in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with later phase of COVID-19, it can be expected that the transmission risk of the virus is low. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32927871 | While some preventive and risk factors have been previously identified in a non-pandemic context, knowledge and cognitions on COVID-19 transmission, treatment, prognosis and prevention negatively correlate with anxiety, emerging as a key preventive factor that may provide a rationale for why the levels of anxiety have remained stable in medical students during the pandemic while increasing in their non-medical peers and the general population. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32928033 | The field of otolaryngology in particular has faced distinct challenges and an increased risk of transmission as day-to-day procedures involve intimate contact with a highly infectious upper respiratory mucosa. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32928322 | The Philippines confirmed local transmission of COVID-19 on 7 March 2020. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32928412 | COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health issue today due to the rapid human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus that causes fatal pneumonia. […] SARS -CoV-2 has a faster rate of transmission than other coronaviruses such as SARS and MERS and until now there are no approved specific drugs or vaccines for treatment. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32928663 | Actual epidemiology data suggest that transmission may occur early in the course of infection, even from asymptomatic patients in the incubation period. […] In our knowledge this is the first case report of an adult hematopoietic cell donor with COVID-19 in the incubation period where the transplant is successfully completed with no transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32928837 | To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32928903 | Although the first case of COVID-19 was reported in December 2019, the primary source and intermediate host have not been confirmed, but human-to-human transmission has been universally accepted. […] The main mode of transmission of the virus is through respiratory droplets along with prominent respiratory system involvement. […] However, fecal-oral transmission due to the shedding of the virus in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may continue for up to 10 weeks after respiratory clearance and is fast becoming important. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32929304 | Yet a robust modelling of pandemic dynamics and a consistent choice of the transmission metric is crucial for an in-depth understanding of the macroscopic phenomenology and better-informed mitigation strategies. […] Then, we introduce and use entropy-based metrics of global transmission to measure the impact and the temporal evolution of a pandemic event. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32929400 | Neurosurgery department formulated their own strategy for successful and covid free management of neurosurgical patients along with zero transmission rate among doctors and staff. […] All the residents, faculty and nursing staff remain asymptomatic throughout the lockdown period with zero infection rate and zero transmission rate. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32929402 | The course of disease in mild and moderate COVID-19 has many implications for mobile patients, such as the risk of spread of the infection, precautions taken, and investigations targeted at preventing transmission. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32929411 | Since there is no effective medication yet, to minimize and control the transmission of the COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are followed globally. […] However, for the implementation of needful NPIs through effective management strategies and planning, space-time-based information on the nature, magnitude, pattern of transmission, hotspots, the potential risk factors, vulnerability, and risk level of the pandemic are important. […] Hence, this study was an attempt to in-depth assess and analyze the COVID-19 outbreak and transmission dynamics through space and time in Bangladesh using 154 day real-time epidemiological data series. […] Additionally, potential linkages between the transmission of disease and the selected factors that gear up the spreading of the disease were identified. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32929453 | This review identifies patient-centered practices that ensure safety and reduce risk of infection transmission to health care workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. […] The need for protocols to reduce risk of transmission of infection to nurses and other health care workers is evident. […] The practices described in this review may greatly reduce risk of infectious transmission. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32930089 | We modeled the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on apples, tomatoes, and jalapeño peppers at two temperatures following a low-dose aerosol exposure designed to simulate an airborne transmission event involving droplet nuclei. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32930863 | Limited number of cases and further researches are required to evaluate the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to her infant as well as clinical features of infection in pregnant women. […] The conclusions of different authors, despite the small number of cases, suggest that there is no vertical transmission in women diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32931328 | Homeless shelters are a high-risk setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission because of crowding and shared hygiene facilities. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32931446 | The numbers of COVID-19-related queries in South Korea increased during local events including local transmission, approval of coronavirus test kits, implementation of coronavirus drive-through tests, a face mask shortage, and a widespread campaign for social distancing as well as during international events such as the announcement of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32931509 | We consider how theoretical elements of Co-Creation can inform effective international public health interventions; crucial during a global pandemic in which handwashing is the most effective method to control the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32931734 | Intranasal administration of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S is a candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission and curtailing pandemic spread. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32931811 | Expanding coverage of self-administered DMPA-SC could increase patient-centeredness and accessibility of contraception as well as reduce patient anxiety around COVID-19 transmission without losing contraceptive access. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32932534 | The objective of this study was to review the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry. […] SARS-CoV-2 articles about the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry were included. | 2020-09-15 |
| 32932612 | Given the context of closed schools and confinement, the infection of these children suggests intra-familial transmission that needs to be further assessed. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933043 | The current indispensable challenge lies in the development of universal virus repudiation systems that are reusable, and capable of inactivating pathogens, thus reducing risk of infection and transmission. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933047 | The worldwide transmission of COVID-19 from human to human is spreading like wildfire, affecting almost every country in the world. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933150 | A better understanding of the coronaviruses of companion animals, their capacity for cross-species transmission, and the sharing of genetic information may facilitate improved prevention and control strategies for future emerging zoonotic coronaviruses. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933166 | This protection would be during the non-primate mammal to human virus transmission, but not in subsequent human to human transmission where the virus presents human glycans. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933212 | High proportions of respondents showed good knowledge of the transmission pathways and information related to COVID-19. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933464 | The epidemiological characteristics of patients in Kerala, South India and the possible transmission of COVID-19 from asymptomatic members to other peers are shown using certain cases. […] The analysis shows that there is possibility of transmission of the infection even during incubation period. […] From the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a possibility of COVID-19 transmission even during incubation period. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933536 | In this article, we reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, transmission, and potential treatment strategies. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933618 | 99.7% and 97.2% of the respondents answered correctly that respiratory droplets and direct contact were the main transmission routes. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32933641 | This article evaluates the potential influence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pregnant women on the development of coronavirus disease 2019 in neonates and discusses the possibility of mother-to-child vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Based on the limited data, there is no conclusive evidence for mother-to-child vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019, and more cases need to be collected for further evaluation. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32934630 | Despite its lower mortality rate compared to the other coronaviruses, it has a higher human-to-human transmission rate. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32934770 | Mutation D614G in the spike (S) protein has become dominant, and recent evidence suggests it yields a more stable phenotype with higher transmission efficacy. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32934940 | Conclusion: This study highlighted the focused subjects on various aspects of COVID-19 literature such as pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and its complications. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32935071 | The infection rate and quarantine rate are determined for the period from mid-February to mid-April in Japan and transmission characteristics of the initial stages of the outbreak in Japan are analyzed in connection with the policies employed by the government. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32935425 | Dentistry by nature is considered to be one of the most vulnerable professions with regards to the high risk of transmission between the dentist, dental team, and patients; therefore, a protocol for infection control and the prevention and spreading of the COVID-19 virus in dental settings is urgently needed. […] This article reviews essential knowledge about this virus and its transmission and recommends preventive methods based on existing scientific research and recommendations to prevent the spread of this virus in dental offices and clinics. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32935435 | During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or other settings where intensive care resources are limited, ICU services may need to be prioritized or may not be appropriate due to risk of transmission of infection to young people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32935498 | The aim of this study was to investigate genome variation of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and reconstruct phylogeographic and transmission patterns in Spain. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936428 | In a matter of few just days, daily cases rose to two-digit figures, with high community transmission, a drastic rise in active cases, and a rate per hundred thousand in Europe second only to Spain. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936443 | We show that communities located nearby metropolitan areas and mid-sized cities are the most impacted by the COVID-19 and the advance of the transmission to inner states may intensify the ongoing historical process of elimination of indigenous and quilombolas people. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936465 | At present, there are many obstacles and challenges to vaccine research and development, including the lack of knowledge about virus transmission, pathogenesis, and immune response, absence of the most appropriate animal models. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936466 | Although in 2016 the GPEI expected to globally coordinate cessation of the remaining OPV serotypes (1 and 3) by 2021, continuing transmission of serotype 1 wild polioviruses to date makes those plans obsolete. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936671 | For reducing the risks of transmission of coronavirus and its negative effects on health in the future, using the internet may be beneficial. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936804 | In this research, we examine message features shown in prior disasters to increase or decrease message retransmission under imminent threat conditions to develop models of official risk communicators’ messages shared online from February 1, 2020-April 30, 2020. […] We conduct chi-square analyses and negative binomial regression modeling to identify the strategies used by official risk communicators that respectively increase and decrease message retransmission. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936811 | The curtailment strategies employed by the Indian government seem to be effective in reducing the transmission parameters of the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936947 | The risks of transmission of infection are greater when a patient is undergoing an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP). […] If the mouth and nose of an individual undergoing an AGP are irrigated with antimicrobial solutions, this may be a simple and safe method of reducing the risk of any covert infection being passed to HCWs through droplet transmission or direct contact. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936948 | It may also reduce the risk of the active infection being passed to HCWs through droplet transmission or direct contact. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32936949 | If the mouth and nose of HCWs are irrigated with antimicrobial solutions, this may help reduce the risk of active infection being passed from infected patients to HCWs through droplet transmission or direct contact. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32937006 | To identify the available evidence on aerosol viral transmission risk during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and evaluate its impact on guidelines development and clinical activity worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. […] We performed a scoping review on PubMed, Cochrane, the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Clinical Trial Register, and the Grey Literature Repository databases, to identify reports on viral transmission via surgical smoke or aerosolisation. […] Based on a selection of 17 studies, there was no evidence to support the concerns of an intraoperative viral transmission via pneumoperitoneum aerosolisation. […] The guidelines of the American College of Surgery, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section, recommended an avoidance of MIS due to an increased risk of intraoperative aerosol-enhanced transmission. […] A scoping review of the evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms together with a survey showed that laparoscopic procedures do not seem to increase the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-09-16 |
| 32937868 | Furthermore, Bayesian phylogenetic analysis indicated that SARS-CoV-2 could have emerged in Sweden on 27 December 2019, and community transmission started on February 1st with an evolutionary rate of 1.5425 × 10-3 substitutions per year. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32937946 | It continues by detailing specific strategies such as wide-spread testing, tracking, treatment and quarantine that have enabled Korea to prevent wide-spread community transmission. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938009 | The COD19 and COD20 platform can be intrinsically utilized for future epidemic outbreaks; also those with non-respiratory transmission; and is sufficiently flexible to adapt to natural catastrophes. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938229 | Strategies need to be adopted to continue early detection services and ensure safety of patients and health care workers from COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938338 | Large gatherings are associated with the spread of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19); however, transmission dynamics are not well understood. […] Attendees participated in various social events and were in close proximity, providing multiple opportunities for transmission. […] Guests attended multiple events and participated in high-risk transmission behaviours such as shaking hands, kissing, dancing, sharing drinks and sharing shisha (water pipes). […] We could not identify a single risk exposure that accounted for all cases; it is therefore likely there were multiple episodes of transmission. […] This outbreak highlights the significant role social events can play in transmission of COVID-19 and underscores why it is important to limit gatherings and close physical contact to control the spread of the virus. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938502 | A modified autonomous SEIR model was used to study the COVID-19 epidemic and transmission potential during the early stage of the outbreak in Italy. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938527 | We found 6 cases of apparent human-to-feline transmission involving healthy cats. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938609 | The pandemic was well contained initially until early April 2020, when there was a surge in cases, attributed to Singapore residents returning from hotspots overseas, and more significantly, rapid transmission locally within migrant worker dormitories. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32938697 | In addition, social detachment can also decrease the rate of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32939109 | The pathobiology of the virus including its survival properties and the different modes of transmission has been highlighted, and the relative risk to the HCWs between open and laparoscopic surgery dwelt upon. […] Notwithstanding the absence of concrete evidence to exclude the possibility of bioaerosol-based transmission of the disease to the operating room staff, there is a multitude of other concerns which are addressed by avoiding the use of the laparoscope in the current scenario. […] Moreover, the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence; considering the high contagion and a long latent period associated with this virus, the onus is upon each individual surgeon to decide if one needs evidence of bioaerosol-based transmission or evidence in favor of safety before taking up ‘laparoscopy’ against ‘open surgery’. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32939236 | The virus is shed into various body fluids including saliva, which represents a possible source of viral transmission. […] Our findings provide a plausible explanation for why ZIKV transmission via saliva, i.e. by deep kissing have not been recorded and establish a novel oral innate immune defence mechanism against some viral pathogens. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32940413 | With regard to orthopaedic fracture clinics, a telehealth system was implemented on an emergency basis for patient and staff safety to prevent disease transmission. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32940573 | Susceptibility of humans to coronavirus outbreaks in the 21st century calls for comparisons of the transmission history, hosts, reservoirs, and fatality rates of these viruses so that evidence-based and effective planetary health interventions can be devised to prevent future zoonotic outbreaks. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32940656 | Intranasal use of PVP-I has demonstrated safety at concentrations of 1.25% and below and may play an adjunctive role in mitigating viral transmission beyond personal protective equipment. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32940907 | Wearing of masks and social distancing can significantly decrease transmission and spread, however, due to circumstances such as medical or dental intervention and personal choice these practices have not been universally adopted. […] Additional strategies are required to lessen transmission. […] Nasal rinses and mouthwashes, which directly impact the major sites of reception and transmission of human coronaviruses (HCoV), may provide an additional level of protection against the virus. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941052 | Substantial evidence now supports preliminary conclusions about transmission that can inform rational, evidence-based policies and reduce misinformation on this critical topic. […] This article presents a comprehensive review of the evidence on transmission of this virus. […] Strong evidence from case and cluster reports indicates that respiratory transmission is dominant, with proximity and ventilation being key determinants of transmission risk. […] In the few cases where direct contact or fomite transmission is presumed, respiratory transmission has not been completely excluded. […] The virus has heterogeneous transmission dynamics: Most persons do not transmit virus, whereas some cause many secondary cases in transmission clusters called “superspreading events.” […] Evidence-based policies and practices should incorporate the accumulating knowledge about transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to help educate the public and slow the spread of this virus. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941409 | On April 17, 2020, West Virginia became the first state to mandate and conduct COVID-19 testing for all nursing home residents and staff members to identify and reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in these settings (4). | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941415 | After recognition of widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by mid- to late February 2020, indicators of influenza activity began to decline in the Northern Hemisphere. […] These changes were attributed to both artifactual changes related to declines in routine health seeking for respiratory illness as well as real changes in influenza virus circulation because of widespread implementation of measures to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941418 | However, limited data are available on SARS-CoV-2 transmission from young children, particularly in child care settings (3). […] To better understand transmission from young children, contact tracing data collected from three COVID-19 outbreaks in child care facilities in Salt Lake County, Utah, during April 1-July 10, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed to explore attack rates and transmission patterns. […] Transmission was documented from these children to at least 12 (26%) of 46 nonfacility contacts (confirmed or probable cases). […] Transmission was observed from two of three children with confirmed, asymptomatic COVID-19. […] Detailed contact tracing data show that children can play a role in transmission from child care settings to household contacts. […] Having SARS-CoV-2 testing available, timely results, and testing of contacts of persons with COVID-19 in child care settings regardless of symptoms can help prevent transmission. […] CDC guidance for child care programs recommends the use of face masks, particularly among staff members, especially when children are too young to wear masks, along with hand hygiene, frequent cleaning and disinfecting of high-touch surfaces, and staying home when ill to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission (4). | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941419 | By analyzing sequence data available in the GISAID database, we validate the utility of ISM-based subtyping by comparing spatiotemporal analyses using ISMs to epidemiological studies of viral transmission in Asia, Europe, and the United States. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941485 | Thus, this is a call to urgently prioritize actions in those countries to intensify surveillance, to re-allocate resources, and to build healthcare capacities based on multi-nation collaboration to limit onward transmission and to reduce the future impact on these regions in an eventual second wave. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32941709 | In Mohs surgery, cases involving nasal or oral mucosa are highest risk for SARS-COV-2 transmission; pre-operative testing and N95 masks should be urgently prioritized for these cases. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32942178 | The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the feces of infected patients and wastewater has drawn attention, not only to the possibility of fecal-oral transmission but also to the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool. | 2020-09-17 |
| 32942560 | The mechanism behind the transmission of the virus is still not completely understood despite a multitude of new specific manuscripts being published daily. […] This article highlights the oral cavity as a possible viral transmission route into the body via the Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32942626 | This research may contribute toward developing specific planning and design responses for different areas in the city based on a better understanding of the occurrence, transmission, and diffusion of the COVID-19 epidemic in the metropolitan area. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32942799 | Over the course of several announcements and orders during the months of March and April, new policies were put into place to prevent COVID-19 transmission, which included efforts to facilitate social distancing and ensure the health care system could manage the number of COVID-19 cases at peak infection rate. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32942988 | Contact tracing data could also be potentially used for assessing the heterogeneity of transmission at the individual patient level. […] Standard social network analysis methods used for exploring infectious disease transmission dynamics was employed to analyze contact tracing data of 1959 diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 patients from a large state of India. […] Network measures of " degree centrality" and “betweenness centrality” were calculated to identify influential patients in the transmission of infection. […] Betweenness centrality measures highlighted that 7.50% (93) patients had a non-zero betweenness (range 0.5 to 135) and thus have bridged the transmission between other patients. […] Social network analysis method for SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing data would be of use in measuring individual patient level variations in disease transmission. […] The network metrics identified individual patients and patient components who have disproportionately contributed to transmission. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943272 | Preliminary results indicate that the protocol designed to ensure the correct application of preventive measures against the transmission of coronavirus infection is being safe and effective. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943290 | Social distancing strategies such as “stay-at-home” (SAH) orders can slow the transmission of contagious viruses like the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but require population adherence to be effective. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943340 | The connection between poor hand hygiene and infection transmission has been well studied, and it has received widespread attention with the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943416 | Our findings have important implications in the management of patients presenting with suspected stroke through early identification of COVID-19 and the subsequent limitation of disease transmission. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943637 | The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943787 | For SARS-CoV-2, the degree to which SSEs are involved in transmission remains unclear, but there is growing evidence that SSEs might be a typical feature of COVID-197,8. […] We identified 4-7 SSEs across 51 clusters (n = 309 cases) and estimated that 19% (95% confidence interval, 15-24%) of cases seeded 80% of all local transmission. […] Transmission in social settings was associated with more secondary cases than households when controlling for age (P = 0.002). […] Decreasing the delay between symptom onset and case confirmation did not result in fewer secondary cases (P = 0.98), although the odds that an individual being quarantined as a contact interrupted transmission was 14.4 (95% CI, 1.9-107.2). […] Public health authorities should focus on rapidly tracing and quarantining contacts, along with implementing restrictions targeting social settings to reduce the risk of SSEs and suppress SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32943831 | All logistic and transmission control measures were followed by the medical staff and patients with no incidents. […] Resumption of the essential therapies and medical services during periods of pandemic restrictions while adhering to strict transmission control measures is encouraged. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32944152 | Virus-carrying aerosols can penetrate the healthy human body and lungs, resulting in rapid transmission. […] In the present study, this importance could be proved in two different aspects, that is, the use of mouthwash before dental procedures to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus to the dental team and the use of this mouthwash in COVID-19 patients to help improve systemic problems associated with oral microbial flora. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32944163 | This study indicates that lower temperature may increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission (measured as an increased attack rate), but there is no evidence that temperature affects the severity of the disease (measured as case fatality rate). […] However, there are clearly other factors that affect the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and many of these may be sensitive to interventions, e.g. through increased public awareness and public health response. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32944228 | However, mass testing in emergency department (ED) settings may result in crowded EDs and increase transmission risk for healthcare staff and other ED patients. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32944588 | Most countries have active community transmission and imposed measures such as social distancing and travel restrictions to mitigate its effect. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32944840 | Appropriate infection control measures should be implemented during ophthalmological assessment of COVID-19 patients to prevent potential nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32944885 | The reprocessing procedure for reusable flexible bronchoscopes (RFBs) involves multiple episodes of handling of equipment that has been used during an aerosol-generating procedure and thus is a potential source of transmission. […] Additionally, RFBs pose a risk of nosocomial infection transmission between patients with the identification of human proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and pathogenic organisms on fully reprocessed bronchoscopes despite full adherence to the guidelines. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32945043 | Nearly two-third of patients could not identify the three most common symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough, dyspnoea), and half of them were not aware of the routes of transmission (by contact and droplets). | 2020-09-18 |
| 32945157 | No fetal transmission was observed and maternal and neonatal prognosis was excellent. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32945335 | Additionally, the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission has clearly been underappreciated. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32945570 | The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, specific COVID-19 clinical pathways and the well-being of patients and staff should be addressed in advance. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32945845 | We used published data on disease progression and mortality, transmission, PCR sensitivity/specificity (70/100%) and costs. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32945924 | Human to human transmissible infectious diseases spread in a population using human interactions as its transmission vector. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946202 | Talking about the pandemic, concern about coronavirus transmission, taking precaution to prevent coronavirus transmission, making pressure to protect from COVID-19 were significantly higher in parents within the study group (p < .05). | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946369 | To assess the role of in-flight transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we investigated a cluster of cases among passengers on a 10-hour commercial flight. […] We found no strong evidence supporting alternative transmission scenarios. […] In-flight transmission that probably originated from 1 symptomatic passenger caused a large cluster of cases during a long flight. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946442 | Brazil detected community transmission of COVID-19 on March 13, 2020. […] In this study we identified which areas in the country were the most vulnerable for COVID-19, both in terms of the risk of arrival of cases, the risk of sustained transmission and their social vulnerability. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946453 | However, these variables alone could not explain most of the variability in disease transmission. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946526 | Under laboratory conditions, we examined the hydrophobicity of fabrics (cotton, polyester, silk), as measured by their resistance to the penetration of small and aerosolized water droplets, an important transmission avenue for the virus causing COVID-19. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946584 | The second wave of COVID-19 in Vietnam started in the largest tourist city in the country (Da Nang), initially with nosocomial transmission which spilled over and resulted in widespread community transmission. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32946641 | The high potential of human-to-human transmission led to subsequent COVID-19 global pandemic. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32947047 | Inference about the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 can provide important insights into the speed of disease spread and the effects of mitigation policies. […] We estimate the disease transmission rate via a Gaussian process prior, which captures nonlinear changes over time without the need of specific parametric assumptions. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32947599 | Our aim was to describe the clinical features of mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection during gestation or delivery, and the potential vertical transmission. […] We also wish to evaluate the possible horizontal transmission after hospital discharge, by means of a follow-up of all the newborns included at 1 month of age. […] No infants died and no vertical or horizontal transmission was detected. […] We did not detect COVID-19 transmission during delivery or throughout the first month of life in the newborns included in our study. | 2020-09-18 |
| 32948871 | Notwithstanding this, it is still unclear whether face masks worn by COVID-19 carriers may indeed prevent viral transmission and environmental contamination. | 2020-09-19 |
| 32948990 | At the beginning of the epidemic, with the strategy to intercept the chain of infection, Peking University First Hospital (PKUFH) focused on three important aspects: controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations, to expeditiously draft scientific and proper management measures for the emergency department, followed by real-time dynamic adjustments based on the development trend of the epidemic. | 2020-09-19 |
| 32949452 | SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) transmission via microdroplet and aerosol-generating procedures presents risk to medical professionals. […] Until further studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission via microdroplets or aerosolisation of ocular fluid are reported, this pilot study only supports standard personal protective equipment. | 2020-09-19 |
| 32949700 | We present 5 cases of probable in-flight transmission in Greece. […] However, there are scarce data about in-flight transmission. […] Our extensive investigation showed five cases of probable in-flight transmission. | 2020-09-19 |
| 32949774 | Patients with respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 produce aerosols in the absence of aerosol-generating procedures that contain viable SARS-CoV-2, and these aerosols may serve as a source of transmission of the virus. | 2020-09-19 |
| 32950037 | Separate waiting and operating rooms should be assigned to each group of patients to minimize the risk of disease transmission. | 2020-09-19 |
| 32950410 | Strategies described to limit the spread and impact of the virus could be divided into nine distinct categories, including the suspension of non-essential services, use of telemedicine, use of personal protective equipment, screening patients for COVID-19, restructuring the healthcare team, adapting standard management practices, using distance-learning for trainees, promoting public education and initiatives, and minimising intra-hospital viral transmission. | 2020-09-20 |
| 32950514 | The spatial patterns of the spreading of the COVID19 indicate the possibility of airborne transmission of the coronavirus. […] Atmospheric stability regimes that result in low wind speeds, low level turbulence and cool moist ground conditions favor the transmission of the disease through turbulence energy-containing large-scale horizontal “rolls” and vertical thermal “updrafts” and “downdrafts”. | 2020-09-20 |
| 32950732 | Although multiple studies have sought to address possible effects of these variables on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, results of these studies have been varied. | 2020-09-20 |
| 32950981 | There was no transplacental transmission to the infants. | 2020-09-20 |
| 32951032 | This represents a practical compromise between unnecessarily prolonged admissions and returning highly infectious patients back to their care facilities, and is of particular importance in older patients discharged to LTCFs, residents of which may be at greatest risk of transmission and worse clinical outcomes. | 2020-09-20 |
| 32951058 | Therefore, studies exploring appropriate and safe methods for tracheotomy that minimize the risks of nosocomial transmission are important. | 2020-09-20 |
| 32951446 | Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through the aerosolization of respiratory droplets. […] Transmission also occurs through contact with contaminated surfaces and other fomites. […] Improved antisepsis of human and nonhuman surfaces has been identified as a key feature of transmission reduction. […] The formulations tested may help to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 if used for nasal decontamination, oral decontamination, or surface decontamination in known or suspected cases of COVID-19. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32951627 | Although SARS-CoV-2 transmission was controlled in China, the Chinese experience can help protect HCWs from COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32952210 | The potential airborne transmission of COVID-19 has raised significant concerns regarding the safety of musical activities involving wind instruments. […] Overall, our findings can bring insights into the risk assessment of airborne decrease transmission and the corresponding mitigation strategies for various musical activities involving wind instrument plays, including orchestras, community and worship bands, music classes, etc. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32952304 | We propose our method as a step forward in understanding the very practical problem of capacity, which can hopefully allow retail spaces to operate safely, and minimise the risk of virus transmission. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32952305 | There are modifiable factors which provide necessary elements to support a positive attitude of the workers, such as: knowledge of hygiene, transmission of the virus, protective measures, and social distancing measures. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32952538 | To predict the transmission of COVID-19 in Iran and in the world, we provide a numerical simulation based on real data. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953275 | The assays have immediate utility in supporting clinical diagnostics, understanding transmission in high-risk cohorts and underpinning longer‑term ‘exit’ strategies based on effective vaccines and therapeutics. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953322 | Background As the early peak phase in the coronavirus outbreak has intensified, stay at home mandates were advised requiring individuals to remain home to prevent community transmission of the disease. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953353 | Viral transmission occurs through aerosols generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales and by direct touching of contaminated surfaces. […] COVID-19 should be suspected in patients presenting with neurological abnormalities and should be included in the differential diagnosis to prevent further virus transmission. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953365 | At present, the therapeutic strategies are supportive or preventative, focusing on reducing transmission. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953445 | It was initially linked to the animal-to-human transmission. […] However, it is now thought that COVID-19 is spreading through human-to-human transmission mainly via droplets. […] In addition, the travel history of the first confirmed cases in various countries suggested that prompt actions in restricting travels and closing borders could be an efficient strategy in preventing the transmission of the disease outside of the affected sites. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953632 | Clinicians all over the world are trying to contain it by minimizing the cross-transmission of disease among hospital staff members. […] In this submission, we share our experience of an innovative practice plan in redesigning the ENT OPD setup, endoscopy set up and OT so as to reduce the risk of transmission of virus not only to doctors but other healthcare workers. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953870 | A history of exposure to the affected area or patient is a major cause of 2019-nCoV infection, and population clustering is a high risk factor for transmission. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953916 | Health-care providers can incorporate telemedicine systems to reduce doctor-patient visits and help in breaking the chain of transmission of infections. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32953955 | In addition to the individual dependent variables, the influence of these constructs on the reduction of COVID-19 transmission and employee performance at a selected municipality was tested. […] Hypotheses emerged from the proposed influence of each of these constructs on reduction of COVID-19 transmission at a municipality. […] The data generated for this research could potentially advise on how healthy and safety strategies could contribute to lowering the transmission of COVID-19 at a municipality. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32954400 | Responding to the pandemic, Sweden has taken a different approach aiming to mitigate, not suppress, community transmission, by using physical distancing without lockdowns. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32954414 | Here, we applied whole virus genome sequencing (WvGS) to analyse transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital-acquired (HA) COVID-19. […] WvGS identified transmission events previously undetected by epidemiological analysis and provided evidence for SARS-CoV-2 transmission between healthcare workers (HCW) and patients and among HCW themselves. […] The majority of HA COVID-19 cases occurred in patients highly dependent on nursing care, suggesting the likely route of transmission was by close contact or droplet, rather than aerosol, transmission. […] This study provides evidence that SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs from symptomatic and asymptomatic HCWs to patients. […] Interventions including comprehensive screening of HCWs for COVID-19 symptoms, PCR testing of asymptomatic HCWs upon identification of HA cases and implementation of universal use of surgical masks for all clinical care is indicated to prevent viral transmission. […] Our study highlights the importance of close collaboration between guidance bodies and frontline IPC experts for developing control measures in an emergency pandemic situation caused by a virus with undefined transmission modus. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32955375 | Area covered: In this article, we reviewed current published data of the gastrointestinal aspects involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including prevalence and incidence of specific symptoms, presumptive biological mechanism of GI infection, prognosis, clinical management and public health related concerns on the possible risk of oral-fecal transmission. […] This can justify most of the gastrointestinal symptoms but also suggest a risk for an oral fecal route for transmission, additionally or alternatively to the main respiratory route. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32955847 | The pandemic led to a shortage of N95-grade filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), especially surgical-grade N95 FFRs for protection of healthcare professionals against airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32955906 | Herein, the characteristics of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, their transmission routs, their pathogenicity, the therapeutic and prevention approaches including of attempts for designing of effective prophylactic vaccines, anti-viral drugs, and the animal models that have been used for these studies have been reviewed (Ref. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32956179 | The recent appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has led to the publication of the first evidence on gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), the possible enteric involvement of the virus and the detection of RNA in stool, with its possible implication in the fecal-oral transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] We aimed to conduct a systematic review to describe the epidemiological scientific evidence on GIS, enteric involvement and fecal excretion of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and to discuss the possible fecal-oral transmission pathway of COVID-19. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32956613 | By using a model capturing high-risk populations and transmission rates estimated from hospitalization data, we found that postponing relaxation will only delay future disease waves. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32956644 | According to the high transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2, it became a global pandemic and public health emergency within few months. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32956786 | During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic new studies are emerging daily providing novel information about sources, transmission risks and possible prevention measures. […] In this review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on possible sources for SARS-CoV-2, including evaluation of transmission risks and effectiveness of applied prevention measures. […] Next to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers are a possible source with respiratory secretions as the most likely cause for viral transmission. […] Similarly, even though SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected on or in personnel protective equipment, blood, urine, eyes, the gastrointestinal tract and pets, these sources are currently thought to play a negligible role for transmission. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32956787 | Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 and could play a role in nosocomial transmission. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32956927 | It will be worth analysing the transmission chain of COVID-19 from this perspective. | 2020-09-21 |
| 32957467 | All groups of mammals have been shown to act as hosts for transmission of different organisms that cause zoonoses, followed in importance by birds; with both wild and domestic species identified as hosts in specific cases. […] There has been considerable research progress leading to a better understanding of the host range, animal origin, evolution, and transmission of important zoonoses, including those caused by the ingestion of food and products derived from animals. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32957638 | In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, current modeling supports the use of masks in community settings to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32957894 | Distinctive attention and exertions should be given to defending or reducing transmission in vulnerable populaces, including those directly associated with caregiving and treatment and also aged one. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32957928 | The findings highlight the importance of understanding the transmission patterns of the common respiratory virus in COVID-19 regions, which can provide information support for the development of appropriate treatment plans and health policies, while eliminating unnecessary fear and tension. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32957995 | Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. […] Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. […] Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. […] Future research in the animal-human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32958069 | Although based on the available evidences, vertical transmission of COVID-19 is less likely, many aspects of pathogenesis and transmission of this novel virus are still unclear. […] Therefore we cannot rule out the vertical transmission totally. […] Further investigations are warranted to determine the exact mechanisms and routes of transmission. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32958091 | The latter scenario was shown to be effective at overcoming the outbreak if the transmission rate decreases to 75% and the number of tests of detection is multiplied by three. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32958693 | In the Chareidi (‘ultra-orthodox’) religious community, for example, rates of COVID-19 transmission and dissemination are above average compared with other communities within the same countries. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32958973 | The need to study the patterns of transmission and spread gains utmost importance at the grass-root level of the social structure. […] To determine the impact of lockdown and social distancing in Tamilnadu through epidemiological models in forecasting the “effective reproductive number” (R0) determining the significance in transmission rate in Tamilnadu after first Covid19 case confirmation on March 07, 2020. […] Utilizing web scraping techniques to extract data from different online sources to determine the probable transmission rate in Tamilnadu from the rest of the Indian states. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32958987 | The theoretical danger of virus transmission during laparoscopic surgery (LS) via surgical smoke and laparoscopy gas has led to the formulation of many guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32958992 | Means to control the transmission of infection inside pharmacies were unsatisfactory. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959012 | The human-to-human transmission rates of the virus are not only alarming and worrisome but also, the respiratory dysfunction and unwavering deaths it caused have risen global concerns. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959032 | Furthermore, topic modeling indicates that COVID-19 publications have focused on public health, outbreak reporting, clinical care, and testing for coronaviruses, as opposed to the more limited number focused on basic microbiology, including pathogenesis and transmission. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959219 | Early detection may improve outcomes and limit community transmission. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959546 | Our data suggest that remote (> 2 m) airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from hospitalized COVID-19 patients is uncommon when aerosol-generating procedures have not been performed. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959614 | We found that there was poor knowledge about causative agent and role of antibiotics for COVID-19 but for mode of transmission and prevention there was good knowledge. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959618 | The pattern of spread of SARS-CoV-2 in India is suggestive of community transmission. […] Incidence pattern SARS-CoV-2 shows possible evidence of community transmission. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32959882 | Infusion centres are a central part in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and could be a source of transmission of SARS-COV-2. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32960000 | Role of these procedures in corona virus transmission when treating a case of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be further studied. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32960148 | By considering patient-specific factors, mitigating transmission risks, optimizing the clinical environment, and detecting late manifestations of severe COVID-19, clinicians can ensure due vigilance and quality care. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32960737 | Bioaerosols are known to be an important transmission pathway for SARS-CoV-2. […] As an example of our risk assessment model, we consider the precautions needed for a typical experimental physical science group to maintain a low risk of transmission over six months of operation. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32960881 |
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2020-09-22 |
| 32960929 | Timely diagnosis of COVID-19 infected individuals and their prompt isolation are essential for controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32960938 | The transmission routes of COVID-19 include respiratory transmission, aerosol transmission, and contact transmission. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32961466 | A dynamic, discrete time, stochastic individual-based model was developed to simulate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. | 2020-09-22 |
| 32962415 | Containment measures were taken to reduce viral transmission and identify infected patients. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32962759 | Our results illustrate the importance of continued adherence to infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent VRE transmission and healthcare associated infections. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32962771 | The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibody was evaluated among employees of a Veterans Affairs healthcare system to assess potential risk factors for transmission and infection. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32962848 | Nurses need to understand the symptoms and treatment of the disease as well as nursing procedures, and learn how to cut off transmission routes, control transmission sources, and use protective equipment correctly to prevent transmission of the disease within the hospital. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32962975 | Identifying and managing HCWs who have been exposed to COVID-19 is of utmost importance in preventing healthcare transmission and protecting staff and vulnerable patients in healthcare settings. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963094 | Broadly, these strategies have fallen into two categories: 1) “mitigation,” which aims to achieve herd immunity by allowing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus to spread through the population while mitigating disease burden, and 2) “suppression,” aiming to drastically reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates and halt endogenous transmission in the target population. […] Using an age-structured transmission model, parameterized to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the United Kingdom, we assessed the long-term prospects of success using both of these approaches. […] Our modeling confirmed that suppression of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is possible with plausible levels of social distancing over a period of months, consistent with observed trends. […] Specifically, we found that 1) social distancing must initially reduce the transmission rate to within a narrow range, 2) to compensate for susceptible depletion, the extent of social distancing must be adaptive over time in a precise yet unfeasible way, and 3) social distancing must be maintained for an extended period to ensure the healthcare system is not overwhelmed. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963115 | Asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection have viable viral loads and have been linked to several transmission cases. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963212 | This longitudinal study aimed to examine the changes in psychological distress of the general public from the early to community-transmission phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the factors related to these changes. […] An internet-based survey of 2,400 Japanese people was conducted in two phases: early phase (baseline survey: February 25-27, 2020) and community-transmission phase (follow-up survey: April 1-6, 2020). […] From the early to community-transmission phases of COVID-19, psychological distress increased among the Japanese. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963417 | Continuous efforts are carried out to avoid the transmission of this disease to frontline healthcare personnel using single-use personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963423 | Airborne transmission of COVID-19 is also possible in a confined place in the immediate environment of the infected person. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963509 | In this paper, we use a stochastic epidemic SIRC model, with cross-immune class and time-delay in transmission terms, for the spread of COVID-19. […] Our findings show that white noise plays an important part in controlling the spread of the disease; When the white noise is relatively large, the infectious diseases will become extinct; Re-infection and periodic outbreaks can occur due to the existence of feedback time-delay (or memory) in the transmission terms. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963585 | This work studied the effect of these different control strategies as time-dependent interventions using mathematical modeling and optimal control approach to ascertain their contributions in the dynamic transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963632 | Our designed PM2.5 full-cover sand-proof clothing can prevent from not only haze but also droplet transmission by infectious diseases such as COVID-19. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963819 | SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been found in tears of the infected patients, and reports suggest that the ocular surface could serve as a portal of entry and a reservoir for viral transmission. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32963961 | The mother developed the disease immediately after childbirth and therefore a vertical transmission can be excluded. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32964067 | We compared oropharyngeal swab test performance with nasopharyngeal testing for discontinuation of transmission-based COVID-19 precautions. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32964828 | The COVID-19 pandemic required sleep centers to consider and implement infection control strategies to mitigate viral transmission to patients and staff. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32964919 | Contact tracing and household studies in particular provide robust evidence about the parameters of transmission. […] In this viewpoint, we discuss the available evidence from large-scale, well-conducted contact tracing studies from across the world and argue that SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics should inform policy decisions about mitigation strategies for targeted interventions according to the needs of the society by directing attention to the settings, activities and socioeconomic factors associated with the highest risks of transmission. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32965015 | Identification of the extent of environmental contamination can help in understanding possible virus transmission routes, limit hospital infections and protect healthcare workers. […] Thus, effective transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by surfaces/fomites within the hospital ward may be a rare event. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32965306 | Analysis were taken by 22 May 2020, a period when one would claim that early patterns of the pandemic establishment were still detectable, despite of community transmission in various places. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32965371 | To review the current scientific evidence of vertical transmission related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] An integrative review was performed by two independent researchers, based on the literature available in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and LILACS databases, using the descriptors “pregnancy” AND “COVID-19” AND “vertical transmission”. […] After reading the articles available in their entirety, those related specifically to the potential risks of vertical transmission of COVID-19 during pregnancy were selected. […] Our findings seem to demonstrate that vertical transmission is possible but quite unusual. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32965403 | Some facilities and difficulties appeared during the monitoring. as nursing homes are collective households, their residents are vulnerable to transmission of infections. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32965660 | Yet, genetic predisposition may also play a credible role in disease transmission. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32965726 | Given these characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the absence of reported transfusion transmission (TT), the TT risk is currently theoretical. […] To mitigate any potential TT risk, but more importantly to prevent respiratory transmission in donor centres, blood centres can implement donor deferral policies based on travel, disease status or potential risk of exposure. […] The biggest risk to blood services in the current COVID-19 pandemic is to maintain the sufficiency of the blood supply while minimizing respiratory transmission of SARS-CoV-19 to donors and staff while donating blood. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32966223 | However, it is difficult to trace people who came into contact with an infected person, which causes widespread community transmission and mass infection. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32966272 | Continued SARS-CoV-2 transmission was potentially facilitated by lapses in infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, up to 12-day delays in receiving HCP test results (53%) at one facility, and incomplete HCP participation (71%). […] Genetic sequencing demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from HCP and resident specimens were clustered by facility, suggesting facility-based transmission. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32966315 | The identification of these multiple drivers of the COVID-19 outbreak trajectory, based on mapping the spread of COVID-19, will contribute to a better understanding of the COVID-19 disease transmission risk and inform long-term preventative measures against this disease. | 2020-09-23 |
| 32967312 | No in-hospital transmission occurred in the DDI neither among patients nor among health personnel. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32967427 | The easy human-to-human transmission of this virus has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. […] Therefore, we conclude that the developed LFSM assay can be used alone or complementary to the RT-PCR or other methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of the patients to curb community transmission and the pandemic. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32967466 | The scientific community has put in much effort and published studies that described COVID-19’s biology, transmission, clinical diagnosis, candidate therapeutics, and vaccines. […] To reduce human-to-human transmission of the virus and also ensure supply of infrastructures, human resources, and disposable medical devices to many regions, it is crucial to assess risks and postpone non-essential outpatient visits and elective surgical procedures, especially in older patients and those with comorbidities. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32967639 | The first describes the transmission of the illness within provinces; the second accounts for the transmission between nearby provinces; the third is related to the evolution of the disease over time. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32967669 | The current COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential, to prevent the acquisition and transmission of infectious diseases, yet its use is often sub-optimal in the clinical setting. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32967691 | Restricting mobility is a central aim for lowering contact rates and preventing COVID-19 transmission. […] Understanding the effect of public policy on mobility in the early stages is crucial to slowing and reducing COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32967700 | In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search to develop practical strategies that can be implemented when providing respiratory treatments to COVID-19 patients, with the aim to help prevent nosocomial transmission to the frontline workers. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968181 | We employ the epidemic Renormalisation Group (eRG) approach to pandemics, together with the first wave data for COVID-19, to efficiently simulate the dynamics of disease transmission and spreading across different European countries. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968325 | The lack of quantitative risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 under practical settings leads to large uncertainties and inconsistencies in our preventive measures. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968484 | We outline evidence suggesting that regular systematic testing of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals could play an important role in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within institutions. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968643 | The virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has the characteristics of strong transmission capacity, diverse clinical manifestations, long incubation period, strong infection in incubation period, etc. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968669 | Most of the countries are launching different measures to stop the transmission of this virus. […] The disease transmission also occurs at a slower rate presumably due to diverse lifestyles of different ethnicities, immunity and genetic traits; but not because of the hot and humid weather despite previous assumptions. […] Here we have demonstrated an altered disease transmission pattern in people of SAARC countries, measures initiated by the governments, causes of failure and further actions to be taken to control disease transmission. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968677 | Adequate knowledge was found among health care providers regarding diagnostic tests, modes of transmission, incubation period and preventive strategies. […] Post graduate doctors have better knowledge regarding corona virus disease transmission, risk factors, incubation period and preventive strategies as compared to undergraduate doctors. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968680 | In this paper, we build and analyze a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission considering media coverage effects. […] Due to transmission characteristics of COVID-19, we can divided the population into five classes. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32968681 | Pandemic transmission of COVID-19 virus warranted activation of public health responses in all countries. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969012 | K9-to-human transmission, although theoretically possible via fomites, is considered minimal, if at all, and there have been no reported cases of K9-to-human transmission. […] Human-to-K9 transmission, although rare, seems more likely; however, in only one case has a K9 been suspected to have displayed symptoms of COVID-19. […] Preparation, decontamination, hand hygiene, and distancing remain the key factors in reducing transmission of the virus. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969396 | The survey findings showed deficiencies in knowledge and appropriate practice among the HCWs, in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Even in health care workers with access to internet, there is significant gap in universal infection prevention and control practices required for self-protection and limiting untoward transmission. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969402 | The decision is based on some evidences showing that the lockdown is one of the important tools to decrease transmission rates, delay the doubling time and flatten the curve. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969409 | Social contact pattern studies have shown that understanding the nature of human-to-human contacts can help describe the dynamics of infectious disease transmission. […] Keywords: Contact diary;COVID-19; disease transmission; social contact pattern. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969531 | As sports clubs and public spaces may serve a source of viral transmission, masking may become an integral part of physical activity. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969843 | The novel coronavirus epidemic is also analyzed, highlighting the relevance of the eye as a possible source of transmission, infection, and prognosis for the disease. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32969975 | Understanding on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for optimizing preventive strategies. […] The significance of airborne droplet nuclei in SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community setting is less clear. […] Nonpharmaceutical preventive measures at both the community and individual levels are essential for reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] With better understanding of its transmission characteristics, practical nonpharmaceutical preventive measures remain essential to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and its associated health and socioeconomic burdens. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970352 | This virus can spread through personal contact, respiratory droplets, and also through airborne transmission. […] A rapid, low-cost, and effective biosensor platform is essential to diagnose patients with COVID-19 infection, predominantly the asymptomatic individuals, and prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 via transmission routes. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970386 | While no vaccine or anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 are available, lockdown acts as a protective public health measures to reduce human interaction and lower transmission. […] The study aims to explore the impact of delayed planning or lack of planning for the lockdown and inadequate implementation of the lockdown, on the transmission rate of COVID-19. […] On comparing the pattern of transmission rates observed in these six countries at posterior estimated change points, it is found that partial implementation of lockdown (in the United States), delayed planning in lockdown (Russia, United Kingdom, and France), and inadequate implementation of the lockdown (in India and Italy) were responsible to the spread of infections. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970548 | Awareness and comprehension of disease origin, transmission, and control in a health crisis are mainly affected by the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the general public. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970553 | The purpose of this study was to identify shelter characteristics that may be associated with higher transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] Policies that promote resident stability and physical distancing may help reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Symptom screening alone is insufficient to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970557 | This bundled approach will help reduce unplanned actions, which in turn may reduce the risk of aerosol transmission during airway management in resource-limited settings. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970558 | Barrier enclosures have been developed to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission to healthcare providers during intubation, but little is known about their impact on procedure performance. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970559 | The correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) limits transmission of serious communicable diseases to healthcare workers, which is critically important in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970560 | The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rapidly evolving best practices for transmission reduction, diagnosis, and treatment. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970654 | Prompt contact tracing, testing, and self-quarantine can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (3,4). […] These findings indicate that improved timeliness of contact tracing, community engagement, and increased use of community-wide mitigation are needed to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970656 | Local jurisdictions should use measures of deprivation and other social determinants of health to enhance transmission reduction strategies (e.g., increasing availability and accessibility of SARS-CoV-2 testing and distributing prevention guidance) to areas with greatest need. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970716 | Using the least-squares fitting method, transmission and behavior change rates were estimated using cases reported from February 16 to April 20, 2020. […] The estimated transmission rate of COVID-19 was 4·6180 and behavior change rate was 2·6044. […] As behavioral restrictions are eased, local transmission will likely increase, with forecasted second wave peak in October 2020. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970745 | The aim of this study was to develop a model to simulate the effect of undocumented infections, seasonal infectivity, immunity, and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the transmission, morbidity, and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in New York State (NYS) based on data collected between March 4 and April 28, 2020. […] This study employs modelling to simulate fundamental characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, which can help policymakers navigate combating this virus in the coming years. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32970761 | General knowledge about COVID-19 was widely exhibited across the sample, however, Black and Hispanic respondents were less likely to correctly answer questions about the availability of a vaccine and modes of transmission. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32971081 | This study conducted throughout the Spanish territory aims to clarify other routes of transmission of the COVID-19 during confinement, risk factors, and the effectiveness of the recommended hygiene measures to detect critical points of exposure to the virus and thus reduce its spread in this and possible future pandemics that could compromise public health. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32971147 | Increasing evidences have demonstrated human-to-human transmission that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract followed by lower respiratory tract damage leading to severe pneumonia. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32971472 | Its efficient transmission and range of disease severity raise questions regarding the contributions of virus-receptor interactions. […] Our results reveal that ACE2 protein is highest within regions of the sinonasal cavity and pulmonary alveoli, sites of presumptive viral transmission and severe disease development, respectively. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32971478 | Tests, as a surrogate of policy action and earlier policy enactment, matter for saving lives from pandemics as such policies reduce the transmission rate of the pandemic. | 2020-09-24 |
| 32971954 | The relationship between parasite virulence and transmission is a pillar of evolutionary theory that has implications for public health. […] Part of this canon involves the idea that virulence and free-living survival (a key component of transmission) may have different relationships in different host-parasite systems. […] Most examinations of the evolution of virulence-transmission relationships-Theoretical or empirical in nature-Tend to focus on the evolution of virulence, with transmission being a secondary consideration. […] Even within transmission studies, the focus on free-living survival is a smaller subset, though recent studies have examined its importance in the ecology of infectious diseases. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32972177 | In healthcare, outpatient care is a high-risk frontline of infection transmission in both patients and healthcare professionals. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32972218 | The significance of hand hygiene for preventing the transmission of microorganisms and reducing the spread of infection has been brought into sharp focus following the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. […] This research commentary will focus on two issues of importance with regards to hand drying: microbial transmission and skin irritation, with implications for healthcare practitioners and practice considered. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32972463 | Real-time social network visualisation can allow healthcare administrators to flag evolving hotspots and pinpoint key actors in transmission. […] Prioritising these areas and individuals for rigorous containment could help minimise resource outlay and potentially achieve a significant reduction in COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32972644 | In response to the novel coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, many people experiencing homelessness and substance use disorders entered respite and recuperation facilities for care and to isolate and prevent subsequent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32973066 | A number of studies have shown that the airborne transmission route could spread some viruses over a distance of 2 meters from an infected person. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32973089 | As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, formulating targeted policy interventions that are informed by differential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission dynamics will be of vital importance to national and regional governments. […] We develop an individual-level model for SARS-CoV-2 transmission that accounts for location-dependent distributions of age, household structure, and comorbidities. […] We also examine the role of transmission due to particular age groups on total infections and deaths. […] The effect of limiting contacts by a particular age group varies by location, indicating that strategies to reduce transmission should be tailored based on population-specific demography and social structure. […] Across the three populations, though, we find that targeted “salutary sheltering” by 50% of a single age group may substantially curtail transmission when combined with the adoption of physical distancing measures by the rest of the population. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32973098 | To make the physics of person-to-person virus transmission from emitted droplets of oral fluid while speaking easily understood, we present simple and transparent algebraic equations that capture the essential physics of the problem. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32973285 | The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a surge in demand for facemasks to protect against disease transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32973730 | In the present study, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the infectious cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells and we controlled some key findings by classical transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). | 2020-09-25 |
| 32973920 | As predicted, an influx of migrants suspected of having COVID-19 contributed to community transmission and led to an increase of cases across the country. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974030 | Thus, we highlight how evolution-based approaches can be used to form hypotheses and study animal transmission of such viruses in the future. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974120 | This is possible if appropriate hygiene measures are implemented and community transmission remains stable. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974370 | A growing body of evidence demonstrates that asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major contributor to the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The magnitude of the exposure of healthcare workers and the potential for asymptomatic transmission makes it critical to understand the incidence of infection in this population. […] Furthermore, presuming that asymptomatic staff are not carrying SARS-CoV-2 is inconsistent with our results, and this could result in amplified transmission within healthcare settings. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974419 | Although there is no evidence of viral transmission through laparoscopic or open approaches, we recommend modifications to surgical practice such as the use of safe smoke evacuation and minimizing energy device use. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974596 | The studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have mainly focused on epidemiological and clinical features of patients, but transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 virus after patients have recovered is still poorly understood. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974677 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease with many possible routes of transmission. […] Vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 is still controversial. […] We report a case of vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 from an asymptomatic pregnant woman to her newborn baby who had completely asymptomatic course in India. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32974926 | Because asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 produce respiratory droplets that can remain suspended in air for several hours, social distancing may not be a reliable physical barrier to transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975000 | The virus is transmitted by contact, droplet, and airborne transmission; hence, hand hygiene, social distancing, environmental disinfection, and use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) form important components to protect HCWs from cross-infection. […] Appropriate use of PPE is of paramount importance not only to reduce the risk of transmission but also to maintain adequate stock for those who are dealing directly with COVID-19 patients. […] This was done by carrying out a PUBMED search with terms “coronavirus, COVID-19, personal protective equipment (PPE), transmission, mask, face shields, goggles, gloves.” […] The use of PPE can limit transmission to a great extent, but appropriate use and avoiding misuse is equally important in the dermatology setting in order to avoid depletion of stock. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975066 | This case highlights the potential of fecal virus shedding as an important feature of viral transmission in infants and young children. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975205 | Conversely, the risk of vertical transmission seems negligible. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975387 | On March 8th, 2020 the Italian Government implemented extraordinary measures to limit COVID-19 viral transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975552 | The role of children and adolescents in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on susceptibility, symptoms, viral load, social contact patterns, and behavior. […] To systematically review the susceptibility to and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children and adolescents compared with adults. […] Three school-based contact-tracing studies found minimal transmission from child or teacher index cases. […] There is weak evidence that children and adolescents play a lesser role than adults in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at a population level. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975714 | In this study, we propose an evolution law of COVID-19 transmission. […] The proposed expression of daily free energy rate leads to dissipation of propagation introducing a parameter quantifying measures taking by governments to restrict transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32975843 | Although the in vitro results presented cannot be directly translated into clinical efficacy, the study indicates that CZ-MD might offer a protective barrier against SARS-CoV-2 and a decreased risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32976111 | Due to the rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, many health care systems are at risk of exceeding their health care capacities, in particular in terms of SARS-CoV-2 tests, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) beds, and mechanical ventilators. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32976596 | COVID-19 has rapidly evolved to become a global pandemic due largely to the transmission of its causative virus through asymptomatic carriers. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32976707 | Coronaviruses are characterized by a high mutation and recombination rate, which makes host jumping and cross-species transmission easy. […] In fact, increasing contact between different animal species fosters cross-species transmission, while agriculture intensification, animal trade and herd management are key drivers at the human-animal interface. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32976847 | To describe and explain the implications of COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2) for ophthalmologists in light of the rapid developments in our understanding of the virology, transmission and ocular involvement. […] Viral transmission through ocular tissues has not been substantiated. […] COVID-19 is predominantly contracted through direct or airborne transmission by inhalation of respiratory droplets. […] Evidence that aerosol transmission occurs is increasing in particularly prolonged exposure to high concentrations in a relatively closed environment. […] More studies are required to explore the role of the conjunctiva and ocular tissues in the transmission of disease. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32977019 | Many jurisdictions implemented intensive social distancing to suppress SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] SARS-CoV-2 transmission probabilities were estimated by fitting simulated to observed hospital admissions. | 2020-09-25 |
| 32977632 | This paper explores the generation Z (Gen Z) cohort’s self-assessed knowledge regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms as well as their interest in acquiring information and learning more about the transmission and spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2 virus) and the COVID-19 symptoms. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32977826 | Due to COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have adopted unprecedented lockdown to minimize the spread of transmission. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32977848 | However, there are significant gaps in the current recommendations especially with regard to the movement of staff between LTCF and their role as possible transmission vectors. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32977862 | In this review, we generally describe some factors related to human activities and show how they can play a role in the transmission and spread of infectious diseases by using some diseases as examples. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32978297 | We believe that this work will inform thinking about the role of ventilation, aerosol transport in disease transmission for humans and other animals, and yield a better understanding of linguistic aerodynamics, i.e., aerophonetics. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32978339 | The combined effects of COVID-19, containment measures and fragmentation of tuberculosis services have resulted in delays in diagnosis or non-diagnosis and disruption in treatment resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, transmission and drug resistance. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32978529 | Of those, 23 were recent reviews, guidelines, protocols and recommendations from national and international organisations; three were COVID-related original studies and the remainder were pre-COVID publications on handpieces, surface contamination, ventilation, aerosols and airborne spread, ultrasonics, hand washing and dental pain management.Conclusions Patients should conform to COVID-19 screening protocols in order to receive dental care and follow all the procedures in place to prevent transmission while in the dental office. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32979118 | Otorhinolaryngological surgeries being highly aerosol-generating carry the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32979298 | Transmission by the aerosol route is likely; it appears unlikely that either fomite or ballistic droplet transmission could explain a substantial fraction of the cases. […] Based on a conditional assumption that transmission during this outbreak was dominated by inhalation of respiratory aerosol generated by one index case, we use the available evidence to infer the emission rate of aerosol infectious quanta. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32979306 | Transmission is by fleas carried on rats, although new theories include via human body lice and infected grain. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32979308 | People experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to COVID-19 due to the risk of transmission in shared accommodation and the high prevalence of comorbidities. […] Avoidance of deaths depends on prevention of transmission within settings such as hostels and night shelters. | 2020-09-26 |
| 32979936 | Although the future of the virus is unknown at present, countries should continue to share their experiences, shield populations who are at risk, and suppress transmission to save lives. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32979938 | Altogether, the study provides insights on SARS-CoV-2 evasion of IFN-I response and its potential impact on viral transmission and pathogenesis. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32980153 | Knowledge gaps existed regarding transmission and prevention of COVID-19. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32980371 | We use reported case data, both asymptomatic and symptomatic, to model the transmission dynamics. […] We also incorporate into the transmission dynamics unreported cases. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32980782 | To assess the impact of the declaration, this study used population-level questionnaire data collected from an SNS with 121,375 respondents (between March 27 and May 5) to assess the change in transmission routes over the study period, which was measured by investigating the association between COVID-19-related symptoms and (self-reported) contact with COVID-19-infected individuals. […] While careful interpretation is necessary because our data are self-reported from voluntary SNS users, these findings indicate the impact of the declaration on the change in transmission routes of COVID-19 over time in Japan. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32980942 | Using SRTR data, we examined changes in pediatric waitlist registration, waitlist removal or inactivation, and deceased donor and living donor (DDKT/LDKT) events during the start of the disease transmission in the USA compared with the same time the previous year. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32981033 | Breastfeeding is encouraged, and although there is no specific recommendation on wearing a face mask to prevent viral transmission to the newborn while nursing, instructions are given to keep high hygiene standards. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32981073 | Each country responded to this disease in different ways, however this was done broadly by fortifying and prioritizing health care provision as well as introducing social lockdown aiming to contain the infection and minimizing the risk of transmission. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32981112 | Transmission electron microscopy has become a valuable tool to investigate tissues of COVID-19 patients because it allows visualisation of SARS-CoV-2, but the “virus-like particles” described in several organs have been highly contested. […] Compared to other in-situ techniques, transmission electron microscopy is the only method to visualize assembled virions in tissues and will be required to prove SARS-CoV-2 replication outside the respiratory tract. […] In our view, the hunt for coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy is still on. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32981116 | A positive attitude towards social isolation introduced by government as a strategy to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 was predictive of positive coping strategies, and both attitude and coping predicted reduced psychological distress. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32981180 |
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2020-09-27 |
| 32981212 | We also assessed demographic correlates, and beliefs (towards COVID-19 and protective behaviours, towards SARS-CoV-2 transmission, social dilemma variables, and perceived external cues) of a representative sample of British residents. […] We also identified targets for intervention in variables related to transmission of the virus and social dilemma-related beliefs. | 2020-09-27 |
| 32981508 | Oxygen transport physiology, SARSCov-2 characteristics, and its transmission, lung imaging in COVID-19, and HAPE, as well as the causes of clinical signs and symptoms, are discussed. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32981558 | Data on the possibility of transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the provision of chronic haemodialysis, which often entails many person-to-person contacts, are lacking. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32981683 | Coronaviruses infect many animals, including humans, due to interspecies transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32981876 | The use of telemedicine has rapidly expanded to uphold safety strategies of physical distancing and disease transmission reduction while maintaining uninterrupted care of patients. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982019 | To investigate transmission dynamics and then determine control methodology, we took epidemic in Wuhan as a study case. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982059 | Originating from China, cases quickly spread across the globe, prompting the implementation of stringent measures by world governments in efforts to isolate cases and limit the transmission rate of the virus. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982061 | Prediction are given on the future trends of the virus transmission under some control measures. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982081 | In this paper, we formulated a general model of COVID-19model transmission using biological features of the disease and control strategies based on the isolation of exposed people, confinement (lock-downs) of the human population, testing people living risks area, wearing of masks and respect of hygienic rules. […] It is observed that the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals may play a major role in the spreading of transmission. […] We found that isolation has a real impact on COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982082 | Epidemiological models of COVID-19 transmission assume that recovered individuals have a fully protected immunity. […] To study the epidemiological dynamics with the possibility of reinfection, I use a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Resistant-Susceptible model with the time-varying transmission rate. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982135 | Furthermore, we implement the new correlations in a three-dimensional multiphase Eulerian-Lagrangian computational fluid dynamics solver to study the effects of weather conditions on airborne virus transmission. […] Moreover, it creates a crucial alert for the possibility of a second wave of the pandemic in the coming autumn and winter seasons when low temperatures and high wind speeds will increase airborne virus survival and transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982500 | Hence, efforts to control the disease transmission should be contextualized. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982514 | Hospital layout was adjusted to prevent and control transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982575 | The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24 March 2020 and was further extended up to 3 May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982599 | Vertical transmission was reported. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32982600 | This review summarizes the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission pathways, high-risk factors, diagnostic points, pathogenesis, and therapeutic drugs to provide the prevention and treatment theories for COVID-19. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983025 | We are particularly concerned about the high replication and transmission nature of SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to the emergence of more transmissible and/or pathogenic viruses than ever before. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983288 | With the increased risks of transmission of Covid-19 when aerosol generating procedures are carried out in Dentistry, following a minimally invasive approach to managing dental caries should be given serious consideration. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983582 | We developed a compartment model to simulate the dynamic transmission of COVID-19 in China starting from January 2020. […] We considered multiple scenarios of the outbreak-control holiday with different durations and starting times, and under different assumptions about viral transmission rates. […] In conclusion, an outbreak-control holiday can likely effectively delay the transmission of epidemics that spread through social contacts. […] The temporary delay in the epidemic trajectory buys time, which scientists can use to discover transmission routes and identify effective public health interventions and which governments can use to build physical infrastructure, organize medical supplies, and deploy human resources for long-term epidemic mitigation and control efforts. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983590 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated rapid implementation of innovative strategies to manage patients remotely to help reduce the risk of community and nosocomial transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983702 | As a result of this worldwide public health crisis, politicians, elected officials, and healthcare professionals emergently began trialing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in efforts to treat and prevent the transmission of the virus. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983820 | To help plan a return to normalcy, surgeons should create and implement plans to protect patients and staff from coronavirus transmission, assure financial solvency, and consider the effects of delayed surgeries on both the physical and mental health of their patients. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32983934 | Therefore, effective control of the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations are currently effective measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infected disease. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32984094 | These measures are crucial in curtailing disease transmission and the overall containment of the contagion. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32984389 | Human-to-human transmission mainly occurs through droplets, but viral RNA clearance in different biological fluids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. […] We aimed to correlate the presence and the relevant temporal patterns of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in biological specimens (stool, urine, blood, and tears) of the transmission with clinical/epidemiological features in patients with COVID-19. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32984470 | The surge of new coronavirus cases started since the loosening of large-scale social restrictions, thereby implicating that public gathering (including religious gathering) evidently increases transmission [1]. […] Hence, this may contribute to the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission [8]. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32984549 | Although the global number of COVID-19 infections has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of new infections and deaths recorded in African countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission dynamics of the virus on the continent, a lower case fatality rate, or simply a lack of testing or reliable data. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32984782 | High-risk contacts recorded by Phuket Provincial Public Health Office were analysed using the Probit model to investigate the risk factors for transmission from confirmed COVID-19 cases to their high-risk contacts. […] Our findings confirmed that sharing accommodation with an infected case, and exposure to a case with several documented secondary transmission, generally increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection probability. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32984870 | Programs face a risk of resurgence, which will be fastest in high-transmission areas. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985202 | The analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, especially the S gene, shows that natural evolutionary process between a bat-CoV and a pangolin-CoV or other animal coronavirus could have been important in creating SARS-CoV-2, with transmission of novel virus to the human population. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985374 | This period has the potential to see the emergence of fear, blame and judgement, intersecting with existing inequalities, as governments seek to share responsibility for preventing further Sars-Cov-2 transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985380 | The rapid uptake of telehealth has mainly been due to necessity - following social distancing requirements and the need to reduce the risk of transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985537 | We demonstrate that the epidemic renormalisation group approach to pandemics provides an effective and simple way to investigate the dynamics of disease transmission and spreading across different regions of the world. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985671 | The healthcare environment serves as one of the possible routes of transmission of epidemiologically important pathogens, but the role of the contaminated environment on SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear. […] We reviewed survival, contamination, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via environmental surfaces and shared medical devices as well as environmental disinfection of COVID-19 in healthcare settings. […] Although direct exposure to respiratory droplets is the main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2, the contaminated healthcare environment can potentially result in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as described with other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985922 | The presence of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin A in the milk of mothers infected with COVID-19 may be related to protection against the transmission and severity of the disease in their infants. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32985971 | An age- and risk-stratified transmission model of COVID-19 demonstrated that an unmitigated epidemic would dramatically exceed the capacity of the health system of Australia over a prolonged period. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32986120 | Using testing data collected during a prospective household transmission investigation of outpatient and mild COVID-19 cases, we examined the relationship between Ct values of the viral RNA N1 target and demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics collected through participant interviews and daily symptom diaries. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32986229 | Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of occupational exposure to the new pandemic human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and are a source of nosocomial transmission in airborne infectious isolation rooms (AIIRs). […] Here, we performed comprehensive environmental contamination surveillance to evaluate the risk of viral transmission in AIIRs with 115 rooms in three buildings at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, during the treatment of 334 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. […] The results showed that the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in AIIRs was low (1.62%, 25/1544) due to the directional airflow and strong environmental hygiene procedures. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32986502 | Neurosurgeons were faced with the challenge of balancing treatment of patients with life-threatening conditions and preventing the cross-transmission of the virus. […] None of the medical staff involved in the surgeries developed viral infection, and no peri-operative virus transmission occurred in our hospital. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32986804 | Public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have potential to impact transmission of other respiratory viruses. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32986806 | Systematic point-prevalence testing is necessary to reduce risk of transmission from asymptomatic carriers and manage outbreaks in this setting. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32986818 | Our data suggest an important impact of social distance on reducing the transmission of viruses related to acute bronchiolitis. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32987183 | The review included 12 primary studies on the effectiveness of medical facemask use to prevent influenza, influenza-like illness, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] One cohort study conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, demonstrated facemasks are effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission when used before those infected develop symptoms. […] No primary study on cloth facemask effectiveness to prevent respiratory infection transmission was found. […] Based on the available evidence, we recommend medical facemask use by healthy and sick individuals for preventing respiratory infection transmission in community settings. […] Currently, no direct evidence is available in humans supporting the recommendation of cloth facemask use to prevent respiratory infection transmission. | 2020-09-28 |
| 32987496 | Here we develop a discrete-time stochastic epidemic model with binomial distributions to study the transmission of the disease. […] The impact of the timing of returning to work is also evaluated on the disease transmission given different strength of protection and control measures. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987501 | In the field of infectious diseases, modeling, evaluating and predicting the rate of disease transmission is very important for epidemic prevention and control. […] Our results displayed that the lockdown of Wuhan implemented on January 23, 2020 reduced the contact rate of epidemic transmission in Anhui province by 48.37%, and centralized quarantine management policy for close contacts in Anhui reduced the contact rate by an additional 36.97%. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987508 | Some measures have been taken to control the transmission of COVID-19. […] Based on the transmission mechanisms of COVID-19 and epidemic characteristics of Wuhan, by using time-dependent rates for some parameters, we establish a dynamical model to reflect the changes of medical resources on transmission of COVID-19 in Wuhan. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987516 | Based on the current control measures, we proposed a dynamical transmission model with contact trace and quarantine and predicted the peak time and final size for daily confirmed infected cases by employing Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987521 | Then, based on the reported epidemic data of Hubei Province from January 26 to February 13, numerical simulations are used to verify the analysis results, and the impact of peak time and the scale of disease transmission were mainly considered with different information implementation rate and the contact rate. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987541 | Due to the unobservability, the time interval between transmission generations (TG), though important for understanding the disease transmission patterns, of COVID-19 cannot be directly summarized from surveillance data. […] In this study, we develop a likelihood framework to estimate the TG and the pre-symptomatic transmission period from the serial interval observations from the individual transmission events. […] As the results, we estimate the mean of TG at 4.0 days (95%CI: 3.3-4.6), and the mean of pre-symptomatic transmission period at 2.2 days (95%CI: 1.3-4.7). […] We approximate the mean latent period of 3.3 days, and 32.2% (95%CI: 10.3-73.7) of the secondary infections may be due to pre-symptomatic transmission. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987551 | In this paper, we developed a SEIQR difference-equation model of COVID-19 that took into account the transmission with discrete time imported cases, to perform assessment and risk analysis. […] Our investigation model could be potentially helpful to study the transmission of COVID-19, in other provinces of China except Hubei. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32987574 | In this paper we develop a compartmental epidemic model to study the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak, with Mexico as a practical example. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32988333 | Data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rural communities is scarce or non-existent. […] Increased seroconversion in individuals using latrines is consistent with a contributory role of fecal-oral transmission, although we cannot rule out the possibility that latrines are acting as a proxy for poverty or other unknown interacting variables. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32988664 | The World Health Organization recommends its use in public places with a high potential risk of transmission and where other prevention measures, such as physical distancing, are not possible. […] Mandatory use of masks in public open spaces, regardless of the risk of transmission or of whether or not the interpersonal safety distance can be kept, is an intrusive measure that restricts individual freedoms, and would not appear to be justified on the basis of available scientific evidence. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32989346 | Majority of such cases are considered to be human-to-human transmission, while a few are due to wild animals-to-human transmission and substantial burdens on healthcare system following this spread. […] Sensitivity and estimation of those important parameters have been carried out that plays key role in the transmission mechanism. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32989381 | We get the stability theorems for the disease-free equilibrium and provide adequate situations of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics equilibrium of present and absent cases. […] The paper also examines the impact of immune response time delay and the importance of determining essential parameters such as the transmission rate using sensitivity indices analysis. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32989410 | In addition, large-scale transmission models of SARS-CoV-2 have furthered the understanding of coronavirus disease and allowed for rapid policy implementations on travel restrictions and contract tracing apps. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32989413 | Molecular epidemiological investigators have utilized this information to elucidate the origin, mode of transmission, and contact tracing of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32989431 | In Bangladesh, community transmission has been recorded, and the highest number of cases were detected in Dhaka, followed by Narayanganj and Chattogram. […] Findings from this study suggested the “test, trace, and isolation” approach for earlier detection of infection to prevent further community transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32989697 | As for social aspects, COVID-19 infection rate was found to be both positively correlated with population density, and negatively correlated with social isolation rate, hence indicating that social distancing has been effective in reducing the COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32990080 | Guidance regarding appropriate use of personal protective equipment in hospitals is in constant flux as research into SARS-COV-2 transmission continues to develop our understanding of the virus. […] Current guidance is largely based on pragmatic and cautious logic, as there is little scientific evidence of aerosolization and transmission of respiratory viruses associated with procedures. […] As elective work in the NHS is reinstated, it is important that the implications of the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus in hospitals are more widely understood. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32990100 | The symptoms of COVID-19 consist of an elevated temperature, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting amongst others, whereas the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is believed to arise via release of respiratory secretions; through sneezing and coughing. […] Herein, we depict an extensive update on the clinical aspects of COVID-19, including strategies for the regulation of the transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32990152 | Considerations should also be made for COVID-19 transmission, and teleophthalmology can be used to screen patients for the presence of COVID-19 prior to in-person office visits. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32990177 | This paper has proposed a mathematical model for studying its transmission dynamics in the presence of face mask wearing and hospitalization services of human population in Tanzania. […] Basic reproduction number, R 0 , was determined in which its numerical results revealed that, in the presence of face masks wearing and medication services or hospitalization as preventive measure for its transmission, R 0 = 0.698 while in their absence R 0 = 3.8 . | 2020-09-29 |
| 32990563 | To investigate potential transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a domestic flight within Australia, we performed epidemiologic analyses with whole-genome sequencing. […] This investigation provides evidence of flight-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32990602 | These should allow less socially prohibitive measures to curb viral transmission and promote personal and societal wellbeing. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32991038 | The most common cause of transmission in pediatric patients was in contact with a family member diagnosed with COVID-19 (n = 91, 86.7%). | 2020-09-29 |
| 32991148 | Several lines of evidence suggest the role of air-conditioning systems in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] Furthermore, the likelihood of novel coronavirus to take refuge inside a microbial Trojan horse, that is, Acanthamoeba, can further enhance possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the environment. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32991251 | Understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection will allow the development of vaccines or other novel therapeutic approaches to prevent transmission or reduce the severity of infection. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32991621 | Transmission from asymptomatic pregnant patients’ needs to be characterized in larger population cohorts and symptom assessment needs to be standardized. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32991738 | Our results indicate that smoking-induced ACE2 overexpression in the apical surface of bronchial epithelial cells provide a route by which SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells, which supports clinical relevance in attenuating the potential transmission risk of COVID-19 in smoking populations by smoking cessation. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32992291 | Coronaviruses (CoVs) is showing obvious interspecies transmission, such as the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32992359 | Vertical transmission is still a possibility, due to a few reported cases of neonatal positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasal swab, amniotic fluid, and positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) in neonatal blood. | 2020-09-29 |
| 32992592 | The transmission and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of paramount importance in controlling and combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32992614 | We show that if there is a substantial number of asymptomatic transmissions, cutting chains of transmission by means of contact tracing and case isolation would be very challenging without additional interventions, and in particular, untraced cases contribute to lowering the feasibility of containment. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32992775 | This review discusses the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation of COVID-19 with a focus on its pathogenesis and the possible use of liposomal GSH as an adjunctive treatment to the current treatment modalities in COVID-19 patients. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32993509 | A more thorough protocol for preventing cross-infection through faecal-oral transmission should be implemented in the process of patient care and infection control. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32994343 | The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached nearly every country in the world with extraordinary person-to-person transmission. […] Due to concern for human-pet transmission, we investigated the susceptibility of domestic cats and dogs to infection and potential for infected cats to transmit to naive cats. […] We report that cats are highly susceptible to infection, with a prolonged period of oral and nasal viral shedding that is not accompanied by clinical signs, and are capable of direct contact transmission to other cats. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32994372 | Children are likely to become a hidden source of infection because of their atypical presentation, and they may play a role in community transmission, leading to unfavourable outcomes. […] There is little evidence about intrauterine vertical transmission. […] Sufficient evidence regarding the probability of intrauterine vertical transmission could not be found, and further studies need to be conducted to establish this relationship. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32994671 | However, lockdowns do not prevent any virus with droplet transmission (including SARS-CoV-2) from spreading. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32994704 | It also discusses the causes, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and prevention measures to identify an applicable measure to control COVID-19. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32994856 | The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur primarily through direct contact or droplets. […] There have also been reports that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in biopsy and stool specimens, and it has been postulated that there is potential for fecal-oral transmission as well. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported in 17.6% of COVID-19 patients and transmission can potentially occur through gastrointestinal secretions in this group of patients. […] Furthermore, transmission can also occur in asymptomatic carriers or patients with viral shedding during the incubation period. […] Endoscopic procedures hence may pose significant risks of transmission (even for those not directly involving confirmed COVID-19 cases) as endoscopists and endoscopy staff are in close contact with patients during these aerosol generating procedures. […] This could result in inadvertent transmission of infection at time of endoscopy. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32995051 | It is therefore a public health priority for policymakers to understand risk factors for this vulnerable group to avert occupational transmission. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32995557 | From March 2020 onwards, the importation of cases from countries in the rest of the world followed by seeding of local transmission triggered further outbreaks in India. […] Methods: We used ARTIC protocol-based tiling amplicon sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 (n=104) from different states of India using a combination of MinION and MinIT sequencing from Oxford Nanopore Technology to understand how introduction and local transmission occurred. […] The local transmission and persistence of genomes A4, A2a and A3 was also observed in the studied locations. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32995683 | The emergence of the novel Coronavirus has forced most governments across the world to enact stringent public laws to curb its transmission among the populations. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32995866 | The decline occurred within a week of the recognition of widespread community transmission of the virus in each region and shows a striking correlation with the national figures for new diagnoses of COVID-19 in each case. […] Following an intense nationwide programme of public health interventions, local transmission of COVID-19 ceased to be detectable after 18 February allowing the electrophysiology service to resume with a strict testing regime for all patients. […] Intense public health intervention can permit suppression of local disease transmission allowing resumption of some normal activity with stringent precautions. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32996450 | Maintaining shared toilets require disinfection protocols and behavioral precautions to limit the risk of fomite transmission. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32996452 | Epidemiology investigations showed no healthcare-associated transmission. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32996453 | The highly infectious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires rigorous infection prevention and control (IPC) to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 within healthcare facilities, but in low-resource settings, the lack of water access creates a perfect storm for low-handwashing adherence, ineffective surface decontamination, and other environmental cleaning functions that are critical for IPC compliance. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32996705 | Countries with high HIV burden are balancing the need to minimize interactions with health facilities to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission, while delivering uninterrupted essential HIV prevention, testing and treatment services. […] Tailored, family friendly programme adaptations for case-finding, ART delivery and viral load monitoring for these populations have the potential to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission while ensuring the continuity of life-saving HIV case identification and treatment efforts. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32996823 | The Inter Organizational Practice Committee (IOPC) convened a workgroup to develop guidance on models to provide neuropsychological (NP) care during the COVID-19 pandemic while minimizing risks of novel coronavirus transmission as lockdown orders are lifted and ambulatory clinical services resume. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32996858 | At the same time, a large number of daily contacts between nursing staff and those in need of care increase the risk of transmission of the disease. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32997092 | The rapid and abrupt transmission pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 unleashed the current COVID-19 pandemic, as recognized by the World Health Organization in March 2020. […] Considering the high risk of transmission of the virus in dental environments and the specificities in clinical practice, COVID-19 posed immediate challenges for dental care and education. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32997103 | The Inter Organizational Practice Committee (IOPC) convened a workgroup to develop guidance on models to provide neuropsychological (NP) care during the COVID-19 pandemic while minimizing risks of novel coronavirus transmission as lockdown orders are lifted and ambulatory clinical services resume. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32997683 | Descriptive findings indicate that students have a fundamental knowledge of COVID-19 transmission and common symptoms. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32998162 | A central concern for the safe provision of ART during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (CODIV-19) pandemic is the possibility of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through gametes and preimplantation embryos. | 2020-09-30 |
| 32998213 | A detailed list includes difficulties and risks, such as transmission of communicable diseases (e.g., COVID-19) due to the doctor-patient proximity, unchanged learning curves, variable detection rates, procedure-related adverse events, endoscopists’ and nurses’ burnouts, limited human and/or material resources, and patients’ preferences to choose non-invasive options that further interfere with the successful implementation and adoption of routine screening. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32998403 | This was accomplished through timely adaptation of clinical workflows and implementation of practice modification measures in compliance with state, national and federal guidelines to ensure that risk of transmission remained low and the health of both immunocompromised cancer patients and clinical staff remained protected. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32998512 | Available reports suggest possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, although longitudinal cohort studies of such offspring are needed. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32998572 | Despite a growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology, epidemiology, and clinical management strategies, other aspects, such as mode of delivery, vertical transmission, and maternal bonding, remain controversial. […] We compared neonatal transmission rates between those neonates who experienced bonding versus those who were separated. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32998719 | To define the main transmission networks (infection chains), we assumed that the spatial diffusion of the COVID-19 epidemic was influenced by population mobility. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32999287 | Here, we review the different applications for mobile phone data in guiding and evaluating COVID-19 response, the relevance of these applications for infectious disease transmission and control, and potential sources and implications of selection bias in mobile phone data. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32999356 | Intercellular connections were also approached, and viral particles were adhered to these extensions suggesting direct cell-to-cell transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-01 |
| 32999782 | Background As the early peak phase in the coronavirus outbreak has intensified, stay-at-home mandates requiring identified individuals as nonessential were advised to remain home to prevent community transmission of the disease. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33000462 | The paper by Colmenero et al. presents a study of skin biopsies from paediatric patients presenting with chilblains during the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Seven cases were examined by histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques, and one of these was additionally studied by transmission electron microscopy. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33001138 | To evaluate the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital-based HCWs with exposure to patients with COVID-19 using a pre-exposure prophylaxis strategy. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33001833 | The aim of this study is to obtain more robust estimates of the incubation period, serial interval, frequency of presymptomatic transmission, and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19 based on a large case series. […] Presymptomatic transmission occurred in 129 of 296 infector-infectee pairs (43.58%). […] Presymptomatic transmission together with the asymptomatic transmission reported by previous studies highlight the importance of adequate testing, strict quarantine, and social distancing. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33001839 | The aim of this study was to estimate the serial interval and basic reproduction number (R0) to understand the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak at a district level. […] Reductions of transmission by 25% and 50% corresponding to reasonable and aggressive control measures could lead to 58.7% and 84.0% reductions in epidemic size, respectively. […] The projected transmission reductions indicate that strengthening control measures could lead to proportionate reductions of the size of the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33001871 | Preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in institutes of higher education presents a unique set of challenges because of the presence of congregate living settings and difficulty limiting socialization and group gatherings. […] The rapid increase in cases within 2 weeks of opening campus suggests that robust measures are needed to reduce transmission at institutes of higher education, including efforts to increase consistent use of masks, reduce the density of on-campus housing, increase testing for SARS-CoV-2, and discourage student gatherings. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33001872 | In these regions, increases in the percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results among adults aged 20-39 years preceded increases among adults aged ≥60 years by an average of 8.7 days (range = 4-15 days), suggesting that younger adults likely contributed to community transmission of COVID-19. […] Given the role of asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission (2), strict adherence to community mitigation strategies and personal preventive behaviors by younger adults is needed to help reduce their risk for infection and subsequent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to persons at higher risk for severe illness. | 2020-10-01 |
| 33001876 | CDC deployment data were analyzed to summarize activities by deployed CDC teams in assisting state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to identify and implement measures to contain SARS-CoV-2 transmission (1). […] Deployed teams assisted with the investigation of transmission in high-risk congregate settings, such as long-term care facilities (53 deployments; 26% of total), food processing facilities (24; 12%), correctional facilities (12; 6%), and settings that provide services to persons experiencing homelessness (10; 5%). | 2020-10-01 |
| 33003634 | Multiple factors in hospital settings may play important roles in the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33003988 | The susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 is of concern due to the potential for interspecies transmission, and the requirement for pre-clinical animal models to develop effective countermeasures. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33004064 | As testing and tracing capacities increase, frameworks are needed to inform design and delivery to ensure their effective implementation and equitable distribution, and to strengthen community engagement in slowing and eventually stopping Covid-19 transmission. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33004106 | While all pandemics are unique in their level of transmission and breadth of impact, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the deepest global crisis of the 21st century, which has affected nearly every country globally. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33004213 | While these measures are necessary to slow virus transmission, little is known regarding the secondary health consequences of social distancing. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33004295 | Each step of the FMT working protocol was adapted with specific security measures to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33004925 | Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. […] In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the COVID-19 transmission in two large metropolitan areas in Northern Italy as Milan and Florence and in the autonomous province of Trento. […] Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation (at lesser degree). […] In other words, COVID-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33005276 | However, the study of asymptomatic patients is still rare, and the understanding of its potential transmission risk is still insufficient. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006287 | A model that predicts levels of coronavirus (CoV) respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials based on the shell disorder has been built using neural network (artificial intelligence, AI) analysis of the percentage of disorder (PID) in the nucleocapsid, N, and membrane, M, proteins of the inner and outer viral shells, respectively. […] Using primarily the PID of N, SARS-CoV-2 is grouped as having intermediate levels of both respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006559 | The handwashing station was used 1138 times during the field test and there was no COVID-19 transmission at the school during the testing. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006586 | Mitigation and preventive measures targeted to young adults can likely reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission among their contacts and communities. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006691 | There was a potential intrauterine transmission while pregnant women had high titer of SARS-CoV-2, but it is necessary to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the blood cord, placenta, and amniotic fluid to further confirm intrauterine infection of fetuses. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006879 | There is limited data regarding the vertical transmission (VT) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006886 | Although alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) control the widespread transmission of such pathogens through dermal contact, excessive exposure to alcohol mists and vapors causes CNS disorders, apart from skin infections and negative impacts on the useful microbiome. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33006900 | This study offers a useful and novel perspective on the underlying mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through the lens of allosteric signaling as a regulatory apparatus of virus transmission that could open up opportunities for targeted allosteric drug discovery against SARS-CoV-2 proteins and contribute to the rapid response to the current and potential future pandemic scenarios. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33007143 | To examine associations between demographics, people’s beliefs, and compliance with behaviours recommended by the UK government to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. […] Interventions to increase compliance with the recommended behaviours to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, especially those relating to social distancing, need to bolster people’s intentions and perceptions of capacity. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33007190 | In the first part of this review, we start by explaining the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and examining its transmission and means of infection. […] In the second half of the review, we emphasize the ocular transmission, symptomatic manifestations, and the essential knowledge in an ophthalmology clinic setting. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33007342 | This review focuses on phylogenomic distribution and evolutionary lineage of zoonotic viral cross-species transmission of the Coronaviridae family and the implications of bat microbiome in zoonotic viral transmission and infection. […] Finally, the importance of synthetic viruses in the study of viral evolution and transmission is highlighted. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33007476 | Minor variant analyses identified the transmission of intra-host variants in the index cluster and household clusters. […] Furthermore, the follow up of minor viral variants in infection cluster can provide further resolution on transmission events indistinguishable on consensus sequence level. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33007711 | Although health anxiety and corresponding safety behaviors can facilitate disease transmission avoidance, they can be maladaptive in excess, including during the coronavirus pandemic. […] Disgust proneness (i.e., tendency to experience and be sensitive to disgust) is one factor that may predict elevated coronavirus anxiety and safety behaviors during the pandemic, given the role of disgust in avoiding disease transmission. | 2020-10-02 |
| 33007976 | Understanding SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and transmission is a serious issue. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33007985 | The rapid transmission rate of the virus, as well as the lack of effective medications and vaccines, has posed serious challenges to controlling the spread of the disease. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33007992 | Residents were well aware of the common symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever (66%) and dry cough (57%), but not the asymptomatic transmission (24%). […] Our findings emphasize the need to develop context-adequate education and communication programs to raise vigilance about asymptomatic transmission and to sustain preventative behaviors. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33008308 | The issue of vertical transmission and the possibility of neonatal infection is a major concern. […] There is still insufficient evidence supporting maternal-fetal vertical transmission for COVID-19-infected mothers in late pregnancy, and vaginal delivery may not increase the possibility of neonatal infection. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33008410 | So far, little is known concerning the role of pets and other animals in the transmission of COVID-19. […] This review summarized the current evidence about the role of pets and other animals in the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33008440 | A large number of cases of pneumonia caused by novel β-coronavirus emerged in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019 and demonstrated great potential for transmission. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33008706 | The majority of these data have focused on maternal-fetal transmission and neonatal outcomes. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009009 | Although it is imperative to implement policies that reduce risk of transmission of COVID-19 to pregnant women and health care providers, it is necessary for healthcare providers and policy makers to listen to the collective voices of women during pregnancy about how COVID-19 has affected their birth and infant feeding plans and their perception of changes in prenatal care. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009087 | The novel coronavirus epidemic is also analyzed, highlighting the relevance of the eye as a possible source of transmission, infection, and prognosis for the disease. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009246 | A ‘silencing’ of pain via subversion of VEGF-A/NRP-1 signaling may underlie increased disease transmission in asymptomatic individuals. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009614 | It is important to note that the more studies require addressing, the more possible airborne transmission due to the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols for 3 h approximately. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009656 | AAPIs are at high risk for COVID-19 transmission, in part due to their over-representation in the essential workforce, but also due to cultural factors, such as intergenerational residency, and other social determinants of health, including poverty and lack of health insurance. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009735 | The ecological comparison study among the three populations have proved that social distancing, quarantine, lockdown, cutting off sources of infection and transmission routes, early detection, early isolation, early treatment are all vital to control the epidemic by reducing COVID-19 confirmed cases, severe cases and the fatality rate. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009800 | Weeks after issuing social distancing orders to suppress severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and reduce growth in cases of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), all U.S. states and the District of Columbia partially or fully relaxed these measures. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009907 | The 9-h survival of SARS-CoV-2 on human skin may increase the risk of contact transmission in comparison with IAV, thus accelerating the pandemic. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33009908 | These data confirm the low level of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Australia before July 2020 and validate the specificity of our assay. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33010706 | In contrast, the HTH EC for the ATH-collected sample was evaluated using transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM)-based image analysis and real-time qRT-PCR assay. | 2020-10-03 |
| 33010961 | In the context of community transmission of the virus, the impact of the pandemic on health-care systems, mainly on intensive care units (ICU), was expected to be devastating. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33011225 | According to the updated literature, the stools and masks of the patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were considered as the primary route of coronavirus transmission into water and wastewater. […] Therefore, further studies should focus on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in water and wastewater under different operational conditions (i.e., temperature and water matrix) and whether the transmission from COVID-19-contaminated water to human is an emerging concern. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33011336 | Therefore, the cross-transmission of other micro-organisms was thought unlikely to occur. […] Several findings might have contributed to cross-transmission including the multiple-bedroom configuration of the department, uncomplete compliance for standard and contact precautions, overwork due to the burden of the disease, lack of training of staff for the care of ICU-patients, and misuse of gloves. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33011594 | Evidence suggests that transmission of the virus is primarily through respiratory droplets and contact routes, and airborne carriers such as atmospheric particulates and aerosols have also been proposed as important vectors for the environmental transmission of COVID-19. […] In this article, we present the up-to-date evidence and discussions on sewage-associated transmission of COVID-19, and highlighted the roles of sewage overflow and sewage-contaminated aerosols in two publicized events of community outbreaks. […] Given that communities serviced by combined sewer systems are particularly prone to such risks, local municipalities could prioritize wastewater infrastructure upgrades and consider combined sewer separations to minimize the risks of pathogen transmission via sewage overflows during epidemics. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33011681 | The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has resulted in the cancellation of traditional in-person meetings and clinical examination assessments, learning and education activities because of concern of viral transmission. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33011792 | This study raises awareness of precautions which should be taken to avoid in-hospital transmission. […] Regular testing of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 should be considered to identify areas with increased transmission. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33011950 | The COVID-19 knowledge about its transmission, symptoms, and precautions is also useful. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33012056 | During the period of health emergency linked to the current COVID-19 pandemic, the paediatric dentists’ management of oral health problems in children must have as primary objective the control of the spread of the disease according to specific protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-10-04 |
| 33012160 | Because it is potentially life-threatening to infants and pregnant women with weak immune systems, clinical manifestations and vertical transmission of COVID-19 are matters of interest. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33012174 | Recent indirect evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during endoscopic endonasal procedures has highlighted the dearth of knowledge surrounding aerosol generation with these procedures. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33012285 | One of the main aims of control measures is to reduce respiratory pathogen transmission through direct contact with others. […] COVID-19 control measures have had a large impact on direct contacts and therefore transmission, but have also caused considerable economic and food insecurity. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33012592 | Telemedicine facilitates remote specialized urological clinical support and solves problems caused by limited patient mobility or transfer, reduces unnecessary visits to clinics and is useful to reduce the risk of COVID-19 viral transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33012707 | Good rapport between proctors and treating physicians was reported, enabled by the high-resolution image transmission and uninterrupted feedback/discussion via audiostream. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33012863 | In total, 146 confirmed cases (85 cases imported and 61 cases through community transmission) and no deaths due to COVID-19 had been reported in Taizhou by 1 June 2020. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33012887 | Public health strategies based on widespread testing and proper isolation of positive cases have shown to be helpful to reduce local transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Testing is a key strategy to reduce viral transmission, not only for this epidemic, but also for others to come. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013236 | The findings indicate the unique role of Italy in crisis transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013255 | The mode of transmission was human-to-human contact and hence resulted in a rapid surge across the globe where more than 24 million people have been infected with COVID-19. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013497 | Characterized by rapid and high frequency human-to-human transmission, the World Health Organization has recommended implementation of public health measures, including isolation of all suspected infectious individuals for a 14-day quarantine period, while governments have introduced “social distancing” and “lock-downs” of varying severity to curtail COVID-19 spread. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013637 | Differences in olfactory bulb due to sex and age may contribute to clarify the different susceptibility to infection and understand the role of age in transmission and disease severity. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013809 | This points to the effectiveness of existing travel restriction policies and public health measures in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013925 | This comparative study provides a critical evaluation of the origin, genomic features, transmission, and pathogenicity of these viruses. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33013929 | For better understanding the viral spike (S) protein variations and its potential effects on the interaction with the host immune system and also in vaccine development, the cell epitopes, glycosylation profile and their changes during the global transmission course were characterized and compared with SARS-CoV for their glycosylation profile. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014150 | Globally, the community transmission of this disease is affecting people in large clusters and so it is necessary to mitigate and control them in order to minimise the social and economic consequences. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014385 | Suspicion for the airborne potential of SARS-Cov-2 is an important problem for its transmission and relevant epidemics. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014631 | This has implicated the eye as a portal of transmission. […] Whilst the eye is unlikely to be a main transmission route, we need to consider the possibilities of conjunctivitis as a presenting complaint and of the eye playing a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014697 | Results obtained from conducted research by epidemiologists and virologists showed that, COVID-19 is mainly spread from symptomatic individuals to others who are in close contact via respiratory droplets, mouth and nose, which are the primary mode of transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014718 | The high probability of missed pediatric cases and the invasive nature of surgery generate great concern for widespread transmission in this setting. […] Furthermore, carefully designed organizational protocols should be established to minimize transmission while ensuring the uninterrupted operation of pediatric surgery units. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014806 | Oncology units should implement all possible preventive measures to reduce the risk of viral transmission by healthcare professionals (HCPs) to patients. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014919 | Adaptations have been proposed for resuscitation of infants born to women with COVID-19, to protect health care providers, maintain infection control, and limit post-natal transmission. […] These disruptions need to be considered given the uncertainty of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014936 | To prevent COVID-19 from spreading among children, efforts to prevent, and control the infection should be increased by controlling the source of infection, blocking the route of transmission and protecting the susceptible population. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33014984 | In this study, we aimed to review the instructions published either before or after COVID-19’s transmission to Iran to depict the clinical approach and therapeutics used in Iran to battle the current pandemic. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015107 | However, given that asymptomatic carriers could continue to lead to transmission of COVID-19 during the very early stages, the endoscopists have taken precautions and conduct risk assessments to perform endoscopic intervention in this transition stage. […] Based on our experiences, the objective is to provide practical suggestions for the safe resumption of ERCP procedures in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic with specific focus on patient risk assessment, personal protection equipment (PPE), and dress code modalities, all of which have been implemented in our hospital to reduce the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015206 | There is paucity of literature on efficacy of cloth face mask in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission; thus, this review aims to update the available most recent evidences on efficacy of cloth face masks in prevention of viral infection transmission. […] Cloth face masks have limited efficacy in combating viral infection transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015425 | To date, many models have been proposed which estimate the transmission risk of COVID-19 in terms of time; however, its dependency on space dimensions has been ignored. […] In this research, by multiplying risk parameters in certain regions and bridging, we obtain a stable action, which means that the transmission risk worldwide could shrink to a constant. […] Then, by adding space dimensions to the parameters in transmission risk models, and using the wave equations of manifolds for the regions, we obtain the dynamics of the exchanged novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) between countries. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015552 | The global active transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its unexplained characteristics has led to a pandemic. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015555 | Managing cancer patients under these circumstances is rather challenging, given their compromised immunity and the overwhelmed health care services by COVID-19 community transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015705 | Our pilot study showed that rooming-in may be considered for term/near term infants with asymptomatic mothers with COVID19, while limiting transmission risk through infection control and education measures. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015748 | Viral RNA can be detected in stool in up to 50% of patients, sometimes even after pharyngeal clearance, but it is unclear whether fecal-oral transmission occurs. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015816 | Since the COVID-19 outbreak, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and dentists have been severely affected, both for the transmission routes and for the diagnostical and therapeutic procedures typical of these disciplines. […] In this article, we discuss the transmission routes, the potential risk of contagion for patients and healthcare providers during procedures, and comment on the changes that will affect head and neck clinical practice in the future of outpatient and surgical activities. […] Otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and dentists are at high risk for infection contagion and spread because they perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that generate aerosol and droplets thus facilitating virus transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015938 | The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic stresses the need for effective antiviral drugs that can quickly be applied in order to reduce morbidity, mortality and ideally viral transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33015942 | We review treatment in these patients, as well as our measures to reduce transmission among our hemodialysis patients and staff. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33016144 | Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been some debate regarding the risk of transmission through tissue transplantation and tissue banking processes. […] Also, the hazard of SARS-CoV-2 entering the corneal donor pool with subsequent transmission might be perceived as theoretical. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33016518 | Hand hygiene is crucial to avoid healthcare-associated infections and the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33017067 | Recent anecdotal reports and cadaveric simulations have described aerosol generation during endonasal instrumentation, highlighting a possible risk for transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during endoscopic endonasal instrumentation. […] Endonasal debridement may potentially pose a higher risk for aerosolization and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33017270 | Poor health care access is exacerbated as in-person visits now pose viral transmission risk. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33017340 | To minimize transmission risk and to ensure availability of health resources, many hospitals have cancelled elective surgeries. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33017611 | We have also addressed the role of animals in the transmission of this coronavirus. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33017783 | The association between air quality and COVID-19 is commonly attributed to the risk of transmission. […] Although controlled transmission is crucial, further investigation into air quality traits that contribute to the lethality of COVID-19 in infected persons enables risk stratification and optimization of the allocation of resources. | 2020-10-05 |
| 33019856 | This study aimed to explore the transmission of COVID-19 in a U.S. state psychiatric hospital setting. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020329 | The concept of controlling disease transmission relies on contacts suppression; and on the longer end, relies on vaccinations. […] Recent evidence outlines test, tracing and isolation are effective in suppressing COVID-19 transmission. […] Minimizing testing and tracing delay, less than four days with coverage of 80% close contacts could prevent and reduce onwards transmission.That we need to more is indisputable. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020333 | Almost all respondents had good knowledge regarding transmission of COVID-19 and did proper prevention practices. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020340 | The high transmission rate of the virus has made it a threat to public health globally. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020352 | The present study was conducted to assess the perceived risk of COVID-19 transmission in dental professionals (DPs), that include dentists and dental auxiliary staffs, and whether rapid tests should be a recommended tool to constrain the transmission of the COVID-19, and who should be bearing their cost (governments, dentists, or patients) through an online survey. […] Since all the dentists and allied staff have perceived increased risk for COVID-19 transmission, it is important that preventive measures are implemented through rapid test kits at the earliest. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020651 | Yet empirical evidence on the effect of key geographic factors on local epidemic transmission is lacking7. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020672 | One of the negative components of international travel is the higher likelihood of emergencies that affect a large number of people (mass negative impact on health), for example the transmission of infectious diseases, as e.g. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020695 | More than 216 countries are struggling against the transmission of the disease, recovery and motility. […] Most of the nations adopted partial or complete ‘lockdown’ and imposed ‘social distancing’ to control the rapid transmission of COVID-19 and its consequence. […] This review article has discussed the effects of nationwide lockdown aiming to community transmission COVID-19 on animal life behaviour and atmospheric environment in different aspects. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020702 | The transmission rate takes into account the impact of governmental action modeled as a step function while the decreasing contacts among individuals responding to the severity of the pandemic is modeled as a decreasing exponential function. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020726 | Amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency and urged people to stay at home to prevent disease transmission. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33020740 | Taiwan has effectively contained COVID-19 community transmission. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33021515 | The impacts of Heat index (HI) and Ultraviolet index (UVI) over daily COVID-19 cases have examined to identify its transmission and propagation. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33021554 | As a result, correctional agencies have reoriented staff to stem transmission in their facilities. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33021717 | To mitigate transmission, most states ordered shelter-in-place orders in March and reopening strategies varied. […] This study contributes to the growing evidence that mask usage is essential for mitigating community transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33022093 | The potential aerosolised transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is of global concern. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33022331 | Isolation space must be expanded during pandemics involving airborne transmission. […] The COVID-19 pandemic has an airborne transmission component and requires isolation, which is difficult to accomplish in skilled nursing facilities. […] The overall goal was to minimize disease transmission between residents and staff within the facility. […] We measured pressure on-site and performed computational fluid dynamics and Lagrangian particle-based modeling to test containment and possible transmission extent given the isolation space is considered negative rather than individual rooms. […] No transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between residents isolated to the space occurred, nor did any transmission to the staff or other residents occur. […] Skilled nursing facilities can be retrofitted to provide negative pressure isolation space in a reasonable time frame and a cost effective manner to minimize airborne disease transmission within that space. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33022459 | Herein, we discuss about concerns associated with virus occurrence in human feces and sewage, with attention to the possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, based on the review of recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 as well as the previous pandemic events. […] Given the reported environmental stability of coronavirus, the feces- and sewage-derived transmission routes may be of importance to prevent unprecedented spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) particularly in developing countries. […] Therefore, uncertainty remains in the possibility of this transmission pathway, and further investigation is warranted in future studies, for example, by increasing the number of specimens, examining the effectiveness of methods for viral viability test, considering the patient medical history, and so forth. | 2020-10-06 |
| 33023050 | The situation is particularly difficult for dentists due to the high risk of virus transmission in the dental surgery. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33023561 | To evaluate the association between crowding and transmission of viral respiratory infectious diseases, we investigated the change in transmission patterns of influenza and COVID-19 before and after a mass gathering event (i.e., carnival) in the Netherlands. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33023635 | There is a paucity of data on the vertical transmission and the adverse maternal-fetal consequences of this disease, so vertical transmission from mother to child remains to be confirmed. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33023685 | These findings raise concern for a prolonged presymptomatic transmission phase, necessitating a longer quarantine duration in this patient population. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33023703 | The current pandemic is defined by the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that can lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] In this review, we use a global lens to examine the sociological contexts that are potentially and systematically involved in high rates of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including lack of personal protective equipment, population density and confinement. […] By contextualising and disambiguating transmission risks that are particularly prominent for disadvantaged populations, this review can assist public health efforts throughout and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33023916 | According to all diagnosis number from WHO website and combining with the transmission mode of infectious diseases, the mathematical model was fitted to predict future trend of outbreak. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024053 | However, as recent studies have shown, virions can remain infectious for up to 72 h on surfaces, which can lead to transmission through contact. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024095 | We combine phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian inference under an epidemiological model to trace person-to-person transmission. […] The dispersion parameter of the offspring distribution in the inferred transmission chain was estimated to be 0.23 (95% CI: 0.13-0.38), indicating there are individuals who directly infected a disproportionately large number of people. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024144 | The results indicated local transmission (type T, Spike protein (A829T)) and imported cases (types L, GH, GR and O) during the first wave in Thailand. […] Genetic and epidemiological data may contribute to national policy formulation, transmission tracking and the implementation of measures to control viral spread. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024235 | To understand the determinant for this situation, we constructed a mathematical model describing the transmission dynamics and natural history of COVID-19 and analyzed the dataset of mortality in Italy, Spain, and Japan. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024280 | To evaluate the impact of relaxation of restrictions on COVID-19 dynamics and control, we developed a transmission dynamic model and calibrated it to US state-level COVID-19 cases and deaths. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024281 | We propose four immunological scenarios for the impact of cross-reactive CD4+ memory T cells on COVID-19 severity and viral transmission. […] In sum, we argue that key potential impacts of cross-reactive T cell memory are already incorporated into epidemiological models based on data of transmission dynamics, particularly with regard to their implications for herd immunity. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024371 | Hands are a common vector for the transmission of infection, and frequent face touching is extremely common among the public. […] We developed and applied a new method to prevent face touching which is of utmost importance to break its cycle and subsequent inoculation of the virus through mucous membranes, thus reducing the risk of transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024412 | Therefore, we used fuzzy logic to develop fuzzy mathematical model for control of transmission and spreading of COVID19. […] The fuzzy control of early transmission and spreading of coronavirus by fuzzy mathematical model will be very effective. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024427 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought speculations on possible transmission routes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of the pandemic. […] Air pollution has been linked to increased risks of COVID-19 infection and mortality rates in regions with poor air quality, yet no retrospective study has been reported on foodborne transmission of COVID-19. […] Food transmission evidence has been disclosed in China early July 2020 by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on frozen foods, including their packaging materials and storage environments, with two re-emergent outbreaks linked to contaminated food sources. […] We therefore hypothesize that contaminated cold-storage foods may present a systematic risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission between countries and regions. […] Here, we review the evidence, risk factors, current policy and knowledge gaps, on food contamination and foodborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024558 | The COVID-19 outbreak from the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shocking us with its fast transmission and deadly complication. […] From the new normal recommendations, the people can continue their daily routines, and at the same time can reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024695 | We hope to clarify the prevalence of these symptoms and patterns of transmission within a family cluster. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024750 | Without supplemental stool tests, the risk of undetected COVID-19 transmission is high. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33024909 | The epidemic course of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been differently divided according to its transmission pattern and the infection and mortality status. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33025199 | Moreover, transmission and phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple independent sources of introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Turkey and a close relationship to the isolates from Saudi Arabia. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33025421 | Later, it was noticed that both, Indigenous and doctor, were responsible for COVID-19’s transmission to 43 other Indigenous individuals (30 in Alto Rio Solimões and 13 in Parintis), causing possibly other confirmed deaths. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026198 | We describe the actions taken to prevent the transmission of the virus SARS-CoV-2 among hemodialysis patients and healthcare workers and the methods for diagnosing COVID-19, with particular attention to serological tests and nasopharyngeal swabs in asymptomatic subjects. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026286 | The potential risk of asymptomatic transmission both between first responders and from first responders to vulnerable patients requires more study. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026314 | It is essential to act upstream of hospitals in order to reduce demand on emergency departments, minimizing the risk of transmission that occurs there and the team overload, as well as downstream to ensure capacity for hospitalization and in the hospital itself to optimize resources and organization. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026453 | Data on the routes of transmission to Los Angeles, California, the US West Coast epicenter for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and subsequent community spread are limited. […] To determine the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 to Southern California and elucidate local community spread within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. […] The genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 isolates in the Los Angeles population pinpointed community transmission of 13 patients within a 3.81 km2 radius. […] Person-to-person transmission was detected in a cluster of 5 patients who shared the same single-nucleotide variation in their SARS-CoV-2 genomes. […] These findings highlight the precision of detecting person-to-person transmission and accurate contact tracing directly through SARS-CoV-2 genome isolation and sequencing. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026622 | The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) created a significant impact on the oral healthcare profession, and dentists are reported to have a higher risk of transmission. […] Aerosols and droplets are considered as primary reasons for the transmission of this infectious disease. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026922 | While pneumonia is the most prominent symptom in patients infected by coronaviruses due to their transmission through respiratory droplets, urogenital system can also suffer from the infection of coronaviruses, resulting renal failure and testicular atrophy and etc. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33026956 | Although there is little evidence of viral transmission through laparoscopic or open approaches, we recommend modifications to surgical practice such as the use of safe smoke evacuation and minimizing energy device use to reduce the risk of exposure to aerosolized particles to the health care team. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027033 | COVID-19 often causes respiratory symptoms, making otolaryngology offices one of the most susceptible places for community transmission of the virus. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027035 | Physical distancing measures taken to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission may substantially reduce physical activity levels and cause individuals to adopt a more sedentary lifestyle. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027185 | This review outlines the current evidence of the epidemiology of infection in children, the clinical manifestations of disease, the role of children in transmission of the virus and the recently described hyperinflammatory syndrome observed later during the first phase of the pandemic. […] Important questions remain unanswered regarding why children have mild disease compared with adults; how children of different ages contribute to asymptomatic community transmission of the virus; and the pathophysiology of and most appropriate investigation and treatment strategies for the novel hyperinflammatory syndrome. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027281 | Social distancing measures (e.g., avoiding travel, limiting physical contact with people outside of one’s household, and maintaining a 1 or 2-metre distance between self and others when in public, depending on the country) are the primary strategies used to prevent transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 virus that causes COVID-19. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027347 | Factors associated with transmission included the high proportion of people in informal work. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027354 | Most Brazilian state and municipal governments have used social distancing as the primary strategy for reducing the transmission speed of the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027433 | To analyze the association between the transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 and the decisions made by the municipal government of Florianópolis (Brazil) regarding social distancing. | 2020-10-07 |
| 33027870 | Transmission mechanics of infectious pathogen in various environments are of great complexity and has always been attracting many researchers’ attention. […] Besides, with the development of computer science, an increasing number of researchers start to analyze pathogen transmission by using CFD methods. […] Inspired by the impact of COVID-19, this review summarizes research works of pathogen transmission based on CFD methods with different models and algorithms. […] A series of investigations which analyzed pathogen transmission in different environments (hospital, teaching building, etc) demonstrated the effect of airflow on pathogen transmission and emphasized the importance of reasonable ventilation. […] Although CFD methods mentioned in this review may not alleviate the current pandemic situation, it helps researchers realize the transmission mechanisms of pathogens like viruses and bacteria and provides guidelines for reducing infection risk in epidemic or pandemic situations. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028154 | Recent SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and transmission studies in cats show that the virus can replicate in these companion animals and transmit to other cats. […] Here, we present an in-depth study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease and transmission dynamics in domestic cats. […] The results of this study are critical for understanding the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 in a naturally susceptible host species, and for risk assessment of the maintenance of SARS-CoV-2 in felines and transmission to other animals and humans. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028181 | The continued decrease in new cases observed this fortnight in Victoria was the result of the public health interventions to minimise transmission. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028283 | The young population structure and contact matrix in Samoa results in the most transmission occurring in young people < 20 years old. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028356 | While the role of fomite transmission is not yet fully understood, precise data on the environmental stability of SARS-CoV-2 is required to determine the risks of fomite transmission from contaminated surfaces. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028400 | Health workers (HWs) are at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and a possible source of nosocomial transmission clusters. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028426 | The transmission of such pathogens to humans may lead to self-sustaining chains of transmission. […] For their prevention, the transmission over the species barrier - although rare - should, by all means, be avoided. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028689 | Persons with asymptomatic disease exhibit viral shedding, resulting in transmission, which presents disease control challenges. […] Since asymptomatic patients may be a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, public health interventions and a broader range of testing may be necessary for the control of COVID-19. […] IMPORTANCE Asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential problem for pandemic control through public health strategies. […] Since asymptomatic patients have no clinical symptoms which can easily prevent timely diagnosis and treatment, they may cause a greater risk of virus transmission than symptomatic patients, which poses a major challenge to infection control. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33028699 | Lockdown measures have been introduced worldwide to contain the transmission of COVID-19. […] While lockdown measures may have helped inhibit community transmission, the pattern and nature of the epidemic remains unclear. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33029315 | An online survey was administered to 917 Chinese adults on 28 January 2020 (1 week after the official declaration of person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus). | 2020-10-08 |
| 33029383 | CpG suppression among coronaviruses does not differ between virus genera but does vary with host species and primary replication site (a proxy for tissue tropism), supporting the hypothesis that viral CpG content may influence cross-species transmission. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33029451 | Though the vertical transmission of infection is scarcely found, to get rid of acquiring infection by horizontal transmission one should screen all pregnant women and ensure standard infection control measures and monitoring of newborns at risk of COVID-19. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33029559 | Rapid and cost-efficient whole-genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, is critical for understanding viral transmission dynamics. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33029696 | Mitigations strategies were opted globally by the governments to minimize transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the implementation of social distancing norms, wearing the facemasks, and spreading awareness using digital platforms. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33029755 | Our objective is to prevent and mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at an institutional level, while reducing the risk of infection among both physicians and patients in the context of a critical scenario in the local and Latin American healthcare system. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33030104 | While each venue should be assessed individually for development and implementation of reopening plans, the general guidance presented in this document can serve as a minimum baseline for considerations to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission in these venues. […] The implementation of these multifaceted approaches in each area of concern, along with the integration of regulations and requirements from local, state, and federal government bodies and agencies, will reduce the risk of a single point of failure and offer some protection to those at arenas and stadiums from COVID-19 transmission. […] The approaches outlined are dynamic and should be regularly reviewed and revised as new information becomes available regarding the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33030322 | Since there is no adequate treatment for COVID-19, prevention of the transmission of SARS-CoV2 is the best way to cope with the pandemic. […] National guidelines for non-pharmaceutical interventions focus mainly on the interference with viral transmission via droplets and surface by hygiene measures, limitation of human contact, and social distancing. […] There is growing evidence that a third route of transmission by aerosols - exhaled tiny particles with viable infectious virus that remain airborne for hours - may be relevant. […] This route may even be the predominant way of viral transmission in the case of so-called superspreading events. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33030513 | Evidence-guided behavioural measures against transmission of COVID-19 in global at-risk communities were identified, including regular handwashing, wearing face masks and avoiding crowds and gatherings. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33030740 | The aim of the study is to summarize current reports on the course of COVID-19 disease in a group of pregnant women and the possible impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the foetus and vertical transmission, taking into account changes occurring in the woman’s immune system during pregnancy. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33030985 | The advent of social distancing as essential for decreasing viral transmission has made it challenging to provide medical care. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031049 | We found a growing trend of publications on clinical manifestations, and protective measures, and a decrease in research on disease transmission, epidemiology, healthcare response, and radiology. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031079 | Because the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the influenza virus have similar transmission mechanisms, we aimed to evaluate the impact of physical distancing on the incidence of influenza as a proxy of the impact on SARS-CoV-2 contagion. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031080 | Caused by SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19 is characterized by high transmission rate that correlates with high viral load. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031084 | Current studies suggest that tears and conjunctival secretions may be an important transmission route in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] The possibility of transmission via tears and conjunctival secretions should be recognized even in the absence of conjunctivitis or other ocular manifestations. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031086 | Different social isolation strategies have been adopted to reduce community transmission, but few studies have evaluated the pattern of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection in a family cluster during periods of isolation. […] This study highlights a high risk of intrahousehold transmission from an index case, suggesting the need for (I) specific guidelines during periods of social distancing, (II) minimization of external exposures and, above all, (III) adoption of strict quarantine measures for suspected cases and family members to prevent outbreaks from spreading. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031087 | Particular attention should be given to Cabo Delgado, including its isolation from other provinces, to overcome local transmission and the spread of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031088 | The existing knowledge is insufficient to explain some infection events of SARS-CoV-2, and new ideas about the transmission modes may be needed. […] The present study proposes that the RNAs of this virus might be infectious and that the transmission of these RNAs might be one route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031141 | We studied in-family transmission. […] Transmission from a household member accounted for 132 of 178 (74.2%) children for whom the source of infection was identified. […] Child-to-adult transmission was found in one occasion only. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031360 | Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) transmission is ongoing only in Afghanistan and Pakistan (1). […] During January-July 2020, 41 WPV1 cases were reported as of August 29, 2020 (compared with 15 during January-July 2019); in addition, 69 cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), and one case of ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (aVDPV2) (isolates with no evidence of person-to-person transmission or from persons with no known immunodeficiency) were detected. […] Dialogue with insurgency leaders through nongovernmental and international organizations is ongoing in an effort to recommence house-to-house campaigns, which are essential to stopping WPV1 transmission in Afghanistan. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031363 | Washing hands often, especially during times when one is likely to acquire and spread pathogens,* is one important measure to help prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as other pathogens spread by respiratory or fecal-oral transmission (1,2). | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031366 | Mitigating the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), requires individual, community, and state public health actions to prevent person-to-person transmission. […] Widespread implementation and enforcement of sustained community mitigation measures informed by state and local officials’ continual data monitoring and collaboration can help prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the numbers of COVID-19 cases. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031427 | Current SARS-CoV-2 containment measures rely on controlling viral transmission. […] Effective prioritization can be determined by understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. […] We also examined whether household transmission differed by symptom status of index case, adult and children, and relationship to index case. […] While aggressive contact tracing strategies may be appropriate early in an outbreak, as it progresses, measures should transition to account for setting-specific transmission risk. […] Quarantine may need to cover entire communities while tracing shifts to identifying transmission hotspots and vulnerable populations. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031476 | In this paper, we argue that personality traits need to be considered to understand and encourage more effective public compliance with COVID 19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. […] Using a sample of 8,548 individuals from Japan, we show that certain personality traits are related to the tendency to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031477 | Aerosols containing microbes were produced by NCT air-puff in the ophthalmic consultation room, which may be a possible virus transmission route in the department of ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] This will give guidance for the prevention of virus transmission and protection of hospital staff and patients. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031556 | Published evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 transmission on aircraft is limited, but in-flight transmission of respiratory infections such as tuberculosis, influenza and SARS has been well described. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031569 | This study used a national administrative database to estimate perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and associated mortality, relative to nosocomial transmission rates. […] The impact of nosocomial transmission was greatest after major emergency surgery, whereas laparoscopic surgery may be protective owing to reduced duration of hospital stay. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031623 | This article provides an overview of the structure, virology, symptoms, life cycle, and routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031729 | On the basis of the limited data in the literature, we cannot see intrauterine transmission from infected mother to baby. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031863 | This work demonstrates that maintaining this level of attention regarding control activities related to prevention of microorganism transmission significantly reduce HA-CDI and related expenses in terms of health costs and human lives. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031898 | Because, SARS-CoV-2 is new, its transmission route has not been fully understood. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33031963 | A case of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission has been clearly identified. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33032174 | Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease of the respiratory tract and it shares many similarities with COVID-19 including transmission and clinical features. | 2020-10-08 |
| 33032575 | Transmission during the incubation period and asymptomatic infections have been noted. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33032593 | Among several potential transmission sources in the spreading of the COVID-19, dental services have received a high volume of attention. […] While the currently available evidence has not demonstrated a clear and direct relationship between dental treatment or surgery and the possibility of the transmission of COVID-19, there is clearly the potential for transmission. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33032601 | After experiencing a sharp growth in COVID-19 cases early in the pandemic, South Korea rapidly controlled transmission while implementing less stringent national social distancing measures than countries in Europe and the USA. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33032683 | Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), already a major public health crisis, will likely be significantly affected by this pandemic. […] We address some of the potential implications for STDs in the setting of widespread COVID-19, discussing the sexual transmission of COVID-19 itself, STD co-infection with COVID-19, and changes in STD prevalence secondary to COVID-19. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33032909 | Reopening fertility care services across the world in the midst of a pandemic brings with it numerous concerns that need immediate addressing, such as the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the male and female reproductive cells and the plausible risk of cross-contamination and transmission. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33032921 | To assess potential nosocomial coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) transmission in patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic procedures during the pandemic. […] The rate of nosocomial COVID-19 transmission was extremely low despite the fact that we only used RT-PCR testing in symptomatic patients during the preoperative work-up. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33033033 | COVID-19 infections in Qatar started in two distinct clusters, but then became more widespread in the population through community transmission. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33033170 | In this review, we have discussed the pathobiology of COVID-19 in the lungs and brain and the role of ACE2 in the transmission and pathobiology of this disease. […] Further, we have shown possible interactions between nicotine/smoking and ACE2 in the lungs and brain which could aggravate the transmission and pathobiology of COVID-19 resulting in a poor disease outcome. […] It adds to the time-sensitive and critically important growing knowledge about the risk factors, transmission, pathobiology, and prognosis of COVID-19. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33033249 | Continued measures are warranted to assure healthcare workers safety and reduce transmission from healthcare workers to patients and to the community. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034039 | Proactive and coordinated steps are needed between NH medical directors and administrators, referral hospitals and their laboratories, and local public health officials to rapidly respond to an outbreak and limit the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034084 | Recently, there were reports of cats and ferrets, dogs, minks, golden hamster, rhesus monkeys, tigers, and lions testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA which indicated for the possible interspecies viral transmission. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034151 | Whether ongoing zoonotic infections are possible in addition to efficient human-to-human transmission remains unclear. […] In contrast, human-to-animal transmission can occur based on evidence provided from natural and experimental settings. […] Epidemiologic evidence supported by genomic sequencing corroborated mink-to-human transmission events in farm settings. […] Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between experimentally infected cats additionally substantiates the possibility of cat-to-human transmission. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034281 | BackgroundThe natural history of disease in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remained obscure during the early pandemic.AimOur objective was to estimate epidemiological parameters of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and assess the relative infectivity of the incubation period.MethodsWe estimated the distributions of four epidemiological parameters of SARS-CoV-2 transmission using a large database of COVID-19 cases and potential transmission pairs of cases, and assessed their heterogeneity by demographics, epidemic phase and geographical region. […] Peak infectivity occurred 1 day before symptom onset on average, and the incubation period accounted for 70% of transmission.ConclusionThe high infectivity during the incubation period led to short generation and serial intervals, necessitating aggressive control measures such as early case finding and quarantine of close contacts. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034443 | Transmission via contaminated surfaces has been recognized as an important route for spreading SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034718 | Thus, this indicates that the increase in temperature and dew point cannot weaken the transmission of this virus. […] Also, our results will enrich the ongoing discussion on the role of environmental factors on the transmission of COVID-19 and will help to take necessary steps for its control. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33034888 | The scale and nature of the current pandemic, limitations on key resources, risks of transmission, and the impact on trainee wellbeing pose additional challenges to AMCs. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035193 | At this time, there remain significant evidence gaps to allow for comprehensive counseling of pregnant women and their families, specifically regarding the risks of gestational-age specific maternal outcomes and potential risks of intrauterine or peripartum viral transmission to the fetus or newborn. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035211 | We provided evidence of potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through contamination of environmental surfaces. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035300 | Hospitals must adopt a strict policy to prevent virus transmission by discharged patients. […] Care homes situated within high-rise residential towers are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission; their residents can more easily be infected by asymptomatic carriers from the community. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035448 | We report the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across different settings in Brunei. […] Our analyses highlight that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 varies depending on environmental, behavioral, and host factors. […] We propose differentiated testing strategies to account for differing transmission risk. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035474 | MERS-CoV could therefore adapt to human transmission in Africa rather than the Arabian Peninsula, where attention is currently focused. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035601 | To determine the percentage of positivity of close contacts of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients to depict the importance of asymptomatic infections in the patient-to-patient transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035643 | The person-to-person transmission of this virus is ongoing despite drastic public health mitigation measures such as social distancing and movement restrictions implemented in most countries. […] Understanding the source of such an infectious pathogen is crucial to develop a means of avoiding transmission and further to develop therapeutic drugs and vaccines. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035674 | The high proportion of secondary cases detected via contact tracing (88%) might reduce the R0 to under one and minimize the impact of local transmission in the community. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33035991 | Nevertheless, the frequency and relevance of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 in patients with cancer remain unknown. […] Our study demonstrates a high rate of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19, associated with increased mortality in both univariate and multivariate analysis in the cancer population, reinforcing the importance of treating patients with cancer in COVID-free units. | 2020-10-09 |
| 33036176 | Gaps were also found in areas such as the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in bathing waters and the sand, the potential of contaminated sand being a viable route of transmission, and the impact of the use of chemical disinfectants on the marine environment and on bathers. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33036548 | Due to the lack of specific and effective antiviral drugs, transmission of the disease increases exponentially and makes it more serious and harder to control. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33037070 | Heterogeneity across micro-epidemics among specific populations and settings may reflect underlying heterogeneity in transmission risks, necessitating setting-specific COVID-19 prevention and mitigation strategies. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33037151 | We established an infection model in Syrian hamsters to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules on both infection and transmission. […] Moreover, a high dose of favipiravir decreased virus transmission by direct contact, whereas hydroxychloroquine failed as prophylaxis. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33037213 | Our reconstructions reinforce specific transmission hypotheses suggested by the inclusion of travel history data, but also suggest alternative routes of virus migration that are plausible within the epidemiological context but are not apparent with current sampling efforts. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33037564 | Recent interest in SARS-CoV-2 has focused on transmission, symptoms, structure, and its structural proteins that exhibit promising therapeutics targets for rapid identification of potential inhibitors. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33037960 | So far, China has successfully controlled transmission of COVID-19 through implementing stringent preventive measures. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33038046 | Surgical and respirator masks are worn to reduce the risk of droplet and airborne transmission of viral respiratory disease. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33038241 | From previous studies, we know that infected staff can often be the source of transmission of infection to the children. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33038555 | To examine the spatiotemporal changes in the transmission potential, we present regional estimates of the doubling time and reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 in the country. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33038729 | This study aims to explore the relationship between ambient NO2 levels and the transmission ability (basic reproductive number, R0) of COVID-19 in 63 Chinese cities. […] Since the association between ambient NO2 and R0 indicated NO2 may increase underlying risk of infection in the transmission process of COVID-19. | 2020-10-10 |
| 33038974 | In hospitals, these delays lead to poor patient flow and nosocomial transmission. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33039097 | In particular, the prolonged exposure and manipulation of the nasal and oral cavities portend a high risk of viral transmission. […] We discuss evidence-based recommendations to mitigate the risk of viral transmission through novel techniques and device implementation as well as increasing conservative management of certain pathologies. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33039225 | Introducing a new, simple and inexpensive portable equipment for lifeguards, consisting of a pre-assembled full-size plastic blanket with a mask and HEPA filter, which could offer significant time-saving advantages to reduce COVID-19 risk transmission in the first few minutes of CPR after water rescue, avoiding the negative impact of delayed ventilation. […] Plastic blanket plus basic ventilations equipment resource could be a new alternative to be considered for lifeguards to keep ventilation on use while reducing risk transmission. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33039614 | We expanded a previously established agent-based disease transmission model and parameterized it with estimates of COVID-19 characteristics and US population demographics. […] Mask-wearing, even with the use of non-medical masks with only 20% efficacy in preventing disease transmission, has a substantial impact on outbreak control. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33039873 | Roles of environmental factors in transmission of COVID-19 have been highlighted. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33039922 | The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and urine of the infected person, even after viral clearance in the respiratory tract, and its presence in untreated wastewater raises the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in future. […] In this review, the available data on wastewater treatment, sanitation status and healthcare infrastructure from middle- and low-income countries is collected and correlated with the risk associated with the fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33040381 | Controversies exist regarding the management of low risk patients undergoing procedures at high risk of aerosol generation, and recommendations for these patients will change depending on the regional prevalence, risk of community transmission and the potential for asymptomatic patients attending for these procedures. | 2020-10-11 |
| 33040753 | Care of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in healthcare institutions is challenging because of potential risk of transmission to other vulnerable patients. […] We describe infection control measures which were associated with no instances of hospital transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33040767 | In this context, COVID-19 found in Brazil a fertile ground for its dissemination and community transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041111 | There is a pressing need for COVID-19 transmission control and effective treatments. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041141 | The changes in these guidelines emphasize early placement of an advanced airway to limit nosocomial viral transmission and encourage healthcare providers to determine the effectiveness of their efforts prior to placing staff at risk for exposure. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041213 | Enhanced testing has been put forward as a means to reduce transmission while awaiting the development of targeted therapy or effective vaccination. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041496 | I develop a behavioral dynamic epidemic model for multifaceted policy analysis comprising endogenous virus transmission (from severe or mild/asymptomatic cases), social contacts, and case testing and reporting. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041646 | The prevention and protection measures should be adopted aiming at to reduce the further transmission of disease in the city. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041712 | Transmission in the pediatric population appears to be primarily from COVID-19-positive adults, largely from family contacts through droplets, direct contacts, and aerosols. […] There is also evidence of fecal-oral route of transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041928 | Starting from April 1st, 2020, the nationwide partial lockdown in Vietnam has shown the effectiveness in stopping the community transmission of COVID-19, however, it also produced adverse impacts on the economy and inhabitants’ life. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33041963 | To control viral transmission, social distancing measures have been implemented all over the world, interrupting the access to routine medical care for many individuals with neurological diseases. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042101 | In this article, we discuss the ways that past and present human viruses have emerged via zoonotic transmission, the mechanisms that they have acquired the ability for effective transmission among humans, the process to sustain a chain of transmission to coexist with humans, and the factors important for complete containment leading to eradication of viruses. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042151 | This strengthens the notion of productive SARS-CoV-2 transmission between felines and humans and that classical animal models are not optimally suited for evaluating therapeutic antibodies. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042201 | For this purpose, we first introduce its continuous variant with time-varying transmission and recovery rates and, as our first contribution, discuss thoroughly its properties. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042302 | Particularly, it is important during a crisis to ensure appropriate information transmission and prevention of false-rumor diffusion. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042494 | However, it is spreading efficiently, and it can be explained from its stealth transmission from presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. […] Recent studies indicate viral particles can be isolated from many body fluids including feces, saliva, semen, and tears, suggesting transmission could be possibly occurring through some of these routes as well. […] We have done an evidence-based review of all potential modes of transmission and discussed preventive measures to stop the spread. […] There is an urgent need for educating the healthcare professionals, governments, and public regarding other potential modes of transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042554 | •Airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 emphasizes the importance of using face masks in public, crowded and closed places as the most important preventive measure.•household contact tracing of index COVID-19 cases can be applied as important part of COVID-19 control programs. […] •Vertical transmission of SARS-COV-2 seems possible, but the risk is very low.•in theory, SARS-COV-2 may transmit through oral-anal intercourse, it is unlikely that this route will be a significant mean of transmission.•similarity of SARS-COV-2 with SARS, supports the hypothesis of non-transmission through blood. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042695 | Background The community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) was detected in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in March 2020. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042702 | The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) is a novel coronavirus that is believed to be mainly transmitted via droplet and contact transmission. […] While research is focusing on epidemiology, transmission, vaccine development, and therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is a possibility of disease relapse. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042899 | The knowledge subscales showed that 1496 (98.9%) participants knew the system targeted by the virus, 96.2% and 97.3% knew the causative agent and symptoms, 783 (52.2%) participants knew the transmission modes, and 696 (46.0%) participants knew about the complications. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042941 | Objective: Focusing on these aspects, this manuscript reviews public awareness about COVID-19, myths surrounding it, its symptoms, treatment, transmission, importance of information sources, types of information to be considered in awareness campaigns, promotional channels, and their implications in Saudi Arabia. […] Results: Awareness levels of the participants related to COVID-19, its means of transmission, preventive measures, symptoms, and treatment were identified to be moderate to high (60-80%). | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042944 | The study concludes that the non-clinical staff, being a vital part of the healthcare framework, need to be educated and effective approaches for official inclusion of relevant information need to be incorporated into clinical practice to limit the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042948 | On 9 March 2020, Italy passed the Prime Minister’s Decree n. 648, establishing urgent measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards, including very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042950 | Background: During the height of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there was an unprecedented demand for “virtual visits,” or ambulatory visits conducted via video interface, in order to decrease the risk of transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042951 | The identification of the first cluster of SARS-CoV-2 community transmission in the secondary school where the patient of this case report taught, led to the closure of the school and, a day after, the shutdown of the national education system, which may have prevented the spread and slowed the transmission rate of COVID-19 during the early stages of invasion. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042952 | The outbreak was able to be controlled in China by mid-April through the implementation of critical measures; however, significant reverse transmission has resulted in hot spots perturbing prevention and control. […] The emergency response level to COVID-19 were able to be decreased from high to low, despite some relatively minor reverse transmission cases from other countries in March 2020. […] The current strategy from the Chinese authorities is aimed at preventing reverse transmission via international importation to avert a rebound of COVID-19 in China. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33042956 | Dry and cold conditions during winter are the major drivers for increased respiratory tract infections as they increase virus stability and transmission and weaken the host immune system. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043030 | The urgency for an effective therapy is justified by the easy and fast viral transmission and the high number of patients with severe respiratory distress syndrome who have increasingly occupied intensive care hospital beds, leading to a collapse in health systems in several countries. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043162 | Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are widespread vector mosquitoes responsible for the transmission of various disease-causing viruses to human including dengue virus (DENV). […] The high indices show that the vector is increasing and this may result in higher dengue virus transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043292 | Here we review research investigating the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses on surfaces, and highlight opportunities for materials that can actively reduce SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination and associated transmission and improve PPE. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043698 | COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2, capable of high human transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043852 | Several contributing factors will have led to nosocomial transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043874 | The advantage of a short quarantine period is assumed to be reinstatement of productivity while the disadvantage is the likely risk of further transmission of the virus. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33043972 | However, sewage transmission has never been shown. […] We investigated this outbreak to identify the mode of transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33044091 | After confirming the first case, the Ethiopian government has been working a lot to prevent transmission. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33044323 | Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in San Francisco on March 5, 2020. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33044493 | Limited data on vertical and perinatal transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and health outcomes of neonates born to mothers with symptomatic or asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are available. […] No clinical evidence of vertical transmission was identified in 101 newborns of mothers positive for or with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, despite most newborns rooming-in and direct breastfeeding practices. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33045075 | Although much of the public health effort to combat COVID-19 has focused on disease control strategies in public settings, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households remains an important problem. […] The nature and determinants of household transmission are poorly understood. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33045425 | Epidemiological investigation reports were used to reconstruct chains of transmission as well as assess the net contribution of local infections relative to imported cases, infected travelers arriving from abroad. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33045428 | However, household transmission is still not controlled, particularly for the infection of imported cases to elderly women. | 2020-10-12 |
| 33045723 | Using a previously-calibrated dynamic HIV transmission model, we constructed three sets of scenarios for each city: (1) sustained current levels of HIV-related treatment and prevention services (status quo); (2) temporary disruptions in health services and changes in sexual and injection risk behaviours at discrete levels between 0%-50%; and (3) linked HIV and SARS-CoV-2 testing offered to 10%-90% of the adult population in addition to scenario (2). | 2020-10-12 |
| 33045803 | As respiratory infections can threaten the members of the global community at any time, investigations on preventing the transmission of these diseases as well as development of effective antivirals and vaccines are of utmost importance and require a worldwide effort. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046011 | The role of presymptomatic people in transmission has been shown to be important and the early detection of these people is critical for the control of new outbreaks. […] Our proposal for Care Homes, once prevalence zero is achieved, would include successive rounds of testing using a pooling solution for transmission control preserving testing resources. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046288 | While providing respiratory support for these patients, proper infection control measures, including adherence to personal protective equipment policies, are necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046317 | SARS - CoV - 2 disease is caused by a new coronavirus that has its main route of transmission through respiratory droplets and close contact, resulting in a sudden onset of the clinical syndrome with acute respiratory infection (SARI) and severe respiratory distress (ARDS). | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046529 | Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a better understanding of the virus’s origin, transmission, and evolution (1-6). | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046695 | Finally, in the three documented cases of vertical transmission, SARS-CoV-2 infection was accompanied by a strong inflammatory response. […] Together, these data support the hypothesis that in utero SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission, while low, is possible. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046737 | We then carry out a scenario analysis to model the transition to a post-lockdown phase and analyze the economic outcomes derived from the interplay between (a) the timing and intensity of the release of mobility restrictions and (b) the corresponding scenarios on the severity of virus transmission rates. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046802 | Influenza studies have shown that influenza viruses survive longer on surfaces or in droplets in cold and dry air, thus increasing the likelihood of subsequent transmission. […] A similar hypothesis has been postulated for the transmission of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33046960 | Results here suggest that high concentrations of air pollutants, associated with low wind speeds, may promote a longer permanence of the viral particles in the air, thus favouring an indirect means of diffusion of viral infectivity of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), in addition to the direct diffusion with human-to-human transmission dynamics. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33047062 | Belonging to the betacoronavirus family, it primarily spreads through human contact via symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33047077 | Thus, assessing the asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19, especially in healthcare workers (HCWs), is crucial for evaluating the efficiency of the current preventive measures. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33047327 | Aerosol-generating procedures such as tracheal intubation and extubation pose a potential risk to healthcare workers because of the possibility of airborne transmission of infection. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33047356 | From a total of 32 European countries, one leading academic expert in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery or Oral Surgery per country was asked to participate in an anonymous online 10-item survey on COVID-19 covering the topics of safety of dental settings, personal protective equipment (PPE), and patient-related measures to reduce transmission risk. […] The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in dental settings for aerosol generating procedures was considered high by all experts except two. […] To reduce transmission risk, all experts recommended limiting aerosol-generating procedures and reducing the number of patients in waiting areas as well as hand hygiene for the patients. […] The limitation of aerosol-generating procedures along with the usage of adequate personal protection equipment was considered to be crucial to protect dental health care providers and patients, thus reducing the transmission risk of COVID-19. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33047816 | We found no studies that evaluated disease transmission via aerosols in a dental setting; and no evidence about viral contamination in aerosols. […] Studies are needed that measure contamination in aerosols, size distribution of aerosols and infection transmission risk for respiratory diseases such as COVID-19 in dental patients and staff. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33047883 | The differences in HLA genotypes may potentially alter the course of the disease and its transmission. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33048448 | This method will allow the production of mutant rSARS-CoV-2-which is necessary for understanding the function of viral proteins, viral pathogenesis and/or transmission, and interactions at the virus-host interface-and attenuated SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate the discovery of effective countermeasures to control the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33048633 | To prevent person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus and avoid associated morbidity and mortality, several public health measures have been introduced by various health organizations and authorities, such as social distancing policies and quarantine. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33048826 | Background: Timely and effective contact tracing is an essential public health role to curb the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33048841 | The frequent testing of non-symptomatic infectiousness will (i) significantly improve the predictability of the pandemic, (ii) allow informed and optimized decisions on how to modify restrictive measures, with shorter delay times than the present ones, and (iii) enable the real-time assessment of the efficiency of new means to reduce transmission rates. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33048980 | These precautions rely on two fundamental principles of transmission prevention: particle filtration and droplet containment. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33049331 | Both contact tracing studies, when close contacts were first exposed greater than 5 days after symptom onset in the index case, found no evidence of laboratory-confirmed onward transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33049387 | These have implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, pathogenesis and immune interventions. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33049695 | Increased transmission and poorer outcomes noted in emerging data on cancer patients with COVID-19 calls for aggressive isolation and minimization of nosocomial exposure. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33049758 | The use of a TWP adds several unstudied modes of transmission to a complex and common biobehavioural and environmental pathogen exposure. […] Future TWP cessation activities should be tailored to consider risks of infectious disease transmission. | 2020-10-13 |
| 33050053 | Its transmission was outlined across 20 countries/territories as per genomic similarity. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33050264 | We conclude that viral RNA sequences found in sewage closely resemble those from clinical samples and that environmental surveillance can be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 transmission, tracing virus variants and detecting virus importations. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33050511 | The conventional idea of herd immunity is based on efficient transmission of pathogens and developing natural immunity within a population. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33050885 | Only one anesthesiologist across Israel was diagnosed with COVID-19 (unknown source of transmission). | 2020-10-14 |
| 33050892 | Some patients who had been quarantined and had subsequently recovered from COVID-19 had recurrent positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2, and the possibility of transmission of the virus by recovered patients needs further investigation. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33050951 | However, African countries have fewer means to suppress transmission and manage cases. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051285 | COVID-19’s global presence and social transmission pathways require social and community responses. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051368 | In the present study, we describe the first cases of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in tigers and lions in the United States and provide epidemiological and genetic evidence for human-to-animal transmission of the virus. […] Our data show that tigers and lions were infected with different genotypes of SARS-CoV-2, indicating two independent transmission events to the animals. […] A better understanding of the susceptibility of animal species to SARS-CoV-2 may help to elucidate transmission mechanisms and identify potential reservoirs and sources of infection that are important in both animal and human health. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051387 | The prevention of in-hospital transmission, especially from severe cases, would be the key to achieve this. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051397 | Setting viral filters is useful for preventing virus transmission and keeping the inside of the NPPV machine clean. […] Furthermore, it should be paid attention to the potential transmission from asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. […] During the current pandemic, it is necessary to minimize the risk of transmission among patients using NPPV. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051398 | An outbreak in convalescent rehabilitation hospitals and geriatric facilities treating individuals with dementia resulted in a large number of deaths due to viral transmission through close contact in the first wave, leading to increased concerns regarding the same in the second wave. […] Because it is difficult to eradicate COVID-19, prevention and control of transmission is of utmost importance. […] In this article, we will discuss the course of the disease in facilities requiring close contact with patients, response of these facilities to infection and prevention of transmission, and an outline regarding the role of medical professionals in future social interactions. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051827 | Antivirals have demonstrated efficacy in treating other infectious diseases in early stages of disease, reducing morbidity, mortality, and the likelihood of onward transmission. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33051841 | Entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is expressed in nasal epithelial cells, and nasal delivery pathway can be a key feature of transmission. […] After drying, PM can serve as a carrier for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 immobilized at their surface. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052188 | Face masks are primary line of defense to reduce the transmission risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] Further, it allows colonization of several pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungal filaments, and spores) and might serve as carriers of disease transmission finally affecting the living organisms habituating these ecosystems. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052194 | We found a profound effect of meteorological factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052312 | Here, we evaluated the applicability of public database annotations to estimate the virulence, transmission trends and origins of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052566 | Third, the correlation between humidity and the total COVID-19 cases was negative, which implies that the increase in humidity is beneficial to stop the transmission of COVID-19 in Pakistan, its provinces, and administrative units. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052817 | Based on the current data available on transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, we have proposed a protocolized approach to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests to limit risk of transmission. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052818 | The main goal of the CEdRIC process is to give patients self-management strategies aimed at preventing complications and disease transmission. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052822 | Hematogenous spread to the nervous system has been described, with viral transmission along neuronal synapses in a retrograde fashion. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052872 | Understanding the infectivity and transmission dynamics of the virus is essential to determine how best to reduce mortality while ensuring minimal social restrictions on the lives of the general population. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052873 | We calculated various transmission constants based on the Diamond Princess cruise ship data, used a logistic model to calculate new infections, and developed a Markov model based on the average incubation period for COVID-19. , weekly and biweekly COVID-19 testing for health care workers would result in an approximately 1% and 0.5%-0.8% reduction in infections, respectively. […] Periodic COVID-19 testing for emergency department staff in regions that are heavily affected by COVID-19 or are facing resource constraints may significantly reduce COVID-19 transmission among health care workers and previously uninfected patients. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052896 | Some experts report that the virus may have reduced toxicity during transmission, but others say that toxicity does not change during transmission. […] From the chest CT studies and clinical characteristics, we postulate that the virulence did not decrease during human-to-human transmission. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052958 | On March 15, 2020 Puerto Rico implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including a mandatory curfew, as part of a state of emergency declaration to prevent the community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33052962 | Wearing face masks is highly recommended to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in health care workers and for the general public. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33053023 | The main characteristics of the virus are rapid transmission, high contagion capacity and potential severity. | 2020-10-14 |
| 33054265 | The COVID-19 global pandemic forced healthcare facilities to put special isolation measures in place to limit nosocomial transmission. […] We are positive that the preparation and reorganization of the emergency centre will limit nosocomial transmission during the expected COVID-19 surge. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33054313 | Therefore, extreme hygiene and a sonographer equipped with the appropriate personal protection (mask, cap, gown, gloves, shoe covers and goggles, with a facial screen and high-efficacy mask for confirmed or highly suspect cases) are of the utmost importance to prevent viral transmission. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33054486 | As the transmission of the virus is rapid, to protect the global population, the development of an effective vaccine against the virus is very essential. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33055189 | To deny the SARS-CoV-2 virus easy options for sustained transmission, commanders should model adherence to, and ensure implementation of, social mitigation measures. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33055228 | Background transmission rates were controlled statistically, and other demographic, programmatic, and community variables were explored as potential confounders. […] Within the context of considerable infection mitigation efforts in US child care programs, exposure to child care during the early months of the US pandemic was not associated with an elevated risk for COVID-19 transmission to providers. […] These findings must be interpreted only within the context of background transmission rates and the considerable infection mitigation efforts implemented in child care programs. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33055326 | Introduction: Current information suggests the existence of two main transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2. […] This is the drip trajectory and contact transmission. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33056949 | Understanding whether increasing incidence in hotspot counties is predominantly occurring in specific age groups is important for identifying opportunities to prevent or reduce transmission. […] The percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results (percent positivity) is an important indicator of community transmission. […] Addressing transmission among young adults is an urgent public health priority. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057119 | We have shown that the partial lockdown measures were effective and enough to slow down disease transmission in the Basque Country. […] This framework is now being used to monitor disease transmission while the country lockdown was gradually lifted, with insights to specific programs for a general policy of “social distancing” and home quarantining. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057348 | This framework naturally distinguishes between-host transmission process (inflow and outflow) and within-host infection process (replication) during the entire transmission-infection cycle. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057355 | Since droplet transmission is the main route of transmission, wearing a mask serves as a crucial preventive measure. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057382 | Participants’ practices to prevent transmission of COVID-19 were adequate in more than 60% of participants. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057434 | Malta’s population density, large proportion of elderly and high prevalence of diabetes and obesity put the country at risk of uncontrolled viral transmission and high mortality. […] Data was collected on demographics and mode of transmission. […] There were 447 confirmed cases in total; 19.5% imported, 74.2% related to community transmission and 6.3% nosocomially transmitted. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057438 | The model incorporates important characteristics of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, such as heterogeneous risk factors and asymptomatic transmission, and enables a reliable qualitative comparison of policy choices despite the current uncertainty in key virus and disease parameters. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057590 | The main guidelines on tracheostomy described considerations during management (eg, cuff manipulation, suctioning, valve placement) owing to the increased risk of aerosol generation and transmission during swallowing and communication interventions in this population. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057894 | The objective was to collect the data available regarding the presence of laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in gastrointestinal system and to evaluate whether the digestive system could contribute to viral transmission. […] In order to control the pandemic, every effort should be made to understand all the possible routes of transmission of the infections, even the less important ones. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33057921 | Thus SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential via contaminated plastic packaging and food may be efficiently eliminated by wet-wiping, especially when wipes saturated with specific disinfectants are used. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33058068 | There is evidence to suggest that viral transmission can occur via tears and conjunctival secretions, although it is not a predominant finding. […] This review considers all the published studies describing ocular findings and SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission through the eye. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33058321 | Whilst general recommendations related to prevention of COVID-19 transmission had high levels of agreement and importance, opinion was more varied concerning statements related to therapy. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33058538 | Active cluster investigations can uncover the dynamics of community transmission affecting both residents of congregate settings and their caregivers and help to target efforts toward populations with ongoing challenges in access to detection and control resources. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33058709 | Although COVID-19 is a genuine threat for people with disabilities, they also fear decisions that might limit lifesaving treatment should they contract the virus.During a pandemic, health systems must manage excess demand for treatment, and governments must enact heavy restrictions on their citizens to prevent transmission. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33058936 | This survey investigated the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the clinical practice of endodontics among the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) members by evaluating the impact on clinical activities, patient screening, infection control measurements, potential transmission, clinical protocols, as well as psychological concerns. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33059091 | In this work we aimed to evaluate a possible association between the severity of clinical manifestations and viral load over time during the epidemiological transition from high-to low-transmission settings. […] As the epidemiological context changes from high-to low-transmission settings, people are presumably exposed to a lower viral load which has been previously associated with less severe clinical manifestations. | 2020-10-15 |
| 33059541 | Remote pharmacist interventions have achieved much more attention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, since they reduce the risk of transmission and can potentially increase the access of vulnerable populations, such as patients with COVID-19, to pharmaceutical care. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33059986 | The step-by-step enforced strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, though not perfect, adequately reduced the risk of transmission of the highly contagious infectious disease in the hospital while maintaining the emergency medical system. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33060093 | To compare the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics in relation to interventions against the COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in mainland China. […] We estimated the effective reproduction number to explore differences in transmission dynamics and intervention effects. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33060300 | Accurately estimating human mobility and gauging its relationship with virus transmission is critical for the control of COVID-19 spreading. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33060519 | Coronavirus disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is mainly transmitted through droplets, but other ways of transmission have been hypothesized. […] We report a case of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a preterm born to an infected mother, confirmed by the presence of the virus in the neonatal blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs collected in the first half an hour of life. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33060565 | Here, we aim to clarify the transmission route, clinical features and outcomes of these infections. […] We report that 70% and 30% of infections are due to environmental and vertical transmission, respectively. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33060796 | The genomic variations and phylogenetic analysis hinted at multiple sources and different transmission patterns during the COVID-19 epidemic in Hangzhou, China. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33060875 | In the current epidemic era of COVID-19, health care staff should strongly become aware of SARS-CoV-2 infection as an essential diagnosis to get away misdiagnosis and prevention of transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33061273 | Although the risk of transmission through corneal stromal tissue is low, it potentially exists. […] Moreover, the donors’ clinical and epidemiological medical history must be screened for typical symptoms and potential contact with SARS-CoV-2 carriers to reduce the risk of transmission. […] The Guidelines of the Eye Bank Association of America (EBAA), Global Alliance of Eye Bank Associations (GAEBA) and European Association of Tissue Banks provide useful recommendations to eliminate the risk of transmission according to previous experiences based on similar viruses. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33061481 | Our findings can aid governments as a reference to prepare for and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic both in restricting the transmission of the disease and in lowering the disease-related deaths in the upcoming days. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33061716 | In response to the transmission of COVID-19, China adopted the “national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance”. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33061797 | In this review, according to the published literature, we provided the evidence that asymptomatic infections can result in person-to-person transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33061799 | During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, traditional face-to-face psychological interventions have been suspended due to high risks of rapid transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33061805 | The virus uses different transmission routes and targets cells and tissues with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, which makes it contagious. […] Gaining a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 structure, transmission routes, and molecular responses, will assist in the prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreaks in the future. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062082 | COVID-19 has fast transmission speed and high pathogenicity. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062362 | It has been theorized that children who are asymptomatic or who do not display significant respiratory symptoms are potential vectors for community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062403 | At first, the mode of transmission of infection was animal-to-person, but person-to-person and community transmission of the virus has been confirmed in many parts of the world. […] With the envisaged explosive community transmission of COVID-19 in the coming weeks in places with limited daily testing, especially in African countries, it is recommended among many that social distancing which includes avoiding any form of contact with people; either through greetings, hugging or shaking of hands and large gatherings, avoid contact with animal items, dead or alive animals, sick and dead people from areas experiencing COVID-19 epidemic, and basic hygienic practices like thorough washing of hands with clean water and antiseptic soap for the duration of at least twenty seconds should be practiced always. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062483 | COVID-19 should be suspected in patients presenting with neurological abnormalities and should be included in the differential diagnosis to prevent further virus transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062538 | In this setting, cloth masks may play an important role in limiting disease transmission; however, current literature on the use of cloth masks remains inconclusive. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062646 | We describe and compare the key steps taken in modeling the Sars-CoV-2 outbreak: criteria for model choices, model structure, contact structure between individuals, transmission parameters, data availability, model validation, and disease management. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33062736 | Joint efforts for effective surveillance of COVID-19 require immediate transmission of reliable data. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33063657 | We report a superspreading event of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection initiated at a bar in Vietnam with evidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, based on ministry of health reports, patient interviews, and whole-genome sequence analysis. […] Crowds in enclosed indoor settings with poor ventilation may be considered at high risk for transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33063773 | They found that due to the work environment conditions, if appropriate measures of infection control are not being implemented, dental offices and dental staff can become a dangerous source of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33063854 | The coronavirus pandemic highlighted that workplaces may serve as a hub of disease transmission if proper precautions are not enacted. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33064066 | COVID-19 virus has a high transmission rate and is associated with high fatality rate especially in the older population. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33064288 | Faster transmission rate and genetic modifications have provoked scientists to search for an immediate solution. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33064630 | Many questions related to the exact mode of transmission, animal origins, and antiviral therapeutics are not clear yet. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33064677 | This new coronavirus has a high transmission capacity and elevated lethality in people over 60 years old and in those with risk factors (obesity, diabetes, and systemic arterial hypertension); those characteristics have a different proportion in each country. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33064816 | Patients with ongoing symptoms of COVID-19, long-haulers, could be chronically infected with COVID-19, although they might be incapable of transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33064918 | However, increased risk of COVID-19 transmission should be kept in mind and protective measures against COVID-19 for healthcare providers and patients before the procedure should be taken optimally. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33065023 | We did a descriptive epidemiological study of all laboratory-confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19 and all patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New Zealand from Feb 2 to May 13, 2020, after which time community transmission ceased. […] Demographic features and disease outcomes, transmission patterns (source of infection, outbreaks, household transmission), time-to-event intervals, and testing coverage were described over five phases of the response, capturing different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33065092 | This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, the tale of origin, and transmission of COVID-19 or Sars-Cov2 virus and gives evidence of potential therapeutic agents that can be explored to cast away this pandemic. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33065193 | This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections (HA-COVID-19) during the 2020 epidemic and study factors which may promote or correlate with its incidence and transmission in a Teaching Hospital NHS Trust in London, UK. […] Early diagnosis and isolation of COVID-19 patients would help to reduce transmission. | 2020-10-16 |
| 33065808 | Despite active investigations around the world to better understand the dynamics of transmission and the scope of clinical disease, COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly from person to person. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33066032 | With the current understanding of the disease, we assume it will remain in an active state of transmission and progression among the community for a long time. […] Hence, this article attempts to provide an evidence-based compilation about the mode of transmission and clinical features of COVID-19. […] It also throws light on the potential source of disease transmission in the dental radiology setting. […] In addition, it suggests preventive measures to curb the infection and infrastructural model of the clinical setting that will assist in achieving control over the disease transmission. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33066755 | Instead of focusing on the much fewer super spreading events, we also need to focus on almost every case to effectively reduce transmission. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33066803 | The large number of patients that accrued in our hospital may have increased the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33067299 | The appropriateness of this is unknown given the uncertainty over the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] UK Government PPE guidelines are underpinned by the assumption of droplet transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33068093 | They were convinced that lockdown lowered transmission of infection which in turn affected lifestyle behaviour and practices. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33068142 | Some have reported increased viral transmission to healthcare workers during aerosol-generating procedures such as intubation. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33068387 | Objectives To assess perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical transmission. […] Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to child was found to be unlikely. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33068865 | Sharing structural and behavioral similarities with its ancestors [SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)], SARS-CoV-2 has lower fatality but faster transmission. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33069048 | Its main transmission pathway is through large respiratory droplets, as well as direct and indirect contact. […] Copper seems to be an effective and low-cost complementary strategy to help reduce the transmission of several infectious diseases by limiting nosocomial infectious transmission. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33069171 | There was no vertical transmission to the neonates. | 2020-10-17 |
| 33069493 | When that vaccine arrives, the governments will have to implement vaccination programs to achieve the necessary immunization levels to prevent the disease transmission. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33069661 | Due to the relatively closed environment of dental clinics and the unique nature of dental procedures, both dental personnel and patients are easy to get infection through currently known respiratory droplet transmission, aerosol transmission, close contact transmission and other ways, inducing mutual cross-infection. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33069704 | Therefore, the high risk of transmission is evident with an increasing number of affected people. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33070000 | This strategy offers a practical means to reduce school density and the number of interactions between students which are needed to reduce the potential transmission of COVID-19 in schools, while improving adolescents sleep health. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33070480 | The authors determined the adequate measures needed to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 by nitrous-oxide (N2O) system during inhalation sedation in dentistry and provided evidence on mask and tubing sterilization. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33070500 | We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33070501 | For instance, issues have emerged regarding the responsiveness of African countries in closing international borders to limit trans-continental transmission of the virus. | 2020-10-18 |
| 33070775 | Our data provide little evidence for maternal-fetal vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33070960 | This emerging virus presents particular hazards to researchers and laboratory staff in a clinical setting, highlighted by rapid and widespread global transmission. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071007 | Understanding the risks associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during oral health care delivery and assessing mitigation strategies for dental offices are critical to improving patient safety and access to oral health care. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071033 | During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, infection prevention and control (IP&C) for women in labor and mothers and newborns during delivery and receiving post-partum care was quite challenging for staff, patients, and support persons due to a relative lack of evidence-based practices, high rates of community transmission, and shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071131 | Second, studying the viral transmission of COVID-19 solely on people’s residential neighborhoods is problematic because people are also exposed to nonhome locations and environments en-route along their daily mobility path. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071145 | However, these studies are experimental, and do not support the fact that the virus has efficiently spread in the tropical regions of the globe, with other transmission routes such as the contact and droplet ones probably being responsible for the majority of cases reported in these regions, along with other factors such as human mobility patterns and contact rates. […] Further studies are needed to investigate the extent of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as this would have important implications for public health and infection-control policies. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071303 | In addition to standard social distancing measures and sanitization protocols, we report a simple and innovative technique of ‘barrier casting’ or ‘ring-fencing’ to potentially reduce the risk of droplet infection and airborne transmission during clubfoot casting and tenotomy. […] Innovative techniques, which have the potential to reduce the risk of disease transmission, will help in the rapid recovery of clubfoot treatment services as countries emerge from months of lockdown. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071394 | •Reducing interpersonal interaction can lower perceived viral transmission. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071439 | Most terms and suggestions in these guidelines are consistent with each other, although there are some conflicting details, reflecting the underlying uncertainty surrounding the transmission mechanism and characteristics of COVID-19 in buildings. […] All guidelines emphasize the importance of ventilation, but the specific ventilation rate that can eliminate the risk of transmission of airborne particulate matter has not been established. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33071481 | The transmission of this virus has infected more than 18.92 million people as of August 6, 2020, with over half a million deaths across the globe; the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this a global pandemic. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072179 | In each phase, attention must now be paid to safety in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072400 | The majority of the participants were aware of the mode of transmission of COVID-19 and a lot of them were updated with the current Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for cross-infection control. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072490 | Antivirals have demonstrated efficacy in treating other infectious diseases in early stages of disease, reducing morbidity, mortality, and the likelihood of onward transmission. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072498 | The graphical presentations are given to observe the transmission dynamics from February 1 a=2020 to April 20, 2020 through various fractional order. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072700 | COMOKIT combines models of person-to-person and environmental transmission, a model of individual epidemiological status evolution, an agenda-based 1-h time step model of human mobility, and an intervention model. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072833 | This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the ecological domain, the energy sector, society and the economy and investigate the global preventive measures taken to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072836 | Therefore, globalization has emerged as an essential mechanism of disease transmission. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072837 | These communities face a high risk for transmission of imported COVID-19 cases and remain vulnerable due to lack of access to health delivery and low utilisation of services. […] This paper discusses the epidemiological and social susceptibility of pastoral communities in the transmission of COVID-19 and the introduction of One Health Approach as an effective inter-disciplinary response and management. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33072894 | transmission quantifies the effectiveness of these basic measures to prevent transmission of pathogenic bacteria and viruses to patients and clinicians, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. […] = 0.70). transmission, when done by personnel already present in the operating rooms of the cases, the personnel time budget can be 10 min per case. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33073259 | Elective surgical interventions were cancelled or postponed to avoid disease transmission and excessive consumption of critical hospital resources. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33073377 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission is an open issue. […] Recent reports call into question in utero or peripartum viral transmission to the offspring. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33073910 | In order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on oral health and possible saliva transmission, we performed RNA-seq profiles analysis from public databases and also a questionnaire survey on oral-related symptoms of COVID-19 patients. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33073946 | The use of alcoholic scrubs, sodium hypochlorite, masks, social distancing, and quarantine the affected individual is inevitable to eradicate the infection vector and to break the transmission path. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33074479 | Due to overcrowding and subsequent unavoidable close contact, poor ventilation, and decreased hygiene standards and healthcare services as compared with in the community setting, the prison environment is highly conducive to the transmission of infections, including COVID-19. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33074955 | Congregate settings such as psychiatric units have an increased risk of disease transmission because of the milieu setting and the inability to isolate patients. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33075527 | Experience of the country suggests that adaptive triggering of distancing policies combined with a population-wide movement control measure can be effective in suppressing transmission and preventing a rebound. | 2020-10-19 |
| 33075953 | Considering the complexity of disease transmission dynamics in cities, stochastic epidemic models include uncertainty in their treatment of the problem, allowing the estimation of the probability of an outbreak, the distribution of epidemic magnitudes, and their expected duration. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33076880 | The structured questionnaire consisted of questions covering several areas: sociodemographic data, cross transmission to another person living together, oral hygiene habits during confinement, care and disinfection control behaviours in the dental environment like sharing toothbrush, sharing toothbrush container, sharing toothpaste, placing brush vertically, placing cap with hole for brush, disinfecting brush with bleach, closing toilet lid before flushing. […] Tongue brushing was more used in the group where there was no transmission of the disease to other members (p < 0.05). […] The use of inappropriate measures in the dental environment could contribute to the indirect transmission of COVID-19 between cohabitants. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33077007 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has significant implications for hospital infection prevention and control, discharge management, and public health. […] Additional data are needed to determine the duration of shedding of viable virus and the implications for risk of transmission. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33077432 | We compared COVID-19 risk management, fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among frontline employees working within eldercare, hospital/rehabilitation, psychiatry, childcare and ambulance service and explored if group differences in fear of infection and transmission could be explained by differences in risk management. […] We also investigated the association of risk management with fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among eldercare personnel. […] Not all differences in fear of infection and transmission between the five areas of work were explained by differences in risk management. […] Among eldercare personnel, self-reported exposure to infection and lack of access to test was most consistently associated with fear of infection and fear of transmission, whereas lack of access to personal protective equipment was solely associated with fear of transmission. […] We have illustrated differences and similarities in COVID-19 risk management within five areas of work and provide new insights into factors associated with eldercare workers’ fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33077506 | Vaping and vape shops pose risk for COVID-19 and its transmission. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33077604 | Currently available data do not provide enough information to infer the mode of plague transmission in any given epidemic; nevertheless, order-of-magnitude estimates of epidemic parameters suggest that the observed slow growth rates in the 14th century are inconsistent with direct (pneumonic) transmission. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078030 | Direct surface contact might not represent a major transmission route, and lower positive rate of air sample (6.8%) was likely due to natural ventilation (1.6-3.3 m/s) and regular disinfection practices. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078072 | It is observed that mode of transmission of the disease varies from one country to the other. […] In this study, effect of modes of transmission of COVID-19 is considered with respect to prevalence and mortality counts in World Health Organisation (WHO) regions. […] Also, a negative binomial model is formulated for new death cases in all WHO regions as a function of confirmed cases, confirmed new cases, total deaths and modes of transmission, with the goal of identifying a model that predicts the total new death cases the best. […] Results from this study show that there is strong linear relationship among the COVID-19 confirmed cases, total new deaths and mode of transmission in all WHO regions. […] Findings highlight the significant roles of modes of transmission on total new death cases over WHO regions. […] Mode of transmission based on community transmission and clusters of cases significantly affects the number of new deaths in WHO regions. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078077 | In this Review, we discuss previous efforts in materials science in developing imaging systems and microfluidic devices for the in-depth and real-time investigation of viral structures and transmission, as well as material platforms for the detection of viruses and the delivery of antiviral drugs and vaccines. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078078 | Building on its legacy of managing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), China has played a key role in the scientific community by revealing the viral transmission routes and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and developing novel therapeutic interventions and vaccines. […] Despite these rapid scientific and technological advances, uncertainties remain in tracing the original sources of infection, determining the routes of transmission and pathogenesis, and addressing the lack of targeted clinical management of COVID-19. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078089 | The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 and its transmission, causes and prevention among people living in Malaysia. […] In addition, the majority had good knowledge regarding cause, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention and treatment and quarantine measures after answering 21 questions. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078090 | The available data suggest that school closures can potentially reduce transmission during the pandemic, although more research is needed on the effectiveness of these practices. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078091 | The theme of this paper focuses on the mathematical modeling and transmission mechanism of the new Coronavirus shortly noted as (COVID-19), endangering the lives of people and causing a great menace to the world recently. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078129 | Despite the imposed precautions, coronavirus disease-19 is rapidly spreading with human-to-human transmission resulting in more than 290,000 death as of May 13, 2020 according to World Health Organization (WHO). | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078227 | In order to minimize the risk of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many clinic appointments were postponed to lower patient attendance. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078471 | The Malaysian Ministry of Health had implemented a range of measures, such as the use of masks and social distancing, to reduce the risk of transmission. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33078703 | Insufficient testing and isolation of cases could have facilitated the widespread transmission of COVID-19 in the early stages of the outbreak. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33079005 | These regulations aimed to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission among farmworkers, but made compromises that may fail to reduce the risk of further outbreaks among Oregon’s agricultural workers, particularly those living in agricultural labor housing. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33079625 | The introduction and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States resulted in methods to assess, mitigate, and contain the resulting COVID-19 disease derived from limited knowledge. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33079941 | Study limitations include likely lag time in receipt of completed death certificates received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for transmission to NCHS, with consequent lag in capturing the total number of deaths compared to data reported on state dashboards. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33079987 | As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues its rapid global spread, quantification of local transmission patterns has been, and will continue to be, critical for guiding pandemic response. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33080000 | Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are vital to reducing the transmission risks. […] By assuming same efficiency of social distancing against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 transmission, isolation/quarantine and social distancing could lead to a 48.1% (95% CI: 35.4%-58.1%) and 34.6% (95% CI: 31.3%-38.2%) reduction of the transmissibility of COVID-19. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33080031 | Clusters and possibly increased diffuse transmission could occur in the context of the next influenza season. | 2020-10-20 |
| 33080715 | The virus indicates person-to-person transmission and some patients present asymptomatic. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33081403 | Besides contributing to the existing literature focusing on the knowledge regarding the nexus between tourism and COVID-19, the paper’s findings also highlight the importance of risk perception and the need of transmission prevention and control of the epidemic for the tourism sector. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33081421 | Our results provide the molecular basis that the nasal mucosa is the most susceptible locus in the respiratory tract for SARS-CoV-2 infection and consequently for subsequent droplet transmission and should be the focus for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33081538 | Comparison of the two symptom groups demonstrated a common need for updates, their relationship with the media and correct information about the route of transmission. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33081711 | Local transmission had occurred in Shanghai in late January 2020. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33081858 | Transmission risk via environmental surfaces in the ICUs is likely to be low. […] Nonetheless, infection control practices should be strictly reinforced, and transmission risk via droplet or airborne spread remains. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33082292 | Good rapport between proctors and treating physicians was reported, enabled by the high-resolution image transmission and uninterrupted feedback/discussion via audiostream. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33082405 | Understanding transmission patterns from different regions of the world will further inform global dynamics of the pandemic. […] We also provide evidence for early community-based transmission and catalogue new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains in the UAE. […] Our findings contribute to the understanding of the global transmission network of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33083158 | Through analysis of expected and worst-case scenarios, the efficacy of the upper-room UV-C approach for reducing COVID-19 transmission in confined spaces (with moderate but sufficient ceiling height) is demonstrated. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33083174 | With the increasing number of infected pregnant women, many physicians hypothesized the perinatal transmission as a potential route of transmission. […] Some cases of perinatal transmission have been described, but it is unclear if these occurred via the transplacental or the transcervical routes or through environmental exposure. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33083334 | Future research should focus on finding the routes of transmission for this virus, including the possibility of transmission from foreign tourists to identify the possible origin of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33083402 | Increasing the testing capacity and/or reducing the COVID-19 transmission are urgently needed to stop the potentially unstoppable, severing crisis in static-phase countries. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33083695 | This review provides an overview of studies and case reports of neurological and neuromuscular complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and describes the possible mechanisms of viral transmission to the central nervous system (CNS). | 2020-10-21 |
| 33084153 | Reintroducing any OPV use in the U.S. poses a risk of restarting transmission of OPV-related viruses and could lead to new infections in immunocompromised individuals with B-cell related primary immunodeficiencies that could lead to later cases of paralysis. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33084340 | Herein, we review how human genetics tells us about the transmission, pathogenesis, susceptibility, severity, and drug prioritization of COVID-19. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33084794 | Radiology departments were forced to make significant changes in their routine during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, to prevent further transmission of the coronavirus and optimize medical care as well. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33084869 | We reviewed the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 cases and the postoperative outcomes of patients who had thoracic surgery during the beginning and at the highest point of transmission in our community. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33084885 | Determining multiple transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to improving safety practices for the public and stemming the spread of SARS-CoV-2 effectively. […] This article mainly focuses on published studies on the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 including contact transmission, droplet transmission, aerosol transmission and fecal-oral transmission, as well as related research approaches, such as epidemiological investigations, environmental sampling in hospitals and laboratories and animal models. […] Third, background monitoring of the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and environmental disinfection in crowded public places, such as railway stations, schools, hospitals and other densely populated areas, can give early warning of outbreaks and curb the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 in those high-risk areas. […] Forth, establishing novel predictive models can help us to not only assess transmission and impacts in communities, but also better implement corresponding emergency response measures. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33085569 | Although airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from person-to-person over long distances is currently thought to be unlikely, the current epidemiological evidence suggests that airborne SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission in confined, indoor spaces is plausible, particularly when outdoor airflow rates are low and when face masks are not utilized. […] We sought to model airborne infection transmission risk assuming five realistic exposure scenarios using previously estimated outdoor airflow rates for 12 New York City nail salons, a published quanta generation rate specific to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the Wells-Riley equation to assess risk under both steady-state and non-steady-state conditions. […] Additionally, the impact of face mask-wearing by occupants on airborne infection transmission risk was also evaluated. […] The risk of airborne infection transmission across all salons and all exposure scenarios when not wearing face masks ranged from <0.015% to 99.25%, with an average airborne infection transmission risk of 24.77%. […] Wearing face masks reduced airborne infection transmission risk to between <0.01% and 51.96%, depending on the salon, with an average airborne infection transmission risk of 7.30% across all salons. […] Increased outdoor airflow rates in nail salons were generally strongly correlated with decreased average airborne infection transmission risk. […] The results of this study indicate that increased outdoor airflow rates and the use of face masks by both employees and customers could substantially reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York City nail salons. […] Businesses should utilize multiple layers of infection control measures (e.g. social distancing, face masks, and outdoor airflow) to reduce airborne infection transmission risk for both employees and customers. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33085719 | Conflicting information surrounding COVID-19 abounds, from disagreement over the effectiveness of face masks in preventing viral transmission to competing claims about the promise of certain treatments. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33085973 | There is a risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during endoscopic procedures. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33086141 | Several societies have raised the risk of viral transmission of SARS-Cov-2 due to surgical smoke during laparoscopic procedures in infected patients. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33086321 | The “COVID-minimal surgical pathway” consisted of: (A) evolving best-practices in COVID-19 transmission-reduction, (B) screening patients and staff, (C) preoperative COVID-19 patient testing, (D) isolating pathway patients from COVID-19 patients. | 2020-10-21 |
| 33087097 | Population mobility and airborne particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33087205 | We wished to study the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in this closed population. […] R0 value was found comparable to the earlier studies indicating similar transmission dynamics among quarantined individuals in India. […] Universal testing and prompt isolation of infected individuals reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] The role of asymptomatic individuals appears to be strong in SARS-CoV-2 transmission within closed populations. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33087382 | Participants completed a 42-item survey assessing disease transmission risk (clinical role, work environment, availability of personal protective equipment) and mental health (anxiety, depression and burn-out). | 2020-10-22 |
| 33087383 | Study outcomes will: (a) characterise the epidemiology of COVID-19, (b) assess socioeconomic and demographic influences on infection and outcomes, (c) measure the impact of COVID-19 on short -term and longer-term population outcomes and (d) undertake studies on the transmission and spatial spread of infection. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33087517 | Airborne simulation experiments showed that cotton masks, surgical masks, and N95 masks provide some protection from the transmission of infective SARS-CoV-2 droplets/aerosols; however, medical masks (surgical masks and even N95 masks) could not completely block the transmission of virus droplets/aerosols even when sealed. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33087849 | Screening centers serve as frontiers for preventing community transmission of infectious diseases. […] Particularly, screening centers at Incheon Airport in South Korea prevent transmission through imported cases effectively. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33088836 | These challenges include partial or complete shutdowns, interrupted courier services, disruptions in workflow and diagnostic testing, new physical distancing practices, protocol development or enhancement for handling samples from high-risk or susceptible species, and fulfilling requirements for pre-test permission approval from state and federal veterinary agencies, all of which have been implemented to prevent or minimize exposure and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 locally or regionally. […] As in people, SARS-CoV-2 infects animals through direct animal-to-animal contact and aerosol transmission between animals. […] Humans can also infect pets or other animals in their care and, although human-to-human transmission is the main route of viral spread in people, infected animals and specimens of their bodily fluids or tissues are a potential source of infection for veterinarians and technical or laboratory personnel that are handling them. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33089059 | In November 2019, the patient was enrolled in an innovative clinical pathway (Triage-HF Plus) whereby any ‘high’ Triage-HF risk status transmission prompts a phone call-based virtual consultation. […] A high-risk alert was received via remote transmission on 11 March, triggering a phone call assessment. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33089297 | The main transmission routes of COVID-19 are respiratory droplets and contact transmission, hence oral radiological examination is kind of a high-risk operation. […] Standardized radiologic process is of great significance to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33089311 | Evidence for in utero transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is growing but not definitive. […] We present a case of neonatal infection that supports in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and provides insight into the hematogenous spread from mother to fetus. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33089317 | This case highlights challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts, who may act as persistent shedders and sources of transmission. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33089717 | The oral cavity, an essential part of the upper aerodigestive tract, is believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33089771 | We demonstrated susceptibility of raccoon dogs to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and transmission to in-contact animals. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090210 | Five patients tested newly positive in the immediate post-operative period, exposing 82 employees with one case of probable transmission (1.2%). | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090440 | The wildfire allied environmental pollution is highly toxic and can cause significant wide-ranging damage to the regional environment, weather conditions, and it can facilitate the transmission of microorganisms and diseases. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090512 | Overall, our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mutations could change viral protein structure, binding affinity and hot spots of the interface, thereby might have impacts on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090535 | However, evidence on vertical transmission and natural passive immunity among the newborns exposed to COVID-19 is scanty and varies. […] We conducted a systematic review to first, determine the likelihood of vertical transmission among COVID-19 exposed infants and second, determine whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were generated among COVID-19 vertically exposed but negative infants. […] In conclusion, the current evidence revealed a low possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected among vertically exposed but negative infants. […] Further studies on transplacental transmission and the magnitude of natural passive immunity in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are warranted. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090637 | It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090891 | We investigate the climatic influence on COVID-19 transmission risks in 228 cities globally across three climatic zones. […] The results, based on the application of a Boosted Regression Tree algorithm method, show that average temperature and average relative humidity explain significant variations in COVID-19 transmission across temperate and subtropical regions, whereas in the tropical region, the average diurnal temperature range and temperature seasonality significantly predict the infection outbreak. […] The findings have implications on public health interventions, and contribute to the ongoing scientific and policy discourse on the complex interplay of climatic factors determining the risks of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33090983 | Mass gatherings have been implicated in higher rates of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and many sporting events have been restricted or canceled to limit disease spread (1). […] Certain MLB health and safety protocols, which include frequent diagnostic testing for rapid case identification, isolation of persons with positive test results, quarantine for close contacts, mask wearing, and social distancing, might have limited COVID-19 transmission between teams. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091066 | As a preventive measure to minimise the risk of community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in India, a nationwide lockdown was imposed initially for 21 days to limit the movement of 1.3 billion people. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091068 | We propose this model-based method for future monitoring efforts that could be used to trigger targeted sampling of individual bats or hibernacula for WNS, in areas where traditional disease surveillance approaches are logistically difficult to implement or because of human-wildlife transmission concerns from COVID-19. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091230 | Understanding the human-animal interface and its relevance to disease transmission remains a critical control point for many emerging zoonoses. […] Experimental studies have successfully demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in cats, ferrets, hamsters, bats and non-human primates under experimental settings. […] In domestic settings, viral transmission is self-limiting; however in high-density animal environments, there can be sustained between-animal transmission. […] To date, two potential cases of animal-to-human transmission are being investigated, on infected mink farms. […] Given the millions of COVID-19 cases worldwide and ongoing potential for further zoonotic and anthroponotic viral transmission, further research and surveillance activities are needed to definitively determine the role of animals in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091290 | Patients presenting with facial trauma present a special risk for COVID-19 transmission, as contact with respiratory and ocular secretions is common, and so special precautions must be taken in managing them. […] We created guidelines and a triage/management algorithm for patients presenting with facial trauma to decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091399 | The following points mark the particularity of COVID-19 in Africa: (1) insufficient diagnostic capacity (linked to gross national product), (2) a younger population limiting the population at risk and the number of deaths, (3) a favourable climate (hot and humid) which is decreasing viral transmission, (4) some socio-cultural factors that can reduce cases reporting. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091590 | Transmission of this virus in the human occurs through the respiratory tract and decreases the respiration efficiency of lungs. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33091766 | Moreover for the parameters of the SIR model, namely the transmission rate and recovery rate, we estimate 0.36 and 0.06, respectively. […] Additionally, we obtained an average infectious period of 17 days and a transmission period of 3 days for COVID-19 in Austria. | 2020-10-22 |
| 33092672 | Whilst respiratory droplets are believed to be the dominant transmission mechanisms, indirect transmission may also occur through shared contact of contaminated common objects that is not directly curtailed by a lockdown. […] Post-lockdown, comparison with the prediction of a corresponding counterfactual model with no fomite transmission suggests fomites, through enhancing the overall transmission rate, may have contributed to as much as 25% of the deaths following lockdown. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33092787 | In time, the coronaviruses that bats host as reservoirs have undergone recombination and other modifications that have increased their ability for inter-species transmission: one modification of particular importance has been the development of the ability to use ACE2 as a receptor in host cells. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33092831 | While literature on SARS-CoV-2 indicates that its transmission may occur predominantly via aerosolization of virus-laden droplets, the possibility of alternate routes of transmission and/or reinfection via the environment requires considerable scientific attention. […] This review aims to collate information on possible transmission routes of this virus, to ascertain its fate in the environment. […] Utilization of this information in environmental transmission models developed for other enveloped and enteric viruses can facilitate risk assessment studies. […] Preliminary research efforts with SARS-CoV-2 and established scientific reports on other coronaviruses indicate that the threat of virus transmission from the aquatic environment may be currently non-existent. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33092997 | Universal screening has been proposed as a strategy to identify asymptomatic individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mitigate transmission. […] In a two-week period of low disease prevalence, the rate of asymptomatic coronavirus infection among pregnant women in Australia during the study period was negligible, reflecting low levels of community transmission. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33093033 | In the current context of high incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 in the community, a significant increase in the rate of nosocomial transmission is expected. […] The risk of nosocomial transmission could even be higher in low-income countries that have fragile healthcare systems. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33093038 | This study, therefore, aims to measure the impact of major NPIs (social distancing, social isolation and quarantine) on reducing COVID-19 transmission. together with the observed effects will be evaluated to provide the true effects in the analysis. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33093069 | Comparison to global viral sequences showed that early transmission was most linked to cases from Europe. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094009 | Based on scant available data, vertical transmission is considered unlikely. […] Lack of parental contact prior to testing and strict adherence to recommended airborne precautions perinatally suggest vertical transmission of infection. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094016 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently in worldwide pandemic state with very limited data about the mode of transmission to the growing fetus. […] There are a few published cases of COVID-19 infection in the infants born to COVID-19 positive mothers where most of the reported cases were either mildly symptomatic with positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or had negative COVID-19 PCR raising the question of vertical transmission. […] We present a case of likely intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 infection in a critically ill premature infant born to a COVID-19 infected mother and describing her clinical course thus far. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094258 | Until then, hospitals will need to resume treating other diseases while also attempting to eradicate transmission of COVID-19 within the healthcare setting. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094320 | This suggests that infections among HCWs may reflect community rather than nosocomial transmission during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094347 | However, stringent restrictions on international travel across the world since late March have substantially reduced intercontinental transmission. […] Targeted restrictions on international travel from countries with widespread community transmission, together with improved capacity in testing, genetic sequencing and contact tracing, can inform timely strategies for mitigating and containing ongoing and future waves of COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094715 | Asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic transmission in-flight from a point source is implicated by 99% homology across the virus genome in five cases travelling from three different continents. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33094833 | The lack of herd immunity against this virus and the possibility of viral spread from asymptomatic individuals is still a major challenge for the prevention of viral transmission. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33095583 | Zoonotic viruses can directly be transferred from animals to humans through adaptation, followed by human-to-human transmission, such as in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and, more recently, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or they can be transferred through insects or vectors, as in the case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). | 2020-10-23 |
| 33095788 | In this paper, the interaction strategies and the evolutionary game analysis of the actions taken by the government and the public in the early days of the epidemic are incorporated into the natural transmission mechanism model of the epidemic, and then the transmission frequency equations of COVID-19 epidemic is established. […] Combined with the transmission frequency equation of COVID-19 epidemic, measures taken by the government are analyzed. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33095815 | These passive modes of infection transmission remain an unexplored area for traditional mean-field epidemic models. […] Here, we design an agent-based model for simulations of infection transmission in an open system driven by the dynamics of social activity; the model takes into account the personal characteristics of individuals, as well as the survival time of the virus and its potential mutations. […] The simulated processes underpin the latent infection transmissions, contributing significantly to the spread of the virus within a large time window. […] On the other hand, virus mutations that can gradually reduce the transmission rate by hopping to each new host along the infection path can significantly reduce the extent of the infection, but can not stop the spreading without additional social strategies. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33095836 | We assessed self-reported public perceptions related to COVID-19 including, beliefs (e.g., severity, concerns, health), knowledge (e.g., transmission, information sources), and behaviors (e.g., physical distancing) to understand perspectives in Canada and to inform future public health initiatives. […] Most respondents (88%) felt they had good to excellent knowledge of virus transmission, and predominantly accessed (74%) and trusted (60%) Canadian news television, newspapers/magazines, or non-government news websites for COVID-19 information. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33096163 | The oncology community has undertaken substantial workflow adaptations to reduce transmission risk for patients and providers. […] While various control measureshave been proposed and implemented, little is known about their impact on safety of the radiation oncology workflow and potential for transmission. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33096208 | Although the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted mainly through the respiratory tract, possible transmission by transfusion from asymptomatic carriers should be explored. […] As yet there are no reports of transfusion transmission of COVID-19. […] Haemovigilance provided information supporting the absence of transfusion transmission of COVID-19, thus strengthening the hypothesis that, even if it cannot yet be definitively ruled out, COVID-19 is not transmitted through blood transfusion. | 2020-10-23 |
| 33097261 | Important viral transmission sources include human contact, respiratory droplets and aerosols, and through contact with contaminated objects. […] Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies can provide early detection and assessment of COVID-19 transmission and the growth of active cases within given wastewater catchment areas. […] This would be desirable in order to activate broad public health measures at earlier stages of local and regional stages of transmission. | 2020-10-24 |
| 33097268 | Among numerous factors associated with COVID-19 risk, economic inequality enhanced the risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] High temperature is a more compelling factor mitigating COVID-19 transmission than low temperature. […] Our comprehensive identification of the factors affecting COVID-19 transmission and fatality may provide new insights into the COVID-19 pandemic and advise effective strategies for preventing and migrating COVID-19 spread. | 2020-10-24 |
| 33097467 | Video otoscopy solutions allow for the teletransmission of images compatible with a high-quality diagnosis, either by connecting via internet to a tele-health platform or using a smartphone or a tablet with an iOS or Android operating system. | 2020-10-24 |
| 33098540 | ), increased aPTT median Delta change (decreased light transmission due to increased clot formation) 87.8% (IQR 70.2-91.8%) and PT median Delta change 33.0%. | 2020-10-24 |
| 33098974 | However, concern for severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus-2 transmission during exercise testing has markedly curtailed performance of exercise testing during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. | 2020-10-25 |
| 33099232 | Health care visits carry a risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the similarities of COVID-19 symptoms and lung cancer manifestations represent a dominant problem. | 2020-10-25 |
| 33099570 | Although multiple routes of transmission have been reported in the literature, there is no definitive evidence for transplacental transmission. […] We present a case of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 likely due to transplacental transmission. […] This case supports the possibility of transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-25 |
| 33099897 | The identification of this virus in the feces of more than 50% of infected individuals indicates the possibility of viral shedding and fecal to oral transmission. | 2020-10-25 |
| 33100211 | The aim of this review was to determine the transmission, severity, complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pregnancy. […] However, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from dams to their fetuses is absent until now. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100245 | In this review, we summarize the literature to describe the current epidemiology of COVID-19 in LTCFs, clinical presentations and outcomes in the LTCF population with COVID-19, containment interventions, and the role of healthcare workers in SARS-CoV-2 transmission in these facilities. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100439 | The actual origin and passage history of the virus are unknown, but human-human transmission of the virus has been confirmed. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100476 | The paper evaluates the dynamic impact of various policies adopted by US states on the growth rates of confirmed Covid-19 cases and deaths as well as social distancing behavior measured by Google Mobility Reports, where we take into consideration people’s voluntarily behavioral response to new information of transmission risks in a causal structural model framework. […] Our analysis finds that both policies and information on transmission risks are important determinants of Covid-19 cases and deaths and shows that a change in policies explains a large fraction of observed changes in social distancing behavior. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100576 | Overall, telemedicine has been an invaluable tool to improve access to care and minimize the risk of person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100582 | This index is a function of infected cases, number of deaths and recover cases while the transmission index R0 depends only on the infected cases. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100640 | Indians stranded in countries reporting widespread transmission of COVID-19 in Jan to Mar 2020 were evacuated at short notice. […] Unclear and evolving evidence on COVID-19, risk of transmission of the disease from pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic and known cases of COVID-19 has put the spotlight back on the practice of quarantine. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100651 | We wish to highlight from these cases, that during spinal anesthesia, CSF in mildly symptomatic COVID-19 cases probably does not pose a risk of transmission to the anesthesiologist. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100654 | While children have a less severe clinical course compared to adults, they might be an important component in the transmission link by being asymptomatic carriers. […] Thus, it is essential to have practice guidelines for pediatric health care providers to limit transmission while providing safe and optimum care to our patients. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100656 | During oral surgery, the risk of viral transmission is high during instrumentation in these areas, while performing airway management procedures, the oral surgery itself, and related procedures. […] Airway management procedures, oral surgery, use of cautery, and other powered surgical instruments in the aero digestive tract, along with constant suctioning are a source of significant aerosol generation, further adding to the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100658 | Regional anesthesia maintains respiratory functions, circumvents airway instrumentation and helps to limit viral transmission. […] Due to various limitations of diagnostic tests available, all patients can be treated as COVID-19 positive and necessary precautions are suggested to limit the transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100662 | It has changed the way we work in the Operation Theatres and Intensive Care Units mainly because of the high risk of disease transmission to the healthcare workers. […] In order to reduce the risk of disease transmission, an understanding of the means of transmission of the virus is essential to develop a rational strategy that allows patients to receive treatment without placing either the patient or healthcare workers at risk. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100667 | The aerosol box has been used during intubation and extubation to prevent transmission of infection to HCWs. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100673 | The world is going through the COVID-19 pandemic, which has high virulence and transmission rate. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100675 | The ancient literature and several traditional practices of our country guide a hygienic life style and address several preventive aspects of transmission of infection across the society. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33100806 | A mathematical model for estimating the risk of airborne transmission of a respiratory infection such as COVID-19 is presented. […] The model employs basic concepts from fluid dynamics and incorporates the known scope of factors involved in the airborne transmission of such diseases. […] The model is used to assess the protection from transmission afforded by face coverings made from a variety of fabrics. […] The reduction in the transmission risk associated with increased physical distance between the host and susceptible is also quantified by coupling the model with available and new large eddy simulation data on scalar dispersion in canonical flows. […] Finally, the effect of the level of physical activity (or exercise intensity) of the host and the susceptible in enhancing the transmission risk is also assessed. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33101254 | However, the intermediate host explaining the transmission and evolvement is still unclear. […] The results demonstrate the critical role of the intermediate host in the transmission chain of SARS-CoV-2, and the efficient intervention on this basis may be useful to prevent further deterioration of COVID-19. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33101294 | Vertical transmission from mother to fetus can cause developmental anomalies, growth restriction, preterm birth and stillbirth, while the mother is predisposed to heightened morbidity and maternal death. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33101453 | We numerically simulate the models for about a five-month period reflecting the early stage of the epidemic in the country, considering three critical parameters of COVID-19 transmission mainly in the Sri Lankan context: efficacy of control measures, rate of overseas imported cases, and time to introduce social distancing measures by the respective authorities. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33101792 | A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent COVID-19 transmission, complications, and deaths; the adherence to ethical principles required by clinical research is mandatory and closer supervision is also essential. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33101882 | The family clusters provided further clues of the risk factors for COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33101885 | From the epidemiological point of view, the lifetime of cough and sneeze droplets in the ambient atmosphere plays a significant role in the transmission rate of Coronavirus. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33102152 | We anticipate that the results of this study will provide much needed information about the risks that SARS-CoV-2 poses to pregnant women and their babies, as well as establishing potential routes of mother-to-child transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33102628 | Herein, with respect to current awareness and role of coronaviruses in global public health, we review the various factors involving the origin, evolution, and transmission including the genetic variations observed, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the three potential coronaviruses variants SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33102989 | This study analyzes the transmission dynamics of the outbreak in West Africa nearly 5 months after the effective onset. […] We combine models of mathematical epidemiology and publicly available data to estimate the main disease transmission characteristics. […] In particular, we estimate the initial doubling time, the peak time, the peak rate, the final size and the short-term transmission forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic for these countries. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33103061 | HCV transmission has changed considerably, reflecting both the evolution of medicine and health and social changes. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33103131 | Given reports of GI involvement and viral shedding in the stool, it is unsurprising there are concerns that endoscopic equipment may be a potential vector of viral transmission. […] Overall, the available data indicate that, when correctly executed, current reprocessing practices are sufficient in preventing SARS-COV-2 transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33103470 | This study evaluated the effect of demographic and environmental variables on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Nigeria. […] Southern Nigeria and some states in North-West, North-East and North-Central fell within the high risk and hotspots zone for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Literacy level, dependency ratio, population density, age structure, temperature and precipitation were factors that significantly influenced the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33103659 | The limited evidence on neonatal coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests that vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rare, and most neonates seem to acquire the infection postnatally through respiratory droplets and contact. […] Testing of neonates with perinatal or postnatal exposure to COVID-19 infection plays a vital role in the early diagnosis, management and institution of infection prevention measures thereby cutting off the chain of epidemic transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33104736 | A mathematical model was developed for the COVID-19 transmission within a 2500-bed tertiary hospital of South Korea. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33104993 | Genomic features of SARS-CoV-2 may attribute inter-species transmission and adaptation to a novel host, and therefore is imperative to explicate the evolutionary dynamics of the viral genome and its propensity for differential host selection. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33105071 | A key consideration in the Covid-19 pandemic is the dominant modes of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. […] The objective of this review was to synthesise the evidence for the potential airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via aerosols. […] Seven out of eight epidemiological studies suggest aerosol transmission may occur, with enclosed environments and poor ventilation noted as possible contextual factors. […] Epidemiological studies suggest possible transmission, with contextual factors noted. […] However, there is uncertainty as to the nature and impact of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and its relative contribution to the Covid-19 pandemic compared with other modes of transmission. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33105091 | The model represented the social network and interactions among persons in a region, considering population demographic characteristics, limited testing availability, “imported” infections, asymptomatic disease transmission, and age-specific adherence to social distancing measures. […] The effect of weather conditions on transmission dynamics was not considered. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33105142 | During the outbreak, a local transmission event took place in a nursing home in Villa Clara province, Cuba, in which 19 elderly residents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-10-26 |
| 33105685 | In the latter case, it can be hypothesized that the SARS-CoV-2 genome has adapted during human-to-human transmission and based on available data, the isolated SARS-CoV-2 genomes derive from a common origin. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33106189 | Controversial topics such as COVID-19 mode of transmission, duration of exposure, personal protective equipment, and aerosol-generating procedures will be analyzed and discussed. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33106227 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is high; as a result, countries worldwide have imposed rigorous public health measures, such as quarantine. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33106403 | The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a bright light on the weaknesses in US infectious disease surveillance and a broader gap in our understanding of how to best use detailed spatial data to interrupt and control infectious disease transmission. […] Our research clearly outlines that finer-scale vaccination data should be collected to prevent a return to endemic measles transmission in the United States. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33106671 | Hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 expressing spike(D614G) (G614 virus) produced higher infectious titres in nasal washes and the trachea, but not in the lungs, supporting clinical evidence showing that the mutation enhances viral loads in the upper respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and may increase transmission. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33106713 | Employing the spillover index approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012); as well as developing a DCC-FIGARCH conditional correlation framework and using estimated spillover indices built on a generalised vector autoregressive framework in which forecast-error variance decompositions are invariant to the variable ordering, we examine the sectoral transmission mechanisms of volatility shocks and contagion throughout the energy sector. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33106770 | Criteria for orthodontic appliance selection included careful patient screening and collection of records, minimal physical visits, efficient use of technology, virtual consultations but the use of PPE for physical appointments; and lesser AGPs with a lesser risk of airborne transmission. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33107038 | Prevention of person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 is being promoted universally, with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), hand washes, and hand sanitizers around the clock. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33107286 | As a result, knowledge about the disease should be increased rapidly by sharing the studies on risk factors, transmission routes and clinical features of COVID-19 infection, which affects the whole world. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33107358 | Electronic databases, Google Scholar, and pre-print archives were searched for evidence on airborne transmission of COVID-19 and the safety of MIS amid the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Limited data on the possibility of airborne transmission of COVID-19 were found. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33107772 | Forensic autopsies provided guidance and clarification on the transmission of and the safety of working with Covid-19. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33108309 | Only a small fraction of the provinces studied showed relatively strong outward or inward epidemic transmission effects. […] Specific to the dynamic transmission process of the COVID-19 epidemic, three provinces of Anhui, Beijing, and Guangdong always showed the highest coreness from the third to the sixth week; meanwhile, Hubei Province maintained the highest coreness until the fifth week and then suddenly dropped to the lowest in the sixth week. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33108836 | However, it is currently unclear whether spinal surgical procedures pose an additional risk of viral transmission to the surgical team. […] There is established evidence of COVID-19 blood viremia, a viral pathogenic cycle via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors and similar blood transmission risk data from the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)/MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) era. […] Based on the evidence, there is an established additional risk of viral transmission faced by surgical teams from blood-aerosols generated from the operative wound of COVID-19- infected patients via the inhalation of virus-laden aerosols and the subsequent initiation of the viral pathogenic cycle through binding with pulmonary ACE-2 receptors. | 2020-10-27 |
| 33108976 | Widespread global transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues. […] Many questions remain about asymptomatic or atypical infections and transmission dynamics. […] In serologic follow-up of the first 2 known patients in Illinois with COVID-19, we found no secondary transmission among tested contacts. […] Lack of seroconversion among these contacts adds to our understanding of conditions (ie, use of PPE) under which SARS-CoV-2 infections might not result in transmission and demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing is a useful tool to verify epidemiologic findings. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109057 | COVID-19 which is known as the novel coronavirus was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China and many of the patients have been contaminated by environmental contamination and transmission from one human to another. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109185 | In the process of controlling viral spread, clinical dental facilities face a higher risk of disease transmission among patients as well as clinical and non-clinical staff. […] Aerosols formation and diffusion into the surrounding air can be a real concern of viral transmission, if no protective measures are established. […] We aim in this review to present the currently implemented measures and propose changes in clinical dental facilities to minimize the risk of transmission. […] We suggest that dental practices establish a sensible workforce shift schedule, improve ventilation levels, reduce dental aerosol generating procedures, and develop a comprehensive guidance to Healthcare Workers to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109262 | In addition, inadequate access to the social determinants of health such as water and sanitation and socio-cultural attributes may constrain the implementation of critical preventive measures such as hand washing and social distancing on the continent.Given these facts, the continent needs to focus on targeted and high impact prevention and control strategies and interventions which could break the chain of transmission quickly. […] We conclude that the available body of scientific evidence on the coronavirus disease 2019 holds the key to the development of such strategies and interventions.Going forward, we recommend that the African research community should scale up research to provide scientific evidence for a better characterization of the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, prevention and control of the virus on the continent. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109269 | The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns of inadvertent SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare workers during routine procedures of the aerodigestive tract in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109432 | Clinicians should identify persons with drug use disorders who may be foregoing treatment, and engage them using methods that minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109863 | There is a significant knowledge gap and anxiety among health care workers (HCWs) including neurosurgeons regarding in-hospital disease transmission and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic. […] Preoperative SARS-CoV2 testing as well as testing of all asymptomatic patients prior to admission into ward/intensive care unit was perceived to be beneficial in reducing transmission risk by more than 85% respondents. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33109869 | These procedures are potentially aerosol-generating and can lead to disease transmission. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33110114 | Here, we combine both human mobility and non-pharmaceutical interventions (social-distancing and suspected-cases isolation) into SEIR transmission model to understand how coronavirus transmits in a global environment. […] Dynamic trends of region-specific time-variant reproduction number, social-distancing rate, work-resumption rate, and suspected-cases isolation rate have been estimated and plotted for each region by fitting stochastic transmission processes to the real total confirmed cases reported of each region. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33110287 | In this paper, the impact of governmental restrictions on electrical load, generation and transmission was investigated in 16 European countries. […] Then the European grid was analysed to assess how the load drop was balanced by the change in generation and transmission patterns. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33110288 | The Death or ‘D’ model is a simplified version of the well-known SIR (susceptible-infected-recovered) compartment model, which allows for the transmission-dynamics equations to be solved analytically by assuming no recovery during the pandemic. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33110677 | Materno-fetal vertical transmission has not been shown so far. […] There is no evidence for transmission through breastmilk; therefore infected mothers should breastfeed their infants by taking all precautions. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33110745 | The purpose of this article is to provide general guidance for ophthalmologists to understand the prevalence of ocular presentation in COVID 19 patients and to reduce the risk of transmission during practice. […] No study has shown a definite transmission of COVID 19 through ocular mucosa or secretions. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33111030 | Third, physical distancing is promoted to reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33111164 | We aimed at establishing a new COVID-19 risk scores, serving as a guide for rapidly screening the COVID-19 patients in order to reduce the risk of COVID-19 hospital-related transmission. […] As the COVID-19 disease is breaking out across the world, hospital-related transmission is one of the main factors accountable for the spread of COVID-19. […] We also compared three different screening schemes (Scheme I: temperature higher than 37.2 °C on admission, Scheme II: exposure to a source of transmission within 14 days in addition to fever, Scheme III: our new COVID-19 risk score) in terms of their respective receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, so as to evaluate their respective screening effectiveness. […] Five significant risk factors, which were exposed to a source of transmission (9 points), cluster onset (6 points), history of fever or temperature higher than 37.2 °C on admission (4 points), cough (1 point) and other atypical symptoms (1 point), were ultimately selected from many candidates to construct the new rapid COVID-19 screening program. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33111623 | The Golisano Institute for Developmental Disability Nursing identified this as an unmet need and created an online asynchronous course for DSPs on infection prevention and use of personal protective equipment to reduce transmission of COVID-19 among individuals with disabilities and DSPs. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33111779 | The benefits of breastfeeding outweigh any potential risks of transmission of the new coronavirus. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33111781 | The Multimodal Strategy, proposed for hospitals in general, can be adapted for field hospitals in order to reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33111916 | This work aims to develop a biomathematical transmission model of COVID-19, in the State of Sergipe, Brazil, to estimate the distribution of cases over time and project the impact on the spread of the epidemic outbreak due to interventions and control measures over the local population. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112012 | Many countries have closed schools as part of measures to limit transmission and this has had a considerable impact on children world-wide. […] A high proportion (79%, 941) thought it likely or very likely that their child would catch CoVID-19 at school if there were to be widespread community transmission. […] This was despite messaging from multiple trusted sources that transmission in schools is unlikely, and the number of NZ CoVID-19 cases being extremely low. […] These findings have implications for policy development and public health messaging both in NZ and in countries with ongoing community transmission of CoVID-19. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112124 | There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112638 | COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and is declared as a global pandemic by WHO as it caused severe damage to mankind by virus transmission from human to human with increased mortality rate worldwide. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112652 | This novel virus and its spread affected every aspect of modern medical practice, ranging from investigating transmission of this new pathogen, antigen testing of symptomatic patients, imaging, assessing different treatment regimens and the production of a new vaccine. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112931 | A K% binning discretisation (K = 25) is used to create four risk groups of countries based on the risk of transmission (coronavirus cases per million population), risk of mortality (coronavirus deaths per million population), and risk of inability to test (coronavirus tests per million population). […] The three four-class classification problems are then explored and benchmarked through leave-one-country-out cross validation to find the strongest model, producing a Stack of Gradient Boosting and Decision Tree algorithms for risk of transmission, a Stack of Support Vector Machine and Extra Trees for risk of mortality, and a Gradient Boosting algorithm for the risk of inability to test. […] It is noted that high risk for inability to test is often coupled with low risks for transmission and mortality, therefore the risk of inability to test should be interpreted first, before consideration is given to the predicted transmission and mortality risks. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112980 | Beside regular emergency care, rapid detection and isolation of COVID-19 cases are obligatory for prevention of internal viral transmission and efficient medical staff protection. […] No viral transmission was detected during the whole period within medical staff and patients of the ED. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33112982 | Transmission can happen during intraoperative exposure to viral particles carried by droplets or aerosols. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33113210 | Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines will need to have fully demonstrated safety and efficacy in preventing not only complications but transmission to justify childhood vaccination. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33113212 | Here I review how the two key parameters of viral disease are countered by fundamentally different genetic mechanisms for resistance: (1) virus transmission, countered primarily by activation of innate and adaptive immune responses; and (2) pathology, countered primarily by tolerance checkpoints to limit innate and adaptive immune responses. | 2020-10-28 |
| 33114771 | Prior evaluations of the relationship between COVID-19 and weather indicate an inconsistent role of meteorology (weather) in the transmission rate. […] On global to regional scales, we found contradictory relationships between weather and the transmission rate, confounded by decentralized policies, weather variability, and the onset of screening for COVID-19, highlighting an unlikely impact of weather alone. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33115412 | The mission objectives were to repatriate as many citizens based on aircraft capacity and prevent onboard transmission of the disease to flight personnel. […] A clear understanding of socio-political situation of a country, transmission routes of a pathogen, disease presentation, and knowledge of aviation procedures, aircraft engineering and design is of great importance in preparing for such missions. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33115548 | A questionnaire was distributed to hospitals in Tokyo (N = 38) regarding their preparedness against and in-facility transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] As of May 31, 2020, 284 HCP had contracted COVID-19, and in-facility COVID-19 transmission occurred at 13 hospitals, negatively impacting hospital functions and patient care. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33115583 | Dental institutes are at particularly high risk for infection transmission through their aerosol-generating dental procedures. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33115683 | In Canada, Quebec had the highest COVID-19 burden and its earlier March school break, taking place two weeks before those in other provinces, could have shaped early transmission dynamics. […] We combined a semi-mechanistic model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with detailed surveillance data from Quebec and Ontario (initially accounting for 85% of Canadian cases) to explore the impact of case importation and timing of control measures on cumulative hospitalizations. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33115724 | Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been intense debate over SARS-CoV-2’s mode of transmission and appropriate personal protective equipment for health care workers in low-risk settings. […] The objective of this review is to identify and appraise the available evidence (clinical trials and laboratory studies on masks and respirators, epidemiological studies, and air sampling studies), clarify key concepts and necessary conditions for airborne transmission, and shed light on knowledge gaps in the field. […] We find that, except for aerosol-generating procedures, the overall data in support of airborne transmission-taken in its traditional definition (long-distance and respirable aerosols)-are weak, based predominantly on indirect and experimental rather than clinical or epidemiological evidence. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33115911 | COVID-19 has necessitated the reduction in conventional face-to-face patient consultation to reduce the risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33116139 | Here, we report our discovery that the ACE2 receptor protein robustly localizes within the motile cilia of airway epithelial cells, which likely represents the initial or early subcellular site of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry during host respiratory transmission. […] These findings are crucial to our understanding of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for prevention and control of this virulent pathogen. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33116556 | Therefore, it is crucial that they have up-to-date information on vaccinological interventions that reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33116566 | Adherence to public health instructions for the COVID-19 is important for controlling the transmission and the pandemic’s health and economic impacts. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33116898 | To reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to identify those who are infectious. […] A more widespread testing programme is necessary to capture “silent” transmission and potentially prevent and reduce future outbreaks. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33116976 | In order to assess the impact of IPC policies, this research addresses the results of a policy simulation in Shanghai, China, which estimates the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 under various IPC policies and offers evidence-based outcomes of work resumption policies for the world. […] Moreover, the 14-day quarantine policy alone appears to be more effective in reducing transmission risk than the staged work resumption policy alone. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33116999 | Additionally, the prevention of mother to infant transmission of HIV is continually strictly practiced during the period of the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33117540 | Incidental transmission and potential harm to infected individuals are some consequences of the failure to identify high-risk patients. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33117550 | In-center hemodialysis patients who resided in areas with evidence of community transmission at the time of the study. […] Of the 334 patients receiving dialysis at the time of the study, 133 resided in areas with evidence of community transmission and 104 consented for the study. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33117854 | When focusing on the most retweeted tweets, the incidence of fear decreased and topics focused on quarantine efforts, the outbreak and its transmission, as well as prevention. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33118022 | Since 2002, the successive emergence of bat-borne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 have reinforced efforts in uncovering the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms governing coronavirus cell tropism and interspecies transmission. […] The interactions between spike proteins and their receptors are often complex and despite many advances in the field, there remains many unresolved questions concerning coronavirus tropism modification and cross-species transmission, potentially leading to delays in outbreak responses. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33118070 | A compound Poisson generalized linear modeling (CPGLM), along with a Monte-Carlo method and random forest (RF) model, was employed to explore how meteorological factors affecting the COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33118327 | Human transmission of this virus occurs via respiratory droplets from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, which are released into the environment after sneezing or coughing. […] The development of such fit-for-purpose technologies hinges on a proper understanding of the transmission, incubation, and structural characteristics of the virus in the external environment and within the host. […] In addition, this article provides useful insights on the transmission behavior of the virus and creates new opportunities for theranostics development. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33118332 | This special article introduces clinical practice guidelines to prevent secondary transmission of COVID-19 within facilities; the guidelines were developed to protect patients and healthcare workers from this highly contagious virus. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119065 | An outbreak of COVID-19 in a nursing home in the Netherlands, following an on-site church service held on March 8 th, 2020, triggered an investigation to unravel sources and chain(s) of transmission. […] The findings underscore the importance of careful outbreak investigations to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission to develop evidence-based mitigation measures. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119111 | This decision analytical model used a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission, stratified by age and risk group, with construction workers modeled explicitly. […] Based on 500 stochastic simulations for each of 15 scenarios that varied the size of the construction workforce and level of worksite transmission risk, the association between continued construction work and hospitalizations was estimated and then compared with anonymized line-list hospitalization data from central Texas through August 20, 2020. […] Social distancing interventions, size of construction workforce, and level of disease transmission at construction worksites. […] This increased risk was estimated to be offset by safety measures (such as thorough cleaning of equipment between uses, wearing of protective equipment, limits on the number of workers at a worksite, and increased health surveillance) that were associated with a 50% decrease in transmission. […] The findings of this study suggest that unrestricted work in high-contact industries, such as construction, is associated with a higher level of community transmission, increased risks to at-risk workers, and larger health disparities among members of racial and ethnic minority groups. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119554 | HCP can have severe COVID-19-associated illness, highlighting the need for continued infection prevention and control in health care settings as well as community mitigation efforts to reduce transmission. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119560 | To mitigate transmission of COVID-19 at polling locations, jurisdictions have adopted changes to protocols and procedures, informed by CDC’s interim guidance, developed in collaboration with the Election Assistance Commission (2). […] Among 522 eligible poll workers, 93% correctly answered all three survey questions about COVID-19 transmission. […] Evidence from the Delaware election supports the feasibility and acceptability of implementing current CDC guidance for election officials, poll workers, and voters for mitigating COVID-19 transmission at polling locations (2). | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119568 | We aimed to determine the effectiveness of surveillance using testing for SARS-CoV-2 to identify an outbreak arising from a single case of border control failure in a country that has eliminated community transmission of COVID-19: New Zealand. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119609 | Conversely, no significant impact on dengue transmission was found in Singapore or Malaysia. […] Across country disparities in social distancing policy effects on reported dengue cases are reasoned to be driven by differences in workplace-residence structure, with an increase in transmission risk of arboviruses from social distancing primarily through heightened exposure to vectors in elevated time spent at residences, demonstrating the need to understand the effects of location on dengue transmission risk under novel population mixing conditions such as those under social distancing policies. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119621 | This abstracts from important elements of realism and locality: (i) people are more likely to interact with members of their social networks and (ii) health and economic policies can affect differentially the rate of viral transmission via a person’s social network vs. the population as a whole. […] I find that viral transmission over a network-connected population can proceed slower and reach lower peak than transmission via uniform mixing. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119657 | On the other hand, we identify transmission routes which suggest that Denmark was part of a network of countries among which the virus was being transmitted. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119733 | A comprehensive understanding of the transmission routes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great importance for the effective control of the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] The aerosol transmission infection risk was evaluated based on the dose-response model for typical indoor environment. […] The median infection risk via aerosol transmission with one-hour exposure (10 -6 to 10 -4) was significantly lower than the risk caused by close contact (10 -1) in a room of the area from 10 to 400 m 2 with one infected individual in it and with typical ventilation rate 1 ACH (Air Changes per Hour). […] The infection risk caused by aerosol transmission was significantly lower than the risk caused by close contact. […] It is still necessary to be precautious for the potential aerosol transmission risk in small rooms with prolonged exposure duration. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119738 | There is limited information on the effect of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different settings. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33119980 | In Italy many public health measures have been adopted to contain the transmission of the disease, which also involved occupational physicians. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33120402 | By focusing on the factors that have been identified, contact tracing services are more likely to get people to engage with them, identify more potentially ill contacts, and reduce transmission. | 2020-10-29 |
| 33120515 | Indeed, the pandemic has been effectively mitigated, but the global transmission is not still optimistic. […] By the Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) algorithm of Markov Chain Monte Carlo numerical method, our model provided a good fitting to the overall trends of SARS-Cov-2 infections and discovers the transmission heterogeneities by some extreme containment strategies to some extent. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120532 | As part of the emergency response, a series of public social distancing interventions were implemented to reduce the transmission rate of COVID-19. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120533 | The proposed model describes the combined effects of transboundary spread among county clusters in Arizona and human activities on the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120555 | Furthermore, the proposed model takes into account the lytic and nonlytic immune responses and also incorporates both modes of transmission that are the virus-to-cell infection through extracellular environment and the cell-to-cell transmission via virological synapses. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120569 | We determine the initial reproductive transmission rate in Lebanon and all subsequent dynamics. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120585 | Along with this, the high transmission rate ensures higher level of endemicity. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120597 | Due to high transmission levels, many governments implemented social distancing and confinement measures with different levels of required compliance to mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic. […] In this paper, we use a mathematical model to characterize the impact of short duration transmission events within the confinement period previous but close to the epidemic peak. […] If this occurs during a period of high incidence, then the disease transmission will rapidly increase, unless the effective contact rate keeps decreasing, which will be very difficult to achieve once the population is released. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120621 | Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients may lead to chances of transmission of the virus inside healthcare facilities among other visiting patients and healthcare workers. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120649 | Ophthalmology practice has encountered countless modifications in the practice pattern not to jeopardize patient care and at the same time maintain all safety measures to reduce transmission. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33120981 | The widespread MERS-CoV infections in camels might lead to a risk of future zoonotic transmission into people with direct contact with these infected camels. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33121326 | Using a previously validated dynamic transmission model of mumps infection in Japan, the incidence rate of mumps over the next 30 y since July 2020 was estimated. […] In conclusion, the persistent decline of mumps vaccination rate as an impact of COVID-19 causes a significant incremental disease burden of mumps, which is consistent irrespective of the possible decline of transmission rate of mumps infection, unless the rapid recovery of coverage rate is achieved. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33121456 | The effectiveness of measures taken by the study hospitals to prevent nosocomial transmission was reviewed. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33121538 | Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was unlikely in these non-ICU settings. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33122577 | This may have been due to enteric involvement in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 and/or limitations in controlling the patient-to-patient transmission of infectious agents in extremely challenging circumstances. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33122753 | In this study, we propose an agent-based model of disease transmission in a society divided into closely connected families, workplaces, and social groups. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33123144 | presents a global threat due to its high transmission rate, ability to invade multiple tissues, and ability to trigger immunological hyperactivation. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33123381 | But, only 25.5% of the respondents could rightly identify to keep a minimum distance of two meters between two beds while dialyzing a suspected patient of COVID-19 along with other patients to minimise risk of COVID-19 transmission. 60% of the technicians have received hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis against coronavirus infection. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33123609 | This retrospective investigation suggests potential airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the possibility of superspreading events in certain close contact and closed space settings, which should be taken into account when control strategies are planned. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33123610 | Our data suggest that the short-term recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in discharged patients is not a relapse of COVID-19, and the risk of onward transmission is very low. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33123896 | We reviewed two pediatric patients with moderate COVID-19, collected the epidemiologic information and monitored the cycle threshold value of rectal specimen and the viral loads, and discussed the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients and the virulence of feces in children with moderate COVID-19, in order to analyze the risk of kindergartens reopening. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33124127 | Aim of this narrative review is to explore transmission modality of SARS-CoV-2 to provide appropriate advice to stakeholders, in order to support the implementation of effective public health measures and protect healthcare workers that primary face the disease. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33124537 | Because the population is generally susceptible to the virus, there are no effective drugs and vaccines, and active participation of the entire population in self-protection and self-isolation has become the key to cutting off transmission routes and effectively controlling the epidemic. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33124608 | Beside social distancing rules and the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment, sanitization measures and ventilation system disinfection are essential to reduce viral transmission. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125043 | Social distancing, i.e. avoiding places with other people and staying at home, was recommended to prevent viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125197 | Such masks are believed to be effective in prevention of respiratory viral transmission. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125385 | Importantly, 86% of all respondents, irrespective of employment status, reported feeling stressed with regards to changes in their work environment and transmission of the virus. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125393 | For the estimation of the day-zero of the outbreak in Lombardy, as well as of the “effective” per-day transmission rate for which no clinical data are available, we have used the proposed SEIIRD simulator to fit the numbers of new daily cases from February 21 to the 8th of March. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125421 | The lack of this information leads to uncertainties in understanding the airborne transmission of respiratory diseases, such as the COVID-19. […] The results from this study challenge the conventional understanding of disease transmission routes through airborne and droplet mechanisms. […] We suggest that a complete understanding of the respiratory droplet evolution is essential and needed to identify the transmission mechanisms of respiratory diseases. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125773 | Health inequality creates conditions for the transmission of infectious diseases, and existing health disparities can contribute to unequal burdens of morbidity and mortality. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33125914 | A candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 might act against infection, disease, or transmission, and a vaccine capable of reducing any of these elements could contribute to disease control. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33126032 | Thus, the quarantine measures can not only cut off the transmission of virus, but also retard the spread by improving ambient air quality, which might provide implications for the prevention and control of COVID-19. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33126033 | This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presence and persistence in human excreta, wastewaters, sewage sludge as well as in natural water bodies, and the possible implications for water services in terms of fecal transmission, public health, and workers’ risk. | 2020-10-30 |
| 33126857 | COVID-19 and SARS outbreaks exhibited distinct spatiotemporal clustering patterns at the provincial levels in mainland China, which may be attributable to changes in social and demographic factors, local government containment strategies or differences in transmission mechanisms. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127095 | Through team efforts, adopting these measures can have real effects on reducing the transmission of the viral illness and maintaining patient and caregiver safety in the labor room. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127302 | COVID-19 has led to concern among urological healthcare workers about viral presence, detection and routes of transmission during routine clinical practice. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127335 | The early identification of SARS-COV-2 infection in infants and children has important direct management effects in these children and public health implications because of the effects on disease transmission control measures. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127399 | Similarly, some environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity) have been shown to be associated with transmission of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but global data on their association with COVID-19 are scarce. […] These findings were robust in the 14-day-lagged analysis. may be suggestive of a ‘sweet point’ for viral transmission, however only controlled laboratory experiments can decisively prove it. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127739 | The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to important tradeoffs between risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and mental health due to deprivation from normal activities, with these impacts being especially profound in children. […] We conclude that with reasonable precautions, even if followed only by either the candy giver or the candy recipient, the risk of viral transmission by this route is very low. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127861 | The findings provide an additional element to cellular interactions that potentially influences the natural history of SARS-CoV-2, its pathogenicity, and its transmission. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127871 | The onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 presented the challenges of limiting viral transmission, disease force protection, specific protection of healthcare workers and management of patients with COVID-19, all while continuing to provide high-quality care for battlefield trauma. […] Protection of healthcare workers and patients was improved with enhanced personal protective equipment as well as structural, procedural and personnel changes across the role 3 facility in order to limit viral exposure and transmission. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33127911 | The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing before May, 2020 resulted from transmission following both domestic and global importation of cases. […] Our data suggest that all of the cases in Beijing can be broadly classified into one of three groups: Wuhan exposure, local transmission and overseas imports. […] Genomic comparisons reveal higher genomic diversity in the imported group compared to both the Wuhan exposure and local transmission groups, indicating continuous genomic evolution during global transmission. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33128425 | Since the transmission risk increases with close contact, some cosmetic procedures are considered high risk and majority of them had to be postponed or canceled in private dermatocosmetology clinics especially during the heavy period of the outbreak. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33128825 | One of the keys elements to control the transmission of COVID-19 is to decrease the source of infection and transmission to the community. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33128861 | To date, the molecular mechanism of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, its clinical manifestations and pathogenesis is not completely understood. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33129043 | Our findings warrants that the drying cannot replace the surface disinfection to prevent transmission via common vehicle or nosocomial infection. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33129176 | Recognizing that the majority of COVID-19 cases are mild and do not require hospitalization, Partners HealthCare (now Mass General Brigham) implemented a digitally-automated pre-hospital triage solution to direct patients to the appropriate care setting before they showed up at the emergency department and clinics, which would otherwise consume resources, expose other patients and staff to potential viral transmission, and further exacerbate supply-and-demand mismatching. | 2020-10-31 |
| 33129880 | There are reports available on Zika, H1N1 and SARS-CoV where these viruses have shown to produce fetal defects but very little is known about SARS-CoV-2 involvement in pregnancy, but it might have the potential to interact with fetal ACE 2 and enhance COVID-19 transmission to the fetus, leading to fetal morbidity and mortality. […] This review sheds light on a path of SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk in pregnancy and its possible link with fetal ACE 2. | 2020-11-01 |
| 33130165 | This paper aims to give an overview of potential host reservoirs that could cause pandemic outbreak caused by zoonotic transmission. […] Amongst all, continues surveillance in slaughterhouse for possible pathogens transmission is needed to prevent next pandemic outbreak. | 2020-11-01 |
| 33130212 | From March 2020, as the local transmission of COVID-19 declined, switching the focus of measures to the testing and quarantine of inbound travellers may have helped to sustain the control of the epidemic. | 2020-11-01 |
| 33130519 | The last six months have seen an explosion of information related to the host receptors, virus transmission, virus structure-function relationships, pathophysiology, co-morbidities, immune response, treatment and the most promising vaccines. […] We examine the genomic aspects of SARS-CoV-2, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, complement-triggered microangiopathy, and host transmission modalities. | 2020-11-01 |
| 33130659 | This short review provides a review of the scientific literature, which highlights the classification of respiratory viruses, transmission routes, transmission factors, virus-related diseases, case determination of COVID-19, clinical symptoms of COVID-19, laboratory diagnostics of COVID-19, algorithm the doctor’s actions to examine patients, the impact on pregnancy, the treatment of pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas, as well as tactics of managing newborns in a pandemic, measures to prevent spread in a medical institution are highlighted. | 2020-11-01 |
| 33131070 | Histopathological features and virus distribution were observed by optical microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). | 2020-11-01 |
| 33131139 | This review compiles general aspects of the novel coronavirus and COVID-19, further dissects the most recent data on the role of the eye regarding disease transmission and manifestations, and summarizes preventive measures in the particular context of eye care. | 2020-11-01 |
| 33131228 | Influenza viruses can have frequent antigenic variation and changes, which can result in rapid and widespread transmission resulting in annual epidemics and outbreaks in places of public gathering such as schools, kindergartens and nursing homes. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33131360 | In addition, there is a non-negligible risk of viral transmission for the operator who performs the procedure. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33131637 | Gastrointestinal lesions could be used as basis for early diagnosis of patients, and at the same time, controlling gastrointestinal lesions better facilitated to cut off the route of fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33131799 | Laboratory testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, is key in identifying infected persons to guide timely public health actions of contact tracing and patient isolation to limit transmission of infection. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33132005 | In this review, we summarize current SARS-CoV-2 research, with an emphasis on transmission, tissue tropism, viral pathogenesis, and immune antagonism. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33132463 | Understanding transmission, susceptibility and exposure risks is crucial for surveillance, control and response to the disease. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33132484 | Microbial pathogen transmission within built environments is a main public health concern. […] The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adds to the urgency of developing effective means to reduce pathogen transmission in mass-gathering public buildings such as schools, hospitals, and airports. […] To inform occupants and guide facility managers to prevent and respond to infectious disease outbreaks, this study proposed a framework to assess room-level outbreak risks in buildings by modeling built environment characteristics, occupancy information, and pathogen transmission. […] Building information modeling (BIM) is exploited to automatically retrieve building parameters and possible occupant interactions that are relevant to pathogen transmission. […] The extracted information is fed into an environment pathogen transmission model to derive the basic reproduction numbers for different pathogens, which serve as proxies of outbreak potentials in rooms. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33132557 | The transport of COVID-19 patients carries an additional risk of not only the disease itself but also due to the risk of its transmission to the transport team. […] The human-to-human transmission of the virus can occur via respiratory droplets. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33132632 | As droplet and contact transmission are the main routes of COVID-19 infection, endoscopy centers are considered to be high-risk areas for exposure to COVID-19. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33132743 | This paper reviews the state-of-the-art information from available sources of published papers, newsletters and large number of scientific websites aimed to provide a comprehensive profile on the transmission characteristics of the coronaviruses in water, sludge, and air environment, especially the water and wastewater treatment systems. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33133024 | , typically 2-4) and pre- or asymptomatic transmission, properties that have contributed to the current global Covid-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33133083 | Intense efforts are on to study viral pathogenesis and immune response to help guide prophylactic and therapeutic interventions as well as epidemiological assessments like transmission modeling. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33133090 | Lipid rafts are the sites of the initial binding, activation, internalization and cell-to-cell transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33133761 | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mostly affects adults with limited information on possible vertical transmission from pregnant mothers. […] If confirmed, this data could potentially be the first step toward generating hypotheses for mechanisms of lung injury, intrauterine transmission, or how to detect COVID-19 in preterm infants. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33133829 | Few published case reports and case series have described the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19. […] The course and outcome of the newborn are described here along with the possibility of vertical transmission. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33133913 | Possible transmission routes, including respiratory droplets, close contact, and aerosol propagation, have put plastic and reconstructive healthcare professionals at high risk, especially during surgical procedures. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134033 | The COVID-19 pandemic has put multiple aspects of solid organ transplantation at risk, with impacts on donor and recipient suitability, and mitigation of infection and transmission after transplantation. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134040 | Alcohol-containing hand sanitizers are part of the strategy to prevent person-to-person transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] We subsequently discovered the patient had consumed half of an ethanol hand sanitizer bottle (about 300-400 mL) which was placed at the foot of the bed to prevent infection transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134090 | Severe respiratory syndrome SARS-COV-2 leads to Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) and has the capability of transmission through human-to-human and surface-to-human transmission leads the world to catastrophic phase. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134154 | Referring ancient practices like above in this COVID era may prove an important tool in addressing surgical urgencies while combating transmission risks at the same time. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134200 | The world is faced with containing the spread of the infection, and this review revealed that thorough hand washing with antiseptic soap and running water and usage of alcohol hand sanitizer, frequent surfaces cleaning, strict adherence to social distancing, regular respiratory hygiene, wearing of protective face masks, frequent testing, self-isolation, quarantine and rigorous contact tracing will help to prevent further spread, and control the transmission of the viral pathogen. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134308 | From December 2019 to date, more than 22 million cases have been reported worldwide and global health institutions are acting to slow down the virus transmission and are looking for possible prevention strategies in case of a new outbreak. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134384 | Person-to-person transmission via droplets, probable aerosols, or close contact is considered as the main mode of transmission. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134387 | The evidence on the positive rate of conjunctival swab samples and the prevalence rates of ocular symptoms indicated that COVID-19 ocular transmission was possible but less likely. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134405 | We describe factors underlying their increased risk and identify mechanisms for reducing or minimizing rates of COVID-19 transmission and other health outcomes. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134847 | COVID-19’s high transmission rate and potential to cause a spectrum of systemic diseases makes it imperative for researchers and clinicians worldwide to collaborate and develop a strategy to manage and contain this disease. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134887 | The SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk has not yet been examined, although protecting infants and young children from COVID-19 is critical for limiting community transmission and preventing serious illness and death. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33134905 | We adapted mathematical models of TB transmission in three high-burden countries (India, Kenya and Ukraine) to incorporate lockdown-associated disruptions in the TB care cascade. […] If lockdown-related disruptions cause a temporary 50% reduction in TB transmission, we estimated that a 3-month suspension of TB services, followed by 10 months to restore to normal, would cause, over the next 5 years, an additional 1⋅19 million TB cases (Crl 1⋅06-1⋅33) and 361,000 TB deaths (CrI 333-394 thousand) in India, 24,700 (16,100-44,700) TB cases and 12,500 deaths (8.8-17.8 thousand) in Kenya, and 4,350 (826-6,540) cases and 1,340 deaths (815-1,980) in Ukraine. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33135082 | This may promote human-to-human transmission. […] Direct transmission regards the distance between operator and patient, exposure to saliva, blood and other body fluids, the use of sharp instruments and “droplet-generating” rotating instruments, contact with the conjunctival mucosa, and finally the contact with droplets produced by coughing and nasal secretion of an infected individual without mask at short distance, increasing the biological risk for the operator. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33135085 | To date, the exact route/routes of transmission of COVID-19 are still unclear. […] The respiratory tract is probably not the only route of transmission for this viral infection and some authors have also speculated that COVID-19 droplets, or infected hands, could contaminate the conjunctiva, which could therefore represent the initial site of an infection spread. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33135815 | Wuhan, as the city where the epidemic first broke out, has made great sacrifices to block the possible transmission. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33135831 | While the frequency of herpes zoster, scabies, urticaria, pityriasis rosea and sexually transmitted diseases increased significantly; allergic and irritant contact dermatitis decreased after the pandemic. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33136249 | In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe-and rising-inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33136431 | As there is currently no COVID-19 specific treatment, isolation is the most effective method to prevent transmission. […] This paper aims to review the basics of COVID-19, including epidemiology, basic biology of SARS-CoV-2, and transmission. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33137809 | Among the 45 countries included in our analysis, we estimate that approximately 5% of these populations had been infected by 1 September 2020, and that much higher transmission rates have probably occurred in a number of Latin American countries. | 2020-11-02 |
| 33137892 | The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged from a zoonotic transmission in China towards the end of 2019, rapidly leading to a global pandemic on a scale not seen for a century. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33138092 | It is essential to implement adequate hygiene best practices to break the contagion chain and enhance society preparedness for such critical scenarios and understand the relevance of each disease transmission route. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33138475 | This study assessed the effect of speech volume on respiratory emission of oral bacteria as an indicator of potential pathogen transmission risk. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33138663 | The results establish GCF as a possible mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which is the first such report in the literature, and also provide the first quantifiable evidence pointing toward a link between the COVID-19 infection and oral health. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33138692 | Hence, the laboratory parameters identified should be considered in clinical practice, which provide new insights into the identification of asymptomatic individuals and the prevention of virus transmission. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33138810 | The survey collected data on knowledge of COVID-19 regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, protection, and dental treatment precautions as well as participants’ background variables. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33139561 | Superspreaders, infected individuals who result in an outsized number of secondary cases, are believed to underlie a significant fraction of total SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Here, we combine empirical observations of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and extreme value statistics to show that the distribution of secondary cases is consistent with being fat-tailed, implying that large superspreading events are extremal, yet probable, occurrences. […] We integrate these results with interaction-based network models of disease transmission and show that superspreading, when it is fat-tailed, leads to pronounced transmission by increasing dispersion. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33139693 | SARS-CoV-2 might infect the gastrointestinal tract through its viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and there is increasing evidence of a possible fecal-oral transmission route. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33139704 | Full genome sequences are increasingly used to track the geographic spread and transmission dynamics of viral pathogens. […] We further report high levels of transmission heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 spread, with between 2-10% of infected individuals resulting in 80% of secondary infections. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33140036 | The biggest concerns in the current pandemic are enormous workload pressure, psychological distress, caregiver burnout, and, even worse, transmission of the virus among healthcare workers. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33140084 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, the health care workers (HCWs) at the frontline have been largely exposed to infected patients, running a high risk of being infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Since limiting transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in health care setting is crucial to avoid the community spread of SARS-CoV-2, we want to share our experience as an early hit hospital where standard infection control practices have been conscientiously applied and effective. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33140592 | Our data suggested low transmission rates in open air mass gatherings when appropriate personal protective practices were followed. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33140636 | Cell entry, the fundamental step in cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is initiated by the recognition of the host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141000 | There is no doubt that health-care workers in all settings should be vaccinated first, but who comes next will be a complex decision based on local epidemiology, societal values, and the ability of the vaccines to prevent both severe disease and to reduce transmission thereby eliciting herd protection. […] To support decision-making on who to be prioritized for vaccination requires urgent additional research on the epidemiology of COVID-19; preexisting immunity and who is responsible for transmission in a variety of settings; the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in children and pregnant women; and determining whether COVID-19 vaccines prevent asymptomatic infection and transmission. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141109 | At this time, there appears to be no evidence of vertical transmission. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141332 | In this article we recapitulate the molecular mechanisms of host cell entry of SARS-CoV‑2 and discuss the current evidence for a potential conjunctival transmission of SARS-CoV‑2. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141402 | Our data found four challenges: (1) The requirement to reassess worship practices, (2) the need to mitigate any potential for community transmission, (3) significant difficulties related to social distancing for communal religious practices, and lastly, (4) welfare and pastoral concerns for congregations and others in need. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141405 | It is based on the specific features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in LTCFs, residents’ needs, and on experiences conducted in the field. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141860 | This study explores the driving forces behind the retransmission of online help-seeking posts. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33141862 | The study objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the proportion of asymptomatic infection among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive persons and their transmission potential. […] Transmission studies were too heterogenous to meta-analyse. […] Among five transmission studies, 18 of 96 (18.8%) close contacts exposed to asymptomatic index patients were COVID-19 positive. […] Despite study heterogeneity, the proportion of asymptomatic infection among COVID-19 positive persons appears high and transmission potential seems substantial. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33142113 | Further tracing of viral mutations acquired during transmission identifies full infection of individual cells effectively from a single viral entry. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33142308 | 75.56%, 91% and 90.93% of the participants knew respectively that having close contacts, kissing and touching the face with the hands could favor the transmission of the virus. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33142370 | In this context, a fecal-oral transmission route has been considered and points out a role for the digestive tract in disease transmission and severity. | 2020-11-03 |
| 33142840 | Nevertheless, the investigations showed a low SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the village at the time of the sampling, demonstrating virus transmission could be limited when strict emergency measures are followed. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33143581 | In this review, we reflect on the experiences and lessons learnt from UK and international responses to FMD and COVID-19 with respect to their management, including the challenge of preclinical viral transmission, threat awareness, early detection, different interpretations of scientific information, lockdown, biosecurity behaviour change, shortage of testing capacity and the choices for eradication versus living with infection. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33143660 | This article summarizes the environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including a strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a building environment. […] Close-contact aerosol transmission through smaller aerosolized particles is likely to be combined with respiratory droplets and contact transmission in a confined, crowded, and poorly ventilated indoor environment, as suggested by some cluster cases. […] Although evidence of the effect of aerosol transmission is limited and uncertainty remains, adequate preventive measures to control indoor environmental quality are required, based on a precautionary approach, because COVID-19 has caused serious global damages to public health, community, and the social economy. […] However, specific standards for indoor environmental quality control have not been recommended and many scientific uncertainties remain regarding the infection dynamics and mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed indoor spaces. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33143711 | There is no definite evidence on vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33143756 | Aerosol generation during temporal bone surgery caries the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33143782 | First, there could be super-spreaders in these distributions/networks and second, the Pareto principle could be valid in these distributions/networks regarding estimation that 20% of cases were responsible for 80% of local transmission. […] When we accept that these two points are valid, the distribution of transmission becomes a discrete Pareto distribution, which is a kind of power law. […] Having such a transmission distribution, then we can simulate COVID-19 networks and find super-spreaders using the centricity measurements in these networks. […] In this research, in the first we transformed a transmission distribution of statistics and epidemiology into a transmission network of network science and second we try to determine who the super-spreaders are by using this network and eigenvalue centrality measure. […] We underline that determination of transmission probability distribution is a very important point in the analysis of the epidemic and determining the precautions to be taken. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33143799 | The analysis is based on the daily transmission rate (DTR). | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144023 | During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic it is crucial for hospitals to implement infection prevention strategies to reduce nosocomial transmission to the lowest possible number. […] Nosocomial infection rate for COVID-19 and the risk for infection transmission estimated by the nosocomial incidence density before and after introduction the hygiene bundle were compared. […] The available data underline that a strict hygiene bundle seem to be associated with a decrease of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the pandemic situation. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144323 | One natural barrier for transmission of avian IAVs into humans is the specificity of the receptor-binding protein, hemagglutinin (HA), that recognizes sialic acid-containing glycans on host cells. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144575 | Our results suggest patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission may vary substantially even in nearby communities. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144632 | This strategy will help us to research the prevalence infected individuals and provide infected-status information to prevent the spread of the virus and nosocomial transmission. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144762 | Globally, countries have resorted to social distancing, travel restrictions and economic lockdowns to reduce transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144832 | The study uses Pearson’s correlation coefficient to account for the direct impact of population density on COVID-19 transmission rate. […] Response surface methodology approach is used to validate the correlation between density and transmission rate and spatiotemporal dynamics is highlighted using Thiessen polygon method. […] The analysis has found that COVID-19 transmission in four states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Telangana) strongly hinges upon the spatial distribution of population density. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33144889 | Nosocomial transmission and infections in medical personnel have been reported. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33145119 | The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33145296 | It is of immense importance for the prevention of virus transmission and treatment to clarify the distribution and expression of ACE2 in various tissues and organs of the body. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33145359 | The purpose of the present review was to evaluate the scientific literature on the no-touch disinfection procedures in dental clinics aiming to limit transmission via airborne particles or fomites using no-touch procedures for environmental decontamination of dental clinics. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33145693 | We conclude, based on the evidence showing a benefit for cloth masks and the recent reports supporting a role for aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, that cloth masks will be effective when used correctly. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33145973 | Uncertainty in the early pandemic has led to the fear of doing laparoscopic surgery with regard to the possibility of SARS-COV-2 transmission through surgical smoke. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146062 | The local level of community transmission, resources, and circumstances should dictate reopening dates. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146155 | To handle the current COVID-19 pandemic in India, multiple strategies have been applied and implemented to slow down the virus transmission. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146316 | Because dental professionals are in close contact with the main viral transmission routes, this study presents recommendations for management and protection during clinical dental care. […] The main characteristics and transmission routes of COVID-19 are also discussed. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146319 | We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cloth masks in reducing transmission and contamination by droplets and aerosols for the general population and healthcare workers. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146625 | To date, no confirmed transmission of the virus has been confirmed within a laboratory setting; however, operating processes and procedures should be adapted to ensure safe working of samples of positive, negative, or unknown COVID-19 status. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146723 | Along with significant case transmission, hospitalizations, and mortality experienced during the global Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, there existed a disruption in the delivery of health care across multiple specialties. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33146873 | It is of particular concern that asymptomatic individuals are potentially seed transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and pose a challenge to disease control. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33147163 | Each question was categorized into one of 6 topics: clinical signs and symptoms, treatment, transmission, cleaning methods, activity modification, and policy. […] The most common question topic was transmission (n=63, 31.5%), followed by clinical signs and symptoms (n=54, 27.0%) and activity modification (n=31, 15.5%). […] In the United States, the most commonly searched topics related to COVID-19 were transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, and activity modification. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33147164 | These results suggest that the transmission and impact of COVID-19 in a given population may be influenced by a number of variables, with demographic factors showing the most consistent association. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33147219 | This may contribute to transmission of the virus. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33147222 | Since the beginning of the year, the world’s attention has rightly been focused on the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the implementation of drastic mitigation strategies to limit disease transmission. […] Now more than ever, at a time when some governments are taking populations out of lockdown and youth are returning to schools, children around the world need to fully grasp the modes of transmission of the disease, the health risks, the scientific notions of the immune system, the value of barrier measures, and the progress of scientific research. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33147259 | New Zealand’s early response to the novel coronavirus pandemic included a strict lockdown which eliminated community transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-04 |
| 33147711 | suggests that SARS-CoV-19 transmission is diminished when strict lockdowns, contact tracing, and good public cooperation are implemented. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33147933 | Respiratory infectious diseases are more likely to cause outbreaks through droplet transmission. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33148254 | The authors of this research analysed 42 common dental procedures on the basis of known transmission risks. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33148440 | Indeed, in most cases the disease does not threaten the mother, and vertical transmission has not been clearly demonstrated. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33148753 | The mode of transmission is identified through airdrops from patients’ body fluids such as during sneezing, coughing and talking. […] However, the relative importance of environmental effects in the transmission of the virus has not been vastly studied. […] In addition, the role of temperature and humidity in air-borne transmission of infection is presently still unclear. […] This study aims to identify the effect of temperature, humidity and air quality in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33148778 | The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterised by significant in-hospital virus transmission and deaths among healthcare workers. […] Sources of in-hospital transmission are not fully understood, with special precautions currently reserved for procedures previously shown to generate aerosols (particles <5 μm). | 2020-11-05 |
| 33148977 | Early in the outbreak period, transplant societies recommended suspending living kidney transplant programs in communities with widespread transmission to avoid exposing recipients to increased risk of immunosuppression, while recommendations were made to reserve deceased-donor kidney transplantation for likely life-saving indications. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33149633 | This outcome coincides with the virus transmission time order that SARS-CoV-2 starts in China, then outbreaks in Europe and finally in the USA. […] The magnitude of nucleotide substitution distance of SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the transmission time order of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33149710 | The findings revealed that 95.5% of the participants had heard about the disease COVID-19 and realized common modes of transmission. […] Stigma and fear of isolation centers may prevent people from reporting the symptom of the disease and this can create favorable ground for the transmission. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33150106 | Understanding adherence to these guidelines will inform further efforts to reduce transmission. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33150219 | Considering the main symptoms of COVID-19 such as Fever, Cough, Fatigue, and Dyspnea can have a key role in early detection of this disease and prevent the transmission of the disease to other people. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33150405 | In the spring of 2020, US schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33150727 | Since it is very cheap and easy to make, it may be used as a disposable device to minimize airborne transmission especially when commercial VHC is not available. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33150978 | Fecal-oral transmission route is a potential risk for transmission. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151050 | Tissue from four COVID-19 positive autopsy cases and a live seroconverted patient was imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151135 | We performed a population-based observational study to characterize the viral RNA level and serum antibody responses in recurrent-positive patients and evaluate their viral transmission risk. […] Recurrent-positive patients pose a low transmission risk, a relatively relaxed management of recovered COVID-19 patients is recommended. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151180 | Though fetal/neonatal complication rates may be higher in the presence of COVID-19 infection, survival rates seem unaffected and vertical transmission is rare. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151191 | SARS CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has shown the ability to become aerosolized with a potential airborne route of transmission. […] In a statement on interim guidance, WHO recommended that all routine dental procedures be delayed until COVID-19 transmission rates decrease from community transmission to cluster cases and until the risk of transmission in a dental office can be studied and evaluated. […] By utilizing screening questionnaires, performing enhanced infection control, and having appropriate personal protective equipment, these dental offices were able to record no transmission of COVID-19 to the dental healthcare workers or patients during the study. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151893 | In this paper, we present data on the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of the disease and discuss how the South Korean government, health care providers, and society responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151915 | This methodology has been used to supplement contact tracing investigations for tuberculosis and to understand how social networks contribute to transmission of sexually transmitted infections (3-5). […] Among 103,701 shared-shift connections among staff members, 1.4% occurred between persons with COVID-19, a percentage that is significantly higher than the expected 0.9% by random occurrence alone (p<0.001), suggesting that additional transmission occurred within this group. […] The observed connections among detained persons with COVID-19 were significantly lower than expected (1.0% versus 1.1%, p<0.001) when considering only the housing units in which initial transmission occurred, suggesting that the systematic isolation of persons with COVID-19 is effective at limiting transmission. […] A network-informed approach can identify likely points of high transmission, allowing for interventions to reduce transmission targeted at these groups or locations, such as by reducing convening of staff members, closing breakrooms, and cessation of contact sports. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33151953 | Transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 are aerosol, droplet and touching infected material. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33152190 | Amid the global pandemic crisis, international concern has centered on the control and prevention measures aimed at reducing the speed of the virus transmission while a more radical sanitary measure, such as vaccines, is achieved. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33152198 | To confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on cultures we used qRT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assay, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and next-generation sequencing. […] Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images obtained from infected cells showed the presence of structures compatible with SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33152200 | Asymptomatic patients have been described as potential sources of transmission. […] However, there are difficulties to detect them and to establish their role in the dynamics of virus transmission, which hinders the implementation of prevention strategies.Objective: To describe the behavior of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a cohort of workers at the El Dorado “Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento” International Airport in Bogotá, Colombia. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33152202 | The risk of aerosol transmission and the clinical uncertainties about the efficacy, the potential sequelae, and the circumstances that could justify limiting this procedure during the pandemic have multiplied the ethical doubts on how to proceed in these cases.Based on ethical and legal grounds, this paper offers a practical guide on how to proceed in the clinical setting in cases of cardiopulmonary arrest during the pandemic. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33152271 | The proportion of asymptomatic carriers and transmission risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among household and non-household contacts remains unclear. […] In Singapore, extensive contact tracing by the Ministry of Health for every diagnosed COVID-19 case, and legally enforced quarantine and intensive health surveillance of close contacts provided a rare opportunity to determine asymptomatic attack rates and SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors among community close contacts of patients with COVID-19. […] Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors. […] Sharing a bedroom (multivariable odds ratio [OR] 5·38 [95% CI 1·82-15·84]; p=0·0023) and being spoken to by an index case for 30 min or longer (7·86 [3·86-16·02]; p<0·0001) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission among household contacts. […] Among non-household contacts, exposure to more than one case (multivariable OR 3·92 [95% CI 2·07-7·40], p<0·0001), being spoken to by an index case for 30 min or longer (2·67 [1·21-5·88]; p=0·015), and sharing a vehicle with an index case (3·07 [1·55-6·08]; p=0·0013) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] Among both household and non-household contacts, indirect contact, meal sharing, and lavatory co-usage were not independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33152446 | In a parallel fashion, there is a significant body of ongoing research related to the risk of in utero viral transmission and the resulting neurodevelopmental impact in the fetus. […] Aberrant neurodevelopment secondary to viral transmission has previously been related to the later development of psychosis, schizophrenia, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, generating the hypothesis that this population of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 may see an increased incidence in future decades. […] We discuss the current understanding of the possible neurotropism and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and relate this to the history of viral pandemics to better understand the relationship of viral infection, aberrant immune response and neurodevelopment, and the risk for schizophrenia disorder. | 2020-11-05 |
| 33153155 | The role of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viruses in airborne transmission of COVID-19 has been debated. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33153744 | Fecal-oral transmission is considered also as a potential route of transmission since several scientists confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces of infected patients, therefore its transmission via feces in aquatic environment, particularly hospital wastewater. […] The knowledge of the detection and survival of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and hospital wastewater were described to understand the different routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, which is also useful to avoid the outbreak of CoV-19. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154136 | Data from the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh provide a detailed view into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission pathways and mortality in a high-incidence setting. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154233 | The continuous positive detection of the viral RNA from faeces in children even after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative suggests that the GI tract may shed virus and a tentative faecal-oral transmission. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154251 | In the absence of effective treatment or vaccine, the current strategy for the prevention of further transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is early diagnosis and isolation of cases. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154277 | A myriad of transmission routes have been documented, however established thus far, are respiratory droplet, contact and airborne transmissions. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154278 | The doubling time, transmission rates were inferred from these trends and the epidemiological curve generated was reviewed vis-a-vis the instituted government policies over the specified period. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154279 | This followed the evidence of community transmission of coronavirus disease in the twenty Local Government Areas in Lagos State. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154612 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 occurs through exhaled respiratory droplets from infected humans. […] Currently, however, there is much controversy over whether respiratory aerosol microdroplets play an important role as a route of transmission. […] In line with this, our study of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that aerosol transmission is a possible but perhaps not a very efficient route, in particular from non-symptomatic or mildly symptomatic individuals that exhibit low viral loads. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154661 | Because it is a novel pathogen, limited information is available to characterize the spectrum of clinical illness, transmission efficiency, and the duration of viral shedding for patients with COVID-19. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154710 | Following the pandemic of COVID-19, there is a major shift of practices among surgical departments in response to an unprecedented surge in reducing the transmission of disease. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33154801 | Therefore, the aim of this review was to present a new proposal for a care protocol in Peruvian Dentistry: Provisional review of the diagnosis, treatment, epidemiological characteristics, routes of transmission and recommendations of COVID-19. […] The Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT: “Covid-19” “Dental” "Routes of transmission. […] COVID-19, dentistry, Peru, protocol, routes of transmission. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33155247 | We presented the faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, gut microbiota imbalance, and fecal microbiota transplantation as a hidden source of this virus. […] Recent several studies have revealed a new SARS-CoV-2 transmission possibility, opening a fresh view on COVID-19. […] It is observed the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via faecal-oral route. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33156061 | Medical centers rapidly implemented systems to minimize perioperative transmission, including routine preoperative testing, patient isolation, and enhanced cleaning. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33157104 | These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33157180 | In the current COVID-19 pandemic, aggressive Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures have been adopted to prevent health care-associated transmission of COVID-19. […] Multimodal IPC strategies can be implemented at scale to successfully mitigate health care-associated transmission of RVIs. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33157216 | SARS-CoV-2 mimics the influenza virus regarding methods and modes of transmission, clinical features, related immune responses, and seasonal coincidence. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33157295 | To achieve such a goal, it is important to have epidemiological surveillance to retrieve data about its routes of transmission and dispersion. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33157338 | Grafts were procured from a donation after circulatory death donor in an uncontrolled setting and a donor-recipient transmission was possible. […] Donor-recipient transmission is conceivable, but the risk should be assessed with respect to waiting list mortality. | 2020-11-06 |
| 33158231 | It may be used in conjunction with COVID-19 testing to measure interactions between social distancing factors and transmission. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33158234 | Transmission is majorly by individual-to-individual through coughing, sneezing, etc. […] This review presents an updated detailed overview of COVID-19 and the virus, concerning its structure, epidemiology, symptoms and transmission, immune responses, and current interventions, and highlights the potential of TCM. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33158276 | Binding to the host receptor is a critical initial step for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to enter into target cells and trigger virus transmission. […] Different from other computational studies, we systematically examine the molecular and energetic determinants of the binding mechanisms between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 proteins through the lens of coevolution, conformational dynamics, and allosteric interactions that conspire to drive binding interactions and signal transmission. […] The central findings of this study are consistent with structural and biochemical data and highlight drug discovery challenges of inhibiting large and adaptive protein-protein interfaces responsible for virus entry and infection transmission. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33158911 | We use observations of reported infections and deaths, human mobility data, and a metapopulation transmission model to quantify changes in disease transmission rates in U.S. counties from 15 March to 3 May 2020. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33159836 | Extraordinary steps have been taken to alleviate the current quick transmission of the Jordanian COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33159997 | The use of syndromic surveillance to detect ARI clusters amongst HCWs in the COVID-19 pandemic may enable early case detection and prevent onward transmission. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33160066 | As there is a very low possibility of transmission after 10 days of symptom occurrence, it may be considered to release isolation after 10 days of symptom occurrence in limited resource situations. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33160088 | This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of those measures on reducing transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a community setting. | 2020-11-07 |
| 33160419 | This has resulted in serious delays in resuscitation response.ILCOR has recently modified its guidelines to separate defibrillation from other interventions, recognizing that shock success is extremely time-dependent and that defibrillation poses relatively little risk of Covid-19 transmission. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33160423 | The lockdown seems to have been effective in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, serious COVID-19 disease, and associated mortality, thus decreasing demand on health services. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33160659 | Thus, we indicate the potential for reverse zoonotic transmission of COVID-19 and its impact on marine wildlife; impacts that can be mitigated with appropriate action to prevent further damage to these vulnerable populations. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33160867 | Despite the lack of evidence, there is heightened concern about the potential risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the form of aerosolized respiratory droplets during the nebulized treatment of patients with COVID-19. […] In this commentary, the lack of evidence regarding nebulization and transmission of coronaviruses are discussed. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33161149 | This remarkable difference between the two temperatures suggests that virus vitality can be influenced by the environmental temperature and that the hot season could reduce the probability of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33161424 | Our findings suggest that the public health measures implemented to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission significantly reduced the transmission of other respiratory viruses. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33161443 | With the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medical providers should take care to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals including super-spreading. […] Understanding super-spreading would be useful to reduce future transmission. […] Aerosol can be considered as a primary transmission route. | 2020-11-08 |
| 33161606 | Prior studies have shown transmission of viruses and bacteria via plume (i.e., HIV and papillomavirus). | 2020-11-08 |
| 33161739 | The theory of subsequent human to human transmission became evident once global epidemiological reporting of COVID infection was established. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33161808 | The efficacy of these practices in preventing transmission of COVID-19 from patients to first responders is unclear. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33161824 | The possibility of potential faecal-oral transmission was investigated in this study. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162107 | Precipitous drops in child maltreatment reporting and child welfare interventions coincided with social distancing policies designed to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162141 | We found that maximum wind speed had significant negative impact on COVID-19 transmission in India (-209.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): -369.13, -49.77) and Sri Lanka (-2.77, 95% CI: -4.77, -0.77). […] In conclusion, maximum wind speed, rainfall, air pollutants (maximum PM 2.5) and temperature are four variables that could play a vital role in the transmission of COVID-19. […] Although there is a mixed conclusion regarding weather parameters and COVID-19 transmission, we recommend developing environmental policies regarding the transmission of COVID-19 in South Asian countries. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162142 | SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus with a suggested zoonotic origin with the potential for cross-species transmission among animals. […] Therefore, concerns have been expressed regarding the potential human introduction of this virus to the continent through the activities of research or tourism to minimise the effects on human health, and the potential for virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife. […] We assess the reverse-zoonotic transmission risk to Antarctic wildlife by considering the available information on host susceptibility, dynamics of the infection in humans, and contact interactions between humans and Antarctic wildlife. […] Indoor spaces such as those at research stations, research vessels or tourist cruise ships could allow for more transmission among humans and depending on their movements between different locations the virus could be spread across the continent. […] Field researchers handling animals are identified as the human group posing the highest risk of transmission to animals while tourists and other personnel pose a significant risk only when in close proximity (< 5 m) to Antarctic fauna. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162198 | The first was designed to exploit the “identifiable victim” effect by highlighting the risk of transmission to identifiable vulnerable persons. […] The second sought to counteract intuitive underestimation of exponential transmission. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162266 | Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible but has not been conclusively proven. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162358 | Accurate and timely transmission of medical records between skilled nursing facilities and acute care settings has been logistically problematic. […] The COVID-19 pandemic has further magnified this problem by the possibility of viral transmission via fomites. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162619 | The results show that the effect of media coverage on COVID-19 transmission in China had an inverse-U curvature and was mediated by within- and across-province population mobility. […] Our results also provide strong support for the use of contact tracing in mitigating COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162646 | The early diagnosis of COVID-19 is complicated by its strong transmission characteristics and no obvious symptoms in the incubation period. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33162722 | However, its transmission has been proved to be unstoppable and the absence of an effective drug makes the situation worse. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163323 | Findings from this study present a practical approach for applying SDN in telemedicine to provide appropriate bandwidth and facilitate real time transmission of medical data. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163599 | To curb the viral transmission, travel restrictions have been enforced across the world. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163618 | We studied the process of false information transmission by malicious agents, in the context of a disease pandemic based on data for the COVID-19 emergency in Italy. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163669 | Due to its airborne transmission, aerosols created by natural activities and during dental treatment of infected individuals have become a potential vehicle of transmission and threat. […] The objective of this review was to assess the existing infection control measures taken in dental health-care settings and suggest modifications to reduce the transmission of novel coronavirus. […] Infection control measures in dentistry are designed to minimise cross transmission mainly of blood borne pathogens. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163695 | This novel virus shows high transmission and adaptability frequency into the host with rapid changes in genomic sequences. […] Identification of the evolutionary history, parsimony-informative sites and others genetic variations of this deadly virus will facilitate the development of new strategies to control the local transmission and provide deep insight in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for controlling COVID-19. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163738 | The model unknowns are taken to be: the time-varying transmission rate, the fraction of exposed cases that require hospitalization, and the time-varying detection probabilities of new asymptomatic and symptomatic cases. […] Given a noiseless measurement of the recovered population, excellent estimates of all quantities are obtained using a temporal baseline of 101 days, with the exception of the time-varying transmission rate at times prior to the implementation of social distancing. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163739 | However, while generation time must be positive by definition, serial interval can be negative if transmission can occur before symptoms, such as in covid-19, rendering such an approximation improper in some contexts. ) for covid-19 in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada using: negative-permitting versus non-negative serial interval distributions, versus the inferred generation time distribution. ) due to larger variance. ) may result in over or underestimation of transmission potential, respectively. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33163984 | Transmission in children with virus-positive family members was 35%. 47% of positive children were asymptomatic. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33164022 | Household transmission accounted for 95% of cases. […] The high proportion of asymptomatic infected children coupled with household transmission as the main source of paediatric COVID-19 infection underscores the importance of early screening and isolation of children upon detection of an index case of COVID-19 in a household. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33164094 | A high-efficiency particulate air filter mounted double-bottle technique was used to prevent viral transmission. […] Still, our main goal was to present our experience with patients with pleural complications and describe a new drainage technique to prevent viral transmission during chest tube application and follow-up. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33164606 | An in-depth understanding of LF and other soluble mammalian milk-derived innate antiviral factors may provide insights to reduce co-morbidities and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may lead to the development of effective nutraceutical supplements. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33164751 | Knowledge of the entry receptor is key to understand SARS-CoV-2 tropism, transmission and pathogenesis. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33164890 | Finally, our overall research indicates that the impact of temperature and demographic factors on virus transmission may be characterized using a stochastic transmission model. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33165236 | With the resumption of elective ophthalmic surgery during COVID-19, revised protocols were mandated to protect both staff and patients from transmission while increasing case numbers. […] A single-center review of protocols and practices designed to limit COVID-19 transmission. […] As recommendations change on the basis of an increased understanding of the COVID-19 virus, ophthalmologists and ASC staff need to tailor protocols and workflows to limit transmission of virus with resumption of ocular surgery. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33165246 | The lockdown is an effective way to reduce the transmission of the COVID-19, the hospital usage and occupation. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33165372 | Considering the physical distancing; travel restrictions; the high human-human transmission rate; misinformation and uncertainty about the sexual routes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2; and fear about intimacy, sexuality, and safe sexual practices have increased significantly. […] Although sexual abstinence is the safest practice to prevent transmission, it is not practically feasible in all cases. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33166098 | To report the clinical characteristics and transmission rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a community inpatient long-term care psychiatric rehabilitation facility designed for persons with serious mental illness to provide insight into transmission and symptom patterns and emerging testing protocols, as well as medical complications and prognosis. […] Research is needed to determine optimal strategies for long-term care mental health settings that incorporate frequent testing and personal protective equipment use to prevent rapid transmission of SARS-COV-2. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33166294 | Here, we modeled stability of SARS-CoV-2 on skin, paper currency, and clothing to determine if these surfaces may factor in the fomite transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. […] Furthermore, virus stability on skin demonstrates the need for continued hand hygiene practices to minimize fomite transmission both in the general population as well as in workplaces where close contact is common. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33166344 | The transmission rate estimates were 1.67 (95% credible interval (CrI), 1.64-1.71), 2.83 (2.72-2.85), 1.91 (1.84-1.98), and 1.89 (1.82-1.96) for Italy, Spain, Germany, and France, corresponding to the basic reproduction numbers (R0) 3.44 (3.35-3.54), 6.25 (5.97-6.55), 4.03 (3.84-4.23), and 4.00 (3.82-4.19), respectively. | 2020-11-09 |
| 33167796 | Despite the lack of evidence, there is heightened concern about the potential risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the form of aerosolized respiratory droplets during the nebulized treatment of patients with COVID-19. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33167846 | Until now, no evidence is documented regarding its wild animal reservoir or intermediary host, but, human-to-human transmission, asymptomatic carriers were very much observed. […] In this review, we have discussed the updates on transmission, diagnosis, genome analysis and comparison, treatment options and clinical trials of COVID-19. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33168723 | Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been employed to reduce the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet these measures are already having similar effects on other directly transmitted, endemic diseases. […] Disruptions to the seasonal transmission patterns of these diseases may have consequences for the timing and severity of future outbreaks. […] Using laboratory surveillance data from 2020, we estimate that RSV transmission declined by at least 20% in the United States at the start of the NPI period. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33168955 | Large events and gatherings, particularly those taking place indoors, have been linked to multitransmission events that have accelerated the pandemic spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-11-10 |
| 33169049 | Due to high speed transmission of COVID-19, we have to observe personal and social health issues such as social distancing and staying at home. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33169085 | However, due to several lapses, there was a threat of community transmission; this was swiftly brought under control through ongoing government interventions. […] Thus, strict social/physical distancing measures enforced by the government, together with an increase in testing capacity, prevented widespread community transmission. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33169095 | The risk of transmission of respiratory viruses including COVID-19 is particularly high due to the overcrowding conditions at the Hajj and Umrah. […] A clear relation between early suspension of religious mass gatherings and lower occurrence of COVID-19 transmission in countries that took such measures promptly was noticed. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33169103 | Conscious of the many challenges presented in settings with abundance of resources and with robust health systems, where mortality has been significant and transmission difficult to control, there was a logical concern to see how the virus could impact African countries, and their fragile and weak health systems. […] Such an anticipated “tsunami”, with potentially devastating consequences, seems however to not have yet arrived, and African countries, albeit witnessing an increasing degree of autochthonous transmission, seem to this day relatively unaffected by the pandemic. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33169249 | Nine days later in Brazil, community transmission was deemed ongoing, and following what was already being put in place in various affected countries, restrictive and physical distancing measures that varied in severity across the different states were adopted. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33170798 | Apps that enable contact-tracing are instrumental in mitigating the transmission of COVID-19, but there have been concerns among users about the data collected by these apps and their management. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33170889 | The rapid spread of the virus at a global scale highlights the need for a more harmonized, less privacy-concerning, easily accessible approach to monitoring the human mobility that has proven to be associated with viral transmission. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33170982 | There is uncertainty about the safety of kidney transplantation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to the risk of donor transmission, nosocomial infection and immunosuppression use. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33171120 | The rapid transmission tendency, severity, and wide geographical spread of newly emerged novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in different environmental matrices, including water, air, and soil, has posed severe health, environmental, energy, and economic challenges worldwide. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33171544 | COVID-19 has a stronger transmission capacity by inhalation of infectious aerosols and after an incubation time of 3-14 days, it may be responsible for diseases ranging from the asymptomatic to fatal consequences. | 2020-11-10 |
| 33171843 | High compliance in wearing a mask is a crucial factor for stopping the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172342 | This virus is capable of human-to-human transmission, and is spreading rapidly round the globe, with markedly high fatality rates. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172466 | COVID-19 related guidelines and movement restrictions are designed to protect the public’s health and reduce disease transmission; yet, COVID-19 related restrictions on movement including social distancing, isolation, quarantine, and shelter-in-place orders have an unknown effect on violence and abuse within relationships. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172735 | Most questions contained doubts (n = 230), especially on how to prevent person-to-person transmission (n = 40) and how to proceed in case of symptoms (n = 37). […] Concerns and fears were also very commonly expressed (n = 144), mostly about which persons could be considered vulnerable (n = 53) and how to prevent transmission during daily life or normal activities (n = 37). […] As the pandemic evolved and suppression measures were put in place, doubts moved to concerns of vulnerability, quarantine and social isolation, and to doubts about transmission, transmission prevention, and on how to proceed in case of symptoms. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172767 | In the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic era, it is essential to rule out COVID-19 effectively to prevent transmission in both communities and medical facilities. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172917 | MSM in our survey substantially reduced sexual contact with non-steady partners during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown, suggesting that the risk for HIV and STI transmission in this period was low. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172935 | Despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance, and immediate culling of animals in affected farms, transmission occurred between mink farms in three large transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. […] Individuals for which whole genomes were available were shown to have been infected with strains with an animal sequence signature, providing evidence of animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within mink farms. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33172993 | For effective pandemic mitigation strategies, it is critical that models encompass both spatiotemporal heterogeneity in transmission and movement. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33173256 | The versatile and computationally attractive FATE™ facility software package for analyzing the transient behavior of facilities during normal and off-normal conditions is applied to the problem of SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission in single-and multi-room facilities. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33173449 | Disinfection is a common practice to inhibit pathogens, yet success is limited by microbial adaptation and our poor knowledge of viral transmission, notably in the current COVID-19 pandemic. […] Here, high public circulation in shared passenger vehicles such as taxis, buses and personal cars represents a major risk of viral transmission due to confined space and commonly touched surfaces. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33173650 | Having a mode of transmission as a droplet mode, several studies have supported how the nose can contain the primary route of entry of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33173796 | Most importantly, this reduces the risk of future zoonotic transmission while also safeguarding resources for those Indigenous Peoples and local communities who rely on wild meat to meet their nutritional requirements. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33173827 | As a result, it provides huge amount of information from which latent signals such as sentiments can be mined for a better understanding of COVID-19 transmission patterns. […] Our preliminary investigation paves the way for a finer-grained analysis of the COVID-19 transmission and social media activities by considering varying situations across states and topics. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33173857 | General anaesthesia involves aerosol-generating procedures which, in the context of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, increases the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission from patients to staff. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174109 | Key Points • Patients on treatment for rheumatic disorders showed a trend for lower incidence of COVID-19 transmission irrespective of shielding letter status • This could potentially be because of prior education regarding infection risk received when starting on disease-modifying medication • Health education influencing health protection behaviours may be of equal or more importance than shielding information in reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174159 | To prevent transmission of the virus, meticulous hygiene measures are important. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174266 | Given the current lack of a therapeutic vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), preventive measures including mask wearing are crucial in slowing the transmission of cases. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174324 | No transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported from the six donors to recipients, procurement teams, or hospital personnel. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174539 | The disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose transmission mechanism most relevant to dentistry is through respiratory droplets and possibly also aerosols, as well as direct contact with mucous membranes of the nose, mouth or eye via contaminated hands or objects. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174650 | Routine imaging studies have been discouraged due to elevated transmission risk. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174918 | In addition, the use of information and communication technology tools has become more prominent in the transmission of health information to patients remotely. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174963 | Even though most current recommendations include the general use of masks to prevent community transmission of SARS-Cov-2, the effectiveness of this measure is still debated. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33174993 | to describe the occurrence of COVID-19 and the health services used by elderly individuals living by themselves; identify the knowledge held by elderly individuals regarding the transmission, signs and symptoms of COVID-19, as well as factors associated with poor knowledge of preventive measures according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. cross-sectional survey conducted by telephone or mobile with 123 elderly individuals living by themselves in the Health Macro-Region of Triângulo Sul in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175029 | As such, face-to-face attendance has dropped dramatically, even for child vaccination, due to measures of social distancing to mitigate the transmission of the virus. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175466 | Immediate changes have occurred in the way SRLs operate due to potential virus transmission and in line with this new “Best Practices” have been established, that is,social distancing, remote working, and technology-based meetings and training. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175693 | Between the announcement of pneumonia and respiratory illness of unknown origin in late December 2019 and the discovery of human-to-human transmission on January 20, 2020, we observed a high volume of public anxiety and confusion about COVID-19, including different reactions to the news by users, negative sentiment after being exposed to information, and public reaction that translated to self-reported behavior. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175702 | The novel coronavirus has become a global risk because of its massive transmission and high rates of mutation. […] Significant morbidity and mortality have been observed for the quick transmission of this virus since March 8, 2020. […] In doing so, it summarizes the origin of coronavirus, epidemiology, mode of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the disease. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175704 | The predominant route of virus transmission is through direct contact with an infected individual or respiratory droplets, therefore, all dental procedures with aerosol-formation pose an extremely high risk for the spread of infection. […] The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current epidemiological situation, routes of transmission, and specific recommendations for dental practices including patient screening and triage, infection control, and treatment protocols. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175706 | Sharing a common land border with China, Vietnam has faced a high risk of transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-11-11 |
| 33175914 | The coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is now a global concern because of its higher transmission capacity and associated adverse consequences including death. […] The reproductive number of coronavirus provides an estimate of the possible extent of the transmission. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33176028 | Polio vaccination campaigns need to resume immediately, so we suggest applying social distancing measures along with standard operating procedure to flatten the transmission curve of COVID-19. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33176077 | Transmission was facilitated by close-quarters conditions and by asymptomatic and presymptomatic infected crew members. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33176093 | The efficacy of public health measures to control the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been well studied in young adults. […] Analysis of 36 SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from 32 participants revealed six transmission clusters among 18 participants. […] Epidemiologic analysis supported multiple local transmission events, including transmission between roommates and among recruits within the same platoon. […] Transmission clusters occurred within platoons. | 2020-11-11 |
| 33176402 | Tracheostomy is an essential procedure in critically ill COVID-19 patients; however, it is an aerosol-generating technique and thus carries the risk of infection transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33176771 | Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 are required to control the current outbreak. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177237 | In this paper, we use agent-based simulations of a network-based susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model to investigate two network intervention strategies for mitigating the spread of transmission while maintaining economic activities. […] The simulation results show that the dividing groups strategy substantially reduces transmission, and the joint implementation of the two strategies could effectively bring the spread of transmission under control (i.e., effective reproduction number ≈ 1.0). | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177396 | The application of a clear and integrated algorithm for operating room team members aids in effective personal protective equipment facilitation to keep both healthcare providers and patients safe as well as to prevent hospital-based transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177507 | This model is calibrated to match key characteristics of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177563 | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in central ventilation systems, distant from patient areas, indicate that virus can be transported long distances and that droplet transmission alone cannot reasonably explain this, especially considering the relatively low air change rates in these wards. […] Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 must be taken into consideration for preventive measures. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177805 | Nearly 87% of the surgeons agreed that lacrimal procedures were associated with a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] The survey showed that there was a general agreement among the surveyed oculoplastic surgeons in the Asia-Pacific region that lacrimal procedures were associated with a high risk of COVID-19 transmission and over 85% of them of had either stopped performing elective lacrimal surgeries altogether or were providing only emergent care. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177903 | Hand hygiene is one of the least expensive measures proven to be effective in preventing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-11-12 |
| 33177904 | We assess respiratory needs over the course of mild, moderate and severe epidemic scenarios within Singapore as a case study using a transmission dynamic model. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33178026 | We demonstrated that to fill in the response gap between appropriate treatment and commercially available vaccine, repurposing natural products and herbal medicines as prophylactic will be a vigorous approach to stop or at least slow down SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33178332 | In this paper, we present a deterministic model to describe the impact of social distancing on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in South Africa. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33178660 | There was no COVID-19-related fatality and no healthcare professional inter-transmission as of June 25, 2020. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33178977 | We describe our radiology department’s experience in modifying operational practices and implementing strict infection control measures aimed at minimizing disease transmission and mitigating the potential impact of possible staff infection. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33179534 | The cutaneous lesions have potential for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and prevention of disease transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33179934 | One of the major challenges in controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is its asymptomatic transmission. […] Moreover, we show a global decaying tendency of the 11083G>T mutation ratio indicating that 11083G>T hinders the SARS-CoV-2 transmission capacity. […] This assessment is in good agreement with our genotyping of the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission across various countries and regions over the past few months. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180132 | Direct COVID-19 mortality and potential increases in mortality that might have resulted if school opening led to increased transmission of COVID-19 were also estimated. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180244 | Although previous data revealed characteristics of GI symptoms in COVID-19, for patients with only GI symptoms onset, their diagnostic process and potential transmission risk are still unclear. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180423 | Travel-associated cases were reported in many other countries leading to epidemic transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180752 | Large indoor gatherings pose a high risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and have the potential to be super-spreading events (1,2). […] Such events are associated with explosive growth, followed by sustained transmission (3). […] In addition to the community outbreak, secondary and tertiary transmission led to outbreaks at a long-term care facility 100 miles away and at a correctional facility approximately 200 miles away. […] To reduce transmission, persons should avoid large gatherings, practice physical distancing, wear masks, stay home when ill, and self-quarantine after exposure to a person with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180753 | To help reduce the ongoing transmission risk in a community, state and county health department staff members and community leaders need to work together to develop, deliver, and promote culturally responsive health education messages to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission and ensure that access to testing services is timely and convenient. […] Understanding the dynamics of close-knit communities is crucial to reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180757 | Mitigation measures, including stay-at-home orders and public mask wearing, together with routine public health interventions such as case investigation with contact tracing and immediate self-quarantine after exposure, are recommended to prevent and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1-3). […] The state responded to ongoing community transmission with investigation of all identified cases (commencing March 11), issuance of statewide stay-at-home orders (March 24-June 1), a statewide public mask mandate (from April 28), and contact tracing (starting May 12). | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180758 | Department of Homeland Security (DHS), CDC instituted an enhanced entry risk assessment and management (screening) program for air passengers arriving from certain countries with widespread, sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Because SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission can occur in the absence of symptoms and because the symptoms of COVID-19 are nonspecific, symptom-based screening programs are ineffective for case detection. […] Incorporating health attestations, predeparture and postarrival testing, and a period of limited movement after higher-risk travel, might reduce risk for transmission during travel and translocation of SARS-CoV-2 between geographic areas and help guide more individualized postarrival recommendations. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180773 | The basic reproduction number, which has been widely used-appropriately and less appropriately-to characterize the transmissibility of the virus, hides the fact that transmission is stochastic, often dominated by a small number of individuals, and heavily influenced by superspreading events (SSEs). […] The distinct transmission features of SARS-CoV-2, e.g., high stochasticity under low prevalence (as compared to other pathogens, such as influenza), and the central role played by SSEs on transmission dynamics cannot be overlooked. […] These SSEs demonstrate the urgent need to understand routes of transmission, while posing an opportunity to effectively contain outbreaks with targeted interventions to eliminate SSEs. […] Here, we describe the different types of SSEs, how they influence transmission, empirical evidence for their role in the COVID-19 pandemic, and give recommendations for control of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180782 | The prevalence of such antibodies among healthcare workers, presumed at higher risk for infection, has been increasingly investigated, more studies are needed to better understand the risks and infection transmission in different healthcare settings. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33180807 | In contrast, care home staff expressed an urgency for screening at the front door to protect high-risk residents and limit transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33181033 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, many intensive care units have shifted communication with patients’ families toward chiefly telehealth methods (phone and video) to reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33181124 | We aimed to describe the incidence, characteristics, transmission, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates who received inpatient hospital care in the UK. […] Infection with neonatal admission following birth to a mother with perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was unlikely, and possible vertical transmission rare, supporting international guidance to avoid separation of mother and baby. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33181330 | We aimed to estimate the time-varying transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in China, Wuhan City, and Guangdong province, and compare to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). ) of COVID-19 and SARS. curve saw fluctuations with more than one peak, the highest peak was lower than that for COVID-19. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33181410 | At the same time, the application of measures to tackle SARS-CoV-2 transmission leads to changes in the exposome components and in characteristics of urban environments that define the urban exposome, a complementary concept to the human exposome, which focuses on monitoring urban health. | 2020-11-12 |
| 33181874 | Respondents had a fair idea about symptoms of COVID-19, mode of transmission and safety precautions. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33182011 | Nowadays, there is an important controversy about coronavirus air transmission. […] The aim of this study was to determine aerosol transmission from patients with coronavirus infection using “COVID-19 traps” that included different untouched surfaces within them. 42 swab samples of 6 different surfaces placed in the rooms of 6 patients with a positive diagnostic of COVID-19 were analyzed with RT-PCR technique to evaluate the presence of the virus and its stability. […] Surfaces could not be touched by patients or health workers, so viral spreading was unequivocally produced by air transmission. […] Thus, fomites should be considered as a possible mode of transmission of coronavirus and frequent disinfection of surfaces should be taken into account. […] Our results, although preliminary, point the importance of SARS-CoV-2 virus air transmission indoors and may shed some light in this debate. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33182015 | This study also identified wastewater irrigation systems with a higher risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33182262 | The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that understanding the genomics of a virus, diagnostics and breaking virus transmission is essential in managing viral pandemics. […] Most plant viruses are insect-vectored, hence, biological insights on virus transmission are vital in modelling disease spread. […] There is fledgling research into plant-virus-vector interactions to inform modelling of viral transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33182653 | The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible viral illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, considering its remarkable transmission speed worldwide. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33182802 | The multi-system nature of such viral infection is a witness to the exploitation and impairment of ubiquitous subcellular and metabolic pathways for the sake of its life-cycle, ranging from host cell invasion, replication, transmission, up to a cytopathic effect and overt systemic inflammation. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33183090 | Further research is needed to understand causation in these relationships and to assist in successful message transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33183128 | The global burden of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic on the healthcare system, as well as the high transmission risk of coronavirus disease has led to the use of alternative strategies for evaluation of children with chronic conditions. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33183367 | The implications of our findings include the importance of adopting public health measures such as social distancing and inefficiency of contact tracing to interrupt epidemic transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33183368 | In this report, we describe 3 clusters of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers (HCWs), not associated with patient exposure, and the interventions undertaken to halt ongoing exposure and transmission at our cancer center. […] The initial cluster involved HCWs from an ancillary services unit, with contacts traced back to a gathering in a break room in which 1 employee was symptomatic, although not yet diagnosed with COVID-19, with subsequent transmission to 7 employees. […] The third cluster involved only 2 employees with possible transmission while working in the same office at the same time. […] No nosocomial transmission to patients transpired. […] To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hospital-based cluster of COVID-19 infections among HCWs in a cancer hospital describing our steps to mitigate further transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33183846 | The attitudinal barriers to prevention of transmission of coronavirus diseases 2019 are more prominent than physical prevention barriers after the peak of coronavirus diseases 2019. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33184236 | These data show that the D614G substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, competitive fitness, and transmission in primary human cells and animal models. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33184316 | With these magnitudes of reduction, far-UVC lighting could be employed to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission before the onset of future waves, or the start of winter when risks of infection are higher. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33184480 | Introduction Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through aerosol has been suggested, particularly in the presence of highly concentrated aerosols in enclosed environments. […] There has been little agreement concerning aerosol transmission associated with orthodontics and associated mitigation.Methods Orthodontic procedures were simulated in a closed side-surgery using a dental manikin on an acrylic model using composite-based adhesive. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33184655 | The goals of this review are to identify the in-flight transmission risks of commercial air travel, provide recommendations about the risks of flying during the pandemic and propose strategies to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. […] Proximity to an index case may contribute to the risk of transmission more than the seat type or location. […] The use of face masks has significantly reduced onboard transmission, and mandatory in-flight mask-wearing policies are being enforced. […] In-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a real risk, which may be minimized by combining mitigation strategies and infection prevention measures including mandatory masking onboard, minimizing unmasked time while eating, turning on gasper airflow in-flight, frequent hand sanitizing, disinfecting high touch surfaces, promoting distancing while boarding and deplaning, limiting onboard passenger movement, implementing effective pre-flight screening measures and enhancing contact tracing capability. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33184730 | What is new: •Vertical transmission is a possible route of infection in neonates. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33185064 | The implementation of schistosomiasis control activities assignment, human schistosomiasis examination and treatment, snail control with chemical treatment and health education reduced by 44.26% to 91.56% as compared to 2019 during the same time period, and the schistosomiasis control program was more affected by COVID-19 in transmission-controlled provinces. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33185145 | We review mechanistic models, which test hypotheses of the transmission dynamics that underpin viral maintenance in bat systems. […] The vast majority of studies has modelled bat virus transmission dynamics at the population level, though a few nested within-host models of viral pathogenesis in population-level frameworks, and one study focused on purely within-host dynamics. […] Within the data fitted subset, the vast majority of models were fitted to serological data only, highlighting extensive uncertainty in our understanding of the transmission status of a wild bat. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33185244 | We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) to inform strategies to reduce transmission. […] People with COVID-19, particularly those with immunocompromising conditions or those with household contacts with diabetes, should take care to promptly self-isolate to prevent household transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33185524 | We documented fetal death associated with intrauterine transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. […] Placenta and umbilical cord blood tested positive for the virus by PCR, confirming transplacental transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33186230 | PCR approaches form the basis for many high-sensitivity diagnostic tests and can supplement traditional contact tracing and surveillance strategies to define risk networks and transmission patterns. […] WGS approaches can further define the causative agents of disease, trace the origins of the pathogen, and clarify routes of transmission. […] In the ongoing HIV epidemic, these approaches have been effectively deployed to identify treatment gaps, transmission clusters and risk factors, though significant barriers to rapid or real-time implementation remain critical to overcome. […] Likewise, these approaches have been successful in addressing some questions of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis, but the nature and rapid spread of the virus have posed additional challenges. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33186231 | These structures, together with adapted and remodeled SARS-CoV-2 strains, further revealed critical residues of the spike glycoprotein for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cross-species transmission. […] Recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein provide important structural knowledge for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cross-species transmission. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33186687 | We reviewed multiple aspects of COVID peri-pandemic air travel, including data on traveller numbers, peri-flight prevention, and testing recommendations and in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission, photo-epidemiology of mask use, the pausing of air travel to mass gathering events, and quarantine measures and their effectiveness. […] Although the risk of in-flight transmission is considered to be very low, estimated at one case per 27 million travellers, confirmed in-flight cases have been published. […] Quarantine of travellers may delay introduction or re-introduction of the virus, or may delay the peak of transmission, but the effect is small and there is limited evidence. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33186853 | The COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns over transmission risk from healthcare procedures, especially when operating in the head and neck such as during surgical repair of facial fractures. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33187026 | The rate of perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and development of the infection in neonates within 14 days postpartum. […] No confirmed cases of vertical transmission were detected. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33187030 | Seroprevalence studies for COVID-19 evaluate the extent of undetected transmission in a defined community, with special significance among health care workers (HCW) owing to their greater exposure and potential to transmit. | 2020-11-13 |
| 33187109 | The model discriminates between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases and it takes into account possible intervention measures in order to reduce the probability of transmission. | 2020-11-14 |
| 33187280 | Along with the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the main extra-pulmonary targets of SARS-CoV-2 with respect to symptom occurrence and is a potential route for virus transmission, most likely due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. | 2020-11-14 |
| 33188555 | Responses of faculty members were similar to students, though fewer concerns were reported regarding the risk of disease transmission. | 2020-11-14 |
| 33188729 | We aimed to develop a dynamic COVID-19 microsimulation model to assess clinical and economic outcomes and cost-effectiveness of epidemic control strategies in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. values, molecular testing sensitivity, and efficacies and costs of interventions) to determine the effect on clinical and cost projections. was 2·6 and when efficacies of isolation centres and quarantine centres for transmission reduction were reduced. | 2020-11-14 |
| 33189515 | Barrier enclosure devices were introduced to protect against infectious disease transmission during aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMP). | 2020-11-15 |
| 33189742 | Considering the live SARS-CoV-2 was detected and isolated from the excrement and urine of infected patients, the potential public health risk of its waterborne transmission should be paid broad and close attention. […] The possible water transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential capacity of long-distance transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in water environment was also discussed. | 2020-11-15 |
| 33189939 | The Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA) was formed to investigate the introduction and understand the early transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in South-Africa. […] The estimates of transmission potential suggested a decrease towards R = 1 since the first cases and deaths, but a subsequent estimated R average of 1.39 between 6-18 May 2020. […] It was also demonstrated that early transmission in KZN was associated with multiple international introductions and dominated by lineages B1 and B. […] The COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa was very heterogeneous in its spatial dimension, with many distinct introductions of SARS-CoV2 in KZN and evidence of nosocomial transmission, which inflated early mortality in KZN. | 2020-11-15 |
| 33190011 | Spice bioactives have the potential to bind with the specific targets involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. | 2020-11-15 |
| 33190306 | In addition to the respiratory tract, the digestive and urinary systems are the major sources of virus transmission. | 2020-11-15 |
| 33190321 | Specific interventions in order to reduce the risk of transmission of infection among this high-risk population have been outlined by international societies, together with recommendations for modified treatment and follow-up regimens during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-15 |
| 33190387 | Myocardial biopsies were performed; and in order to clarify the pathophysiology of the acute heart failure, optical and transmission electron microscopy study was realized. […] Although rare suspected coronavirus particles were found by transmission electron microscopy in the cardiac endothelium, neither significant immunoreactivity for the viral nucleocapsid protein nor image suggestive of endotheliitis was detected. | 2020-11-15 |
| 33190883 | WBE becomes essential, especially with virus transmission path uncertainty, limitations on the number of clinical tests that could be conducted, and a relatively long period for infected people to show symptoms. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33191004 | On March 16, 2020, Ukraine’s Ministry of Health issued nonspecific interim guidance to continue enrolling patients in opioid agonist therapies (OAT) and transition existing patients to take-home dosing to reduce community COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33191442 | This device has potential benefits in protecting surgical personnel against airborne transmission of COVID-19 and could be useful in reducing chronic exposure to the hazard of surgical smoke. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33191994 | Different concerns are addressed that are necessary to optimize the quality of care provided to COVID-19 patients and to reduce the risk of viral transmission to other patients or healthcare workers. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33192070 | In case of community transmission, as it might take up to 19.9 days to death from the first appearance of symptom in a community, an effective quarantine period to contain the spread of Coronavirus should be a minimum of 40 days. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33192232 | The study aimed to review the literature on the use of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) sterilization to assess its clinical efficacy in reducing risk and transmission of nosocomial infections as well as its associated health safety or hazards. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33192811 | There are two transmission paths: the direct effect refers to the risk perception directly caused by COVID-19, while the indirect effect refers to managers’ fear that they will not make timely adjustments or will make judgment errors, resulting in the loss of competitive advantage. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33193639 | Genes positively correlated with ACE2 are related to immune defense and those negatively correlated are enriched in synaptic transmission functions. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33193959 | We report our single-center experience on the detailed infection control measures undertaken to minimize virus transmission. , 2020 as measures were taken since the detection of the first COVID-19 case to ensure the protection of patients and healthcare providers, especially a screening zone for any patient entering the center. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33193961 | Prevention of exposure to the COVID-19 virus in the general population is an essential strategy to slow community transmission. […] We conducted an education session with the COVID-19 response team and together brainstormed transmission hotspots and which interventions would be most feasible in their settings. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194041 | Effective measures should be taken to prevent transmission in hospitals to protect doctors, nurses, and patients. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194061 | We collected clinical data and analyzed the time from disease onset to the positive-to-negative transmission (TPNT) of nucleic acid tests and its related clinical variables. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194296 | In the era of COVID-19, strict infection control precautions should be employed to limit the possibility of transmission of any possible infection to patient or any of the surgical team. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194314 | Heating and ventilation air conditioning systems in hospitals (cleanroom HVAC systems) are used to control the transmission/spreading of airborne diseases such as COVID-19. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194341 | A comparison between patterns of mutations that occurred before and after SARS-CoV-2 jumped to human hosts may reveal important evolutionary consequences of zoonotic transmission. […] This suggests that mutation patterns of SARS-CoV-2 have changed after transmission to humans. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194456 | Even though Shenzhen had more cases than Hangzhou, local transmission did not sustain probably due to limited transmission from imported cases owing to the reduction in local susceptibles as residents left the city during Chunyun. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194535 | In this present study, we have considered a SAIRS epidemiological model on COVID-19 transmission where people in the susceptible environment move into asymptotically exposed class after coming contact with asymptotically exposed, symptomatically infected and even hospitalised people. […] The numerical study indicates that if more people from asymptotically exposed class move into quarantine class to prevent further virus transmission, then the infected population decreases significantly. […] Numerical figures show that the control strategy, which denotes the social distancing to reduce disease transmission, works with a higher intensity almost after one month of implementation and then decreases in the last few days. […] Therefore, implementing control policies may help to reduce the disease transmission at this current pandemic situation as these controls reduce the overall infected population and increase the recovered population. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194671 | Studies have now confirmed a human-to-human transmission as the primary pathway of spread. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194893 | Intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be unlikely. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194909 | The pediatrician’s awareness regarding both asymptomatic and atypical cases is vital for decreasing the transmission of this novel life-threatening condition. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194950 | As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progresses, countries around the world are increasingly implementing a range of responses that are intended to help prevent the transmission of this disease. […] In the absence of a COVID-19 vaccine, we assess the potential role of containment measures to suppress the virus transmission, thereby slowing down the growth rate of cases and rapidly reducing case incidence. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194951 | At the time of writing, 10 confirmed imported/local transmission cases were recorded. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33194970 | The policy of stay at home, physical distancing, and always using face masks needs to be continued for the public to have a supportive attitude of the PSBB policy in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33195352 | Furthermore, diarrhea and stool testing may change prevalence and transmission rates due to suspicion for fecal-oral transmission of the COVID-19. […] We also note the role of fecal-oral transmission. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33195371 | The current recommendation for reducing person-to-person Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) transmission is social distancing, including remote work and school, and home confinement. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33195813 | The risk of transmission via the ocular surface remains likely low, though it is inarguably present based on preliminary finding of viral load in ocular samples and expression of ACE2 on the ocular surface. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33196128 | Possible human-to-human transmission from close family contacts in gatherings overseas occurred in two cases. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33196294 | To minimize transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, the Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization recommend wearing facemasks in public. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33196736 | Without a readily available, effective COVID-19 vaccine, and as the numbers of infected individuals continues to climb, the best practices to ensure public safety are rooted in good personal hygiene and prevention of transmission of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33197402 | Such procedures potentially increase risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to research staff, use limited personal protective equipment, and require conduct in negative-pressure rooms. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33197423 | This review aims to draw architects’ attention toward the high risk of airborne transmission of diseases by providing the latest updates and solutions to understand better the environmental and health issues associated with COVID-19. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33197855 | Investigation of ENDOU’s relevance to vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is further warranted. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33197930 | Household transmission is thought to contribute significantly to subsequent transmission through the broader community. | 2020-11-16 |
| 33198528 | In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, public health communication campaigns have been targeted at reducing viral transmission, specifically among populations most vulnerable to infection and death from the virus (e.g. older adults). […] However, other individuals who have not been defined as vulnerable populations may also suffer from a decrease in health because of the measures aimed at reducing viral transmission, such as social distancing. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33198633 | In addition, establishing a relationship with known mechanisms and traditional epidemiological models of disease transmission would be desirable. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33198707 | Mathematical modeling studies have suggested that pre-emptive school closures alone have little overall impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but reopening schools in the background of community contact reduction presents a unique scenario that has not been fully assessed. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33198725 | Continued follow-up of this cohort will enable us to monitor infection rates and examine risk factors for transmission. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33198751 | Study of ICU patients BAL by electron transmission microscopy showed viral particles inside mononuclear cells confirmed by immunostaining with anti-viral capsid and spike antibodies. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33198831 | Up until now, there is much debate about the role of asymptomatic patients and pauci-symptomatic patients in severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, and little is known about the kinetics of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) shedding in these populations. […] This case series demonstrates that asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic patients may play a role in infection transmission by demonstrating probable transmission among asymptomatic spouses and by demonstrating a viable virus via a cell culture. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33199136 | Such huge mortality and morbidity rates are truly threatening and calls for some aggressive and effective measures to slow down the disease transmission. […] In this review, we have highlighted the current epidemiology through infographics, disease transmission and progression, clinical features and diagnosis and possible therapeutic approaches for COVID-19. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33199221 | Amongst the many factors causing delay, such as fear and uncertainty about COVID-19 transmission, reluctance to seek medical attention for cancer sypmtoms and avoiding additional pressure on NHS services, we anticipate a surge in urgent skin cancer referrals to our plastic surgery service as we enter a post-COVID recovery phase. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33199278 | Prisons are high-risk settings for the transmission of contagious diseases and there are considerable challenges in managing outbreaks in them. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33199426 | This study aims to investigate the relationship between daily weather and transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2, and to develop a generalised model for future prediction of the COVID-19 spreading rate for a certain area with meteorological factors. […] According to this model, there are five viral transmission patterns, ‘restricted’, ‘controlled’, ‘natural’, ‘tropical’ and ‘southern’. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33199676 | This prevalence associates with work and intra-home transmission. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33199941 | To date, the various transmission modes of SARS-CoV-2 have not been completely determined. […] Thus, viral transmission through meat products may be conceivable, indicating carry-through contamination. […] The present review elucidates the risk of various staple food products, including meat and meat products, dairy products, bread, fruits, vegetables, and ready-to-eat foods as potential carriers for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200063 | Wearing a medical face mask in public areas, protect people from COVID-19 transmission among them. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200064 | To realize the transmission and control of corona virus in a much better way, first we study the stability of the corresponding deterministic model using next generation matrix along with basic reproduction number. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200107 | Kenya reported its first case on March 13, 2020 and by March 16, 2020 she instituted physical distancing strategies to reduce transmission and flatten the epidemic curve. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200374 | The goal of repeat testing is to detect and isolate new infections rapidly to block transmission that would otherwise occur both on and off campus. […] For early- (late-) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by age of infection, we find that weekly screening cannot reliably contain outbreaks with reproductive numbers above 1.4 (1.6) if more than one imported exposure per 10,000 students occurs daily. […] Screening every three days can contain outbreaks providing the reproductive number remains below 1.75 (2.3) if transmission happens earlier (later) with time from infection, but at the cost of increased false positive rates requiring more isolation quarters for students testing positive. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200414 | Such rapid spread is predominantly attributed to the poor diagnosis and its asymptomatic transmission. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200668 | At the early stage of an emerging disease, information is often insufficient for governments to determine what actions are necessary to contain its transmission. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33200716 | We aimed to review the current evidence of COVID-19 transmission modes. […] This study was a systematic review that was done to identify current evidence on transmission modes of COVID19. […] We identified five potential transmission modes of COVID-19 including airborne, droplet, contact with contaminated surfaces, oral and fecal secretions. […] Furthermore, some studies have pointed out other modes of virus transmission, such as person to person, and direct contact with animals. […] Droplet and contact with contaminated surfaces were the most frequent transmission modes of COVID-19. […] Fecal excretion, environmental contamination, and fluid pollution might contribute to a viral transmission. […] The possibility of fecal transmission of COVID-19 has implications, especially in areas with poor sanitation and the environmental pollution can be caused by patients with SARS-CoV-2 through respiratory droplets and feces, subsequently, the human environment will change to a potential medium of virus transmission. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33201081 | Although no in vivo studies have been conducted, due to the likely risk of transmission, middle ear and mastoid procedures, particularly involving the use of a drill should be deferred, if possible, during the pandemic and enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) used if surgery is necessary. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33202184 | Just as avoidance of predators and parasites imposes substantial costs on prey and hosts, altered behaviour to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 has impacted human fitness and wellbeing. | 2020-11-17 |
| 33203131 | Transmission of the etiological agent, SARS-CoV-2, from mother to infant has been suspected but has been difficult to confirm. […] These placentas show prominent positivity of syncytiotrophoblast by SARS-CoV-2, fulfilling the published criteria for transplacental viral transmission as confirmed in fetal cells through identification of viral antigens by immunohistochemistry or viral nucleic acid using RNA in situ hybridization. […] The co-occurrence of chronic histiocytic intervillositis and trophoblast necrosis appears to be a risk factor for placental infection with SARS-CoV-2 as well as for maternal-fetal viral transmission, and suggests a potential mechanism by which the coronavirus can breach the maternal-fetal interface. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33203226 | Although eight of the 11 confirmed cases were family-aggregated, they were all imported cases with common exposure, which did not further cause local community transmission, and no medical staff were infected. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33203890 | SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by peak viral load in the upper airway prior to or at the time of symptom onset, an unusual feature that has enabled widespread transmission of the virus and precipitated a global pandemic. […] This pattern resembles previously described distinctions between symptomatic and asymptomatic viral infections and may partly explain the propensity for pre-symptomatic transmission in COVID-19. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33204210 | Of clinical trials, 100% showed no significant difference in the probability of viral transmission or clearance in prophylaxis or therapy, respectively, compared to the control group. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33204211 | Lastly, a simulation study using NS3 is extensively conducted to analyze the communication metrics such as transmission delay, throughput rate, and packet delivery ratio that demonstrates the significance of the proposed SUSI scheme. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33204846 | This would have a profoundly positive effect on within hospital virus transmission, patient and staff safety but also lasting benefits beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33205377 | Understanding important transmission parameters, such as secondary attack rates, can help in strategizing, prioritizing, and planning interventions to curb morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. […] Early reports suggest the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (the pathogen that causes COVID-19 disease) is high among household contacts of cases. […] Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been an important contributor to the local COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33205709 | The genome of SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve during the global transmission with the notable emergence of the spike D614G substitution that enhances infectivity. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33205991 | Observational evidence suggests that mask wearing mitigates transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] It is uncertain if this observed association arises through protection of uninfected wearers (protective effect), via reduced transmission from infected mask wearers (source control), or both. […] Inconclusive results, missing data, variable adherence, patient-reported findings on home tests, no blinding, and no assessment of whether masks could decrease disease transmission from mask wearers to others. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33206434 | The role that animal hosts play in disease transmission is still understudied and researchers wish to find suitable animal models for fundamental research and drug discovery. […] The following data were extracted from the included studies: type of infection (natural or experimental), age, sample numbers, dose, route of inoculation, viral replication, detection method, clinical symptoms and transmission. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33206690 | Moreover, the mixed sample nucleic acid detection is helpful in seeking out the early community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly, but the detection kit needs ultra-high detection sensitivity. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33206816 | It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the transmission is through the respiratory tract. […] The objective of this work was to review the literature related to the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and to check the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. […] However, the results of prevalence and possibility of fecal-oral transmission were varied, requiring further studies for more assertive conclusions. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33207153 | Rapid screening of cases, extensive testing, prompt quarantine, contact tracing, and social distancing contributed to prevent community transmission in Hanoi and northern Vietnam. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33207154 | Based on the current data available on transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, we have proposed a protocolized approach to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests to limit risk of transmission. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33207309 | Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented in the New York State since the COVID-19 outbreak on March 1, 2020 to control the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] To guide a more effective reopening plan while controlling the transmission, the current study aims at 1) identifying hotspots of the growth rate of COVID-19 incidence among the 57 counties and New York City in NYS over time, and 2) examining the association of COVID-19 growth rates after eight critical NPIs time points and most relevant county-level sociological predictors. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33207390 | To assess the risks associated with relaxing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related physical distancing restrictions and lockdown policies during a period of low viral transmission. […] Network-based viral transmission risks in households, schools, workplaces, and a variety of community spaces and activities were simulated in an agent-based model, Covasim. […] The model was calibrated for a baseline scenario reflecting the epidemiological and policy environment in Victoria during March-May 2020, a period of low community viral transmission. | 2020-11-18 |
| 33207446 | To examine the association between meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and UV radiation) and transmission capacity of COVID-19. of COVID-19 using multiple linear regression models and meta-analysis. […] Warmer weather alone seems unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33207460 | Also, most countries in Africa do not have resilient policies governing sanitation and water management systems, which expose them to higher risk levels for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Therefore, this study unearthed the likely sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems (mainly wastewater) in Africa through a holistic review of published works. […] The principal sources and routes of potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in water systems are hospital sewage, waste from isolation and quarantine centres, faecal-oral transmission, contaminated surface and groundwater sources, and contaminated sewage. […] The envisioned overwhelming impact of these sources on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through water systems in Africa suggests that governments need to put stringent and sustainable measures to curtail the scourge. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33208338 | In the QUAL interviews, fear of death, the guilt of disease transmission to their loved ones, anxiety about probable violence and stigma in the slums and exhaustion emerged as the major themes causing stress among healthcare professionals. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33208457 | Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has had extreme consequences for the healthcare system and has led to calls for diagnostic tools to monitor and understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and epidemiology, as well as to evaluate future vaccination strategies. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33208858 | Currently, the spatiotemporal epidemic transmission, prediction, and risk are insufficient for COVID-19 but we urgently need relevant information globally. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209137 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted to humans mainly via contact and droplet transmission and its entry into cells is mediated by the efficient binding of the spike (S) viral protein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209140 | SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through droplets, fomites, aerosol and fecal-oral route, while there is no strong evidence as yet, supporting transplacental transmission. […] On the other hand, social distancing clearly limited the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, while quarantine seemed necessary during the first wave of this pandemic. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209333 | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease with human-to-human transmission. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209406 | We developed a new hybrid model of infectious disease transmission based on Cellular Automata (CA)-configured SEIR to analyse the COVID-19 outbreak and estimate its transmission pattern. […] A probabilistic contamination network is embedded in the pandemic transmission model to capture the randomness feature of person-to-person spread of the novel virus. […] Human resources, intensified isolation and confinement as well as special hospital buildings should be prioritised in countries with large number of infections to constrain the global transmission of the virulent infection. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209520 | No cases of COVID-19 transmission were identified in the Socially Distanced NRP courses. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209756 | By a systemic review, articles and case reports revealed 74 pregnant women for the possibility of vertical transmission of the virus from COVID-19-infected mother to infant. […] Concerning the vertical transmission, none of the positive mothers had a positive infant with COVID-19 except 1 case report that showed the infant had positive COVID-19 by the throat swab, yet negative cord blood, placenta, and mother’s breast milk. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33209759 | In this review, we will try to elicit the correlation between the complications of previous coronavirus diseases (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and COVID-19, the possibility of materno-fetal vertical transmission and the obstetric management protocol. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33210552 | While the rate of transmission, symptom presentation, and fatality is lower in children than people from other age groups, they have been disproportionately affected by strict lockdown measures needed to curb viral spread. […] In this review, we describe the association between patient age and COVID-19, epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, psychological effects associated with lockdowns and school closures, and possible mechanisms underlying lower transmission rate of COVID-19 in children. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33210663 | With advent of community transmission of COVID-19 in Nepal, the number of cases continues to rise and poses threat to the fragile health system of our country. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211026 | In addition to prevalence of observed daily and cumulative testing, testing positivity rates, morbidity, and mortality, we derived COVID-19 transmission in terms of speed, acceleration or deceleration, change in acceleration or deceleration (jerk), and 7-day transmission rate persistence, which explains where and how rapidly COVID-19 is transmitting and quantifies shifts in the rate of acceleration or deceleration to inform policies to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 and food insecurity in SSA. […] In September 2020, Cape Verde, Namibia, Eswatini, and South Africa had the highest speed of COVID-19 transmissions at 13.1, 7.1, 3.6, and 3 infections per 100,0000, respectively; Zimbabwe had an acceleration rate of transmission, while Zambia had the largest rate of deceleration this week compared to last week, referred to as a jerk. […] This change represents a decrease in the transmission model R value for that week and is consistent with a de-escalation in the pandemic for the sub-Saharan African continent in general. […] Standard surveillance metrics such as daily observed new COVID-19 cases or deaths are necessary but insufficient to mitigate and prevent COVID-19 transmission. […] Public health leaders also need to know where COVID-19 transmission rates are accelerating or decelerating, whether those rates increase or decrease over short time frames because the pandemic can quickly escalate, and how many cases today are a function of new infections 7 days ago. […] Even though SSA is home to some of the poorest countries in the world, development and population size are not necessarily predictive of COVID-19 transmission, meaning higher income countries like the United States can learn from African countries on how best to implement mitigation and prevention efforts. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211113 | Published data suggest that there are increased hospitalizations, placental abnormalities, and rare neonatal transmission among pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211422 | Adapted safety measures were followed to mitigate in-hospital transmission. this report suggests feasibility and efficacy of systematic, preoperative screening for COVID-19 by chest computed tomography only. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211540 | This article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures intended to slow the rate of transmission of the virus resulted in greater subjective isolation and community distrust, in turn adversely impacting psychological distress. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211554 | Worldwide, leaders are implementing nonpharmaceutical interventions to slow transmission of the novel coronavirus while pursuing vaccines that confer immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. […] Lessons of past pandemics suggest that nations should invest in evidence-informed strategies to ensure that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines protect individuals, suppress transmission, and minimize disruption to health services and livelihoods. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211588 | The severity of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic-and the urgent need for safe blood products to respond to such crises-demands an immediate reconsideration of the 3-month deferral policy for MSM.We review historical HIV testing and transmission evidence, discuss the ethical ramifications of the current deferral period, and examine the issue of noncompliance with donor deferral rules. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211676 | to control the surge and widespread transmission of WPV1 and cVDPV2. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211678 | On university campuses and in similar congregate environments, surveillance testing of asymptomatic persons is a critical strategy (1,2) for preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] In addition, in response to newly identified positive test results, testing was focused in locations or within cohorts where data suggested an increased risk for transmission. […] A combination of risk-reduction strategies and frequent surveillance testing likely contributed to a prolonged period of low transmission on campus. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211680 | Mitigating COVID-19 transmission among vulnerable groups at high risk for hospitalization and death is an urgent priority. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33211797 | Our findings make clear that ensuring that COVID-19 preventive measures, including vaccines when available, reach vulnerable and minority communities and are distributed in a manner that meaningfully disrupts transmission (in addition to protecting those at highest risk of severe disease) will likely be critical to stem the pandemic. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33212260 | To prevent overspill of transmission to the wider population, starting in early April 2020, residents were confined to their dormitories while measures were put in place to arrest the spread of infection. […] Our report draws from data obtained over the first 50 days of outbreak management in order to describe SARS-CoV-2 transmission in high-density housing environments. […] Multiple transmission peaks were identified involving at least 5467 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection across six dormitories. […] Our results indicate that building design plays an integral role in transmission and should be considered in the prevention of future outbreaks. | 2020-11-19 |
| 33212602 | Motivated by the importance of individual differences in risk perception and behavior change in people’s responses to infectious disease outbreaks (particularly the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic), we propose a heterogeneous disease-behavior-information transmission model, in which people’s risk of getting infected is influenced by information diffusion, behavior change, and disease transmission. […] Information diffusion influences behavior change by allowing people to be aware of the disease and adopt self-protection and subsequently affects disease transmission by changing the actual infection rate. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33213323 | Some animal experiments suggested the possibility of an animal to animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and were seen in some cases of infected animals. […] Animal to human transmission was considered unlikely until investigations revealed the possibility of mink to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Netherlands. […] Current study aims at highlighting the predominance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various animal species, reverse zoonotic transmission and proposing possible animal models that might aid in study and development of vaccine against Covid-19. […] Animals appear somewhat resistant to SARS-CoV-2 transmission compared to humans who globally crossed eight million infection cases, and the infected animals mostly do not show many complications and recover quickly. […] Precautions are advised to prevent human to animal transmission of the virus, and in some areas, avoid animal to human spread of the virus. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33213324 | Posing a potential public health threat, SARS-CoV-2 progressed from animal-to-human to human-to-human transmission with symptoms ranging from little to no illness to persons severely ill to many deaths, confirming two criteria for declaring COVID-19 a pandemic. […] Intensive research efforts on different aspects of this human pathogen are underway across the globe towards elucidating viral transmission routes and the mechanisms employed to overcome host defense responses. […] Herein, we describe the taxonomic classification of SARSCoV-2; the structural organization of its genome; its infectivity, transmission, and receptor interaction; and we summarize risk assessment and approaches used in preventing infection. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33213394 | The study showed that even at the outset of the pandemic Polish population had a good initial knowledge about symptoms, transmission, and preventive behaviours regarding COVID-19. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33213689 | COVID-19 and TB share commonalities in transmission and public health response: case finding, contact identification, and evaluation. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33213971 | Methods In this paper, a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed model is described in terms of probabilistic cellular automata and ordinary differential equations for the transmission of COVID-19, flexible enough for simulating different scenarios of social isolation according to the following features: the start day for the social isolation after the first death, the period for the social isolation campaign, and the percentage of the population committed to the campaign. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33214027 | Urgent research to evaluate PPE preparedness and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission is required. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33214110 | During the COVID-19 pandemic strategies to prevent transmission of the viral infection obliged our hospital to promote virtual consultations. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33214147 | Our results indicate a strong positive relationship between livestock-processing plants and local community transmission of COVID-19, suggesting that these plants may act as transmission vectors into the surrounding population and accelerate the spread of the virus beyond what would be predicted solely by population risk characteristics. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33214148 | and transmission intensity in a range of settings. […] We identify principles that guide whether physical distancing, masks and other barriers to transmission, or social bubbles will be most effective. […] We outline how this information can be obtained and used to reopen economies with principled measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33214455 | Specifically, tracheostomy complications, inpatient mortality, disposition of patients, and transmission of COVID-19 to surgeons were measured. 143 patients underwent tracheostomy, 58 (41%) via a ST, and 85 (59%) via a PT. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33214989 | The results of the registration data from Frankfurt am Main, Germany confirm the results published in other countries: Children are less likely to become infected, and if infected, their symptoms are less severe than in adults, and they are apparently not the main drivers of virus transmission. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215113 | Protocols including pre-operative self-isolation, COVID-19 testing, and surgery at a non-COVID-19 site have been developed to minimize risk of transmission. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215152 | The UK government declared a national lockdown on 23 March 2020 to reduce transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215155 | A number of institutions have developed a COVID-free pathway for elective surgery patients in order to minimize the risk of viral transmission. […] The aim of this study is to identify the perioperative viral transmission rate in elective orthopaedic patients following the restart of elective surgery. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215159 | Emerging studies increasingly demonstrate the importance of the throat and salivary glands as sites of virus replication and transmission in early COVID-19 disease. […] While it is highly sensitive to agents that disrupt lipid biomembranes, there has been no discussion about the potential role of oral rinsing in preventing transmission. […] We highlight that already published research on other enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, directly supports the idea that oral rinsing should be considered as a potential way to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215472 | In Italy, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak registered a high transmission and disease rates. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215698 | We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs of trials investigating physical interventions (screening at entry ports, isolation, quarantine, physical distancing, personal protection, hand hygiene, face masks, and gargling) to prevent respiratory virus transmission. […] Thus, studies were conducted in the context of lower respiratory viral circulation and transmission compared to COVID-19. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33215832 | This article defines these concepts and discusses how city planning can help in mitigating COVID-19 transmission, and support health by accommodating active transport (i.e. walking and cycling) and emerging technologies (i.e. autonomous and electric vehicles). | 2020-11-20 |
| 33216416 | The response has also illustrated the capability of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leaders and the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services Sector, working with the government, to rapidly and effectively mitigate the threat of transmission into these vulnerable remote communities. […] The easing of travel restrictions across the country brings the increased risk of transmission into remote areas and underscores the need to adequately plan and fund remote primary health care services and ensure the availability of an adequate, appropriately trained local workforce in all remote communities. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33216726 | North and South Dakota have had the highest rates of COVID-19 transmission combined with positive acceleration, jerk, and 7-day persistence. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33217046 | Published literature and Internet sources were searched for information related to Zika virus, its transmission, its clinical presentation and sequalae, prevention and implications (practice and regulatory) for healthcare providers. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33217573 | Early and fast detection of COVID-19 patients help limit the transmission and wide spread of the virus in the community and will have impact on mortality by reducing the incidence of infection among vulnerable people. | 2020-11-20 |
| 33218087 | When faced with this new disease, social and physical distancing and quarantine emerged as solutions to reduce virus transmission. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33218120 | Although decreases in population density and surges in the public’s usage of personal protective equipment can mitigate direct transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), indirect transmission of the virus is still probable. […] By summarizing the current state of knowledge on the stability of coronaviruses on dry materials, this review uncovers the high potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through contaminated surfaces (i.e., fomites) and prompts future research. […] Sunlight may rapidly inactivate the virus, suggesting that indirect transmission predominantly occurs indoors. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33218393 | Due to airborne nature of transmission of the virus, it is advisable for all consultations relating to family planning services to be done remotely unless and until visit is absolutely necessary. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33218900 | Due to the high risk of in-hospital transmission and disproportionate perioperative rates of morbidity and mortality in occult COVID-19 patients surgeons were faced with the challenging triage of surgeries into emergency, urgent and elective. […] Well-organized and early suspension of elective surgery had no disproportionate impact on patient outcomes while averting nosocomial transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33219133 | Concerns over high transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 have led to innovation and usage of an aerosol box to protect healthcare workers during airway intubation in patients with COVID-19. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33219225 | The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that new diagnostic technologies are essential for controlling disease transmission. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33219449 | The current global fight against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to flatten the transmission curve is put forth by the World Health Organization (WHO) as there is no immediate diagnosis or cure for COVID-19 so far. […] Their merits, demerits and prospects are discussed which can help the researchers to develop new generation of advanced diagnostic tools for accurate and effective control of human coronavirus transmission in the communities and hospitals. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33219646 | Phylogenetic findings validate the lineage diversity, support multiple importation events, and demonstrate the evolutionary relationship of epidemiologically linked transmission chains. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33220439 | Limited testing capacity has characterized the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Spain, hampering timely control of outbreaks and opportunities to reduce the escalation of community transmission. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33220455 | Current data does not support vertical transmission in the third trimester. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33220602 | This study aimed to explore midwifery and nursing interventions to limit the transmission of COVID-19 among women in their third trimester of pregnancy, to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection and promote safety of care for women and their infants. | 2020-11-21 |
| 33220696 | Mass screening for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Iran on March 23, 2020, with the purpose of improving early detection of patients for their own health and to prevent onward transmission to others. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33220699 | Timely diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) improves the survival of the patients and also prevents the transmission of the infection. […] Since early and accurate diagnosis of the viral disease could improve the survival rate of the patients, and halt the transmission chain, it is not surprising that tremendous attempts should be made to reduce the limitations of the tests leading to the false-negative results and to find a rapid test for the diagnosis of COVID-19. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33220926 | However, asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic transmission of COVID-19 complicated traditional symptom-based approaches for disease control. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33221028 | Their use is intended as personal protection to prevent infection and as source control to limit transmission of the virus in a community or healthcare setting. […] The purpose of this article is twofold: to provide a brief literature review on the unequivocal scientific evidence that masks reduce community transmission in view of the current pandemic, review mask use in children and to compare and contrast attitudes to mask wearing during the Spanish flu and the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyse where these attitudes stem from. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33221311 | Despite that human-to-human is the recognized main virus transmission way, several authors supposed pollution-to-human mechanisms to justify the appearance of contagious in Italy. […] Author strongly highlights that pollution-to-human transmission mechanisms cannot be proposed whiteout considering the complexity of human-to-human interactions, that can be modified by imposed restrictions. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33221596 | Therefore, it is likely that outdoor airborne transmission does not explain the difference in the spread of COVID-19 observed in the two Italian regions. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33221646 | The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) introduced to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also interrupted the transmission of influenza. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33221859 | The reported data on the mode of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely through contact, droplet, airborne and fomite transmission methods with vertical transmission being a rare entity. […] We hereby report a case of a probable vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-19 from an infected pregnant female to her neonate. […] The transmission has been confirmed by a positive RT-PCR at 16 h of life along with a positive IgG antibody test for SARS-CoV-19 in the baby and after excluding the possible environmental contamination of the sample. | 2020-11-22 |
| 33222539 | Aotearoa New Zealand’s public health crisis communication approach amidst the COVID-19 pandemic effectively mobilized the nation into swift lockdown, significantly reducing community transmission. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33222840 | This publication presents criteria and bases for the work organization in the safe practice of Hospital Radiopharmacy, in order to minimize the risk of viral transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic, in a reference facility of the National Energy Commission Atomic of Argentina, while continuing to perform essential services for the health system. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33223126 | At the moment, the therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are only supportive and prevention is aimed at reducing transmission in the community. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33223148 | Surveillance systems operate globally with the goals of accurate in-life case ascertainment, appropriate public health interventions to minimise secondary transmission, and monitoring trends in disease epidemiology. […] The UK experienced the highest incidence of variant CJD (vCJD) in the world following widespread population exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 178 cases of vCJD have been identified in the UK by the National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), including three cases of secondary transmission via blood transfusion. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33223376 | A significant problem with this virus is its high transmission power. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33223748 | In order to reduce transmission and safety of patients and healthcare workers, the elective surgeries have been differed. […] Although there is little evidence of viral transmission through laparoscopic or open approaches, modifications to surgical practice such as the use of safe smoke evacuation and minimizing energy device used to reduce the risk of exposure to aerosolized particles to healthcare team are proposed in this review article. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33223854 | Sexual contact is the main transmission ways in HIV dynamics. […] Those containment strategies, including stringent infection prevention and control at health facilities, may minimize transmission of HIV infection and will reduce the incidence of new HIV infection. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33223954 | As the virus spread worldwide causing a global pandemic, China reduced transmission at considerable social and economic cost. […] A new epidemic transmission model was developed from a modified SEIR model for SARS, tailored to the situation of Beijing and fitted using multi-source data. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224247 | In December, 2019 in Wuhan city of China, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224263 | No worsening outcomes or active transmission to close contacts were found for the repositive COVID-19 patients. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224268 | Researchers used a hybrid model (a combination of health resource demand model and disease transmission model), Bayesian model, and susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model to predict health service utilization and deaths and mixed-effect nonlinear regression. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224306 | In this paper, we are presenting an epidemiological model for exploring the transmission of outbreaks caused by viral infections. […] Mathematics and statistics are still at the cutting edge of technology where scientific experts, health facilities, and government deal with infection and disease transmission issues. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224421 | Efforts to predict the disease transmission have mostly been done using flagship models developed by the global north. […] These models have not accurately depicted the true rate of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224529 | Rapid assessment and time-sensitive interventions required for optimum outcomes in acute stroke care have been complicated by COVID-19 due to the need for disease transmission preventive measures. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224915 | Intelligent and sustainable healthcare both in urban and rural settings and healthy lifestyle acquired immunity may reduce disease transmission and comorbidity induced fatalities, respectively. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33224968 | The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a consideration of our understanding of transmission of the causal agent, SARS-CoV-2 to humans and its potential effect on food safety and food security. […] The main routes of transmission are reported to be person-to-person, by respiratory droplets and to a lesser degree, by fomites. […] Concerns have been raised on the possibility of transmission via food and food packaging and whether the virus poses a risk to food safety. […] The article focuses on SARS-CoV-2 survival in food, on food contact materials and food packaging, and its categorization as a foodborne vs. respiratory virus, the possibility of fecal-oral transmission and the likelihood of infection via the gastro-intestinal system. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33225114 | We simulate a scenario in which a lockdown is first imposed on a population and then partly lifted while long-range transmission is kept at a minimum. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33225382 | Monitoring environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 may help to determine the potential of the environment as a transmission medium in an area highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2, such as an intensive care unit. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33225565 | COVID-19 is a very high transmission disease with a variable prognosis in the general population. […] Preventive structural and organizational changes were applied to all patients and health care personnel in order to limit the risk of local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Although the risk of local transmission of the disease was very high due to the increase in hemodialysis patients from peripheral centers admitted to hospital, the incidence rate of COVID-19 was very low in our own hemodialysis patients. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33226011 | Nursing homes are high-risk environments for the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, as they are a closed environment, with patients who present atypical manifestations of the disease, high risk of unfavorable evolution, and staff who frequently present a high mobility in relation to their jobs. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33226519 | Therefore, the current state of knowledge indicates that an “aerosol containment device” without vacuum mechanism has only limited efficacy in protecting healthcare workers from viral transmission. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33227004 | This research demonstrates that specifically designed hand hygiene educational resources can improve handwashing practice and understanding in young children, and could lead to the reduction of the transmission of disease within this group. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33227203 | This PAM design can provide significant protection against the transmission of viral aerosols in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33227206 | Overall there was (1) an inability to align SARS-CoV-2 contaminated surfaces with survivability data and effective surface disinfection methods for these surfaces; (2) a knowledge gap on fomite contribution to SARS-COV-2 transmission; (3) a need for testing method standardization to ensure data comparability; and (4) a need for research on hygiene interventions besides surfaces, particularly handwashing, to continue developing recommendations for interrupting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33227512 | The effectiveness and sustainability of current public health interventions designed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission remain of great concern in many settings, especially in the absence of a transmission-preventing vaccine. […] It was hypothesized that a more targeted set of interventions focusing on preventing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rather than SARS-CoV-2 transmission, would be less disruptive to society. […] To identify these, it would be helpful to better understand how the infecting dose of SARS-CoV-2 and its route of infection influence the clinical outcome, immunological protection, and likelihood of onward transmission. | 2020-11-23 |
| 33227940 | This technique would be valuable in these challenging times as the health of staff, and other patients are at risk from the nosocomial transmission. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33228475 | The coronavirus disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health crisis that is being endured with an increased alarm of transmission each day. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33229462 | In conclusion, this study illustrates the power of combining epidemiological analysis with deep viral genome sequencing to unravel the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and to gain fundamental insights into mutational dynamics and transmission properties. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230027 | Since COVID-19, the number of CSP decreased among MSM, and there may have been a temporary reduction in HIV/STI transmission. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230040 | The priority remains maintaining a fast and efficient pre and in-hospital work-flow while mitigating nosocomial transmission and protecting the patient and the healthcare workers with appropriate personal protective equipment. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230363 | Because of SARS-CoV-2’s apparent evolutionary origins in bats and reports of humans transmitting the virus to pets and zoo animals, regulations for the prevention of human-to-animal transmission have so far focused mostly on these animal groups. […] Preventing human-to-wildlife SARS-CoV-2 transmission is important to protect these animals (some of which are classed as threatened) from disease, but also to avoid establishment of novel SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs in wild mammals. […] During such activities, we recommend sanitary precautions, such as physical distancing, wearing face masks and gloves, and frequent decontamination, which are very similar to regulations currently imposed to prevent transmission among humans. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230420 | Training for COVID-19, availability of PPE, educational level and attention of hospital administration were negative predictor factors for nurses’ stress, while having children, people showed that COVID-19 is stigma, fears of infection, workplace, fear of transmission infection for family and nurse to patient ratio were positive predictors. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230488 | Healthcare workers’ (HCWs) role in patient management is predisposing and can serve as means of hospitals and community transmission. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230735 | The Hispanic/Latino patient population should be considered for increased education on preventing transmission and acquisition of COVID-19 as well as being considered as a priority for vaccination once a vaccine is available. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230857 | It is clear that more evidence is needed to understand the actual role of young children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and their infection risk when attending daycare. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230863 | Because complete elimination of SARS-CoV-2 appears difficult, decreasing the risk of transmission is important. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33230886 | A return to normal surgery workflow depends on the prevalence and transmission of coronavirus in elective surgical patients. […] Given the very low likelihood of coronavirus transmission, and with existing current hospital capacity, recommencement of elective surgery should be considered. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33231409 | Though vertical transmission of COVID-19 still needs more definitive evidence, strict isolation is necessary for the newborn of COVID-19 mothers. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33231674 | The assessment of the relationship between the distance from an established outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection with transmission-linked cases and mortality observed in other sites could provide useful information to identify the optimal radius of red zones. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33231780 | These viruses have not only acquired large-scale transmission during their specified outbreak period, but cases of MERS-CoV still remain active, although there is only limited transmission. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33232190 | The low rate of seroconversion during the study suggests that it is possible to prevent transmission of SARS-COV-2 in a high-exposure environment. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33232262 | The influence of meteorological factors on the transmission and spread of COVID-19 is of interest and has not been investigated. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33232385 | As a focused country to alleviate the epidemic impact, China implemented a range of public health interventions to prevent the disease from further transmission, including the pandemic lockdown in Wuhan and other cities. […] Through this node-to-node interpretation of transmission risks, both overall and detailed epidemic hazards are properly analyzed, which can provide valuable intervention advice during public health emergencies. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33232587 | During these periods of uncertainty, the current care pathways for acute and elective cardiac patients have had to change with the relocation of HF services to protect the vulnerable and reduce transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33232687 | Although lockdown measures to stop COVID-19 have direct effects on disease transmission, their impact on violent and accidental deaths remains unknown. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33233004 | The aim of this article is to shed light on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its oral effects and risk of nosocomial transmission to update the knowledge of dental health care workers. […] As such, they should be aware of the modifications that need to be made to the practice to prevent transmission of the disease. […] It is evident that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the oral health and at the same time a significant transmission risk to the dental personnel and patients who visit the clinic. […] If the recommendations issued by the regulatory authorities are meticulously followed, the risk of disease transmission can be lessened. | 2020-11-24 |
| 33233369 | The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available knowledge on the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women as well as the risk of maternal-fetal transmission. […] In addition, recent studies confirm the possibility of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission by positive genetic tests and the presence of IgM in newborns just after delivery; at the moment, the probability of transmission through mother’s milk is inconclusive. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33233409 | Long diagnostic delays (LDDs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might decrease the effectiveness of patient isolation in reducing subsequent transmission. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33233560 | However, most studies reporting on the potential of bioactives against COVID-19 transmission have been uploaded as preprints with little opportunity to revise content for benefit and impact. […] Up to now, some evidence from randomized population and clinical trials has suggested that vitamin D levels may be linked to COVID-19 transmission and severity. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33233867 | Searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet, CUIDEN, Scielo, and Virtual Health Library to identify observational, case series, case reports, and randomized controlled trial studies assessing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to baby and/or through breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33234640 | Conduct a review of available evidence to advise on appropriate parameter values for serial interval and generation time in national COVID-19 transmission models for Ireland and on methodological issues relating to those parameters. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33234691 | Together, these data suggest that protease distribution and specificity determine the tissue and cell specificity of the virus and may also regulate interspecies transmission. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33234698 | A long-standing question in infectious disease dynamics concerns the role of transmission heterogeneities, which are driven by demography, behavior, and interventions. […] On the basis of detailed patient and contact-tracing data in Hunan, China, we find that 80% of secondary infections traced back to 15% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primary infections, which indicates substantial transmission heterogeneities. […] Transmission risk scales positively with the duration of exposure and the closeness of social interactions and is modulated by demographic and clinical factors. […] The lockdown period increases transmission risk in the family and households, whereas isolation and quarantine reduce risks across all types of contacts. […] Modeling indicates that SARS-CoV-2 control requires the synergistic efforts of case isolation, contact quarantine, and population-level interventions because of the specific transmission kinetics of this virus. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33234873 | A significant levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were noted with the major concerns of workplace exposure, increased risk of infection, and transmission to their families and friends. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235401 | The present review highlights the clinical features, possible modes of transmission of COVID-19 in dental operatory, preventive strategies, emergencies that pose a significant challenge, and treatment strategies for dealing with children and parents during and post COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235489 | With a global pandemic that has affected more than 9 million people, many CF clinics were required to take steps to avoid transmission of this dangerous virus. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235537 | All the cases lived in three vertically aligned units of one building sharing the same piping system, which provided one unique opportunity to examine the transmission mode of SARS-CoV-2. […] A simulation experiment in the building and a parallel control experiment in a similar building were then conducted to investigate the possibility of transmission through air. […] No close contacts between the index cases and other families indicated that the transmission might not occur through droplet and close contacts. […] The outbreak of COVID-19 in this community could be largely explained by the transmission through air, and future efforts to prevent the infection should take the possibility of transmission through air into consideration. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235690 | The aim of this review article to explore recent updates on SARS-COV-2 in the context of pathogenesis during disease progression, and innate acquired mechanisms of defense, This includes advances in diagnostics, susceptibility, and severity of host-virus genome interactions, modes of transmission, active compounds being used in pre-clinical and clinical trials for the treatment of patients, vaccine developments, and the effectiveness of SARS-COV-2 prevention and control measures. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235828 | The present study is about the detailed analysis of the pandemic Corona Virus 2019 which has rocked the entire world with a maximum impact with its structure, its appearance and nomenclature, Clinical presentation and transmission, diagnostic technique. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235890 | The potential for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shed in stool via fecal microbiota transplantation is not yet known, and the effectiveness of various testing strategies to prevent fecal microbiota transplantation-based transmission has also not yet been quantified. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33235991 | Age appears to be a principal factor in explaining the transmission patterns in China. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33236040 | This provides extra motivation for combining ambitious policies to reduce air pollution with measures to control the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33236131 | The present review highlights the prevalent clinical manifestations of COVID‑19, characterizes the SARS‑CoV‑2 viral genome sequence and life cycle, highlights the optimal methods for preventing viral transmission, and discusses possible molecular pharmacological mechanisms and approaches in the development of anti‑SARS‑CoV‑2 therapeutic agents. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33236433 | Few cases of presumed in utero vertical transmission of the virus from infected mothers to fetuses have been reported, but stronger evidence is needed, from larger datasets with multiple biospecimens rigorously analyzed. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33236437 | These observations raise the question regarding the possibility of oral-fecal transmission and the possible role of children in spreading the infection, particularly when they appear asymptomatic or with gastrointestinal symptoms but with no respiratory involvement, as well as during their convalescent phase. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33236579 | These additional patients may lead to the risk of viral transmission to other patients and medical teams. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33236896 | Aerosol transmission of COVID-19, although plausible, has not been confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a general transmission route. […] Considering the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, especially nosocomial outbreaks and other superspreading events, there is an urgent need to study the possibility of airborne transmission and its impact on the lung, the primary body organ attacked by the virus. […] Here, we review the complete pathway of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from aerosol dispersion in air to subsequent biological uptake after inhalation. […] This review provides urgent and multidisciplinary knowledge toward understanding the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its health impact on the respiratory system. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33237122 | Despite the smaller percentage of severe cases of COVID-19 among children, they seem to play an important role in the contagion as they have the same potential of transmission as that of adults. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33237151 | Host shifts, when a cross-species transmission of a pathogen can lead to successful infections, are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33237251 | In various countries, there have been different organizations and impacts of strategies since they have conducted actions according to the local characteristics of disease transmission, demography, public health services organization, and health system’s capacity and financing, especially in the PHC area. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33237889 | Community-level mitigation strategies emphasizing wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, staying at home when ill, and enhancing hygiene practices can help reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33237892 | The birth hospitalization is a critical period for establishing breastfeeding; however, some hospital practices, particularly related to mother-newborn contact, have given rise to concern about the potential for mother-to-newborn transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2). | 2020-11-25 |
| 33237962 | As we face the prospect of a second wave of virus transmission, we must take certain measures and make changes to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on medical education and on the progression of training. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33238280 | Transmission of many viruses occurs by direct transmission during a close contact between two hosts, or by an indirect transmission through the environment. […] Although well described now, the role of these environments as intermediaries or as reservoirs in virus transmission has been extensively studied and debated in the last century. […] The majority of these discoveries, such as the pioneer work on bacteria transmission, the progressive discoveries of viruses, as well as the persistence of the influenza virus in the air varying along with droplet sizes, or the role of water in the transmission of poliovirus, have contributed to the improvement of public health. | 2020-11-25 |
| 33238451 | The complex origin, extended human-to-human transmission, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and various clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 have presented serious challenges in understanding and combating the pandemic situation. […] On the other hand, animal CoVs have been studied extensively for many decades, providing a plethora of important information on their genetic diversity, transmission, tissue tropism and pathology, host immunity, and therapeutic and prophylactic strategies, some of which have striking resemblance to those seen with SARS-CoV-2. […] In this comprehensive review, attempts have been made to compare the current knowledge on evolution, transmission, pathogenesis, immunopathology, therapeutics, and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 with those of various animal CoVs. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33238567 | In discussions of COVID-19 in the US, social bots managed to trigger bot-to-human anger transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33238813 | We investigated a multi-family cluster of 22 cases in Jixi, where pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission resulted in at least 41% of household infections of SARS-CoV-2. […] Our study illustrates the challenge of controlling COVID-19 due to the presence of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission even when extensive testing and contact tracing are conducted. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33239041 | We describe the epidemiological, clinical, and transmission characteristics of these cases. […] Transmission was low among symptomatic persons and nonexistent from asymptomatic persons. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33239561 | US states and big cities acted to protect the residents of their jurisdictions from the threat of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33239569 | This article analyzes the implementation of case investigation and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19 transmission during the early stages of the US pandemic response (January 20 through August 31, 2020). | 2020-11-26 |
| 33239633 | Here, we formally test whether any homoplasies observed in SARS-CoV-2 to date are significantly associated with increased viral transmission. […] We do not identify a single recurrent mutation in this set convincingly associated with increased viral transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33239928 | Pandemic-related confinement helps to contain the transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) but restricts children’s exposure to sunlight, thereby possibly affecting their 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33239968 | Systematic safety protocols effectively reduce exposure risk and transmission rates in outpatient healthcare workers and should be ubiquitously adopted. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240466 | The risk analysis completed based on the literature made potential risks explicit, exemplified by references to specific conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and the coronavirus pandemic, demonstrating pathogenic pathways, contamination and transmission risks conducive to poor health, infection and potential disaster. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240518 | There are minimal data regarding the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in adult or pediatric glomerular disease patients, as well as the efficacy of strategies to prevent infection transmission within these populations. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240557 | The lockdown reduced the pressure on the Health System in at least 2 ways: directly, by curbing viral transmission and indirectly, by more than halving the ED trauma visits. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240654 | At this time the experts recommend precautions such as social distancing, hand washing, and wearing face masks to reduce disease transmission. […] Mobile technology can be helpful in mapping disease spread and provides an easy way to provide awareness that promotes safety and adoption of necessary precautions to mitigate and stop community transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240837 | All measures implemented to prevent widespread community transmission of COVID-19 may have saved the country 837 human lives worth Int$258,080,991. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240881 | This review includes the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia as a way to recognize and eliminate any barriers that affect rapid patient care and public health management against the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic based on the natural history of the disease, its transmission, pathogenesis, immune response, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, possible treatment, drug and vaccine development, prevention, and future perspective. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240957 | International organizations and current evidence based on other respiratory viruses suggests COVID-19 is not a food safety issue, i.e., there is no evidence associating food or food packaging with the transmission of the virus causing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), yet an abundance of precaution for this exposure route seems appropriate. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33240967 | Among other potential applications, rbIFN-λ could be useful to preclude virus dispersion to the lungs and/or to reduce transmission from infected people. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241225 | With health systems reliant on the health of their workforce, the importance of protection against disease transmission in healthcare workers (HCWs) is clear. […] This study collated responses from several countries, provided by clinicians familiar with practice in each location, to identify areas of best practice and policy so as to build consensus of those measures that might reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to HCWs at work. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241256 | Hand disinfection is a cost-effective way to prevent its transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241257 | In this paper, we discuss our clinical workflow to reduce the risk of transmission amongst patients and staff while minimising disruption to our services. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241588 | The use of face masks has been described as an important strategy to slow its transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241715 | Rigorous COVID-19 guidelines have been instituted to mitigate the risk of viral transmission. […] We propose that the now widespread COVID-19 guidelines to reduce transmission risk be adapted to help reduce the incidence of sternal wound infections. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241766 | A number of studies to date, however, have focused on ventilation in medical facilities (e.g. hospitals) as the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is higher there (because of the close proximity of workers to patients who have the disease and their treatment procedures). […] In this article, we review the role that building ventilation can play in minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in nonmedical environments and some recommended protocols to follow for its proper use, including cleaning and maintaining mechanical ventilation systems for businesses, schools, and homes. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241768 | Risk mitigation of COVID-19 in the indoor environment requires an articulated strategy for creating a bridge between science and the business community that focuses on knitting together four core capabilities-environmental microbiology, transmission science, building science, and social science-advancing scientific knowledge. […] The purpose of this article is to share insights from the CLEAN 2020 Summit, which assembled leaders from business, policy, standards development, science, and engineering working to mitigate risk of transmission in the built environment. […] Although SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 diseases are unique, the foundation of knowledge to assess and mitigate the risk of viral transmission in the built environment is robust. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33241838 | In this study, we use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering to show that efficient siRNA entrapment occurs in the absence of ethanol (contrary to the established paradigm), and suggest that nucleic acid entrapment occurs through inversion of preformed vesicles. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242027 | A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is associated with human-to-human transmission. […] The person-to-person transmission routes of 2019-nCoV includes direct transmission, such as cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation transmission, and contact transmission, such as the contact with oral, nasal and eye mucous membranes. […] Dental professionals play great roles in preventing the transmission of 2019-nCoV. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242312 | As many countries fear and even experience the emergence of a second wave of COVID-19, reminding health care workers (HCWs) and other hospital employees of the critical role they play in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission is more important than ever. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242489 | Distancing directives are represented by rates of flow into these compartments, as well as by a reduction in contacts that lessens disease transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242581 | Our result suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has an unprecedented RNA proofreading capability which can intactly preserve its genome even after a long period of transmission. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242762 | The potential ability for weather to affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been an area of controversial discussion during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242810 | Due to the feelings of frustration and agitation, aggression arises with possible transgenerational transmission of trauma and violence. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33242814 | In addition, this population are potential vectors of transmission. […] Addiction care must be reinforced, instead of postponed, in order to avoid complications of both SUD and COVID-19 and to prevent the transmission of coronavirus. | 2020-11-26 |
| 33243215 | But there are few comparative studies on the differences between imported and local patients which may provide information of the different courses of the virus after transmission. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33243541 | Transmission modes of the novel coronavirus have become a hot topic of research with the importance of airborne transmission controversial due to the many factors that can influence virus transmission. […] Airborne transmission is an accepted potential route for the spread of some viral infections (measles, chickenpox); however, aerosol features and infectious inoculum vary from one respiratory virus to another. […] Infectious virus-laden aerosols can be produced by natural human respiratory activities, and their features are vital determinants for virus carriage and transmission. […] Physicochemical characteristics of infectious respiratory aerosols can influence the efficiency of virus transmission by droplets. […] Further studies are therefore required to provide supporting evidence for the role of airborne transmission and assumed mechanisms underlying seasonality. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33243832 | Fundamental studies are needed to determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by corneal transplantation and guide evidence-based recommendations for donor selection to justify their substantial medical and economic impact. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244071 | As people tend to practice less social distancing immediately after they observe a sign of local mitigation, we identify several states and counties with higher risks of continuous community transmission and a second outbreak. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244211 | This presents a transmission cycle for human infection that can be broken by developing new inactivation approaches. […] These results demonstrate the great potential of CAP as a safe and effective means to prevent virus transmission and infections for a wide range of surfaces that experience frequent human contact. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244214 | Airborne virus transmission occurs through droplets formed during respiratory events (breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing) associated with the airflow through a network of nasal and buccal passages. […] The model measures the transmission risk utilizing an approximated upper respiratory tract geometry for the following variations: (1) the effect of saliva properties and (2) the effect of geometric features within the buccal/nasal passages. […] Alternatively, when the viscosity of the saliva is increased (consistent with the human response to illness), the number of droplets is both fewer and larger, which leads to an estimated 47% reduction in the transmission risk. […] Such factors may partly relate to how the immune system of a human has evolved to prevent transmission or be an underlying factor driving superspreading events in the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244217 | We strongly recommend using at least a three-layer homemade mask with a social distancing of 6 ft to combat the transmission of COVID-19 virus. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244280 | Good information exposure related to transmission, prevention, and risk factors of COVID-19 can be the best means to reduce the risk of disease exposure and mitigate further spread. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244376 | In this short review, we report the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in infected patients and suggest possible implications for disease management, transmission, and infection control. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244462 | The reports of asymptomatic carriers changed the scenario of symptom based-diagnosis in COVID-19 and intensified the need for proper diagnosis of the majority of the population to combat the rapid transmission of virus. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33244583 | Several genomic mutations affecting viral proteins have been identified, contributing to the understanding of the recent animal-to-human transmission. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33245123 | A household sick contact (HHSC) was identified in fewer than half (42%) of patients and no child-to-adult transmission was identified. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33245685 | The SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission chain is interrupted when screening and diagnosis can be performed on a large scale by identifying asymptomatic or moderately symptomatic patients. […] Diagnosis of COVID-19 with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been limited due to inadequate access to complex, expensive equipment and reagents, which has impeded efforts to reduce the spread of virus transmission. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33245898 | The high transmission rate of the virus has resulted in current havoc which highlights the need for a fast and effective approach either to prevent or treat the deadly infection. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33245943 | Although a superspreader is an individual who undergoes more viral shedding and transmission than others, it appears likely that environmental factors have a substantial role in SSEs. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33246205 | This meta-analysis aims to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in covid-19 pregnancies and identify factors associated with perinatal viral transmission. […] The rate of neonatal transmission did not differ between women with and without severe disease (OR: 1.94, 95 % CI: 0.50-7.60). […] Vertical transmission was suspected in 4 cases. […] The risk of vertical transmission is suggested to be low and may not be affected by the severity of maternal disease. […] Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify the risk factors associated with viral transmission and severe infection in the neonatal population. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33246207 | Participants reported concerns about coronavirus transmission in the ambulance and at the hospital, hospital capacity and ability to triage, and quality of care. | 2020-11-27 |
| 33246367 | Quarantine of health care workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19-confirmed cases is a well-known strategy for limiting the transmission of infection. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33246864 | Its high transmission rate has resulted in nosocomial infections in healthcare facilities all over the world. […] The present study aims to share the procedures and measures used by Taiwan nursing personnel to help reduce global transmission. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33246913 | After the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in January 2020, measures to avoid disease transmission have been widely promoted in Japan, such as the use of masks, handwashing, remote work, and cancellation of large events. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33247174 | Nevertheless, resolving the importance of indirect and environmental transmission in the ecology of epidemics remains a persistent challenge. […] In this study, we develop a mechanistic, mathematical model that permits both direct (host-to-host) and indirect (environmental) transmission and then fit this model to empirical data from 17 countries affected by an emerging virus (SARS-CoV-2). […] From an ecological perspective, our model highlights the potential for environmental transmission to drive complex, nonlinear dynamics during infectious disease outbreaks. […] Summarizing, we propose that fitting alternative models with indirect transmission to real outbreak data from SARS-CoV-2 can be useful, as it highlights that indirect mechanisms may play an underappreciated role in the dynamics of infectious diseases, with implications for public health. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33247637 | Secondary transmission from HCWs is a possibility among patients, family members, and the community. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33247639 | Majority were aware of the modes of virus transmission, but only two-thirds (68.6%) were aware of the safe physical distance (6 feet) for maintain social distancing. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33247643 | Heath care workers are at higher risk of being exposed to SARS-CoV2 and could potentially has a role in transmission in and out of the hospital. […] Hence, routine screening of both symptomatic as well as asymptomatic hospital staff is essential for early diagnosis to prevent transmission of COVID 19 infection. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33248363 | Awareness of the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 makes patients hesitant about using inhaled medications that are considered as a potential source of viral transmission and immunosuppression. […] Apparently, inhalers, including pMDIs, DPIs, or SMIs, have a low risk of contamination although characteristics of drug formulation can precipitate cough, whereas some researchers do not rule out the probability that nebulizer treatments may increase the risk of infection transmission via droplet nuclei and aerosols. | 2020-11-28 |
| 33248799 | Advanced age and nosocomial transmission were the main factors linked to a worse prognosis. | 2020-11-29 |
| 33248906 | We aim to review the current knowledge of how the disease threatens patients and DHCPs and how to determine which patients are likely to be SARS-CoV-2 infected; consider how the use of personal protective equipment and infection control measures based on current best practices and science can reduce the risk of disease transmission during radiologic procedures; and examine how intraoral radiography, with its potentially greater risk of spreading the disease, might be replaced by extraoral radiographic techniques for certain diagnostic tasks. | 2020-11-29 |
| 33249233 | Hence, this review aimed to further analyse the literature concerning (i) the effects of previously identified human coronaviruses on male fertility (ii) the impact of Covid-19 on male fertility and (iii) the implication for general health in terms of infection and transmission. | 2020-11-29 |
| 33249335 | Besides, maternal viral infections with or without vertical transmission have been allied with neurological and behavioral disorders of the offspring. | 2020-11-29 |
| 33249484 | While risk of outdoor transmission of respiratory viral infections is hypothesized to be low, there is limited data of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in outdoor compared to indoor settings. […] We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed papers indexed in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science and pre-prints in Europe PMC through August 12 th, 2020 that described cases of human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Reports of other respiratory virus transmission were included for reference. […] Five identified studies found that a low proportion of reported global SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred outdoors (<10%) and the odds of indoor transmission was very high compared to outdoors (18.7 times; 95% CI 6.0, 57.9). […] Five studies described influenza transmission outdoors and two described adenovirus transmission outdoors. […] There was high heterogeneity in study quality and individual definitions of outdoor settings which limited our ability to draw conclusions about outdoor transmission risks. […] Existing evidence supports the wide-held belief that the the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is lower outdoors but there are significant gaps in our understanding of specific pathways. | 2020-11-29 |
| 33249695 | With no efficacious treatments or vaccines available, social distancing measures remain the most effective approach for reducing the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. […] SO WHAT?: These outcomes indicate that members of the public should be educated regarding the negative consequences associated with the COVID-19 virus and the capacity of social distancing to reduce transmission of the virus, and a need for social distancing restrictions to be uncomplicated and clearly communicated. | 2020-11-29 |
| 33249821 | Data about vertical transmission of Covid-19 are still limited and controversial: in most cases, although a positive mother, the virus could not be isolated in amniotic fluid, cord blood, breast milk or neonatal throat swab in these patients. […] The baby was discharged in good conditions. although gallbladder calcifications and echogenic bowel are highly suspicious of viral infection and were thought to be due to the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, these findings were not corroborated by the results of our diagnostic tests; these sonographic findings might represent a false positive of fetal infection in mother affected by COVID-19 since vertical transmission appears to be rare. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33249880 | The staff mass screening strategy was a policy decision made by the hospital in response to infection among HCWs, and it aimed to reduce in-hospital transmission (particularly among asymptomatic staff), mitigate workforce depletion due to quarantining, and protect the health-care workforce. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33249969 | No evidence of vertical transmission during pregnancy and delivery was found. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33250561 | The built environment that facilitates crowding increases exposure and hence transmission of COVID-19 as evidenced by outbreaks in both cool-dry and hot-humid climates, such as in the US prison system and dormitories in Singapore, respectively. […] This paper explores how the built environment influences crowding and COVID-19 transmission, focusing on informal urban settlements (slums). […] We propose policy and practice changes that could reduce COVID-19 transmission. […] Low-income, informal settlements need to be recognized as a reservoir and source for persistent transmission. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33250633 | Asymptomatic COVID-19-infected patients are a well-known source of transmission of infection. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33250932 | We explore COVID-19 treatment service options at the patient level (diagnosis, management, location and level of treatment) and measures to reduce nosocomial transmission (cohorting patients, protecting healthcare workers). | 2020-11-30 |
| 33250980 | The pandemic also changed our learning behavior by affecting the relative importance of information and forcing teaching and learning into a framework that accommodates human behavioral measures to avoid disease transmission. […] Not only are these indirect effects on the environment occurring through a unique mechanistic pathway in ecology, the pandemic along with its effects on us provides a profound example of the role risk can play in the transmission of information between the at risk. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33251016 | This study therefore investigated the impact of schistosomiasis on the transmission of COVID-19 and also evaluated the role of praziquantel treatment coverage on COVID-19 outcomes in African countries. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33251325 | Therefore, this study aims to identify the reasons behind some Iranian people’s refusal to stay at home to prevent further virus transmission. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33251328 | A typical power-law model of social interactions from network science reproduces the observation that individuals with a high number of contacts, “hubs” or “superspreaders”, can become the primary conduits for transmission. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33251825 | India witnessed extensive lockdown, aimed at limiting the transmission of infection by reducing human contact. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33251972 | The ever-growing list of globally spread corona virus-19 disease (COVID-19) patients has demonstrated the high transmission rate among the human population. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33252045 | The role of viral load in the transmission and clinical expression of infection also needs to be assessed. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33252327 | Data on transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from preschool-age children to children and adults are limited. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33252457 | The large-scale social distancing efforts to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission have dramatically changed human behaviors associated with traumatic injuries. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33252670 | The Philippines reported the first case of community transmission on March 5, 2020, and despite the government imposing one of the longest and strictest lockdowns in Southeast Asia, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases still surged with >250,000 cases and 4,000 deaths reported as of September 12, 2020. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33253212 | To reconstruct the transmission trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and analyze the effects of control measures in China. […] The epidemic area in China was divided into three parts, Wuhan city, Hubei province (except Wuhan) and China (except Hubei) based on the different transmission pattern. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33253226 | About 33% were associated with a Tablighi Jamaat religious mass gathering held in Kuala Lumpur between February 27 and March 3, 2020, which drove community transmission during Malaysia’s second wave. […] Non-B.6 lineages were mainly travel-associated and showed limited onward transmission. […] Lineage B.6 became the predominant cause of community transmission in Malaysia after likely introduction during a religious mass gathering. […] Shared genomic surveillance can be used to identify SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains to aid prevention and control, and to monitor diagnostic molecular assays. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33253283 | There were no documented cases of vertical or horizontal transmission. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33253455 | Early studies suggest that vertical viral transmission is low; however, there may be an important effect of maternal infection on foetal growth and development. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33253941 | This may be explained in part by a relatively high number of individuals presenting mild or no illness, especially those of younger age, and people who did not seek medical care or testing, but who may contribute to virus transmission in the community. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33254038 | We speculated that precautions against droplet and contact transmission should be the proper way to preserve ward from COVID-19. […] The application of this practical strategy can contribute to breaking the cycle of community-hospital-community transmission. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33254205 | The importance of social isolation and quarantine measures to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 must be balanced against the potential impact on the psychological health of the population. | 2020-11-30 |
| 33254479 | In this pandemic situation, the researchers’ effort is to understand the targets of the virus, mechanism of their cause, and transmission from animal to human and vice-versa. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254502 | We present the AI-discovered aetiology of COVID-19, based on a precise disease model of COVID-19 built under five weeks that best matches the epidemiological characteristics, transmission dynamics, clinical features, and biological properties of COVID-19 and consistently explains the rapidly expanding COVID-19 literature. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254509 | In the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, testing is highly essential to be able to identify, isolate, treat infected persons, and finally curb transmission of this infectious respiratory disease. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254559 | The highly contagious coronavirus, which had already affected more than 2 million people in 210 countries, triggered a colossal economic crisis consequently resulting from measures adopted by various goverments to limit transmission. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254560 | The contribution of various modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been the subject of recent intensive debate. […] The predominant route of the viral transmission is via exhaled droplets of different sizes which can be inhaled by nearby exposed individuals or deposited on peoples and surfaces. […] As humans involuntarily touch their faces over 20 times per hour a hand washing with soap and water is recommended to avoid hands to face transmission. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254584 | This hypothesis raises the interesting prospect that dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the key ingredient in self-tanning creams, when applied daily to the face and hands may have prophylactic action against SARS-COV-2 transmission and infection. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254590 | 0.8% congestion in conjunctival surface, leads to increase susceptibility of Covid-19 transmission through ocular surface. […] It has been observed that prophylactic measures such as goggle or face shield are unable to offer complete protection against ocular transmission of SRS-CoV-2. […] Hence, it is hypothesized that topical ocular prophylaxis using biocompatible polymers with reported in-vitro and in-vivo evidence of ACE inhibition and antiviral activity appears to be a promising strategy for preventing ocular transmission of Covid-19 to healthcare workers. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254591 | Brazil remains with a high transmission rate and presents a centripetal distribution as observed through a more sustained growth in the number of municipalities affected, outlining a profile of invasion of poor communities. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254614 | Understanding the transmission, survival, and evolution of the virus in the environment will assist in the prevention, control, treatment, and eradication of its infection. […] Herein, we aimed to elucidate the environmental impacts on the transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, based on briefly introducing this respiratory virus. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254708 | While the respiratory transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been established, evolving reports on the impact of the gastrointestinal system and the prolonged faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 show the likelihood of faecally mediated transmission. […] While extensively exploring the likelihood of faecally mediated SARS-CoV-2 transmission, infection control and prevention measures aimed at mitigating this pandemic should holistically include environmental drivers. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254782 | Our results suggest that nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur via multiple routes. […] These findings suggest that the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 differ from those of SARS-CoV in healthcare settings. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33254938 | The Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread across the United States (U.S.) since community transmission was first identified in January 2020. […] While a number of studies have examined individual-level risk factors for COVID-19, few studies have examined geographic hotspots and community drivers associated with spatial patterns in local transmission. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33255615 | In this review, I explore the history first and then critically examine in depth major hypotheses proposed in light of accumulated data, global dispersal of the principal vector, patterns of YF transmission, persistence of urban transmission, and the possibility of YF in Asia. […] This review also reveals the importance of holistic approach incorporating ecological and human factors for many unresolved subjects, such as the enigma of YF absence in Asia, vector competence, vector dispersal, spillback, viral persistence and transmission mechanisms. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33255989 | Developing novel therapeutics and a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 requires an understanding of the similarities and differences between the various human coronaviruses with regards to their phylogenic relationships, transmission, and management. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33256004 | The growing fear of virus transmission during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has called for many scientists to look into the various vehicles of infection, including the potential to travel through aerosols. […] Thanks to this system, we demonstrate that standard GI procedures generate large quantities of aerosols, which can potentially promote viral airborne transmission among patients and healthcare staff. […] We provide a solution for the clinic to improve procedure turnover times and throughput, as well as to mitigate the risk of airborne transmission of the virus. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33256085 | This review includes an analysis review of three highlights: evaluating the hazard of pandemic COVID-19 transmission styles and comparing them with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to identify the main causes of the virus spreading, a critical analysis to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on artificial intelligence using CT scans and CXR images and types of biosensors. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33256891 | We explored transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among 12 children and their uninfected guardians in hospital isolation rooms in South Korea. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33257107 | Findings may point towards epidemiologic trends of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and have future therapeutic indications. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33257620 | As crowding is an environmental risk factor for contamination, its transmission is high among patients and staff in hospital and also in elderly-care centers. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33257622 | Viral RNA detection at different stages of the disease, quantitative changes and patterns of viral persistence and clearance all provide context for the pathogenesis and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-12-01 |
| 33257790 | As a result, the rate of transmission depends on the product of fractional powers instead. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33257893 | Epidemiological data were analyzed for 183 confirmed COVID-19 cases and their close contacts from five generations of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 throughout the entire COVID-19 outbreak in Wanzhou. […] Asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission accounted for 75.9% of the total recorded transmission. […] The reproductive number was 1.64 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-2.40) for G1-to-G2 transmission, decreasing to 0.31-0.39 in later generations, concomitant with implementation of rigorous control measures. […] The spread of COVID-19 was effectively controlled in Wanzhou by breaking the transmission chain through social distancing, extensive contact tracing, mass testing and strict quarantine of close contacts. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258149 | Content analysis of tweets revealed six themes: surveillance, prevention, treatments, testing and cure, symptoms and transmission, fear, and financial loss. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258171 | In addition, literature data in line with this topic were evaluated to demonstrate that there was generally no perinatal transmission over 34 weeks of gestation. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258276 | The implementation of lockdown measures worldwide for curbing COVID-19 transmission has been affecting not mere youth’s lifestyle behaviours and weight status but, more fundamentally, obesogenic environments and hence youth-environment interaction patterns. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258334 | Data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission from a pediatric index patient to others at the school setting are limited. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258335 | The transmission mode of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is primarily known as droplet transmission. […] However, a recent argument has emerged about the possibility of airborne transmission. […] On June 17, there was a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Korea associated with long distance droplet transmission. […] Droplet transmission can occur at a distance greater than 2 m if there is direct air flow from an infected person. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258565 | The number of emergent procedures was not different from that of the previous year, no admission refusal, no treatment delay and no viral transmission to the treated patients were recorded. […] No viral transmission to health care workers was observed. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33258995 | This systematic review summarizes the clinical features and maternal-infant outcomes of 230 pregnant women (154 patients gave birth) infected with COVID-19 and their 156 infants, including the possibility and evidence of vertical transmission. […] Search terms included COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnant women, infants, and vertical transmission. […] The vertical transmission rate calculated by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests was 3.91%. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33259031 | Wild animals are hosts of different coronaviruses with the potential risk of cross-species transmission. […] Interestingly, our results identified a novel host (Montifringilla taczanowskii) for the novel delta-CoV and the potential cross-species transmission. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33259195 | Surgical mask is recommended by the World Health Organization for personal protection against disease transmission. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33259325 | Furthermore, simulation results with a shorter time lag of T=7 and a larger transmission rate of α=1.43α0 suggest that infections at large should reduce by half and inpatient numbers should be similar to those of the first wave of COVID-19. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33259812 | Human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic, exerts a massive health and socioeconomic crisis. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33259882 | Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spread within the hospital setting is essential in order to protect staff, implement effective infection control measures, and prevent nosocomial transmission. […] Effective cleaning can reduce the risk of fomite (contact) transmission, but some surface types may facilitate the survival, persistence and/or dispersal of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33259913 | Such a treatment would be particularly valuable if it could be used as a prophylactic against SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) transmission, thereby effectively slowing the spread of the disease while we await the wide availability of safe and effective vaccines. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33260127 | During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) is feared to be a high-risk procedure for the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] The medium-prevalence group reported lower RT-PCR testing for symptomatic cases, and the high-prevalence group used it significantly more in asymptomatic cases.Nineteen respondents reported transmission of COVID-19 to healthcare personnel during EES, with a higher rate of transmission among countries classified as having a medium prevalence of COVID-19. […] In the cases of healthcare transmission, the patient was reportedly asymptomatic 32% of the time. […] Intensified preoperative screening, even in asymptomatic patients, RT-PCR for all symptomatic cases, and an increased use of airborne PPE is associated with decreased reports of COVID-19 transmission during EES. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33260132 | The hospitals were grouped into three categories based on the transmission risk in each region. | 2020-12-01 |
| 33261039 | On the 11th of March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and nations around the world have taken drastic measures to reduce transmission of the disease. […] Switzerland appears to be structurally well-prepared, but, according to mathematical modeling predictions, in order to avoid total collapse of healthcare facilities, the measures taken by the Swiss Government need to reduce the virus transmission chain by at least 70%. […] Fortunately, updated models on April 22nd show evidence that the non-pharmaceutical measures invoked have decreased transmission by an estimated 89%, proving effective management by the federal government and allowing for progressive deconfinement measures. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33261418 | Widespread transmission of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has caused major public health and economic problems around the world. […] Significant mitigation efforts have been implemented to reduce the spread of COVID-19 but the role of ambient noise and elevated vocal effort on airborne transmission have not been widely reported. […] Multiple confirmed clusters of COVID-19 transmission were associated with settings where elevated vocal effort is generally required for communication, often due to high ambient noise levels, including crowded bars and restaurants, meat packing facilities, and long-stay nursing homes. […] Clusters of COVID-19 transmission have been frequently reported in each of these settings. […] Therefore, analysis of COVID-19 transmission clusters in different settings should consider whether higher ambient noise levels, which are associated with increased vocal effort, may be a contributing factor in those settings. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33261606 | The human-to-human transmission can occur directly or via droplets generated during coughing and sneezing. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33261660 | The nosocomial outbreak in which 43% of staff of the psychiatric department and 19% of admitted patients were involved, was caused by healthcare worker (HCW)-to-HCW transmissions, as well as patient-to-HCW-to-patient transmission. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33261679 | Social distance measures, along with improvement in testing and isolating positive cases, general population mask-wearing and standard health security protocols for essential and non-essential activities, were adopted and impacted on slowing down epidemic velocity but were insufficient to stop transmission. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33261988 | Wastewater appeared as another mode of enteric transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262203 | Eighty-nine per cent of clinicians reported altering clinical practices; more commonly among those with versus without patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (n=142; 93% vs n=225; 86%, p=0.03) but regardless of community transmission levels (p=0.26). | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262205 | The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women and neonates, who may be especially vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19, and to discuss what is known about potential maternal-fetal and maternal-neonatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262277 | Public health interventions have had significant impacts in reducing transmission and in averting even more deaths. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262668 | Considering the transfusion-related hazards, especially lung injuries and microbial transmission, where sensitivity is not ensured, rigorous trials should be conducted to determine this therapy’s efficacy. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262804 | Since the number of infected cases with COVID-19 is growing rapidly in Iran, early detection and management of infected cases are highly recommended for preventing the disease transmission and reducing the rate of infection. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262819 | Their prime route of distribution is air-droplet transmission. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262930 | Providers should consider testing for this infection in patients with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, in order to take appropriate transmission based precautions, until more is understood. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262935 | RCCE activities during public health emergencies must put more emphasis on strengthening local structures and communities to ensure active participation of communities in interrupting disease transmission. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33262969 | The model allows for a time varying transmission rate which we use to incorporate the measures introduced by the government over the period of one semester. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33263069 | When community transmission is high, limiting movement of persons experiencing homelessness into and out of shelters might also be beneficial. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33263088 | However, given the mode of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the aerosolizing nature of the procedure, special considerations and care must be taken to mitigate the exposure risks to healthcare personnel. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33263514 | Staff members were particularly affected (attack rate 56%) and likely caused sustained viral transmission after an event at the club. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33263747 | Both neonates and all staff recovered, with no further healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission following implementation of effective outbreak containment measures. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33264056 | During the initial stages of an outbreak, laboratory response capacity focuses on expansion of efficient diagnostic tools for rapid case detection, contact tracing, putting epidemiological findings into sources, mode of transmission, and identification of susceptible groups and reservoirs. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33264102 | The epidemic of misinformation about COVID-19 transmission, prevention, and treatment has been going on since the start of the pandemic. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33264178 | Because of the severity of pulmonary dysfunction/hypoxia, the unprecedented numbers of critically ill patients, the national opioid shortage, and transmission prevention measures for standard palliative care treatment protocols in place for refractory and/or end-of-life dyspnea were found to be ineffective in providing adequate symptom relief. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33264668 | The community transmission of this highly infectious virus has severely affected various parts of China, Italy, Spain, India, and USA, among others. | 2020-12-02 |
| 33266051 | While vaccination of high-risk groups is advocated as an instrumental mode of interrupting pandemics, non-pharmacological interventions including avoidance of mass gatherings, school closings, case isolation, contact tracing, and the implementation of infection prevention strategies in healthcare settings represent the cornerstone to halting transmission. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33266115 | Maintaining dental charges could cause a loss in markup, even rising to 200% (A); attempting to maintain unvaried levels of markup will result in an increase in dental charges, even at 100% (B); and varying the volumes of the single dental treatments on offer (increasing those which current research indicates as the most profitable) could mitigate the economic impact of the measures to prevent the transmission of SARS-COV-2 (C). | 2020-12-03 |
| 33267605 | However, despite the transmission through tears is theoretically possible, it is still unclear whether this could be considered as an important route for the spread of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33267759 | The rate of human to human transmission of COVID-19 is far higher than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syn-drome coronavirus (MERS). | 2020-12-03 |
| 33267767 | In this review, the existing understanding of fatal, pandemic human coronavirus SARS-Cov2 (COVID-19), with special reference to its diagnosis, origin, transmission, and different approaches to develop its therapeutics, will be discussed. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33267785 | Although mother-to-child vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible, COVID-19 infection during pregnancy may not lead to unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33267823 | Overall, our findings highlight contribution of interventions to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Tunisia. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33267855 | They probably play a crucial role in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] We describe a super-spreading event within a team working in an open-space office and investigate factors potentially having facilitated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] We identified several environmental and behavioral factors that probably have facilitated the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33268203 | During winter, the number of viral disease cases and environmental occurrence of antiviral drug surge due to various biotic and abiotic factors such as transmission pathways, human behaviour, susceptibility, and immunity as well as cold climatic conditions. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33268220 | This could increase the risk of disease transmission via respiratory particles. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33268377 | First, SARS-CoV-2 possesses a significantly higher transmission rate and infectivity than SARS-CoV-1 and has infected in a few months over 60 million people. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33269031 | Our results show notable spatial spillover mechanisms in the early stages of the virus with international flight linkages as the main transmission channel. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33269255 | There is evidence of human-to-human transmission and familial cluster outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Other than its rapid transmission, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unclear. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33269827 | Most sources recommended triage of patients and an emphasis on only emergency and urgent care; wearing filtering facepiece class 2 masks; reducing the risk of transmission; and avoiding AGP. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270044 | Therefore, in the absence of an effective vaccine, preventive actions are based mainly on strategies that minimize the risk of pathogen transmission. […] The epidemiological situation regarding coronavirus indicates the need to take immediate and effective actions to minimize infection transmission among employees, and to develop procedures for a quick and effective ability to locate the COVID-19 outbreaks in workplaces. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270076 | Starting from the SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, the paper investigates the hospital risk analysis and management, the indoor air quality and determination of microbial load, surface management and strategies in cleaning activities, HVAC systems’ management and filters’ efficiency. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270107 | Complete live viruses are necessary for transmission, not the fragments identified by PCR. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270609 | Analyses of surveillance data, focus group discussions, and key-informant interviews were conducted to identify challenges and propose strategies for interrupting transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270613 | Reducing the disproportionate incidence of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among Hispanic persons will require implementation of strategies that address upstream social and environmental factors that contribute to an increased risk for both infection and transmission and that facilitate improved access to culturally congruent care. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270633 | Our projections indicate that intermittent distancing measures-if sufficiently strong and robustly followed-could control COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33270653 | Given the scale and widespread geographical distribution of the current pandemic and confirmed cases of cross-species transmission, the question of the extent to which this transmission is possible emerges, as well as what molecular features distinguish susceptible from non-susceptible animal species. | 2020-12-03 |
| 33271867 | How Australia’s government, health authorities and citizens adjust to preventative measures to reduce the risk of transmission as well as the risk of overburdening Australia’s health care system is crucial. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33271981 | Novel recommendations as the use of novel suction cannula designed for fast spray/saliva aspiration, use of Tyvek suits and innovative sprayhoods designed for dental-care worker protections are proposed to prevent virus transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33272261 | They could also lower their work hours and limit dental procedures to emergency treatments to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273024 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures, such as social distancing and universal masking, were originally implemented to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2; these public health measures were subsequently also observed to reduce transmission of other common circulating RVIs. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273120 | In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic many countries implemented containment measures to reduce disease transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273284 | A drive-through clinic was created to obtain intraocular pressure measurements before a virtual visit with their provider, in order to provide care for patients in the Kellogg Glaucoma Clinic while minimizing risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] The aim of this study was to establish a drive-through clinic model to provide glaucoma care for patients while minimizing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273410 | To discuss the challenges of conducting a death by neurologic criteria or brain death evaluation in the coronavirus disease 2019 era and provide guidance to mitigate viral transmission risk and maintain patient safety during testing. […] In this technical note, we provide guidance to mitigate transmission risk and maintain patient safety during each step of the death by neurologic criteria evaluation. […] Risk of aerosol generation and viral transmission during the apnea test can be mitigated by using continuous positive airway pressure delivered via the ventilator as a means of apneic oxygenation. […] Physicians should assess the risk of transporting coronavirus disease 2019 patients to the nuclear medicine suite to perform a radionucleotide cerebral blood flow study, as disconnections to and from the ventilator for transport and inadvertent ventilator disconnections during transport can increase transmission risk. […] When conducting the neurologic examination and apnea test required for death by neurologic criteria determination in patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, appropriate modifications are needed to mitigate the risk of viral transmission and ensure patient safety. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273592 | Forecasting the long-term trend of the COVID-19 epidemic can help health authorities determine the transmission characteristics of the virus and take appropriate prevention and control strategies beforehand. […] The model parameters also provided insights into the analysis of COVID-19 transmission and the effectiveness of interventions in China. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273742 | We demonstrate high SARS-CoV-2 burden in nasal tissues and secretions, which coincided with efficient transmission through direct contact. […] This study identified oral MK-4482/EIDD-2801 as a promising antiviral countermeasure to break SARS-CoV-2 community transmission chains. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273803 | Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed in the neonate via a SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR test, with nasopharyngeal swab samples collected on the neonates after 24 hours of birth. […] In our cohort, symptomatic COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy was not associated with vertical transmission to the neonate. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33273934 | Cardiac anesthesiologist follows two aims, recognition of COVID-19 patients that need surgery and decreasing the risk of perioperative viral transmission to coworkers. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33274387 | We developed a compartment model to simulate the dynamic transmission of COVID-19 and calibrated it to key epidemic measures in the United States from March to September. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33275618 | A primary weapon for reducing or eliminating this disease involves physical distancing to thwart transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33275874 | We investigated household transmission in 5 households with daily specimen collection for 5 consecutive days starting a median of 4 days after symptom onset in index patients. […] We also describe infection control measures taken in the households that had no transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33275925 | Moreover, the results of some recent studies about the role of air pollution on the spread and lethality of the novel coronavirus suggest that air contaminants could be also a transmission pathway of the virus. […] On the other hand, indirect transmission of the virus cannot be discarded. […] Among many sources of indirect transmission, there is the contamination of inert/inanimate surfaces. […] Consequently, although the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces can represent a potential route of transmission, appropriate disinfection measures should reduce the possibilities of coronavirus transmission, and hence, significantly decrease the risks of COVID-19. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33276110 | Moreover, we are unaware of COVID-19 transmission from Pacific Islanders to islanders with other ethnicities. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33276180 | This illustrates the importance of screening all HCWs regardless of symptoms, and the need for strict measures in securing HCWs to reduce transmission from healthcare facilities to the community during the current pandemic. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33276269 | Social distancing strategies are necessary to reduce the transmission of the virus but there may be unintended consequences. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33276318 | Preventing overcrowding in the ED is key to reducing the risk of disease transmission, and teleconsulting practice is thought to be effective in the diagnosis, treatment, and reduction of transmission risk of disease, most notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Video consultation is highly recommended in some countries on the grounds that it is likely to reduce the risk of transmission. […] Consultation via WhatsApp reduces both contact time with patients with COVID-19 and the number of medical staff contacting the patients, which contributes greatly to reducing the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-04 |
| 33277325 | Transmission of highly infectious respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, is facilitated by the transport of exhaled droplets and aerosols that can remain suspended in air for extended periods of time. […] A passenger car cabin represents one such situation with an elevated risk of pathogen transmission. […] An airflow pattern that travels across the cabin, farthest from the occupants, can potentially reduce the transmission risk. […] Our findings reveal the complex fluid dynamics during everyday commutes and nonintuitive ways in which open windows can either increase or suppress airborne transmission. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33277384 | In this study, we investigated infection rates, clinical characteristics, occupational exposure and household transmission among all symptomatic HCWs screened by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR between 17 March (French lockdown) and 20 April. […] Transmission from HCWs to household members was reported in 9 (14%) cases, and 2 deaths occurred. […] This is the first study to report infection rates among HCWs during the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France and the lockdown period, highlighting the risk related to occupational profile and household transmission. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33277545 | While research is ongoing on the transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, it is important to come up with epidemic models that can describe the main stages of the progression of the associated COVID-19 respiratory disease. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33277553 | Significant gaps persist in our knowledge of COVID 19 epidemiology, transmission dynamics, investigation tools and management, despite (or possibly because of) the fact that the outbreak is an unprecedented global threat. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33277643 | We explored how human behaviours have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, and how the transmission of other respiratory diseases (e.g. influenza) has been influenced by human behaviour. […] We did the simulation based on SEIR model to assess the risk reduction of influenza transmission caused by the changes in human behaviour. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33277915 | A comprehensive understanding of such transmission dynamics will be key for managing the pandemic in the time to come and to anticipate future developments. […] Although many elderly persons continued to follow the recommended preventive measures during the transitional phase between the two pandemic waves, social mixing with younger persons constitutes a way for transmission of infections across age groups. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33277935 | During the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in plasma and platelet products from asymptomatic blood donors, raising concerns about potential risk of transfusion transmission, also in the context of the current therapeutic approach utilizing plasma from convalescent donors. […] The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of amotosalen/UVA light treatment to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in human plasma to reduce the risk of potential transmission through blood transfusion. […] Amotosalen/UVA light treatment of SARS-CoV-2 spiked human plasma units efficiently and completely inactivated >3·32 ± 0·2 log of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, showing that such treatment could minimize the risk of transfusion-related SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33278056 | The disease course was self-limited, outcomes were favorable and the possibility of viral transmission was negligible as all patients tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33278399 | Evidence synthesis suggests that NPIs targeted at SARS-CoV-2-transmission reduce influenza burden as well. | 2020-12-05 |
| 33278872 | During the study period, there was a decline in incidence of communicable enteric illnesses, particularly in shigellosis and rotavirus where person-to-person spread is the main transmission route. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33278917 | We used three datasets to validate our models: the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Community Infection Survey, the Real-time Assessment of Community Transmission (REACT-1) study, and UK Government testing data. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33279440 | We observed a low rate of morbidity and mortality, which confirmed that preventative measures with isolation of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 residents can reduce resident-to-resident and resident-to-caregiver transmission. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33279492 | Wind speed (when>7 m/s) and relative humidity (>70%) was not statistically associated with transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33279857 | A therapy that restricts initial replication in the URT has the potential to prevent progression of severe lower respiratory tract disease as well as limiting person-to-person transmission. pfu/ml. […] The results of our study support clinical development of a therapy based on prophylactic TLR2/6 innate immune activation in the URT, to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and provide protection against COVID-19. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33279989 | Various next generation sequencing (NGS) based strategies have been successfully used in the recent past for tracing origins and understanding the evolution of infectious agents, investigating the spread and transmission chains of outbreaks, as well as facilitating the development of effective and rapid molecular diagnostic tests and contributing to the hunt for treatments and vaccines. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33280033 | The susceptibility of children to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and transmission of COVID-19 from children to others is a relatively unexplored area. […] The aim of this study was to understand the transmission dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in children. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33280141 | Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) may be particularly vulnerable during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic due to risk of worsening disease during infection, potential adverse impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments on neuromuscular transmission, and a limited ability to fight off infection related to immunosuppressive treatments. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33280187 | It was observed that 19.4% (104) of the participants developed a fear of Covid-19 transmission from her sexual partner during the relationship. […] The fear of infection and transmission of the disease to the partner that occurs during the Covid-19 pandemic manifests itself in the form of a decrease in the frequency and quality of sexual intercourse. | 2020-12-06 |
| 33280617 | With appropriate infection control measures, zero environmental contamination and nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to HCWs and cleaning staff was achieved. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33280853 | Using a deterministic dynamic transmission model (susceptible-carriage-infection-recovery model), the incidence rates of invasive Hib disease in under 5 year olds in rapid vaccination recovery and persistent vaccination declined scenarios were compared for the next 10 years after 2020. […] The persistent decline of Hib vaccination rate due to COVID-19 causes an incremental disease burden irrespective of the possible decline of Hib transmission rate by COVID-19 mitigation measures. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33281082 | With the rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide, early detection and efficient isolation of suspected patients are especially important to prevent the transmission. […] It highlights the importance for these technologies to curb the rapid transmission during the pandemic, considering findings from special groups such as children and pregnant women. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33281108 | This response framework may be of use to other health services and help reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in the workplace. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33281272 | A major difficulty in the analysis of Covid-19 transmission is that many infected individuals are asymptomatic. […] In this paper, we consider a parametric time varying Markov process of Coronavirus transmission and show how to estimate the model parameters and approximate the unobserved counts from daily data on infected and detected individuals and the total daily death counts. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33281434 | Among them, the safe wearing of facemasks has played a vital role in reducing the likelihood and severity of infectious respiratory disease transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33281530 | Following evidence of viral loadings and infectivity of feces of infected individuals, public health authorities have suggested to take precautions on the transmission of COVID-19 via fecal-associated routes. […] Recent discussions on fecal transmission of COVID-19 have mainly focused on municipal sewage. […] Here, we review fecal transmission of COVID-19, the practices of open defecation, and the resultant routes of transmission of fecal pathogens. […] We illustrate the potential routes of transmission of COVID-19 and other fecal pathogens via human feces in communities practicing open defecation. […] Here, poor hand hygiene, contaminated shoes and objects, mechanical vectors, and outdoor human activities can all contribute to fecal transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33281941 | This volume of work has led to early insights into risk factors associated with severity of disease, and mechanisms that underpin the virulence and dynamics involved in viral transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282060 | coronavirus disease is now a global pandemic due to rapid human-to-human transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282625 | Social contact mixing plays a critical role in influencing the transmission routes of infectious diseases. […] Here we fill in this critical gap by developing and utilizing a novel methodology, integrating social contact patterns derived from empirical data with a disease transmission model, that enables the usage of age-stratified incidence data to infer age-specific susceptibility, daily contact mixing patterns in workplace, household, school and community settings; and transmission acquired in these settings under different physical distancing measures. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282626 | Knowledge and perception on transmission and control of SARS-COV-2 infection are key to preventing outbreak of the disease in healthcare settings and in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. […] This study assessed the level of knowledge on SARS-COV-2 infection prevention, transmission and symptoms of COVID-19, as well as perceptions regarding prevention of SARS-COV-2 infection among allied radiation medicine professionals. […] Overall, the extent of knowledge among allied radiation medicine professionals on the symptoms of COVID-19, transmission and control of SARS-COV-2 infection in radiation medicine facilities were all adequate, with weighted average indices of 3.8, 4.1 and 4.4 respectively. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282637 | The public health emergency response to the COVID-19 virus has involved physical distancing strategies to reduce person-to-person transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282690 | In this review, we discuss the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the urogenital system and the possibility of urinary tract transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282761 | It is the responsibility of dental care workers to keep themselves informed and ensure safety and control transmission within dental facilities. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282819 | For ocular protection, there is ongoing hot debate and concern for potential ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33282820 | Three values of transmission rate (Tr) were considered to represent individuals’ barrier gesture compliance. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33283030 | In the light of huge information generated on SARS-CoV-2 and daily updates received from the research community, we have chosen to review the current status of animal models of SARS-CoV-2 in encompassing the areas of viral replication, transmission, active/passive immunization, clinical disease, and pathology. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33283033 | Patients and all health professionals have been forced to isolate and become innovative to continue receiving and providing exceptional healthcare services while minimizing the risk of exposure to, or transmission of, COVID-19. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33283238 | As such, a higher proportion of foreign travellers had blood/sexually transmitted diseases (89.85%, 2832 of 3152), while Chinese citizens had a higher prevalence of vector-borne diseases (85.98%, 19 247 of 22 387) and gastrointestinal diseases (79.36%, 1115 of 1405). | 2020-12-07 |
| 33283240 | To address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of the published literature on household SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters (n=213 from 12 countries). […] Only 8 (3.8%) transmission clusters were identified as having a paediatric index case. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33283840 | Research conducted in Singapore has provided insight into the clinical manifestations and period of infectivity of COVID-19, demonstrated evidence of pre-symptomatic transmission, linked infection clusters using serological tools, and highlighted aspects of hospital-based environmental contamination. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33284345 | No data are available regarding the risk of mother-to-infant transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during rooming-in. […] To evaluate the risk of postnatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected mothers to their neonates following rooming-in and breastfeeding. […] Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection were encouraged to practice rooming-in and breastfeeding under a standardized protocol to minimize the risk of viral transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33284861 | We describe a method to estimate individual risks of hospitalization and death attributable to non-household and household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 using available public data on confirmed-case incidence data along with estimates of the clinical fraction, timing of transmission, isolation adherence, secondary infection risks, contact rates, and case-hospitalization and case-fatality ratios. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33285189 | As with many countries around the world, Thailand is currently experiencing restrictions to daily life as a consequence of the worldwide transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] Unlike SARS and MERS, SARS-CoV-2 was able to establish local transmission in Thailand. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33285191 | Here we offer a Hong Kong perspective on different aspects of the pandemic virus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease : public health (diagnosis and control), food safety (reducing transmission in the workplace) and animal vectors (controlling potential reservoirs of the virus and their movements). | 2020-12-07 |
| 33285192 | This Commentary discusses various aspects around the controversial issue of SARSCoV-2 and aerosol transmission, highlighting certain counter arguments and explaining why they are invalid. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33285569 | The medical students had a greater awareness regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, and origin of COVID-19. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33285608 | A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between December 2019 and April 29, 2020 using a combination of the keywords such as COVID-19, coronavirus 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pregnancy, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, vertical transmission, management, and guidelines. […] Despite eight of 206 newborns testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, there remains no definitive evidence of vertical transmission. […] COVID-19 status alone became a common indication for cesarean delivery early in the pandemic, despite lack of evidence for vertical transmission. | 2020-12-07 |
| 33285727 | COVID-19 has the characteristics of rapid transmission, atypical clinical symptoms, easy missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and so on. which has seriously affected social and economic development and people’s health. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287004 | We consider local and non-local modes of disease transmission. […] The first simulates transmission through social contacts in the vicinity of the place of residence while the second through social contacts in public places: schools, hospitals, airports, etc., where many people meet, who live in remote geographic locations. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287167 | These findings could help us understand the pandemic’s dynamics and the conceptions of the risk of transmission to promote policies on health and safety in this group of workers. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287717 | In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287730 | In our renal service we reduced HD frequency from thrice to twice-weekly in selected patients with the primary aim of reducing COVID 19 exposure and transmission between HD patients. […] This approach could help mitigate COVID-19 transmission amongst dialysis patients in centres with similar organisational pressures. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287780 | Reducing information uncertainty is essential not only for halting virus transmission but also for mitigating negative impacts of the pandemic on people’s psychosocial wellbeing. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287789 | Instead of modelling specific intervention types and timings for each country explicitly, we adopt a stochastic epidemiological model including a feedback mechanism on virus transmission to capture complex nonlinear dynamics arising from continuous changes in community behaviour in response to rising case numbers. […] Countries with the largest cumulative case tallies are characterised by a delayed response, whereas countries that avoid substantial community transmission during the period of study responded quickly. […] Countries that recovered rapidly also have a higher case identification rate and small numbers of undocumented community transmission at the early stages of the outbreak. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287821 | We used a stochastic, individual-based model to simulate transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) along detailed inter-individual contact networks describing patient-staff interactions in a real LTCF setting. […] In the baseline scenario, randomly introducing a silent SARS-CoV-2 infection into a 170-bed LTCF led to large outbreaks, with a cumulative 86 (95% uncertainty interval 6-224) infections after 3 weeks of unmitigated transmission. […] Efficacy of symptom-based screening was limited by lags to symptom onset and silent asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission. […] At high testing capacity (> 10 tests/100 beds/day), cascades were most effective, with a 19-36% probability of detecting outbreaks prior to any nosocomial transmission, and 26-46% prior to first onset of COVID-19 symptoms. […] Increasing testing capacity and updating surveillance protocols accordingly could facilitate earlier detection of emerging outbreaks, informing a need for urgent intervention in settings with ongoing nosocomial transmission. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287846 | Public health implications of transmission, while the asymptomatic/presymptomatic infection is a critical concern at the current pandemic. […] Due the occurrence of a large proportion of infections being a result from transmission originated in asymptomatic/presymptomatic individuals, public health interventions in Colombia should be based on two steps: a massive molecular screening, and viral load quantification. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287880 | Lately, one of the major clinical and public health issues has been represented by Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy and the risk of transmission of the infection from mother to child. […] According to the available reports, neonatal COVID-19 appears to have a horizontal transmission and seems to be paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic, compared to older age groups. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287908 | HCW to HCW transmission represented the likely source of the four outbreaks. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33287945 | The transmission method of the infection is primarily through droplets of various sizes. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33288313 | Dental professionals work closely with patients and present an increased risk of person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33288314 | The variation in the speed and intensity of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and severity of the resulting COVID-19 disease are still imperfectly understood. […] We postulate a dose-response relationship in COVID-19, and that “the dose of virus in the initial inoculum” is an important missing link in understanding several incompletely explained observations in COVID-19 as a factor in transmission dynamics and severity of disease. […] We hypothesize that: (1) Viral dose in inoculum is related to severity of disease, (2) Severity of disease is related to transmission potential, and (3) In certain contexts, chains of severe cases can build up to severe local outbreaks, and large-scale intensive epidemics. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33288420 | Twenty-two participants from 16 European countries described a range of measures to protect patients, public and healthcare staff against virus transmission including developing and disseminating educational materials. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33288973 | The aim is to explain the virus transmission and to investigate the impact of quarantine on decreasing the prevalence rate of the virus in the environment. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33288983 | Our proposed model incorporates transmission rate, testing rates, and transition rate (from asymptomatic to symptomatic population groups) for a holistic study of the coronavirus disease. […] In the absence of vaccine and treatment, our analysis strongly supports the significance reduction in the transmission rate as a valuable strategy to curb the spread of the virus. […] Once the infected individuals are identified and isolated, the interaction between susceptible and infected individuals diminishes and transmission reduces. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33288993 | Spatial modeling of disease transmission is important to guide the response to the epidemic at the subnational level. […] Sociodemographic and healthcare factors such as age structure, population density, long-term illness, hospital beds and nurse practitioners can be used to explain and predict the spatial transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33289230 | This includes video conferencing, wearables, and telemedicine applications (King, 2020; Morris, 2020; Weiss et al., 2020); all of which lower the number of patients entering hospitals and care facilities, thus reducing risks of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33289616 | In parallel, there has been a continued increase in understanding of how the disease affects patients, effectiveness of therapeutic options, and factors that modulate transmission risk. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33289923 | This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of paediatric cases. […] The epidemic curve of child cases lagged behind that of adult cases by 19 days, and the major form of transmission observed was in clusters. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33289973 | In addition, hydroxychloroquine was not associated with a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission than usual care (18.7% and 17.8%, respectively). | 2020-12-08 |
| 33290126 | It should be emphasized that the COVID-19 biospecimens must be collected, processed, and preserved by trained personnel equipped with right personal protective equipment to prevent the transmission of the coronavirus and ensure the specimen quality for testing and research. […] In conclusion, following the recommended guidance and policies with extreme precautions is essential to ensure the quality of the collected COVID-19 biospecimens and accuracy of the conducted research or treatment, and prevent any possible transmission. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33290402 | Globally, public health measures like face masks, hand hygiene and maintaining social distancing have been implemented to delay and reduce local transmission of COVID-19. […] We synthesized evidence of community interventions and innovative practices to mitigate COVID-19 as well as previous respiratory outbreak infections which may share some aspects of transmission dynamics with COVID-19. […] Further two studies that looked at combined use of face masks and hand hygiene interventions showed the effectiveness in controlling the transmission of influenza OR 0.94 and 95% CI = 0.58-1.54. […] Nine studies on social distancing intervention demonstrated the importance of physical distance through closure of learning institutions on the transmission dynamics of disease. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33290516 | In the spring of 2020, US schools closed to in-person teaching and sports were cancelled to control the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-12-08 |
| 33291000 | We reviewed multiple aspects of COVID peri-pandemic air travel, including data on traveller numbers, peri-flight prevention, and testing recommendations and in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission, photo-epidemiology of mask use, the pausing of air travel to mass gathering events, and quarantine measures and their effectiveness. […] Although the risk of in-flight transmission is considered to be very low, estimated at one case per 27 million travellers, confirmed in-flight cases have been published. […] Quarantine of travellers may delay introduction or re-introduction of the virus, or may delay the peak of transmission, but the effect is small and there is limited evidence. | 2020-12-08 |
| 33291404 | Our data confirm the importance of using facemasks in combination with other measures to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the workplace. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33291939 | The current evidence suggests that masks are efficacious in limiting the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). | 2020-12-09 |
| 33292095 | Our model shows that isolation of symptomatic cases or regional lockdowns in response to local outbreaks have limited efficacy unless the overall transmission rate is kept persistently low. […] Additional isolation of non-symptomatic infected individuals, who may be detected by effective test-and-trace strategies, is pivotal to reducing the overall epidemic size over a wider range of transmission scenarios. […] When both non-symptomatic and symptomatic individuals are isolated or regional lockdown strategies are enforced, we further found the strongest urban-rural epidemic gradients at high transmission rates. […] Our results emphasize the importance of test-and-trace strategies and maintaining low transmission rates for efficiently controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread, both at landscape scale and in urban areas. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33292370 | We explore COVID-19 treatment service options at the patient level (diagnosis, management, location and level of treatment) and measures to reduce nosocomial transmission (cohorting patients, protecting healthcare workers). | 2020-12-09 |
| 33292919 | Using a stochastic model, we assess the risk of importation-induced local transmission chains in locations seeing few or no local transmissions and evaluate the role of quarantine in the mitigation of this risk. […] We find that the rate of importations plays a critical role in determining the risk that case importations lead to local transmission chains, more so than local transmission characteristics, i.e. strength of social distancing measures (NPI). […] Locations that see no or low-level local transmission should ensure that the rate of importations remains low. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33292923 | This finding expands our knowledge on timing and mapping of novel coronavirus transmission pathways. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33293300 | As evidence on COVID-19 continues to emerge, its impact on the eyes is becoming more apparent, leading to a better understanding of ocular manifestations and transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33293326 | Sociodemographic characteristics strongly associated with AC were identified, which may explain its epidemiological relevance and usefulness to optimise mass screening strategies and prevent person-to-person transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33293331 | There is high risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in congregate settings, including shelters. […] Our study underscores the high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in congregate living settings and the importance of mobilizing timely testing and management of symptomatic, paucisymptomatic and asymptomatic residents in shelters. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33293665 | An incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis and viral spread has resulted in evolving guidelines to reduce transmission from infected mothers to neonates. […] Fortunately, the risk of neonatal infection via perinatal/postnatal transmission is low when recommended precautions are followed. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33293755 | High efficiency air filtration has been suggested to reduce airborne transmission of ‘infectious’ aerosols. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294034 | The substantial transmission from asymptomatic people has facilitated the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, hampering public health initiatives to identify and isolate infected people during the pre-symptomatic contagious period. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294109 | Contact tracing is a public health measure implemented to control the spread and break the chains of transmission of an infectious disease. […] It is done by identifying, assessing, and managing people who have been exposed to an infectious disease to prevent onward transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294111 | Diagnostic strategies available to identify or rule out current infection, or to identify people in need of care escalation, or to test for past infection and immune response have become available, to reduce household and community transmission. […] However, the benefits are likely to be more noticeable in countries, like Africa where community transmission is high. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294384 | However, a major characteristic of the COVID-19 pandemic is the rapid viral transmission in populations with no immunity. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294423 | Future studies need to focus on whether complete viral particles can be seen in semen and the possibility of sexual transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294484 | The results of this study provide an alternative explanation for the spread of the disease, and suggest some valuable policy recommendations about the control strategies applied to mitigate disease transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294487 | COVID-19 is a new pandemic with very little information available about its transmission and association with environmental factors. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294594 | Limited clinical data and the unknown nature of the virus’ impact and transmission routes have forced constant changes to traditional care delivery. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294598 | Many institutions have experimented with providing some psychiatric services remotely to reduce the number of people physically present on the wards and decrease the risk of disease transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294745 | We developed a mathematical model, stratifying the population by age, infection status and treatment status to project SARS-CoV-2 transmission during and after the reopening period. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294749 | Several statistical, dynamic, and mathematical models of the COVID-19 outbreak including the SEIR model have been developed to analyze the infection its transmission dynamics. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294907 | These have the potential to undermine efforts to reduce viral transmission and may lead to social inequalities in health outcomes in Australia. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33294959 | The comparative analysis of data shows a 54% reduction of telemedicine electrocardiogram transmission in Genoa telemedicine center (from 364 to 166), 68% in Brescia (from 5.745 to 1.905), 24% in Bari (from 15.825 to 11.716); relative reduction according to electrocardiogram diagnosis was 38% for acute coronary syndrome, 40% for other acute CVD in Genoa center, 24% for acute coronary syndrome, and 38% for other acute CVD in Bari. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295073 | The high transmission and mortality rates of this virus, and the unavailability of a vaccine or treatment, resulted in the decision of multiple governments to enact measures of social distancing. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295095 | We inoculated the bats both oropharyngeally and nasally, and over the ensuing three weeks, we measured infectivity, pathology, virus concentrations in tissues, oral and rectal virus excretion, virus transmission, and clinical signs of disease. […] We found no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in any examined bat, including no viral excretion, no transmission, no detectable virus in tissues, and no signs of disease or pathology. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295140 | Delivery of shorter treatment schedules for radiotherapy offers advantages like short overall treatment time, improved throughput on the machine, improved compliance and reduced risk of transmission of COVID 19. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295309 | Internationally and in Cuba, these are organized according to three epidemiological phases: stage 1, pre-epidemic; stage 2, limited local transmission; and stage 3, epidemic. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295317 | The COVID-19 pandemic exhibits different characteristics in each country, related to the extent of SARS-CoV-2 local transmission, as well as the speed and effectiveness of epidemic response implemented by authorities. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295321 | There is a concerted effort within the global scientifi c community to identify (and thereby potentially mitigate) the possible modes of transmission through which the virus spreads throughout populations. […] EVIDENCE AQUISITION We conducted an extensive literature search using electronic databases for scientifi c articles addressing SARSCoV-2 transmission published from December 28, 2019 through July 31, 2020. […] The report captured relevant studies investigating three main areas: 1) viral survival, 2) transmission period and transmissibility, and 3) routes of viral spread. […] Temperature and humidity are important factors infl uencing viral survival and transmission. […] The basic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission person-to-person contact through respiratory droplets, or via indirect contact. […] Aerosolized transmission is likely the dominant route for the spread of SARS-CoV-2, particularly in healthcare facilities. […] Although SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in non-respiratory specimens, including stool, blood and breast milk, their role in transmission remains uncertain. […] A complicating factor in disease control is viral transmission by asymptomatic individuals and through what would otherwise be understood as innocuous human activities. […] CONCLUSIONS This article provides a review of the published research regarding human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and insights into developing effective control strategies to stop viral propagation. […] KEYWORDS COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, pandemics, microbial viability. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295324 | Despite fast-tracked research, the precise origin, transmission and evolution of COVID-19 are still unknown. […] While the bat genus Rhinolophus is likely the primary source of the zoonotic-origin pathogen SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19, its transmission route into the human population is still being studied.[ | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295386 | to reflect on the interface between the Coronavirus pandemic and nursing theories. theoretical-reflective assay, anchored in the theoretical constructs of Dorothea Orem, Florence Nightingale and Callista Roy. in the interface with Orem, the professional, based on the nursing systems, offers health education for the virus prevention, the conduct of home isolation and in high complexity assistance when there is worsening of COVID19; with Nightingale, it is revealed the importance of environmental sanitation, ventilation, personal and domestic cleaning and the surrounding areas; with Roy, focal stimuli are perceived such as the symptoms of COVID19, contextual stimuli related to comorbidities, and residual stimuli, concerning to work stress due to high viral transmission and lack of protective equipment. nurses can use the theoretical framework of nursing theories as tools to guide their care in this pandemic situation. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295409 | Overall, > 96% of the participants had adequate knowledge about the transmission routes of COVID-19. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295435 | This coinfection might exacerbate the gastrointestinal signs and symptoms and increased the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Clostridioides . | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295606 | Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and LPS-FITC analyses demonstrated that S protein modulated the aggregation state of LPS, providing a molecular explanation for the observed boosting effect. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295843 | Their wide distribution in the human population subsequently results in an increased risk of human-to-animal transmission: reverse zoonosis. […] Virus exposure in high-density populations could allow sustained transmission in susceptible animal species. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33295956 | Despite austere conditions with rudimentary improvements to a nonstandard facility, the ad hoc team composed entirely of members of the Vermont National Guard successfully oversaw patient care from admission to discharge while maintaining a zero-percent transmission rate to staff. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296046 | There was no IR procedure-related COVID-19 cross-transmission. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296169 | In this Review, we summarize current understanding on the source, transmission characteristics, and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296334 | At the moment, controlling the source of infection, the route of transmission and taking care of infected patients are the main challenges for health authorities in all Arab countries. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296427 | The survey was administered between March 11th and 17th, 2020, during a time of local transmission but prior to the surge of cases. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296437 | To investigate the relationship between viral load and secondary transmission in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Using a case-control approach, index patients who transmitted the disease to at least one other patient were analysed as “cases” (index patients) compared with patients who were not the cause of secondary transmission (non-index patients, analysed as “controls”). […] High nasopharyngeal viral loads around onset may contribute to secondary transmission of COVID-19. […] Viral load may help provide a better understanding of why transmission is observed in some instances, but not in others, especially among household contacts. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296580 | R0 should be considered as a population-averaged value that pools the contact structure according to a stochastic transmission process. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33296868 | To contain the transmission of this virus, the Swiss Federal Council ordered a nationwide lockdown of all nonessential businesses. | 2020-12-09 |
| 33297613 | Influenza viruses can have frequent antigenic variation and changes, which can result in rapid and widespread transmission resulting in annual epidemics and outbreaks in places of public gathering such as schools, kindergartens and nursing homes. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33297638 | The time sequence transmission map and the cases travel track showed that, in the research area, the epidemic situation of COVID-19 was mainly caused by imported case, and the clustering transmission was the major spread model. […] The time sequence transmission map and the cases travel track are worth popularizing in the prevention and control of major infectious diseases. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33297639 | Strengthened prevention and control of imported COVID-19 effectively reduced the of transmission risk of COVID-19 in communities. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33297921 | Large droplets Settle close and are responsible for Droplet and Fomite transmission but the smaller droplets remain suspended in air and travel farther distances to cause Airborne transmission. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33298599 | When schools are kept closed because of the fear that they will be sites of significant transmission, children and their families are harmed in multiple ways and college students who are living on campus, whether or not they are attending classes in person, are contributing to high rates of transmission and experiencing high rates of exposure. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33298935 | Viral whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides critical insight into the transmission and evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-12-10 |
| 33298986 | In this paper, a novel stochastic model was proposed aiming to account for the unique transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and capture the effects of intervention measures implemented in Mainland China. […] We found that: (1) instead of aberration, there was a remarkable amount of asymptomatic virus carriers, (2) a virus carrier with symptoms was approximately twice more likely to pass the disease to others than that of an asymptomatic virus carrier, (3) the transmission rate reduced significantly since the implementation of control measures in Mainland China, and (4) it was expected that the epidemic outbreak would be contained by early March in the selected provinces and cities in China. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33299368 | Besides, a very swift transmission of viruses distributed within 213 countries, including Ethiopia. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33299960 | We find that hurricane evacuation increases the total number of COVID-19 cases in both origin and destination locations; however, if transmission rates in destination counties can be kept from rising during evacuation, excess evacuation-induced case numbers can be minimized by directing evacuees to counties experiencing lower COVID-19 transmission rates. […] These results are relevant to disease transmission during evacuations stemming from additional climate-related hazards such as wildfires and floods. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33300286 | In the United States of America, the medical response has been regionalized, based on variation in community transmission of the virus and localized outbreaks. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33300586 | However, the risk of infection through indirect transmission routes remains unclear. […] The probability of infection for various routes of transmission through face-touching behavior was then calculated. […] The probabilities of infection through hand-to-mouth transmission from nonporous and porous environments had log-normal (LN) distributions with geometric means (GMs) of 0.0116 and 0.0002, geometric deviations (GDs) of 2.9822 and 3.5560, and medians of 0.0127 and 0.0002, respectively, while those through hand-to-nose transmission from nonporous and porous environments had LN distributions with GMs of 0.0006 and 0.0000, GDs of 43.2310 and 47.3372, and medians of 0.0009 and 0.0000, respectively. […] The probability of infection through hand-to-eye transmission from a nonporous environment had a beta distribution with α = 2.38803, β = 13.60457, a minimum of 0.0045, a maximum of 0.9021, and a median of 0.1179, while that from a porous environment had a Weibull distribution with a scale parameter of 0.0030, a shape parameter of 1.323, and a median of 0.0023. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33300622 | Strategies to minimise the risk of virus transmission, to ensure safe clinical optometric teaching and how to overcome the challenges presented by COVID-19 are described. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33300948 | During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the general public has been advised to wear masks or improvised face coverings to limit transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301024 | Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301247 | A systematic review of the world literature data on surgical management and preoperative screening of cancer patients within the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and resumption of elective surgery. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301416 | No treatment for COVID-19 is yet available; therefore, providing access to information about SARS-CoV-2, the transmission route of the virus, and ways to prevent the spread of infection is a critical sanitary measure worldwide. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301418 | Big data from social media such as geotagged tweets have been widely used in human mobility studies, yet more research is needed to validate the capabilities and limitations of using such data for studying human movement at different geographic scales (eg, from local to global) in the context of global infectious disease transmission. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301431 | The Office of Head Start gave its local programs that remained open the flexibility to use CARES Act funds to implement CDC-recommended guidance (1) and other ancillary measures to provide in-person services in the early phases of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in April and May 2020, when many similar programs remained closed. […] Head Start programs successfully implemented CDC-recommended mitigation strategies and supported other practices that helped to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission among children and staff members. […] Implementing and monitoring adherence to recommended mitigation strategies reduces risk for COVID-19 transmission in child care settings. […] These approaches could be applied to other early care and education settings that remain open for in-person learning and potentially reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301434 |
|
2020-12-10 |
| 33301457 | Estimation of the effective reproductive number Rt is important for detecting changes in disease transmission over time. […] Two key challenges common to all approaches are accurate specification of the generation interval and reconstruction of the time series of new infections from observations occurring long after the moment of transmission. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301459 | False-negative cases have important implications for isolation and risk of transmission of infected people and for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301692 | One reason is that contact tracing’s ability to break the chain of transmission is only as effective as the proportion of contacts who are actually traced. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301722 | These measures carry a high economic and social cost, and might have little effect on COVID-19 epidemics if there are many more cases resulting from local transmission compared with imported cases. […] Our study aims to investigate the extent to which imported cases contribute to local transmission under different epidemic conditions. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33301725 | Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from individuals without symptoms contributes to pandemic spread, but the extent of transmission from persistently asymptomatic individuals remains unknown. […] Accurate characterisation of the persistently asymptomatic fraction of infected individuals might shed light on COVID-19 pathogenesis and transmission dynamics, and inform public health responses. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33302250 | Understanding what the public knows about COVID-19 and identifying beliefs based on misinformation can help shape effective public health communications to ensure efforts to reduce viral transmission are not undermined. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33302252 | The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of millions and forced countries to devise public health policies to reduce the pace of transmission. […] In light of these exacerbating factors, public health surveillance is particularly necessary to help leaders understand and implement effective disease control policies to reduce SARS-CoV-2 persistence and transmission. […] The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics, in combination with traditional surveillance, for COVID-19 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence to better understand a country’s risk for explosive growth and to better inform those who are managing the pandemic. […] Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33302253 | Future work using this data set will explore the relationship between county-level policies and COVID-19 transmission to optimize real-time policy formulation. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33302255 | The rapid transmission rate of the virus has shown a greater need for efficient and technologically modern containment measures. | 2020-12-10 |
| 33302501 | Research has shown that the structural spike (S) protein plays an important role in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33302852 | The vaccination of the human population and animals serving as a potential reservoir is a straight forward strategy to control the transmission of any pathogen to humans. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303007 | Consequently, international travel may have played a role in the transmission of the disease into Iowa. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303065 | We report epidemiological investigations of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 41 classes of 36 schools in Reggio Emilia province, northern Italy, from their reopening on 1 September to 15 October 2020. […] More timely isolation and testing of classmates could be effective in reducing virus transmission in this setting. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303303 | Many countries across the globe utilized medical and non-medical facemasks as non-pharmaceutical intervention for reducing the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303307 | ) due to its high transmission rate. […] COVID-19 genes have been found adherent to particulate matter which has been suggested as a vector for this virus’ transmission. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303345 | In this narrative review we address potential mechanisms regarding viral transmission, physical reserve and the immune system, increasing the severity of this infection in elderly patients. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303453 | Researchers and public health officials should deploy web campaigns as early as possible in an epidemic to detect, identify and engage those potentially at risk to help prevent transmission of the disease. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303516 | We parameterised the model using published data on the transmission rates and progression dynamics of COVID-19, and demographic and spatial data from Europe’s largest refugee camp, the Moria displacement camp on Lesbos, Greece. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303543 | Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been a major feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303589 | Despite prior predictions of devil extinction, transmission rates have declined precipitously from ~3.5 secondary infections per infected individual to ~1 at present. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303686 | One, in a skilled nursing facility, led to rapid transmission and significant mortality in this vulnerable population but little broader spread, whereas other introductions into the facility had little effect. […] The second, at an international business conference, produced sustained community transmission and was exported, resulting in extensive regional, national, and international spread. […] The two events also differed substantially in the genetic variation they generated, suggesting varying transmission dynamics in superspreading events. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303910 | Different approaches are followed to mitigate its impact and reduce its spreading in different countries, but limiting mobility and exposure have been de-facto precautions to reduce transmission. […] An evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach on risk zoning, personal and transmission risk assessment in near real-time, and risk communication would support the optimized decisions to minimize the impact of coronavirus on our lives. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33303925 | The susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model offers the simplest framework to study transmission dynamics of COVID-19, however, it does not factor in its early depleting trend observed during a lockdown. […] We modified the SIR model to specifically simulate the early depleting transmission dynamics of COVID-19 to better predict its temporal trend in Malaysia. […] Next, the model was modified with a partial time-varying force of infection, given by a proportionally depleting transmission coefficient, [Formula: see text] and a fractional term, z. […] The transmission dynamics of COVID-19 was interrupted immediately by the lockdown. […] The depleting transmission dynamics for COVID-19 during lockdown can be accurately captured by time-varying SIR model. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33304316 | Governments around the globe have introduced quarantine, lockdown, and mandatory isolation to slow the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33304657 | Phlylogeography showed that there were inter-continental spread of Bt-CoV from Europe, China and Hong Kong into Central and Southern Africa, highlighting the possibility of long distance transmission. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33305015 | The transmission control of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most effective strategy by the absence of its specified vaccine or drug. […] Although the aerosol mediated transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, the physicochemical treatment of the biotic and abiotic objects is still the most promising approach in its infection control. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33305112 | During the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, several physicians have questioned pursuing belatacept in kidney-transplant patients in order to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission during the monthly infusion. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33305352 | Though uncommon, the review shows that vertical transmission is possible. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33305553 | Rigorous contact tracing and tracking of COVID patients and monitoring home quarantine helped in preventing community transmission. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33306423 | To date, the transmission of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still uncontrollable with the fact that the numbers of confirmed and death cases are still increasing. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33306459 | We performed a phylogeographic analysis using sequences from our cohort and other studies that indicate a minimum of 23 independent introductions into Uruguay, resulting in five major transmission clusters. […] Our data suggest that most introductions resulting in chains of transmission originate from other South American countries, with the earliest seeding of the virus in late February 2020, weeks before the borders were closed to all non-citizens and a partial lockdown implemented. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33306718 | Virus transmission may occur by contact, droplet, airborne or via contaminated surfaces. […] In efforts to effectively control the COVID-19 outbreak, the world health organization (WHO) and the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) have advised the public to practice protective measures to reduce transmission of the virus and reduce incidence of infection. […] Overall, the findings reflected high public knowledge of SARS-CoV2 transmission routes and adherence to personal protective measures. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33306981 | Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission in educational settings is crucial for ensuring the safety of staff and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 event rates and case rates were calculated for staff and students, and direction of transmission was inferred on the basis of symptom onset and testing dates. […] Probable direction of transmission was staff to staff in 26 outbreaks, staff to student in eight outbreaks, student to staff in 16 outbreaks, and student to student in five outbreaks. […] The strong association with regional COVID-19 incidence emphasises the importance of controlling community transmission to protect educational settings. […] Interventions should focus on reducing transmission in and among staff. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33307081 | Therefore, the probability of airborne transmission due to respiratory aerosol is very low in outdoor conditions, even if it could be more relevant for community indoor environments, in which further studies are necessary to investigate the potential risks. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33307083 | With the global lockdown, meteorological factors are highly discussed for COVID-19 transmission. […] In this study, national-specific and region-specific data sets from Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom were used to explore the effect of temperature, absolute humidity and diurnal temperature range (DTR) on COVID-19 transmission. […] After controlling that, our results indicate that both the cold and the dry environment also likely facilitate the COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33307163 | Incorporating cardiovascular care leaders into pandemic planning and operations will help healthcare systems minimize cardiac care delivery disruptions, while maintaining critical care and hospital ward surge capacity and continuing measures to reduce transmission risk in healthcare settings. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33307549 | To assess the impact of COVID-19 and both state and institutional policies implemented to mitigate viral transmission (including institutional policies on non-urgent procedures) on anatomic pathology volumes. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33307556 | The SARS-CoV-19 pandemic continues to be globally related with significant morbidity and mortality, making protective measures to prevent transmission of the virus still necessary. | 2020-12-11 |
| 33307835 | To improve patients’ outcomes and decrease infection transmission risk in the alternative care facility, hospital planners, administrators, and clinicians can take cues from evidence-based strategies implemented in biocontainment units and standard inpatient rooms. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33307917 | SARS-CoV-2 transmission being responsible for the current pandemic, appears through airborne aerosols and droplets, thus, there has been an intense focus on such aerosol-generating procedures, and their reduction. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308354 | Care homes are vulnerable to widespread transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with poor outcomes for staff and residents. […] We developed an agent-based model that simulates the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 via contacts between individuals, including residents, staff members, and visitors in a care home setting. […] Modeling results are very sensitive to transmission probability per contact, but the qualitative finding is robust to varying parameter values in our uncertainty analysis. […] Our model predictions suggest that routine testing should target staff in care homes in conjunction with adherence to strict hand hygiene and using personal protective equipment to reduce risk of transmission per contact. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308357 | To describe epidemiologic and genomic characteristics of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a large skilled nursing facility (SNF), and the strategies that controlled transmission. […] Early implementation of targeted testing, serial PPS, and multimodal IPC interventions limited SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the SNF. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308385 | We followed up the secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the contacts of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in Bhutan. […] Secondary transmission occurred in seven high-risk contacts. […] Therefore, the overall secondary transmission was 9.0% (7/75) and 0.6% (7/1,095) among the high-risk and primary contacts, respectively. […] No transmission occurred in the secondary contacts. […] In contrast to several reports indicating high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in contacts of confirmed cases, the mostly young, asymptomatic, and mild cases of COVID-19 in Bhutan showed limited secondary transmission. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308514 | Understanding initial jurisdictions’ approaches are critical to current and future emergency planning during school closures and reopening to help address food insecurity better, limit disease transmission, and prevent health disparities, particularly among at-risk populations. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308657 | Though the mode of transmission is similar, compared to H1N1, COVID-19 is associated with different comorbidities and has significantly higher mortality. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308660 | These developments may have serious implications for TB progression and transmission in India. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33308795 | Confinement, state of health emergency, barrier gestures, physical distancing, etc., an arsenal of unprecedented measures has been put in place in France to break the chains of transmission of the virus and prevent the subsequent disease, COVID-19. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309005 | We reviewed the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual health regarding transmission and safe sex practices, pregnancy, dating and intimacy amid the pandemic, benefits of sex, and impact on sexual dysfunctions. […] Coronavirus transmission occurs via inhalation and touching infected surfaces. […] Nonmonogamy plays a key role in transmission hubs. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309251 | Limited knowledge about the contagiosity and case fatality rate of COVID-19 as well as the still enigmatic route of transmission have led to strict limitations of non-emergency health care especially in head and neck medicine and dentistry. […] Thus, the significance of intraoral tissues for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and persistence cannot be assessed. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309698 | The role of school closure in mitigating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission has been questioned. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309765 | The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from mother to child and developmental toxicity in the fetus. […] Furthermore, there is the possibility of maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309820 | At the beginning of the epidemic, much attention is paid to person-to-person transmission, disinfection of virus-contaminated surfaces, and social distancing. […] However, there is much debate about the routes of disease transmission, including airborne transmission, so it is important to elucidate the exact route of transmission of the COVID-19 disease. […] To this end, the first systematic review study was conducted to comprehensively search all databases to collect studies on airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor air environments. […] Based on the findings, there is a great possibility of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor air environments. […] Finally, in addition to the recommendations of the centers and official authorities such as hand washing and observing social distancing, the route of air transmission should also be considered to further protect health personnel, patients in hospitals, and the public in other Public Buildings. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309910 | Three categories of barriers emerged: (1) the potential to do harm to the patient, including difficulty in predicting harm and lack of existing data to inform quantification of risks; (2) the feasibility of trialing this novel treatment strategy in the clinical setting, in particular trial design and recruitment, patient selection and buy-in from relevant clinician groups; and (3) the logistics of delivering the treatment, in particular risks of transmission to other patients and resources required for patient transfer. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33309913 | This study aimed to assess whether cluster infection prevention is possible by evaluating the association between viral transmission and meteorological factors. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33310371 | From a total of 184 articles, we found that metagenomics and transcriptomics were the main sources of data to perform phylogenetic analysis aimed at corroborating zoonotic transmission, identifying the animal origin and taxonomic allocation of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33310417 | Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many jurisdictions, including Canada, have made use of public health measures such as COVID-19 quarantine to reduce the transmission of the virus. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33311429 | Understanding virus biology and characterization of the host factors involved in coronavirus transmission and pathogenesis may offer novel options for development of efficient therapeutic and preventive strategies. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33311501 | Similarly, only 19% of virus introductions into New Zealand resulted in ongoing transmission of more than one additional case. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33311687 | Dentistry is a high-risk profession for occupational virus transmission because of the close proximity of the operator to the patient during treatment and the procedural generation of aerosols.The impact on the provision of dental care has been profound, with routine care restricted or paused for a period around the world. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312022 | In the recent three studies with the highest number of cases, it is reported that mothers who had COVID-19 infection in the last trimester, can breastfeed their babies if they comply with the appropriate hygiene and transmission prevention rules. […] Topics as; its transmission via vaginal secretions during vaginal delivery, presence of the virus in breast milk and whether it has a teratogenic effect in intrauterine period, have not been fully explained. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312128 | Could the seminal fluid represent a way of sexual transmission for the virus? | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312466 | The COVID-19 can also occur in neonates although vertical transmission from mothers to fetuses during pregnancy is rare. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312511 | Understanding carriage and transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 in children is of paramount importance to understand the spread of virus in school and community settings. […] We performed an updated rapid review to investigate the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] We did not identify additional studies that reported documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by children. […] We identified 15 new studies that demonstrate children’s susceptibility and transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 with evidence provided on the chance of being index or secondary cases, the potential of faecal-oral transmission, and the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. […] There is little data on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools. […] There is somewhat limited evidence available for quantifying the extent to which children may contribute to overall transmission, but the balance of evidence so far suggests that children and schools play only a limited role in overall transmission. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312513 | To prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), strict control of person-to-person transmission is essential. […] Family transmission is the most common route of transmission; however, family transmission patterns and outcomes are not well understood. […] We enrolled confirmed cases discharged from Wuhan Zhuankou Fangcang Shelter Hospital from February 17, 2020 to March 8, 2020 along with the family members they had contact with, to evaluate baseline characteristics, family transmission patterns and outcomes. […] Our data found eight family transmission patterns, of which spousal transmission was the most common. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312856 | In the United States, the rapid transmission of cases has created challenges for healthcare systems across the country. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33312860 | Thorough search of articles and recommendations were done to look into the characteristics of the virus in terms of transmission and risks during surgery. […] Smoke plume characteristics, composition and risk of viral transmission were also studied. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33313148 | Importantly, the expression of ACE2 was positively correlated with genes that regulate viral reproduction and transmission. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33313456 | While surveillance can identify changes in COVID-19 transmission patterns over time and space, sections of the population at risk, and the efficacy of public health measures, reported cases of COVID-19 are generally understood to only capture a subset of the actual number of cases. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33313572 | Vertical transmission of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), has been reported in case reports and series, while the data regarding its transmission is still not enough. […] We herein report a possible vertical transmission of COVID-19 from a mother to the neonate. […] Although vertical transmission of COVID-19 has not been proved yet, but there are several lines of evidences suggesting it. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33313575 | We conducted a rapid review to investigate the impact face mask use has had in controlling transmission of respiratory viral infections. […] Face masks use have shown a great potential for preventing respiratory virus transmission including COVID-19. […] Therefore, if everyone wears a face mask in public, it offers a double barrier against COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33313649 | GBS incidence has fallen during the pandemic, which may be the influence of lockdown measures reducing transmission of GBS inducing pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni and respiratory viruses. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33314185 | Most of the donors know COVID-19, its transmission routes and manifestations. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33314322 | Although the restriction of dental services was deemed necessary in order to minimize the risk of transmission of COVID-19 in the dental setting, the impact of these restrictions on oral health will be long lasting. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315049 | To distinguish reinfection from persistent infection and detect potential transmission clusters, whole genome sequencing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs of all individuals including the reinfection case’s first episode. […] Although contact tracing and virus culture remained inconclusive, the health care worker formed a transmission cluster with 3 patients and showed evidence of virus replication but not of neutralizing antibodies in her nasopharyngeal swabs. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315116 | Crowded indoor environments, such as households, are high-risk settings for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] To examine evidence for household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, disaggregated by several covariates, and to compare it with other coronaviruses. […] Search terms included SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 with secondary attack rate, household, close contacts, contact transmission, contact attack rate, or family transmission. […] A total of 54 relevant studies with 77 758 participants reporting household secondary transmission were identified. […] The findings of this study suggest that given that individuals with suspected or confirmed infections are being referred to isolate at home, households will continue to be a significant venue for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315181 | One of the key approaches to minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission would be to reduce the titres of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of infected COVID-19 patients. […] Within the limitation of the current study, as number of the samples analyzed, the use of CPC and PI formulated that commercial mouth-rinses may be useful as a pre-procedural rinse to help reduce the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315584 | Ascertaining preferences for SARS-CoV-2 testing and incorporating findings into the design and implementation of strategies for delivering testing services may enhance testing uptake and engagement, a prerequisite to reducing onward transmission. […] This study aims to determine important drivers of decisions to obtain a SARS-CoV-2 test in the context of increasing community transmission. […] Testing strategies that offer both PCR and serology with noninvasive methods and rapid turnaround time would likely have the most uptake and engagement among residents in communities with increasing community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315585 | Time-dependent transmission rates and effective reproduction numbers were estimated. […] Ohio’s transmission rates declined before the state’s “stay at home” order, which provided evidence that early intervention is important. […] Wearing masks was significantly associated with reducing the transmission rates after reopening, when comparing New York and Ohio. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315687 | Needed research to elucidate the predominant SARS-CoV-2 mode of transmission is not likely to be completed in the immediate future. […] Nonetheless, implementation of existing measures based on basic infection prevention principles is likely to prevent transmission significantly. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315725 | The global ophthalmology community published reports outlining the enhanced infection control measures undertaken by different institutions around the world to mitigate transmission of the novel coronavirus. […] Glaucoma specialists have responded to the pandemic with innovative modifications to reduce viral transmission and optimize patient and staff safety in the office and operating room. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315728 | It most likely reflects a combination of changes in health-seeking behaviour, NHS health policy and a decrease in the use of investigations that carry a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315752 | This review considers the potential and demonstrated impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the sexually transmissible infection (STI)/HIV transmission. […] Fear of COVID-19 and implemented control measures have altered STI/HIV transmission dynamics. […] In the short-term, COVID-19 related sexual behaviour change is driving STI/HIV transmission downwards. […] However, the impacts of the global COVID-19 response on sexual health-seeking behaviour and STI/HIV services threaten to drive STI/HIV transmission upwards. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33315943 | Recent data suggests a high concentration of SARS-Cov2 receptors, ACE2 or TMPRSS2, in nasal epithelium and cornea, which explains person-to-person transmission. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33316043 | The unparalleled volume of available genetic data presents a unique opportunity to gain real-time insights into the virus transmission during the pandemic, but also a daunting computational hurdle if analyzed with gold-standard phylogeographic approaches. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33316758 | Secondary outcomes include transmission rate of COVID-19 to providers and patient complications. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33316860 | We investigated the source of infection, clinical features of COVID-19, and transmission potential of presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases. […] To prevent transmission of COVID-19, we need to focus on presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases, and massive testing for SARS-CoV-2 is required. […] More research about the possibility of presymptomatic transmission over 2 days before symptom onset is required. | 2020-12-14 |
| 33316899 | Such diseases are of particular danger during mass gathering and mass influx events, as large crowds of people in close proximity to each other creates optimal opportunities for disease transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33317128 | Transmission of accurate information could help to minimize the effect of certain cognitive biases that affect risk perception and foster preventive behavior. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33317424 | All cats excreted detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA for a shorter duration than humans and viral sequences analysis confirmed human-to-cat transmission. […] We could not determine if cat-to-cat transmission also occurred. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33318343 | It would be feasible to initiate sewage surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 to generate data about the viral transmission in various epidemiologic settings. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33318646 | SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is essential to controlling widespread transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33318806 | Tube thoracotomy and bulla resection could generate aerosols and cause virus transmission; the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33318893 | With the help of Caputo fractional derivative, We capture the epidemiological system for the transmission of Novel Coronavirus-19 Infectious Disease (nCOVID-19). […] Furthermore, author’s interpret the dynamics of proposed system graphically via Mathematica, from which we observed that disease can be either controlled to a large extent or eliminate, if transmission rate is reduced and increase the rate of treatment. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33318916 | •GIS has been playing a critical role in understanding the spatial clustering and transmission trend of the ongoing COVID-19. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319060 | The present study investigated the efficacy of a specially designed acrylic box (Endo-Splash Protective [ESP] box) for preventing droplet transmission as part of droplet precautions for endoscopists and assistants during routine endoscopy for potential asymptomatic carriers or emergent endoscopy for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients. […] The present findings suggest that use of ESP box during peroral endoscopy may reduce endoscopist and assistant droplet exposure, potentially reducing the risk of droplet transmission to healthcare professionals performing peroral endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319083 | As a matter of fact, these CPG might contribute to reduce the risk of transmission, in case of fresh outbreak of the illness. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319213 | There was no symptomatic disease transmission to healthcare personnel on the COVID-19 Tracheostomy Team. […] This can be completed effectively and safely, without viral transmission to healthcare personnel. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319246 | As of 30 March, no local transmission was yet reported in the country. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319383 | Rapid and accurate diagnosis of 2019-nCoV are important for early treatment and cutting off epidemic transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319584 | The lack of herd immunity against this virus and the possibility of viral spread from asymptomatic individuals is still a major challenge for the prevention of viral transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33319978 | While the pandemic continues to have deleterious effects across the globe, mechanisms for disrupting disease transmission have relied on behavioral controls (e.g., social distancing, masks, and hygiene) as there are currently no vaccines approved for use and limited therapeutic options. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33320027 | Although social distancing improves physical health in terms of helping to reduce viral transmission, its psychological consequences are less clear, particularly its effects on memory. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33320052 | Until further knowledge is acquired regarding mucosal immunity following systemic vaccination, otolaryngology providers should maintain precautions against viral transmission to protect the proportion of persistently vulnerable patients who exhibit subtotal vaccine efficacy or waning immunity or who defer vaccination. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33320321 | This finding may have a significant impact on members of the Special Operations community who train in Georgia as more data concerning the transmission, pathogenesis, and treatment of HBoV are accumulated and the role of HBoV in human disease is more clearly defined. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33320824 | COVID-19 has spread like wildfire across the globe, prompting many governments to impose unprecedented stay-at-home orders to limit its transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33320826 | Our system can help health authorities respond quickly to the transmission and spread of unknown diseases, and provides a system for information retrieval on disease transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321018 | Asymptomatic patients need to be considered a further potential route of viral transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321162 | Placental involvement by the virus is characterized by STB damage disrupting the placental barrier and can be seen in asymptomatic mothers without evidence of vertical transmission. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321208 | In this work, we briefly report our experience on residents and staff of homeless shelters in the City of Rome, Italy, with a particular focus on asymptomatic transmission, and compare it with the available evidence. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321286 | Operating under conditions of economic and legal precarity, harm reduction programs’ reliance on precarious labour (e.g. on-call, temporary and unpaid work) renders some services vulnerable to staffing shortages and service disruptions during the pandemic, while also heightening the risk of virus transmission among workers, service users and their communities. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321443 | Due to the wide range of viability on inanimate surfaces and fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2, hydrogen peroxide (0.5%, HP) and hypochlorite-based (0.1%, HC) disinfectants (common biocides) are proposed by World Health Organization to mitigate the spread of this virus in healthcare settings. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321496 | Firstly, dialysis patients appear to be at increased risk for infection due to viral transmission next to an enhanced risk for mortality as compared to the general population, even in the face of an often apparently mild clinical presentation. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321543 | However, when asked about the common route of COVID-19 transmission in dentistry, 341 (45.5%) participants disagreed that it is not through aerosol (water droplets) generated during dental procedures. | 2020-12-15 |
| 33321987 | Thus, a putative role of SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission has been argued. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33322198 | A comprehensive analysis of ACE2 receptors of nineteen species was carried out in this study, and the findings propose a possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission flow across these nineteen species. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33322366 | Investigating the lesions and distribution of CoVs can be crucial to understand and monitor the evolution of these viruses as well as of other pathogens and to further deepen the pathogenesis and transmission of this disease to help public health preventive measures and therapies. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33322791 | In this paper, we build a transmission dynamic model in combination with the transmission characteristics of COVID-19. […] We thoroughly study the dynamical behavior of the model and analyze how to determine the relevant parameters, and how the parameters influence the transmission process. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33322956 | During the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, delayed images were not taken in lymphoscintigraphy to reduce the risk of transmission by shortening the waiting time in our center. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33323033 | This necessitates the need for a reliable and easy to implement tracheostomy protocol given the concern for viral transmission risk to the involved healthcare personnel due to the aerosol generating nature of the procedure. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33323388 | Target populations for covid-19 vaccination based on country specific characteristics and vaccine objectives (maintaining essential core societal services; reducing severe covid-19; reducing symptomatic infections and stopping virus transmission). […] In contrast, South East Asia has the highest share of healthy adults (777.5 million, 58.9%), a key target for reducing community transmission. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33323424 | However, the effectiveness of different NPIs at reducing transmission is poorly understood. […] Closing all educational institutions, limiting gatherings to 10 people or less, and closing face-to-face businesses each reduced transmission considerably. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33323447 | Dynamic SARS-CoV-2 transmission models are used to explore the effects of three presemester testing interventions. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33323525 | With nearly every country combating the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), there is a need to understand how local environmental conditions may modify transmission. […] To date, quantifying seasonality of the disease has been limited by scarce data and the difficulty of isolating climatological variables from other drivers of transmission in observational studies. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33323600 | However, connectivity/download/data issues (54%; 200) followed by loss of personal touch (53%; 188), lengthy or irrelevant topic (37%; 134), and poor transmission quality (33%; 121) were major deterrents against the webinar. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33324064 | The novel DL enables the accurate management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and can help avoid cluster transmission or exacerbation in patients with false-negative acid test. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33324280 | Full vs. partial mediation models with optimism/pessimism as a mediator in the relationship between anxiety/depression and the accuracy of responses for questions about handwashing and ways of transmission were estimated. […] Lower levels of anxiety and pessimism were observed in the participants who answered correctly about ways of transmission. […] Higher levels of knowledge about ways of transmission were predicted by lower levels of anxiety and lower levels of pessimism. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33324532 | Prevention of transmission of the replication-competent virus to the susceptible host is the key to the control of COVID-19. […] The phenomenon of “sustained-positivity,” “reinfections,” and their role in disease transmission are poorly understood in adults and not even recognized in the pediatric population yet. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33324533 | Understanding the transmission dynamics of the infection is a crucial step for evaluating the effectiveness of control measures. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33324602 | To explore if COVID-19 infection fits our proposed re-categorization vs. the contemporary definitions of zoonoses, we reviewed current evidence of infection origin and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 virus and described this in the context of known zoonoses, EIDs and “spill-over” events. […] Other than circumstantial evidence of zoonotic cases in mink farms in the Netherlands, no cases of natural transmission from wild or domesticated animals have been confirmed. […] More than 40 million human COVID-19 infections reported appear to be exclusively through human-human transmission. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33324769 | Our review provides information covering various facets of the disease starting from its origin, transmission, mutations in the virus to pathophysiological changes in the host upon infection followed by diagnostics and possible therapeutics available to tackle the situation. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33325372 | COVID-19 spreads via airborne transmission, which renders dental treatment a potential source of virus transmission. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33325428 | The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection a global pandemic due to the fast transmission of this disease worldwide. […] To prevent and slow the transmission of this contagious illness, the public health officials of many affected countries scrambled to introduce measures aimed at controlling its spread. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33325750 | The low level of diversity in our genomes may indicate lower levels of transmission, even for D614G viruses, which is consistent with the relatively low levels of infection reported in Ghana. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33325821 | The study is intended to understand the origin, transmission and impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). […] The focus of the study is based on the transmission, epidemiology, genetic makeup, and possible remedies to control and contain the disease. […] The present review summarizes the current knowledge highlighting the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis, and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33326411 | Digital proximity tracing apps have been released to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33326859 | This would determine the true risk of disease transmission during the surgery. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33326924 | We extended the agent-based model, SpatioTemporal Human Activity Model (STHAM), for simulating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33327003 | Early modelling studies highlighted the potential of digital contact tracing to break transmission chains, and Google and Apple subsequently developed the Exposure Notification (EN) framework, making it available to the vast majority of smartphones. | 2020-12-16 |
| 33327277 | The first confirmed community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea, occurred on February 18, 2020. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33327424 | Our risk equations account for the basic transmission probability of COVID-19 (β) and the lowered risk due to various protection options: physical distancing; face coverings such as masks, goggles, face shields or other medical equipment; handwashing; and vaccination. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33327566 | However, virus genome sequence data is sparse and there has been only limited investigation of virus transmission across the country. […] Phylogenetic analysis including global sequence data revealed multiple independent introductions into Italy, with at least 124 instances of sequence clusters representing longer chains of transmission. […] Eighteen of these transmission clusters emerged before the nation-wide lockdown was implemented on 8 March, and an additional 18 had evidence for transmission between different Italian regions. […] Extended transmission periods between infections of up to 104 days were observed in five clusters. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33327823 | Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019, the potential risk of dental procedural generated spray emissions (including aerosols and splatters), for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission, has challenged care providers and policy makers alike. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33327990 | Findings suggest the most likely source of transmission was community or healthcare exposure, not the organ donor. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33328201 | We used Bayesian model comparison to revisit these conclusions, allowing for heterogeneity of exposure, susceptibility and transmission. […] Bayesian model comparison furnished overwhelming evidence for heterogeneity of exposure, susceptibility and transmission. […] Furthermore, both lockdown and the build-up of population immunity contributed to viral transmission in all but one country. […] In summary, accounting for heterogeneity of exposure, susceptibility and transmission suggests that the next wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will be much smaller than conventional models predict, with less economic and health disruption. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33328551 | Pandemic defines the global outbreak of a disease having a high transmission rate. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33329133 | The underlying mechanism including the regulation on the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), D-β-hydroxybutyrate, synaptic transmission, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, tryptophan hydroxylase, GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and PGC-1α1-PPAR axis. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33329460 | The safety of healthcare workers (HCWs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is an important aspect of managing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. […] In the South Korea, highly stringent infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines are implemented, and reports of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission among HCWs are limited. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33329480 | The analyses revealed Europe and Southeast Asia as two major routes for introduction of the disease in India followed by local transmission. […] Haplotype network analysis showed evolution of 19A and 19B clades in parallel from predominantly Gujarat state in India, suggesting it to be one of the major routes of disease transmission in India during the months of March and April, whereas 20B and 20C appeared to evolve from 20A. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33329841 | In one case, infection control to prevent transmission was achieved, while in the second case, healthcare workers were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330308 | Emerging evidence suggests that vertical transmission is possible, however, there is still a limited number of reported cases with intrapartum samples. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330334 | The operation of ventilation systems in public buildings and transportation can create infection hazards via aerosols, but provides opportunities for reducing the risk of transmission in ways as simple as switching from recirculated to outside air. […] The efficiency of masks for blocking aerosol transmission depends strongly on how well they fit. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330335 | Reusable gowns’ polyester material provides comparable capacity to reduce microbial cross-transmission and liquid penetration. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330524 | The increasing number of infected cases and fatalities worldwide forced several countries into lockdown in a bid to control virus transmission. […] This review aims to provide an overview on transmission routes and shares a risk-based approach to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a specialty tertiary center. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330528 | An understanding of the virus’s mode of transmission and infection is required for its effective containment. […] This review examines up-to-date information on ocular manifestation, laboratory testing, transmission, and prevention of COVID-19. […] Despite the low incidence, positive SARS-CoV-2 results in eye specimens suggest that the ocular surface may harbor SARS-CoV-2, which may increase the infection and transmission risk. […] We conclude that the ocular surface remains a potential transmission route for the virus that should not be ignored. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330540 | After a month, the number of confirmed cases surged, as community transmission occurred. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330546 | To adapt to this rapidly evolving situation, endoscopy centers have undergone significant changes and have taken unprecedented precautions to avoid the transmission of the virus. […] However, endoscopy centers are going through financial strain due to a reduction in the number of procedures from lockdowns and fear of virus transmission. […] Theoretically, endoscopies could add to the disease transmission as SARS-CoV-2 has shown to be present in the GI secretions. […] Multiple precautions such as mandatory use of face masks, safe distancing, use of barriers between the endoscopists and patients, negative pressure rooms, extended use of personal protective equipment, and volume reduction have been taken to decrease the risk of disease transmission by these centers. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330554 | In our study, no evidence of person-to-person transmission was found in cured COVID-19 patients. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330557 | This review summarizes the gender differences in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and proposes the possible mechanism of orchitis caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the potential transmission route of the virus. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330766 | By the end of February 2020, the virus has spread worldwide through continuous human-to-human transmission via contact and droplet infection, demonstrating the ease with which emerging viruses disperse globally through the mass transport system. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330779 | The case of Diamond Princess has implications of more than a cruise ship but deserves full scientific analysis to learn lessons from this operation as well as to study the characteristics, particularly the transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330782 | Currently, although aspects of the route of transmission are unclear, infection by contact and by inhaling droplets is considered to be the dominant transmission route. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330837 | N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) and surgical masks are essential in reducing airborne disease transmission, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33330844 | In this study, we highlight the potential of ivermectin packaged in an orally administrable nanoparticle that could serve as a vehicle to deliver a more potent therapeutic antiviral dose and demonstrate its efficacy to decrease expression of viral spike protein and its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), both of which are keys to lowering disease transmission rates. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33331566 | Faced with the knowledge gap on vertical transmission, RT-PCR for SARS-COV-2 at 6 h of life gives cause for concern, thus representing the possibility of vertical transmission by SARS-COV-2, although additional investigations are required. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33331595 | At the end of the period, the state’s case series indicates the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and community transmission. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33331612 | The average number of secondary transmissions from an infected person, or reproduction numbers (R0 and R), and the points at which the collective immunity begins to reduce the transmission of the infection, or herd immunity thresholds, are important epidemiological tools used in strategies of Covid-19 control, suppression, and mitigation. […] However, SARS-CoV-2 transmission through asymptomatic carriers and, possibly, aerosols, has been ignored, and this may affect the effectiveness of Covid-19 control strategies. […] Therefore, consideration of the two possible ways of transmission would substantially increase the values of reproduction numbers, but if estimates of the contingent of the population naturally resistant to the virus, plus those with pre-existing cross-immunity to SARS-CoV-2 were considered, the evaluation of herd immunity thresholds should reach their real and achievable levels. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33331614 | The epidemic began in the Central-West region of Brazil in 2014, spreading into the Southern region, with significant non-human primate transmission continuing towards Paraguay and Argentina. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33331665 | Broad outcome categories of interest included infectious disease transmission-related outcomes, other harmful or beneficial health-related outcomes, and societal, economic, and ecological implications. […] Three broad intervention categories emerged from the included studies: organizational measures to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (n = 36), structural/environmental measures to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (n = 11), and surveillance and response measures to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections (n = 19). […] Most studies assessed SARS-CoV-2 transmission-related outcomes (n = 29), while others assessed healthcare utilization (n = 8), other health outcomes (n = 3), and societal, economic, and ecological outcomes (n = 5). | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332145 | Secondary to the pathogenic nature of the virus in the respiratory tract and upper airway, it is essential that speech-language pathologists who specialize in these disorders are knowledgeable of current practices to provide evidence-based care while minimizing viral transmission. […] Emphasis was placed on risk mitigation for viral transmission via safe clinical practices, including evaluative procedures, therapy including telehealth, personal protective equipment, room, staffing, and distancing considerations. […] Results/Conclusions While knowledge relevant to viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly evolving, there is a paucity of literature specific to the evaluation and treatment of voice and upper airway disorders. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332282 | Our results highlight the importance of constraining disease transmission to decrease mortality rates. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332295 | As school districts across the United States consider how to safely operate during the 2020-21 academic year, CDC recommends mitigation strategies that schools can adopt to reduce the risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332297 | Telehealth is a promising approach to promoting access to care and can facilitate public health mitigation strategies and help prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory illnesses, while supporting continuity of care. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332299 | Improving health centers’ ability to reach groups at increased risk for COVID-19 might reduce transmission by identifying cases and supporting contact tracing and isolation. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332467 | This study aims to investigate how variations in social trust across 68 countries are related to the transmission speed of COVID-19. […] On the other hand, however, the low risk perception and prevalence of cohesive relationships among people may lead to speedier transmission of COVID-19 before neutralization takes place. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332472 | Of the 91 sequences, 47 belonged to the B.6 lineage, including eleven of 24 cases with no known contact, indicating ongoing transmission of this lineage in the state. […] Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Karnataka suggests multiple introductions of the virus followed by local transmission in parallel with ongoing viral evolution. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332535 | Analysis of these contacts yielded only a single positive test, which could be reasonably ascribed to respiratory droplet transmission. […] While these cases and their contacts ultimately represent a small sample size, we suggest fomite spread may not be a significant means of transmission for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in real-world operational scenarios. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332737 | Thus, there is evidence showing possible retrograde transmission of the virus from the olfactory epithelium to regions of the brain stem. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33332910 | Outside the major cities, Nepal lacks dependable internet services to support medical education, which frequently requires access to and transmission of large files and audiovisual material. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33333330 | It also investigates the relationship between climate conditions and airborne transmission with the evolution of contagion in the Amazonian states. […] So, it was necessary to invoke airborne transmission, facilitated by the very high air humidity, as a decisive factor to explain the faster evolution of contagion in the rainforest region. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33333641 | All“recurrent”patients had mild illness which may suggest that they were in recovery stage, and no evidence of transmission is found. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33333669 | Guangzhou CDC, together with Tencent and Alibaba Cloud, has made full use of its artificial intelligence technology to carry out a series of practices in case transmission chain analysis, close contact and other key personnel management, front-line staff prevention and control skills training and convenience services. | 2020-12-17 |
| 33334360 | Considering the high transmission rate of COVID-19 and with the seasonal influenza approaching in late 2020, the dual epidemics of COVID-19 and influenza pose serious cardiovascular implications. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33334655 | Researchers suspect the situation to stay for long in the community, considering this virus’s pathogenesis, high rate transmission and tendency to provoke uncontrolled immune response activation. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33334687 | There has been no systematic review providing a holistic neonatal presentation including possible vertical transmission. […] The risk of vertical transmission is low. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33335070 | Instead, we propose a multipronged approach that considers the risk of serious COVID-19 illness, instrumental value and the risk of transmission, and is guided by future research on COVID-19-specific clinical and vaccine characteristics. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33335107 | The intervention measurements nationwide have effectively curbed the human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33335284 | Furthermore, stability analysis of the model at disease free equilibrium DFE and endemic equilibriums EE is performed to observe the dynamics and transmission of the model. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33335527 | The main feature of SARS-CoV-2 that distinguishes it from other viruses is the speed of transmission combined with higher risk of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). | 2020-12-18 |
| 33335873 | Intrauterine transmission of the virus and breastfeeding infections to the neonates were hypothesized in some studies but ruled out since they were not confirmed. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33335956 | The present study provides a complete comprehensive overview of the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, human transmission, and global spread. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33336771 | During emergency surgery for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and transmission to the surgical staff has yet to be determined. […] The second implication is that further testing should be performed on the peritoneal fluid of COVID-19 patients undergoing emergency surgical procedures to clarify the discordant results for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the peritoneal cavity and the possible risk of transmission to the surgical staff. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33336772 | The present study aimed to explore the transmission pattern and the incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as the clinical characteristics of infants with COVID-19 to provide a scientific basis for introducing further measures to reduce the infection rate and control the pandemic. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33337843 | Based on the experience from the 2003 SARS epidemic, we recommend that fecal RNA testing of SARS-CoV-2 should be incorporated into the discharge criteria to minimize the risk of transmission from the gastrointestinal tract. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33337899 | The toughest test is the one that scientists will have to face to prevent virus transmission within schools. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33337934 | In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved multiple strategies to evade innate immune response to facilitate viral replication, transmission, and pathogenesis. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33338067 | Vietnam applied strict quarantine measures to mitigate the rapid transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33338073 | The scoping review examined the evidence related to infection control and transmission measures of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a dental setting during this pandemic. […] Relevant outcomes assessed were: infection control measures, transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as modes and sources of transmission and the ethical principles related to the dental setting with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33338192 | Since the rising of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of transmission to cancer patients. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33338320 | Using an R-based forecasting program, two models were created to predict cases up to 01/09/2020: Model 1, which utilised data up to 09/06/2020, when airports reopened to foreign travelers with COVID-19 screening; and Model 2, which utilised data until 24/06/2020, when screening for passengers from low-transmission countries was discontinued. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33338486 | The purpose of this study is to explore the underlying mechanism of the association of temperature with COVID-19 transmission rate by linking human mobility. […] Panel data models with fixed effects are used to analyze the association of ambient temperature with COVID-19 transmission rate, and the mediation by human mobility. […] Our results show that there is a negative relationship between temperature and COVID-19 transmission rate. […] We also observe that temperature is positively associated with human mobility and human mobility is positively related to COVID-19 transmission rate. […] Therefore, although temperature is negatively related to COVID-19 transmission rate, governments and the public should pay more attention to control measures since people are more likely to go out when temperature rising. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33338558 | The unprecedented worldwide crisis caused by the rapid spread of COVID-19 and the restrictive public health measures enforced by some countries to slow down its transmission have severely threatened the physical and mental wellbeing of communities globally. | 2020-12-18 |
| 33339615 | These exposures were further exacerbated by the rapid transmission of this virus and impaired the capability of these communities to escape illness and death due to a lack of adequate public health and medical responses. | 2020-12-19 |
| 33339755 | To provide essential healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare facilities responded in various ways to reduce the risk of virus transmission to patients, their families and staff. | 2020-12-19 |
| 33339931 | The return to routine care will be slow, with prioritisation of non-aerosol generating procedures while we look to further understand methods to mitigate transmission risk via infected aerosol and spatter. | 2020-12-19 |
| 33340987 | Given the widespread concern but general lack of information over the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in public transport, key issues such as passenger personal hygiene, efficient air circulation systems, and the effective disinfection of frequently touched surfaces need to be evaluated to educate the public and diminish the risk of viral transmission as we learn to live with the ongoing pandemic. | 2020-12-19 |
| 33341155 | To date, influenza epidemics have been considered suitable for use as a model for the COVID-19 epidemic, given that they are respiratory diseases with similar modes of transmission. | 2020-12-20 |
| 33341209 | In this paper we underscore the importance of the integumentary system as a shield against the acquisition as well as transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virion. | 2020-12-20 |
| 33341481 | Based on the available literature, this review article sought to highlight the current understanding of the origin, transmission, diagnosis, precautionary measures, infection and drug action mechanisms, therapeutic role, and toxicities of targeted drugs for the prevention and cure of COVID-19. | 2020-12-20 |
| 33341613 | Wildfire incidents can be an ideal environment for the transmission of infectious diseases, particularly for wildland firefighters who congregate in work and living settings. | 2020-12-20 |
| 33341754 | Because of the high risk of nosocomial transmission, medical health care workers may be experiencing substantial psychological stress. | 2020-12-20 |
| 33342635 | Our meta-analysis shows nearly half of young COVID-19 cases were asymptomatic and half were infants, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance to better understand the epidemiology, clinical pattern, and transmission of COVID-19 to develop effective preventive strategies against COVID-19 disease in young paediatric population. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33343086 | Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great concern to clinicians of all specialties. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33343101 | We create a model of the risk of severe COVID-19 and death, instead of a model of transmission. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33343474 | These days many gyms and fitness centers are closed to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in society. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33343798 | Origin and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were poorly known while knowledge of clinical signs and the role of laboratory tests were good. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33343898 | To show the impact of the Government introduced public health intervention early in the epidemic, we used a simple disease-transmission model equation of the 2019-n CoV epidemic. of 1.41, resulting in 40,070 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 176 deaths and 69% of confirmed cases recovered. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33344466 | After appearance of serum SARS-CoV-2-IgG, she began to bottle feed her baby with breastmilk without transmission. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33344872 | Like the human-to-human transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the distribution of COVID-19 was driven by population flow and required emergency response measures to slow down its spread and degrade the epidemic risk. […] Consequently, due to the strong transmission ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, no region correctly estimated the epidemic, and the relaxed emergency response raised the epidemic risks in the context of the outbreak. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33345184 | In a second part, the results of the implementation of this tool in the sports system of Galicia (Spain) are shown revealing the change in perception about the coronavirus transmission in sport of the technicians and the problem for returning to sport for athletes under 18 years. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33345279 | Various strategies developed for protecting frontline workers and the general public from the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, largely rely on respiratory protective devices (RPDs), especially considering recent evidence about the aerosol transmission route of COVID-19. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33345895 | It seems plausible that the strong atmospheric stability and associated dry conditions that dominated in these regions may have favored the virus propagation, both outdoors and especially indoors, by short-range droplet and aerosol (airborne) transmission, or/and by changing social contact patterns. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33346125 | Scientists have strongly implied that aerosols could be the plausible cause of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) transmission; however, aerosol transmission remains controversial. […] This study suggests aerosol transmission, particularly indoors with insufficient ventilation, which is underappreciated. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33346816 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection of the respiratory tract by SARS-CoV-2 which survives in the tissues during the clinical course of infection but there is limited evidence on placental infection and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] This is the first study to provide concrete evidence of persistent placental infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its congenital transmission associated with hydrops fetalis and intrauterine fetal demise in early pregnancy. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33346960 | Although respiratory droplets and close contact are considered to be the main routes of transmission, there is the possibility of aerosol transmission in a relatively closed environment. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33347420 | Young adults have proven to be a critical factor for COVID-19 transmission and are an important target of the efforts to contain the pandemic. […] Scalable digital public health technologies could be deployed to reduce COVID-19 transmission, but their use depends on the willingness of young adults to participate in surveillance. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33347434 | The absence of a significant tropism for any of the 3 genetically distinct bat ACE2 proteins we examined indicates that SARS-CoV-2 receptor usage likely shifted during zoonotic transmission from bats into people, possibly in an intermediate reservoir. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33347935 | Schools represent high occupancy environments and well-documented high-risk locations for the transmission of respiratory viruses. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33347958 | Assessment of their role in transmission is essential to implementing appropriate control measures. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33348223 | These patients represent a fragile population that is at higher risk for both infection and transmission. | 2020-12-21 |
| 33348613 | Shortly after the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid spread around the world, the role of domestic cats in the transmission cycle was questioned. […] In the present study, the first large-scale survey of antibody occurrence in the domestic cat population in Germany was conducted, in order to assess the incidence of naturally occurring human to cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] The finding of SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive serum samples in the domestic cat population of Germany, during a period when the incidence of human infection in the country was still rather low, indicates that human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 happens, but there is no indication of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in cats. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33348699 | Retroviruses, such as HIV, modulate the production and composition of EVs, and critically, these viruses can exploit EV formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33349165 | The clinical and pathological findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the rapid animal-to-animal transmission in minks are almost similar to the findings observed in patients with COVID-19. […] Additionally, the rapid virus transmission among minks and the associated mutations resulted in a new mink-associated variant that was identified in both minks and humans, thereby providing evidence of mink-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] This article highlights the current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, and provides an understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in minks and the associated zoonotic concerns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from minks to humans with an emphasis on appropriate mitigation measures and on the necessity of adopting the One Health approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33349250 | Overall knowledge of the incubation period and route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was consistent across all dental professions. […] Furthermore, 75.1% of the respondents were reluctant to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient, and 92% of the participants believed that the mode of transmission was droplet inhalation. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33349556 | The COVID-19 pandemic raises a major concern about its severity in pregnancy, maternal-fetal outcomes, and risk of vertical transmission. […] Long-term outcomes and the potential mother-to-child vertical/horizontal transmission need further study. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33349626 | CONCLUSIONS We have provided a successful model to control the transmission of COVID-19 in a short period. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33349681 | Community transmission occurred after 2 March, 3 weeks before control measures were introduced. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33349739 | As the COVID-19 virus stays longer on plastic and stainless steel materials, hence the healthcare wastes (HCW), coming out of the treatment of COVID-19 infected patients can be one of the potential route for transmission of infection. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33350025 | Covid-19 exhibits high viral shedding in the upper respiratory tract at an early stage of infection, and has a high proportion of transmission competent individuals that are pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic, characteristics seen in H1N1pdm09 but not in SARS or MERS. […] These two traits of Covid-19 and H1N1pdm09 result in reduced efficiency in identification of transmission sources by symptomatic screening and play important roles in their ability to spread unchecked to cause pandemics. […] To overcome these attributes of Covid-19 in community transmission, identifying the transmission source by testing for virus shedding and interrupting chains of transmission by social distancing and public masking are required. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33350028 | The primary route of transmission is via respiratory droplets, but viral RNA has also been found in feces and body fluids such as urine, serum, and semen. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33350904 | Determining the susceptibility of pigs to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to a One Health approach to manage potential risk for zoonotic transmission. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33351082 | Disease progression, transmission, and outcomes data were taken from published literature and national databases. […] Results were sensitive to cost and sensitivity of PCR and ACS efficacy in preventing transmission. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33351086 | Biological data are lacking with respect to risk of vertical transmission and mechanisms of fetoplacental protection in maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. […] In viral load analyses among 107 women, there was no detectable viremia in maternal or cord blood and no evidence of vertical transmission. […] In this cohort study, there was no evidence of placental infection or definitive vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Lack of viremia and reduced coexpression and colocalization of placental angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 may serve as protective mechanisms against vertical transmission. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33351182 | Accurate disseminated information and improved public education on sources and modes of transmission of infectious diseases are essential to check xenophobic tendencies, reduce negative effects and foster greater cooperation. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33351538 | Masking has been employed as a strategy for reducing transmission of a variety of communicable diseases. […] The importance of safe methods of exercise while mitigating risk of viral transmission is paramount to global recovery from the pandemic and prevention of future outbreaks. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33351801 | This is the very first manuscript using a spatial-temporal model to describe the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Indonesia, as well as providing a patient profile for all confirmed COVID-19 cases. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33351852 | The results show a high level of awareness and knowledge of the transmission and prevention of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33352097 | Until a vaccine or a specific therapy invented, the most important intervention to control the disease is to fight against transmission. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33352341 | The first stage was the outward expansion from June 11 to June 21, and the second stage (from June 22 to July 5) was the growth of the transmission in areas with existing previous cases. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33352440 | To investigate the sources of infection amongst HCW, transmission data were collated and graphed to show distribution of sources. , 2020. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33352470 | It can be helpful in monitoring infection trends and thus has potential to reduce transmission. | 2020-12-22 |
| 33352743 | Serosurveys may help to assess the transmission dynamics in high-risk groups. […] Findings highlighted the risk of in-hospital transmission in healthcare workers and that community support services may increase the risk of seropositivity to a limited extent in low incidence areas. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33352880 | Cardiac autopsy samples were collected within 2 h after death, and then analysed by digital PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, RNAScope, and transmission electron microscopy assays. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33353524 | The transmission and virulence of this new pathogen have raised concern for how best to protect healthcare professionals while effectively providing care to the infected patient requiring surgery. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33354001 | Transmission dynamics of the infectious disease Corona Virus Disease - 19 (COVID-19) is yet to be understood fully. […] The study aimed at exploring whether quantitative viral load of COVID-19-infected case indicated by cycle threshold (Ct) value of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction could predict about transmission pattern in the community. […] If cases with higher viral load are selectively isolated on detection from the rest of the community along with contact tracing of all individuals, who came in contact with them during the previous 5 days, the quantum of transmission will reduce subsequently. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33354153 | There is now a resurgence of the disease in health care facilities with documented in-hospital transmission and cases becoming positive in areas designated to cater for COVID-19 negative patients. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33354310 | However, the transmission of hundreds of megabytes of Sectional Medical Images (SMIs) from hospital’s Intranet to the Internet has the problems of efficiency, cost, and security. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33354446 | COVID-19 has required changes in the practice of surgery to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33354719 | This report describes the combination of physical distancing, mandatory mask wearing, movement restrictions and enhanced test, trace and isolation efforts that can be used to successfully suppress community transmission to zero. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33354975 | In December 2019, a new virus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), originating from China, began generating headlines worldwide because of the unprecedented speed of its transmission; 5.2 million people were infected and 338 480 had been reported dead from December 2019 to May 2020. […] Results of experimental infection and transmission using different wild, domesticated and pet animals are also reviewed. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33355050 | Transmission of the virus among humans is confirmed by direct contact, droplet infection, fecal-oral, and blood transmission. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33355071 | Our results highlight the need for proper doffing and disinfection of PPE, or disposal, to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 contact or fomite transmission. | 2020-12-23 |
| 33355679 | Controversy remains regarding the transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2020-12-23 |
| 33356534 | The possible transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by tears and conjunctiva is still debated. ), dyspnea degree (DP), radiologic pulmonary impairment based on chest radiography (XR) or computed tomography (CT), blood chemistry as D-Dimer (D-Dimer), fibrinogen, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (C-RP). | 2020-12-28 |
| 33356663 | Assistive technology can serve dual roles in supporting the rehabilitation of individuals with Cornavirus-2019 and lowering the risk of virus transmission to staff. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33356716 | Fetal safety is a major concern with the global spread of COVID-19, but there is scarce information regarding vertical transmission and how it affects the fetus. […] To assess and summarize the currently available evidence on vertical transmission (probable/confirmed) of SARS-CoV-2 along with fetal outcomes. […] Vertical transmission (probable and confirmed) rate from series was 4.883% (23/471). […] There is probable intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33356930 | Brief reference is made to infection control measures such as effective hand hygiene, glove usage, environmental decontamination and social distancing guidance against the context of the specific evidence around COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33356979 | Transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) between livestock and humans is a potential public health concern. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33357233 | A mechanistic understanding of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and diligent tracking of ongoing mutagenesis are of key importance to plan robust strategies for confining its transmission. […] Large numbers of available sequences and their dates of transmission provide an unprecedented opportunity to analyze evolutionary adaptation in novel ways. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33357518 | We examined the impact of these tiered restrictions, and alternatives for lockdown stringency, timing, and duration, on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and hospital admissions and deaths from COVID-19. […] We fit an age-structured mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to data on hospital admissions and hospital bed occupancy (ISARIC4C/COVID-19 Clinical Information Network, National Health Service [NHS] England), seroprevalence (Office for National Statistics, UK Biobank, REACT-2 study), virology (REACT-1 study), and deaths (Public Health England) across the seven NHS England regions from March 1, to Oct 13, 2020. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33358541 | Prisons are prone to a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission due to their space limitations and sometimes poor environmental and hygienic conditions. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33358711 | Accordingly, universal testing has been suggested as a potential strategy for reducing transmission in the obstetrical setting. […] Particularly in endemic areas, universal testing of pregnant patients presenting to the hospital should be strongly considered as an important measure to prevent in-hospital and community transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33358906 | The ease of transmission between humans and the undetectability in early stage makes COVID-19 frightening and unprecedented. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33359017 | Early strong social distancing efforts is needed to stop transmission of the virus. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33359190 | The exalted binding of miRNAs to Tmprss2 and suppression of later advocates their utility as molecular tools for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission and replication in humans. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33359440 | The UK lockdown was maintained for 7 weeks, but the effectiveness of the control measures in suppressing disease transmission remains incompletely understood. […] A Bayesian SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-removed) epidemiological model was used to rebuild the local transmission dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in nine regions of England. ) suggests that the control measures, especially the forced lockdown, were effective to reduce transmissibility and curb the COVID-19 epidemic. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33360131 | In the outbreak of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, social media channels are important tools for the public to obtain information and form their opinions on infection risk, which can affect their disease prevention behaviors and the consequent disease transmission processes. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33360293 | Despite rigorous efforts worldwide to control the spread and human to human transmission of this virus, incidence and death due to COVID-19 continue to rise. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33360513 | According to recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of face masks is essential for slowing down the transmission rate of COVID-19 in human beings. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33360553 | The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe and affected millions of individuals as of the efficient virus transmission potential mediated via multiple virus shedding routes. […] The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the stool samples and its prolonged shedding in environmental compartments like sewage and wastewater signifies a potential threat adding to the transmission cycle of this novel virus. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33360871 | We next used the fitted model to ask: how does truncating the individual-level transmission rate distribution (which removes periods of time with especially high individual transmission rates and thus models superspreading events) affect epidemic dynamics and control? […] We find that interventions that truncate the transmission rate distribution while partially relaxing social distancing are broadly effective, with impacts on epidemic growth on par with the strongest population-wide social distancing observed in April, 2020. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361171 | In considering future lockdowns, the potential implications on a population’s mental well-being will need to be seriously considered against the benefits of elimination of virus transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361278 | The nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission creates new hazards during resuscitation and emergency care and procedures. […] Recommendations for the use and type of personal protective equipment during on-field or pitch-side emergency medical care is provided based on the clinical scenario and projected risk of viral transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361331 | They are linked by generation intervals, the time between infection and onward transmission. […] Because generation intervals are difficult to observe, epidemiologists often substitute serial intervals, the time between symptom onset in successive links in a transmission chain. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361399 | Previous experience in pediatric settings reported high rate of intrahospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission in HCWs caring for children. […] After 5 months of monitoring, 425.6 hours of SARS-CoV-2 exposure (18.5 hours per person), and 920 hospital procedures, no case of nosocomial transmission was reported among the 23 HCWs enrolled in the study. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361400 | Asymptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health care settings is not well understood. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361645 | The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global public health crisis and research groups worldwide are engaged in developing vaccine candidates to curb its transmission, with a few vaccines having progressed to advanced stages of clinical trials. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361650 | One month later, after a negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) test result and with appropriate protection against virus transmission to medical staff in the operating room and daily medical care nurses, trans-sphenoidal surgery was performed by our highly experienced pituitary surgeon. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361715 | It is highly infectious, spreading via the horizontal mode of transmission, but there is yet very limited evidence of vertical transmission to the newborn infant occurring either transplacentally or through breastfeeding. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33361754 | To provide a review of the literature on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the sexual fluids of patients with COVID-19 and to observe its possible sexual transmission in a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated manner. […] We will include randomized trials evaluating the sexual transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. […] Randomized trials evaluating the sexual transmission of other coronaviruses, such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and non-randomized studies in COVID-19 will be searched if no direct evidence from randomized trials is found or if the direct evidence provides a low to a very low level of certainty for critical outcomes. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362283 | Thus, population density and sizes of vulnerable population subgroups should be explicitly included in transmission models that predict the impacts of COVID-19, particularly at the sub-county level. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362291 | The key-residues of RBD responsible for the human transmission are recognized to be blocked in a heterogeneous manner with the favorable formation of key-residue:HCQ (1:1) complex. […] The study demonstrates that off-target bindings of HCQ need to be minimized to efficiently prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362296 | We provide some first evidence consistent with the possibility that the local specialization in geographically concentrated economic activities acts as a vehicle of disease transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362328 | At the same time, the workplace is a common source of transmission of COVID-19 and many jobs previously seen as relatively safe are now viewed as potentially hazardous. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362383 | The disease is caused by coronavirus 2 with high transmission and mortality rates. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362398 | The dispersion of viral droplets plays a key role in the transmission of COVID-19. […] Simulation results show that the cloud of droplets locates around and below the waist height of the manikin after 2 s from coughing, which indicates that kids walking behind an infectious patient are exposed to higher transmission risk than adults. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362399 | We measure aerosol persistence to assess the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in public spaces. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33362541 | This unprecedented circumstance has challenged hospitals’ response capacity, requiring significant structural and organizational changes to cope with the surge in healthcare demand and to minimize in-hospital risk of transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363049 | Moreover, the following aspects pertaining to COVID-19 have also been discussed: transmission, resistance in the human body, the impact of nutritional status in relation to the intestinal microbiota, and the impact of comorbid metabolic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBS), obesity, and type two diabetes (T2D). | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363077 | Chinese schools have made significant contributions to the prevention and control of the transmission of COVID-19 by adopting online learning from home. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363098 | Several measures are taken to control the disease transmission, and researchers are actively engaged in finding suitable therapeutics to effectively control the disease to minimize the mortality and morbidity rates. […] In this article, a focus has been made to highlight on current epidemiology on the COVID-19 infection, clinical features, diagnosis, and transmission, with special emphasis on treatment measures of the disease at different stages of clinical research and the global economic influence due to this pandemic situation. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363234 | It is essential to identify the potential intermediate host to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus. […] More recently SARS-CoV-2 infection affected minks severely and zoonotic transfer with a variant SARS-CoV-2 strain evidenced in Denmark, Netherlands, USA, and Spain suggesting animal-to-human and animal-to-animal transmission within mink farms. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363380 | Nosocomial transmission needs to be prevented through the implementation of stringent screening and infection control measures. […] This potentially carries risk of nosocomial transmission inside healthcare facilities. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363420 | With limited understanding of SARS-CoV-2, current attempts at controlling its spread are focused on the suppressing approach (to reduce a sustained endogenous transmission) and the mitigating approach (to reduce the growth rate of the epidemic). […] But, an individual might nevertheless carry the virus at similar levels and for a similar duration to those previously uninfected, with an unchanged potential for transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33363726 | This report aims to bring the attention of policymakers, especially in the developing countries including Jordan, to different perspectives about crucial law acts, the lockdown and the curfew act, that have tremendous effects on the economy and may soon become a main contributor to the increased level of COVID-19 transmission and the main source of the new COVID-19 cases. […] We hypothesize for a mathematical model based on the comparison between the number of sporadic new cases, number of new cases/family, and the average number of family members to anticipate the value and the sufficiency of the lockdown or the curfew acts on modulating the transmission and the number of new COVID-19 cases in societies. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33367283 | Protocols including surgery at ‘green’ sites, self-isolation for 14 days, and COVID-19 testing were developed to minimize the risk of transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33367485 | With appropriate screening and safety precautions, elective aesthetic plastic surgery can be performed in a manner that is safe for patients and health care providers and with a very low risk for accelerating virus transmission within the community. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33367625 | We found that effective screening of patients and healthcare workers, proper segregation of negative and positive/ suspect population and a low threshold for COVID-19 testing were essential to mitigate transmission of infection. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33367759 | Leicester was the first city in the UK to have ‘local lockdown’ measures imposed in response to high community rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. […] Within the context of local lockdowns due to high community transmission rates, voluntary testing of asymptomatic staff has low uptake and low yield and thus its premise and cost-effectiveness should be re-considered. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33367801 | Maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was initially deemed uncertain; however, recently a few cases of vertical transmission have been reported. […] The intrauterine mechanisms, besides direct vertical transmission, leading to the perinatal adverse outcomes are not well understood. […] Placental examination included immunohistochemical investigation against SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression, with SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33367852 | Residential care homes for the elderly are important settings for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 disease. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33368058 | ) inhibit the entry of viruses in the host cell and the transmission of pathogens, while improving immunity. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33368245 | Smoking cessation resulted in lower ACE2 expression, with implications for attenuating the risk of transmission of the virus. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33368386 | Further in-depth investigation of these identified variants will provide valuable knowledge about the evolution, infection strategies, transmission rates, and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33368788 | However, additional evidence showed several other viral receptors and cellular proteases that are also important in facilitating viral entry and transmission in the target cells. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33369568 | This article discusses the background and transmission route for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, its viral load and temporal profile as well as precaution guidelines in outpatient and operative setting in otorhinolaryngology. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33369726 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, hygienic precautions for preventing viral transmission have been markedly reinforced. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370173 | Published literature across disciplines about the role of masks in mitigating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is summarized. […] Even small reductions in individual transmission could lead to substantial reductions in population spread. […] However, there is no evidence that masks result in significant physiologic decompensation or that risk compensation and fomite transmission are associated with mask wearing. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370263 | The aim of this work is to characterize the epidemiology of the Sichuan outbreak and estimate the impact of interventions in limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] The outbreak resulted in 539 confirmed cases, lasted less than two months, and no further local transmission was detected after February 27. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370323 | To allay concerns about the safety of accessing general practice, practices should communicate the measures being implemented to prevent COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370384 | Twenty-six percent of HCWs had a household member with SARS-CoV-2 infection; 6.8% were probable acquisitions, 12.3% secondary transmissions, and 6.9% unknown direction of transmission. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370463 | Recommendations for infection prevention and control (IPC) of COVID-19 in long-term care settings were developed based on limited understanding of COVID-19 and should be evaluated to determine their efficacy in reducing transmission among high-risk populations. […] LTCFs with lower COVID-19 prevalence among residents had significantly greater implementation of IPC recommendations compared to those with higher COVID-19 prevalence, suggesting the utility in adhering to current guidelines to reduce transmission in this vulnerable population. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370721 | Social distancing is a crucial intervention to slow down person-to-person transmission of COVID-19. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370781 | Spread of pathogens on contaminated surfaces plays a key role in disease transmission. […] Surface technologies that control pathogen transfer can help control fomite transmission and are of great interest to public health. […] Here, we report a novel bead transfer method for evaluating fomite transmission in common laboratory settings. | 2020-12-28 |
| 33370879 | The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread internationally and whilst the current focus of those dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is understandably restricting its direct transmission, the potential for secondary transmission via wastewater should not be underestimated. […] The virus has been identified in human fecal and wastewater samples from different countries and potential cases of transmission via wastewater have been reported. […] Our recommendations for hospital wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater plants, sewage sludge, water reuse and aquatic environments are designed to reduce the risk of such transmission, and contribute to limiting the resurgence of COVID-19 as current restrictions are relaxed. […] A particular urgent recommendation focusses on supporting low-income countries in tackling the potential for secondary transmission via wastewater. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33371131 | Thus, this study will identify the use of digital technologies to monitor, identify contacts and track transmission chains of COVID-19 worldwide. […] We will include studies that present digital technologies used in the monitoring of infected people, contact identification and the transmission chain of COVID-19 developed worldwide. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33371153 | Combing their family cluster characteristics, the epidemiological, hospitalization, and transmission features of children with SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed and discussed.A total of 7 children were enrolled, including 4 mild cases, 1 moderate case, and 2 asymptomatic cases. […] While the family cluster exhibits the major transmission mode, attention should be paid for the potential risk since the expanded social space of children in future. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33371667 | Apart from acting as delivery platforms, multiple studies have shown the application of inorganic nanoparticles in suppressing the growth as well as transmission of the virus. […] The present review gives a detailed description of various inorganic nanomaterials which are being explored for combating SARS-CoV-2 along with their role in suppressing the transmission of the virus either through air or by contact with inanimate surfaces. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372041 | The National Health Service had to rapidly adopt remote consultation and redesign clinical pathways in order to reduce transmission, exposure and spread among women at high risk of PTB. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372109 | LI centred around minimising both interruption to ventilation and risk of aerosolisation of infectious particles and thus the risk of transmission of COVID-19 to the treating clinicians. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372191 | This paper presents a study of early epidemiological assessment of COVID-19 transmission dynamics in Indonesia. […] Based on the first 1288 confirmed cases collected from both regions, we find a high degree of individual-level variation in the transmission. […] This suggests that superspreading events played a key role in the early stage of the outbreak, i.e., a small number of infected individuals are responsible for large numbers of COVID-19 transmission. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372198 | We conclude that the spike sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is the result of multiple recombination events during its transmission from bat to human, and we propose a framework of evolutionary history that resolve the relationship of BCoV-RaTG13 and pangolin coronaviruses with SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372425 | From January to September 2020, we conducted contact-tracing for confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who visited our outpatient clinic to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 transmission from infected patients to healthcare workers (HCWs). […] This low rate of transmission from infected outpatients to HCWs suggests that standard precaution such as using surgical mask and hand hygiene protects HCWs from SARS-CoV-2 in a low-risk, outpatient clinic setting. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372651 | In this perspective, we briefly review current knowledge on the clinical features of COVID-19 in pregnancy; the risks of preterm birth and cesarean delivery secondary to comorbid severity; the effects of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on the fetus/neonate; and in utero mother-to-child SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33372894 | There is concern that activity levels are further reduced in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as many older people are practicing physical and social distancing to minimize transmission. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33373384 | For the median jurisdiction, these policies reduce growth rate in new infections from an estimated 270% per week to approximately 49% per week, but this impact is insufficient to prevent eventual transmission throughout the population because containment occurs only when a jurisdiction reduces growth in COVID infection to below zero. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33373609 | Yet local COVID-19 research is needed to address knowledge gaps, including; (1) potential novel transmission of SARS-CoV-2, (2) adaption of generic COVID-19 control measures to suit African settings, (3) occurrence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in solid waste, wastewaters, on-site sanitation systems, and drinking water, and (4) the ‘human factor’ including the role of gender, perceptions, myths, attitudes, and religious beliefs in the transmission and control of COVID-19. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33373644 | The rapid transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), its unusual and divergent presentation has strengthened the status of COVID-19 as a major public health threat. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33373728 | There are growing concerns regarding the potential risk of coronavirus disease transmission during surgery and in particular during minimally invasive procedures owing to the aerosolization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) particles. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33373874 | Following the severe consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, on March 9th, 2020 the Italian Government implemented extraordinary measures to limit viral transmission, including restrictive quarantine measures. | 2020-12-29 |
| 33374162 | Argentina began to see an increase of COVID-19 quickly in the new year and as of April 2020 the country was still being burdened by the transmission of the virus. […] The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a level three warning for international travel to/from Argentina because of COVID-19’s rapid transmission. […] Mathematical modeling was used to forecast COVID-19 transmission after the first wave, specifically focusing on Buenos Aires. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33374168 | Human transmission from COVID-19 patients or incubation carriers occurs via coughing, sneezing, speaking, discharge from the nose, or fecal contamination. […] There have been cases of transmission from people with COVID-19 to pets such as cats and dogs. […] A SARS-Cov-2 variant in the Danish farmed mink that had been previously infected by COVID-19 positive workers, spread to mink workers causing the first case of animal-to-human infection transmission that causes a moderate decreased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33374416 | This study suggests that the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 D614G mutation during the early-to-mid pandemic is associated with enhanced transmission efficiency in populations with lower ACE2 expression. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33374759 | Although, it is still unknown how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from bats to humans, the rapid human-to-human transmission has been confirmed widely. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33374998 | While the transmission of measles and rubella seems to be suppressed during the COVID-19 pandemic, closing the gap in routine childhood vaccination will be challenging in any country. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33375175 | CD209 family receptors are highly susceptible to alternative splicing and genomic polymorphism, which may influence virus tropism and transmission in vivo. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33375308 | Fomite-mediated transmission has been identified as a possible route for the spread of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. […] The present study highlights the risk of fomite-mediated transmission in non-healthcare settings and the importance of surface disinfection in spaces occupied by cases. […] Of note, neither air-borne transmission nor surface contamination of elevators, which were transiently exposed to infected individuals, was evident among samples analyzed. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33376182 | With sustained community transmission, promotion of basic hygiene and mask use becomes essential. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33376251 | Survival of respiratory viral pathogens in expelled saliva microdroplets is central to their transmission, yet the factors that determine survival in such microdroplets are not well understood. […] Uncovering the exact properties and components that make saliva a favorable environment for the survival of viruses, in particular enveloped ones like Phi6, is thus of great importance for reducing transmission of viral respiratory pathogens including SARS-CoV-2. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33376254 | From analysis of cumulative distribution function (G-function) of the nearest-neighbour distances, this study underscored crowding at all surveyed fish landing beaches, and identified potential “hotspots” for disease transmission. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33376473 | Timely and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is of paramount importance for detecting cases early and to prevent transmission. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33376769 | The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has prompted the mobilization of a network of public health laboratories to diagnose COVID-19 patients, trace contacts and identify hot-spot areas for active community transmission at the expense of arbovirus diagnosis and control practices. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33377359 | In order to be certain and to not have unexpected surprises, we need to reduce the spread and the transmission speed of viral variants that could appear around the world, creating new pandemics. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33377450 | Cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces and frequent hand hygiene are recommended measures to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33378276 | The transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher in households than in other scenarios. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33378322 | Pooled testing of asymptomatic employees can prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and help assure employers and customers that employees are not infectious. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33378810 | This paper summarizes the discovery of the asymptomatic infection cases, analyzes their outcomes and transmission risks, and put forward the targeted suggestions for the prevention and control of asymptomatic infection of COVID-19 according to the existing problems in epidemic response. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33378812 | In COVID-19 prevention and control in a city, the active tracking of the transmission chains of the confirmed cases and timely identification of the close contacts were conducted. […] Nearly one third of COVID-19 cases occurred during the medical observation period, so the infection sources were effectively controlled and transmission routes were effectively blocked, which greatly facilitated the prevention of the clusters of COVID-19 cases. | 2020-12-30 |
| 33378859 | To reduce its transmission, a number of strategies have been proposed. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33378881 | A mathematical model is proposed that incorporates the key routes of COVID-19 resurgence: human-to-human transmission and indirect transmission by inhaling infectious aerosols or contacting public facilities with the virus. […] Based upon the computations from the model and analytical formulae, we reveal how the indirect transmission from environmental pathogens contribute to the disease outbreak and how the input of asymptomatic individuals affect the disease spread. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33378893 | A mathematical model is designed and used to study the transmission dynamics and control of COVID-19 in Nigeria. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33378934 | Healthcare associated transmission of viral infections is a major problem that has significant economic costs and can lead to loss of life. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33379881 | To analyze the transmission loss caused by masks and the influence of masks on directivity, this study measured the full-spherical voice directivity of a dummy head with a mouth simulator covered with six masks of different types, i.e., medical masks, filtering facepiece respirator masks, and cloth face coverings. […] The results show a significant frequency-dependent transmission loss, which varies depending on the mask, especially above 2 kHz. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33380405 | It is still unclear how the virus spreads to human, and efforts are still need to be made to explore the origin of SARS-CoV-2, its hosts and intermediate hosts, and the mechanism of its transmission across different species of animals. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33380727 | Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. […] To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33380739 | The COVID-19 pandemic is largely caused by airborne transmission, a phenomenon that rapidly gained the attention of the scientific community. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33380813 | Imposed lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic have effectively delayed the transmission in the community but the transmissibility in households needs to be explored. […] The aim of this study was to estimate the household transmission of COVID-19 and assess the factors affecting transmission. […] Negative correlation of positive cases with number of family members and mild negative correlation between rooms per person and proportion of family member affected indicates some other factors may be responsible for household transmission than these factors. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33381287 | Transmission occurs by inhaling droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes or exhales, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then rubbing their hands over their eyes, nose or mouth. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33381288 | When a face-to-face visit is mandatory, or in locations with minimal community transmission where sleep centers have resumed activities, it is important that the sleep center facilities are properly prepared to receive the patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and follow all relevant safety rules. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33381690 | Hand hygiene, one of the most critical preventive methods against Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cross-transmission, has increased during the COVID-19 outbreak. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33381779 | However, the clinical course of COVID-19 in pregnancy and risk of vertical and horizontal transmission remain relatively unknown. […] Outcomes included severe disease, pregnancy loss, and vertical and horizontal transmission. […] Among the women who delivered, there was no definitive evidence of mother-to-child transmission via breast milk or placenta. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33381929 | Asymptomatic transmission contributes significantly to transmission, and clinical features are non-specific to the disease. […] Clinical awareness of the epidemiology and the risk factors for nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 is essential to preventing infection. […] In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on the epidemiology, presentation, transmission, risk factors, and public health measures associated with COVID-19. […] We also review past insights from previous coronavirus epidemics [i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)] to suggest measures to reduce transmission. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382519 | At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we created a same-day discharge (SDD) pathway after conscious sedation, transfemoral (minimalist) TAVR to help minimize risk of viral transmission and conserve hospital resources. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382673 | In April 2020, GPEI shared revised polio surveillance guidelines in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which focused on reducing the risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, to health care workers and communities by modifying activities that required person-to-person contact, improving hand hygiene and personal protective equipment use practices, and overcoming challenges related to movement restrictions, while continuing essential polio surveillance functions (3). | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382676 | However, shorter quarantine might permit ongoing disease transmission from persons who develop symptoms or become infectious near the end of the recommended 14-day period. […] Interim data from an ongoing study of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed to understand the proportion of household contacts that had detectable virus after a shortened quarantine period. […] Although SARS-CoV-2 quarantine periods shorter than 14 days might be easier to adhere to, there is a potential for onward transmission from household contacts released before day 14. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382705 | Filter facepiece respirators (FFRs) are critical for preventing the transmission of respiratory tract infection disease, especially the dreadful coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2). | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382758 | The results and findings should provide valuable insights for understanding the changes in the COVID-19 transmission as well as implications for controlling the global COVID-19 pandemic spread. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382830 | SARS-CoV-2 causes substantial morbidity and mortality in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, particularly in retirement homes, where transmission from asymptomatic staff and visitors may introduce the infection. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33382861 | Frequent surveillance of individuals attending work or school is currently unavailable to most people but will likely be necessary to reduce the ~50% of transmission that occurs when individuals are nonsymptomatic. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33383557 | The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its potential transmission through touching surfaces in clinical environments have impelled the use of conventional and novel methods of disinfection to prevent its spreading. | 2020-12-31 |
| 33383745 | Prevention behaviors are critical to minimizing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the U.S., to ultimately reduce the health, social, and economic burdens of COVID-19. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33384142 | In this review, we examine key aspects of pregnancy that may be impacted by COVID-19 and summarize the current literature on SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta and in utero vertical transmission. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33384197 | The origin and zoonotic transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 remain speculative. […] We discuss scenarios for the zoonotic emergence of SARS-CoV-2, and also explore the missing evidence and ecological considerations that are necessary to confidently identify the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 and to prevent future pandemics of zoonotic viruses. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33384480 | As the virus travels from person-to-person via direct contact through droplet inhalation, cough, and sneeze or through contact transmission, it remains infectious even through inanimate surfaces. […] Coronavirus has the capability of spreading through community transmission. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33384520 | Understanding the concepts of disinfection, sterilization, cleaning and asepsis is of prime importance to prevent transmission of infection to patients and to protect healthcare workers (HCWs). […] The global shortage of disposable equipment such as personal protective equipment (PPE), specifically N95 masks and surgical 3 ply masks, and other items makes the HCWs vulnerable to transmission of infection while caring for these patients. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33384690 | COVID-19 is a distinctive infection characterized by elevated inter-human transmission and presenting from absence of symptoms to severe cytokine storm that can lead to dismal prognosis. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33384910 | Our results suggest the importance of social context and psychological factors to help devise intervention strategies to improve the QoL during lockdown from epidemic events and, in particular, support the importance of promoting social communication and accurate information about the transmission of the virus. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33385101 | Based on the hypothetical scenario of the spread of the virus, a graph model of the process are developed starting from the first confirmed infection case to human-to-human transmission of the virus and visualized by considering the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33385246 | Telemedicine approach limits the number of unnecessary accesses to medical facilities and represents an important tool for the limitation of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33385384 | This review was based on an electronic search of the literature in the Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed database published from December 2019 to July 2020 using combinations of the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2 transmission, COVID-19 transmission, coronavirus transmission, waterborne, wastewater, airborne, fomites, and fecal-oral transmission. […] Samples taken from the wastewater collection network were detected contaminated with the novel coronavirus; consequently, there is a concern of its transmission via an urban sewer system. […] The still growing body of literature on COVID-19 and air, suggests the importance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via air and indoor air quality, especially during lockdown interventions. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33385403 | To determine the optimal social distancing and testing strategies, we developed a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission and applied optimal control theory, identifying the best approach to reduce the epidemiological burden of COVID-19 at a minimal cost. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33385710 | Due to extremely high transmission rate, people are more susceptible to viral infection. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33385714 | SARS-CoV-2 has a high transmission rate and shows frequent mutations, thus making vaccine development an arduous task. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33386025 | Here, we report a comprehensive computational approach to identify the multi-targeted drug molecules against the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, whichare crucially involved in the viral-host interaction, replication of the virus inside the host, disease progression and transmission of coronavirus infection. | 2021-01-01 |
| 33386191 | To document the case of a high transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 generating a cluster linked to an indoor choir rehearsal hold at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in France. […] In the absence of valid barrier measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission, indoor choir practice should be suspended during the SARSCoV-2 surging phases. […] Transmission of the virus among gatherings from asymptomatic cases is a crucial issue and a main challenge to COVID-19 control. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33386294 | During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare-associated transmission of respiratory viral infections (RVI) is a concern. […] To reduce the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses on patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) we devised and evaluated a multi-tiered infection control strategy with the goal of preventing nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV2 and other RVIs across a large healthcare campus. […] This multi-tiered infection control strategies can be implemented at-scale to successfully mitigate healthcare-associated transmission of respiratory viral pathogens. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33386654 | This study provides novel insights into the geostatistical analysis of COVID-19 clusters and hotspots that might assist the policy planner to predict the spatiotemporal transmission dynamics and formulate imperative control strategies of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33386849 | Stochasticity in transmission within and between countries or an actual selective advantage could explain the global high frequency reached by some genomic variants. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33387315 | Soon after the identification of the causative virus, questions concerning the impact of environmental factors on the dissemination and transmission of the virus, its persistence in environmental matrices, and infectivity potential begin to emerge. […] In order to improve our current understanding over this topic, the present article summarizes topical and substantial observations made regarding the influences of abiotic environmental factors such as climate, temperature, humidity, wind speed, air, and water quality, solid surfaces/interfaces, frozen food, and biotic factors like age, sex, gender, blood type, population density, behavioural characteristics, etc. on the transmission, persistence, and infectivity of this newly recognized SARS-CoV-2 virus. […] Further, the potential pathways of virus transmission that could pose risk to population health have been discussed, and the critical areas have been identified which merits urgent research for the assessment and management of the COVID-19 outbreak. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33387383 | Although novel solutions allowed SAAS MedSTAR to continue to deliver high-quality care, considering the resource implications involved in undertaking the transfer of patients with COVID-19, it is clear that significant community disease transmission threatens to overwhelm any PHRM service. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33387448 | The rate of vertical transmission is 5.3% (1.3-16), and the rate of positive SARS-CoV-2 test for neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 is 8% (4-16). […] Low risk of vertical transmission is present, and SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in all conception products, particularly placenta and breast milk. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33387553 | These results highlight the importance of endodontic diagnosis and treatment in the provision of emergency dental care during a pandemic, and demonstrates that dental treatment can be provided in a manner that minimizes the risk of viral transmission, maintaining continuity of care for a large patient population. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33387561 | In conclusion, we suggest that, in patients receiving treatment, RT-PCR in saliva, in addition to the standard samples, is important to determine the isolation period and control transmission. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33387692 | By being able to visualize the spread, health and government officials can dive deeper to identify the sources of transmission and attempt to stop or reverse them accordingly. | 2021-01-02 |
| 33388025 | Preliminary data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 genome is not normally found in gonads and gametes, therefore sex transmission could be excluded as a possible way to spread the COVID-19. […] Different authors excluded the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in sperm and oocytes, thus limiting worries about both a potential sexual and gamete-to-embryos transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388089 | This study aimed to investigate the airborne transmission of COVID-19 and the role of face mask to prevent it. […] There was two search strategy; for airborne transmission and the role of face mask for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] However, COVID-19 spreads primarily with contact routes and respiratory droplets, but its transmissibility has many mysteries yet and there is controversy about airborne transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388129 | It is therefore not surprising that when the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus emerged in late 2019 in China, causing global health concern due to the virus strong human-to-human transmission ability, remdesivir was one of the first clinical candidates that received attention. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388232 | Although the overall sensitivity of the Espline® SARS-CoV-2 reagent compared with RT-PCR is less, this antigen test can be useful in identifying people with high risk of virus transmission with high viral loads in order to prevent the pandemic and is useful for diagnosing COVID-19 within 30 min. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388272 | In response to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is crucial to understand the origin, transmission, and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which relies on close surveillance of genomic diversity in clinical samples. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388436 | We used state-specific age structures and disease transmission coefficients estimated from confirmed incident cases of COVID-19 between 1 July and 31 August 2020. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388470 | We review literature on the transmission and control of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the challenges of focusing on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) as critical control measures in low-income countries. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33388748 | The role young children play in the dynamics of the transmission was unknown. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33389012 | Wearing face personal protective equipment impairs transmission of middle-to-high voice frequencies and affects speech intelligibility. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33389111 | Finally, the percentages of maternal and neonatal death were found to be 5% and 6%, respectively; similarly, the percentage of the infection vertical transmission was 5%. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33389368 | The high transmission risk and mortality rates of COVID-19 cause serious concerns in ophthalmologists and may cause disruptions in clinical functioning. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33389499 | Therefore, rapid and accurate laboratory SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches are the important basis of identification and blockage of COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33389595 | In this paper, we aim to investigate whether (i) the feature of aspiration found in the phonological inventory of several languages and (ii) the frequency of occurrence of stop consonants are associated with the transmission of COVID-19 among humans. […] The results demonstrated no significant effect of aspiration on the transmission of the virus, while a positive correlation between the frequency of occurrence and transmissibility was observed only for the consonant /p/; this might suggest that languages that use /p/ more frequently might spread the virus more easily. | 2021-01-03 |
| 33390435 | Though multiple countries reported their evacuation missions to repatriate their citizens with this emergence of COVID-19 from China in early phase, a paucity of data existed on how operationally to optimally execute an evacuation with balancing the risk of transmission during the flight, while avoiding the spread to their home countries. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33390730 | Secondly, the individual decision model and the panic emotion transmission model under the uncertain environment are constructed. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33390860 | The frontline health workers are in constant risk due to the etiology and mode of transmission of the disease. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33390865 | Which however has led that they are considered only for their particular transmission potential. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391281 | Having a thorough understanding of the benefits and cautions of standardized serological testing at a community level remains critically important in the design and implementation of future vaccination campaigns, epidemiological models of immunity, and public health measures that rely heavily on up-to-date knowledge of transmission dynamics. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391762 | Each country will decide on their own exit strategy but many plans are considering similar vital healthcare principles including the maintenance of social distancing to prevent ongoing community transmission, testing capacity, protection of the healthcare systems and the health of their care workers. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391818 | In terms of coronavirus transmission, the relatively low death rates in some countries could be due to low intrinsic (e.g. low population density) or imposed contact rates (e.g. non-pharmaceutical interventions) among individuals, or because fewer people were exposed or susceptible to infection (e.g. smaller populations). […] We find that countries reporting fewer deaths did not generally have intrinsically lower rates of transmission and epidemic growth, and flatter epidemic curves. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391845 | Figuring out the transmission route of COVID-19 is necessary to control further spread. […] We analyzed the data of 43 patients in Baodi Department Store (China) to supplement the transmission route and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in a cluster outbreak. […] As for the infection route of case numbers 2 to 6, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20 and 23, we believe that aerosol transmission played a significant role in analyzing their exposure history and environmental conditions in Baodi Department Store. […] Aerosol transmission could occur in some cluster cases when the environmental factors are suitable, and it is an indispensable route of COVID-19 spread. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391931 | Furthermore, this underscores the potential for atypical transmission, with a focus on fecal-oral transmission and the need for strict hand hygiene. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391985 | In the delayed analysis of the model, we investigated that transmission dynamics of the disease is dependent on delay terms which is also reflected in basic reproduction number. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33391987 | The analytic solution of the model in the form of recursive formulae with a time-dependent transmission coefficient is derived and implanted in Excel. […] These simulations show that the transmission rate of NYC’s COVID-19 is nearly 30% greater than the transmission rate of Wuhan’s COVID-19, and that the actual number of cumulative infected people in NYC is around 9 times the reported number of cumulative COVID-19 cases in NYC. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33392141 | Due to public health interventions for the COVID-19 pandemic, the transmission of not only COVID-19 but also other air droplet transmitted diseases in children may have been effectively prevented. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33392213 | The possibility of vertical transmission cannot be ignored but C-section should not be routinely recommended anymore according to latest evidences and, in any case, decisions should be taken after proper discussion with the family. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33392389 | We also simulate different possibilities of the slow lifting of the lockdown by varying the transmission rate as facilities are slowly opened but people follow prevention measures like wearing masks etc. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33392409 | Most notably, we observe exceptionally high expression of ACE2 in external body parts of cats and dogs, suggesting that these household pet animals could be vulnerable to viral infections and/or may serve as intermediate hosts, thus yielding novel insights into the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33393333 | Modifications were made to the organization in order to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33393592 | To characterize the placental pathology findings in a preselected cohort of neonates infected by transplacental transmission arising from maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2, and to identify pathology risk factors for placental and fetal infection. […] Case-based retrospective analysis by a multinational group of 19 perinatal specialists of the placental pathology findings from 2 cohorts of infants delivered to mothers testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 - liveborn neonates infected via transplacental transmission who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after delivery and had SARS-CoV-2 identified in cells of the placental fetal compartment by molecular pathology; and stillborn infants with syncytiotrophoblast positive for SARS-CoV-2. […] In placentas from all 6 liveborn neonates acquiring SARS-CoV-2 via transplacental transmission the syncytiotrophoblast was positive for coronavirus using immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, or both. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33393607 | Due to the ongoing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, I have decided to print the following commentary to help provide another alternative for reducing potential exposure to and incidental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the provision of anesthesia for dentistry. -Kyle J. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33393664 | The main routes of transmission of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, according to current evidence, are via droplets inhalation, direct contact with contaminated surfaces, and transmission via the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes, and probably through airborne particles from the respiratory tract, generated during coughing and sneezing of infected individuals. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33393841 | During these times of uncertainty, it is critical for investigators conducting research to assess the possible transmission of pathogens through milk, whether by transfer through the mammary gland or contamination from respiratory droplets, skin, breast pumps, and milk containers, and/or close contact between mother and infant. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33393898 | Home isolation for mild cases is important for the prevention of the transmission of infection. […] Although the rate of transmission of this virus is faster than other viruses from the family such as MERS-CoV, it has a lower fatality rate. […] In this review article we discussed the transmission pathways, genetic sequence and current treatment approach of COVID-19. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33394052 | We evaluated the performance of the Abbott BinaxNOW TM Covid-19 rapid antigen test (Binax-CoV2) to detect virus among persons, regardless of symptoms, at a public plaza site of ongoing community transmission. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33394078 | In order to effectively control the source of infection, cut off the transmission route, protect the susceptible population, ensure the medical quality and medical safety, perform epidemic prevention and control, and comprehensively guarantee the life safety and physical health of medical staff, patients, and family members, it is very important to organize and carry out nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment scientifically and safely. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33394459 | The purpose of this review is to examine the available evidence on the risks of transmission of infection from COVID-19 mothers to their newborns through breastfeeding. […] Based on the currently available limited evidence and recognizing the benefits of breastfeeding, it may be concluded that if the health of the mother and her newborn allows, direct breastfeeding or extracted breastmilk should be encouraged by the healthcare providers after a careful discussion of the risks of vertical transmission to the mother and her family. […] Preventive measures should be taken by COVID-19 mothers to prevent droplet transmission of infection to the infants while breastfeeding. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33394487 | Close follow-up, regular health education on preventing coronavirus transmission, personal protective equipment, adequate environmental hygiene, and applying other standard precautions could help minimise the risk factors for the spread of COVID-19. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33394643 | Equity concerns in urban public schools such as decreased enrollment among largely Black and Latinx prekindergarten and special needs public school students already disproportionately impacted by the pandemic itself have added urgency to Chicago Department of Public Health’s analysis of COVID-19 transmission. […] By combining local data from a large urban private school system with national and international data on maintaining in-person learning during COVID-19 surges, Chicago believes in-person public education poses a low risk of transmission when the operational burden imposed by the second wave has subsided. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33394847 | Designing and demonstrating an experiment that shows the risk of airborne transmission of COVID 19 between patients having visual fields analysed is low. […] To investigate the possibility of airborne transmission of COVID-19 during Humphrey Visual field testing in a real-world scenario. […] This suggests the risk of airborne transmission of COVID-19 is low between subsequent patients. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33395048 | Benefits include reducing risk of transmission and use of personal protective equipment. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33395380 | To assess transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a detention facility experiencing a coronavirus disease outbreak and evaluate testing strategies, we conducted a prospective cohort investigation in a facility in Louisiana, USA. […] Serial SARS-CoV-2 testing might help interrupt transmission through medical isolation and quarantine. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33395398 | The widespread use of this platform can help to reduce person-to-person transmission as well as infection risk for these patients. | 2021-01-04 |
| 33396519 | The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers saliva contact the lead transmission means of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2021-01-05 |
| 33396557 | This review serves the scientific community seeking in-depth molecular details when designing drugs to curb transmission of this biological armament. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33396599 | Over 80% (range: 83-96%) of respondents had sufficient knowledge on each of the three domains: COVID-19 symptoms, disease transmission, and patient care approach. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33396667 | While several vaccine candidates are currently under development, antivirals with the potential to limit virus transmission or block infection are also being explored. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33396792 | The world was not late to respond, with a number of sweeping measures ranging from social distancing protocols, stringent hygienic practices, and nation-wide lockdowns, as well as COVID-19 testing campaigns in an attempt to prevent the transmission of the disease and contain the pandemic. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397366 | Demographic changes also affect measles transmission, and their variation between and within countries should be incorporated into strategic planning. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397494 | Failure to resume activities will not only enhance the risk of NTD transmission, but will fail to leverage behaviour change messaging on the importance of hand and face washing and improved sanitation-a common strategy for several NTDs that also reduces the risk of COVID-19 spread. […] This so-called “hybrid approach” will demonstrate best practices for mitigating the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by incorporating physical distancing, use of masks, and frequent hand-washing in the delivery of medicines to endemic communities and support action against the transmission of the virus through water, sanitation and hygiene interventions promoted by NTD programmes. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397533 | A Canadian health authority implemented a multisectoral intervention designed to control severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during long-term care facility (LTCF) outbreaks. […] Our study provides evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in LTCFs. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397593 | The consensus rate of agreement was 100% that penile cancer pathways should be reconfigured, and measures should be developed to prevent perioperative nosocomial transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397626 | In this article, we present a critical review of the literature exploring the potential foodborne transmission of several respiratory viruses including human coronaviruses, avian influenza virus (AVI), parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, and Nipah virus. […] However, to date, neither epidemiological data nor case reports of clear foodborne transmission of either viruses exist. […] Thus, foodborne transmission of human respiratory viruses remains only a theoretical possibility. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397669 | By incorporating these differences in NPIs among socioeconomic subpopulations into mathematical models of COVID-19 transmission dynamics, our modelling of epidemic outcomes and response to COVID-19 can be improved. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33397753 | Similar to the rest of the country, the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the state indicates health disparities among Black and Hispanic/Latino individuals, the presence of hotspots, or counties with high numbers of infected persons, and clusters of transmission among congregate living facilities. […] Promoting individual and population-level strategies for minimizing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, especially among the most vulnerable, and consistent public health messaging based on science are critical as we face the new year and continued uncertainties around the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33398237 | Rigorous, early, and accurate detection of viral pathogens is not only linked to preventing transmission but also to timely treatment and monitoring of drug resistance. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33398241 | Variety of strategies are taken into account from ground level to the state to reduce the transmission rate. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33398326 | In this letter, we find a Simpson’s paradox in the association between GDP and COVID-19 transmission in Chinese cities stratified by location. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33399706 | We analyze the transmission routes, possible viral reservoirs in the oral cavity and considerations about dental care of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. […] The tongue and oral mucosa are important viral reservoirs and the transmission of the virus occurs primarily by saliva droplets. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33399743 | The potential oral-fecal route of transmission may influence the disease spread. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33399763 | This disease reports a high risk of contagion, especially by the transmission of aerosols in health care workers. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400048 | States adjust social distancing levels over time in response to changes in economic needs, healthcare system utilization, and COVID-19 virus transmission levels. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400077 | Mitigating transmission of SARS-Co-2 virus is critical to stopping the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Messages about the pandemic on YouTube reach millions of people and should be a part of a more comprehensive strategy for educating the public to reduce transmission. […] We examined successive samples of the 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos regarding COVID-19 at three time points between January and June 2020 and examined characteristics of videos that specifically mentioned COVID-19 transmission. […] Historical events and confirmed worldwide cases are compared with cumulative views of videos mentioning disease transmission over time. […] Across the three successive samples, views for all videos increased from ~ 125 million to over 560 million views, and from ~ 63 million to more than 273 million for those videos specifically mentioning disease transmission, respectively. […] This increase coincided with the increase in the worldwide number of cases and the occurrence of COVID-19 transmission informational milestones. […] Despite its importance for community mitigation, the majority of the widely viewed videos we sampled did not specifically mention disease transmission. […] Greater efforts are needed to more fully realize the potential of YouTube for educating the public about COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400317 | Chimpanzee tourism is an important source of revenue and thus benefits conservation; however, chimpanzee tracking may also increase the risk of disease transmission from people to chimpanzees directly (e.g., via aerosol transmission) or indirectly (e.g., through the environment or via fomites). […] This study assessed how tourist behaviors might facilitate respiratory disease transmission at a chimpanzee tracking site in Kibale National Park, Uganda. […] We observed tourists, guides, and student interns from the time they entered the forest to view the chimpanzees until they left the forest and noted behaviors related to disease transmission. […] Guidelines for minimizing the risk of such transmission should consider tourist behavior and the full range of modes by which pathogen transmission might occur between tourists and chimpanzees. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400419 | Proactive strategies are provided in each of these categories that, if implemented, may alleviate the processes involved with an efficient office closure and reopening process including, in the case of COVID-19, methods to reduce the risk of transmission to doctors, staff, and patients. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400642 | Despite predeparture testing, multiple instances of in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission are likely. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400677 | Since there is no medication or vaccine available, the only way to combat it is to minimize transmission. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400682 | We proposed a novel behavioral dynamics model, SRS/I (susceptible-reading-susceptible/immune), to analyze opinion transmission paradigms on Chinese social media. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400684 | The questionnaire was comprised of questions about basic aspects of COVID-19, such as the related symptoms, conduct that should be followed when suspected of infection, risk groups, prevention, transmission, and social distancing. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400722 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness that spreads rapidly through human-to-human transmission. […] Our data shows that 79% of the respondents have good awareness about transmission of the virus, 55.6% were knowledgeable of the symptoms exhibited by an infected individual, 81% were aware of the preventative measures and 82% demonstrated awareness of the risk groups. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33400809 | Senior nursing students saw the elimination of in-person clinical opportunities in the final months prior to graduation as health care facilities restricted access to essential personnel in an effort to minimize transmission of the virus and conserve personal protective equipment. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33401037 | The aim of this study was to investigate the concordance between RAT and RT-qPCR results, and their prediction of disease transmission. | 2021-01-05 |
| 33401392 | Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts to limit the transmission of the virus, COVID-19 cases and deaths have continued to increase, leaving devastating impacts on the lives of many with far-reaching effects on the global society, economy and healthcare system. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33401657 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2 promotes virus proliferation and transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33401753 | The results indicated that ZIKV transmission had obvious regional and seasonal heterogeneity. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33402019 | Hence, controlling the transmission of the virus is crucial. […] The review attempts to bring together a wide spectrum of surface-virus-cleaning agent interactions to help identify material selection for inanimate surfaces that have frequent human contact and cleaning procedures for effective prevention of COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33402022 | The timing of transmission plays a key role in the dynamics and controllability of an epidemic. […] However, observing generation times-the time interval between the infection of an infector and an infectee in a transmission pair-requires data on infection times, which are generally unknown. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33402047 | Although the human-to-human transmission route for this disease has been well established, its transmission mechanism is not fully understood. […] In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for COVID-19 which incorporates multiple transmission pathways and which employs time-dependent transmission rates reflecting the impact of disease prevalence and outbreak control. […] Applying this model to a retrospective study based on publicly reported data in China, we argue that the environmental reservoirs play an important role in the transmission and spread of the coronavirus. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33402169 | Emphasizing the need for global media entities to forge a fact-based, person-centered, and collaborative response to COVID-19 reporting, this paper encourages media resources to focus on the core issue of how to slow or stop COVID-19 transmission effectively. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33402334 | Ongoing disruptions to infrastructure, supply chains, services and interventions for HBV are likely to contribute disproportionately to the short-term incidence of chronic hepatitis B, providing a long-term source of onward transmission to future generations that threatens progress towards the 2030 elimination goals. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33402657 | Health care workers are susceptible to contracting infection with COVID-19 by aerosol transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403178 | As the number of cases rises in the United States (US), it has become more imperative to detect COVID-19 at its earliest radiologic stage to decrease community transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403183 | The coping mechanism was the support of their families and taking strict precautions, with self-isolation if required, to avoid any disease transmission to their families. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403201 | This public service may have influenced on reduced risk of virus transmission in Korea. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403319 | To prevent transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to healthcare workers, we must quickly implement workflow modifications in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403500 | The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 38 million people world-wide by person to person transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403958 | Fewer TB diagnoses, less attention to adherence and support during TB treatment, poorer treatment outcomes and consequent increased transmission will increase the TB burden and TB-related mortality. […] Similarly, integrating knowledge and awareness of TB into the increased healthcare worker and community education on infectious respiratory diseases, behavioural practices around infection prevention and control, and cough etiquette, including destigmatisation of mask use, may contribute to reducing TB transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403987 | To evaluate the effectiveness of different point-of-entry screening strategies in achieving a reduction in imported COVID-19 transmission. […] Two other modelling studies found that entry-based travel screening would achieve only modest delays in community transmission, while international travel quarantine could reduce case importations by 80%. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33403998 | Adding single low-dose primaquine to standard treatment is recommended in endemic areas to block onward transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33404197 | The lung ultrasound (LUS) is a noninvasive and easily repeatable tool and can be carried out by the pediatrician at the bedside of children with a consequent reduction in the risk of transmission of the virus. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33404371 | Because infection may be spread by people who are pre-symptomatic or asymptomatic, substantial undetected transmission is likely to occur before clinical cases are diagnosed. […] In this work, we evaluate the utility of aggregate human mobility data for estimating the geographical distribution of transmission risk. […] We present a simple procedure for producing spatial transmission risk assessments from near-real-time population mobility data. […] Two of these were well-defined transmission clusters and one was a community transmission scenario. […] Our results indicate that mobility data can be a good predictor of geographical patterns of exposure risk from transmission centres, particularly in outbreaks involving workplaces or other environments associated with habitual travel patterns. […] For community transmission scenarios, our results demonstrate that mobility data add the most value to risk predictions when case counts are low and spatially clustered. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33406042 | Since the COVID-19 epidemic is still expanding around the world and poses a serious threat to human life and health, it is necessary for us to carry out epidemic transmission prediction, whole genome sequence analysis, and public psychological stress assessment for 2019-nCoV. […] However, transmission prediction models are insufficiently accurate and genome sequence characteristics are not clear, and it is difficult to dynamically assess the public psychological stress state under the 2019-nCoV epidemic. […] Therefore, this study develops a 2019nCoVAS web service (http://www.combio-lezhang.online/2019ncov/home.html) that not only offers online epidemic transmission prediction and lineage-associated underrepresented permutation (LAUP) analysis services to investigate the spreading trends and genome sequence characteristics, but also provides psychological stress assessments based on such an emotional dictionary that we built for 2019-nCoV. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33406138 | In these cases pharmacological prophylaxis would be a solution to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) transmission. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33406385 | IPAC-SWAT strategies were multi-interventional and intended to mitigate further viral transmission or prevent outbreaks. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33406533 | We conclude that reversal of lockdown, without implementation of additional, equally effective interventions, will enable continued, sustained transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. | 2021-01-06 |
| 33407005 | In addition, direct-contact transmission was observed only from reinfected ferrets with low NAb titres (<20), and not from other groups. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33407800 | In addition, the second T in “CTG” in the DNA or uracil (U) in “CUG” in the RNA sequences from Iran can be mutated to another C by a missense mutation resulting from thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) of human and base excision repair mechanism to produce “CCG” encoding for proline, which consequently may increase the affinity of the RNA binding domain of N protein to viral RNA and improve the transcription rate, pathogenicity, evasion from human immunity system, spreading in the human body, and risk of human-to-human transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33407833 | To compile current published reports on nosocomial outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evaluate the role of healthcare workers (HCWs) in transmission, and evaluate outbreak management practices. […] The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed a large burden on hospitals and healthcare providers worldwide, which increases the risk of nosocomial transmission and outbreaks to “non-COVID” patients or residents, who represent the highest-risk population in terms of mortality, as well as HCWs. […] There is currently little evidence on transmission dynamics, particularly using genomic sequencing, and the role of HCWs in initiating or amplifying nosocomial outbreaks is not elucidated. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33407965 | Health care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to the risk of infections and could become vectors of onward transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). | 2021-01-07 |
| 33408123 | The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in endoscopy is not only between patients and endoscopy staff but is also through inadequately reprocessed endoscopes. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33408203 | Examine compliance with personal protective measures in communities for the prevention and control of local transmission of the COVID-19, and explore indicators for such behavioural compliance. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33408210 | The ambiguity of its transmission, the intense desire of self-protection, family, and friends, the unknown impact of catching the disease itself, unstoppable spread, the panic and outright misinformation lead to acute stress reaction syndrome. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33408231 | Conversely, anthropic contamination was frequent, suggesting a role for biofluids as putative markers of indirect transmission and risk assessment. […] Fomite monitoring by qPCR may have an impact on public health strategies, supporting prevention of indirect transmission similarly to what is done for other communicable diseases (e.g., influenza and influenza-like infections). | 2021-01-07 |
| 33409015 | Students with higher scores in PHQ-4 were strongly disagreeing that hand gloves and surgical masks may help in preventing COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33409060 | Adherence to these practices is the intervention of choice to reduce disease transmission in the current scenario. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33409174 | Current information suggests that the two main routes of transmission of the COVID-19 virus are respiratory droplets and contact. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33409178 | The corona virus transmits through droplets, contact, and fomites in human and become a chain transmission by human to human. […] To avoid local and community transmission in India, it was decided for complete lockdown of 21 days from March 25, 2020 in country to prevent mass gathering and promote social distancing. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33409247 | There are four important outcomes as selected by WHO experts for their decision- making process: incident cases, onward transmission, mortality, and resource use. […] For lockdown, ten studies consistently showed that it successfully reduced the incidence, onward transmission, and mortality rate of COVID-19. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33409635 | Transmission occurs primarily through direct physical head-to-head contact. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33410007 | Considering the population density, health care capacity, existing poverty and environmental factors with more than 420,000 infected people and about 8300 plus mortalities, community transmission of the coronavirus happened rapidly in Pakistan. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33410392 | Infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies are key in preventing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19. […] We also recommend that cases of suspected COVID-19 be cohorted separately from those with confirmed disease, whenever possible, to minimize the risk of patient-to-patient transmission in settings where confirmatory testing may be limited. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33410879 | Optimal control of COVID-19 depends on directing resources and health messaging to mitigation efforts that are most likely to prevent transmission, but the relative importance of such measures has been disputed. […] This decision analytical model assessed the relative amount of transmission from presymptomatic, never symptomatic, and symptomatic individuals across a range of scenarios in which the proportion of transmission from people who never develop symptoms (ie, remain asymptomatic) and the infectious period were varied according to published best estimates. […] Level of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from presymptomatic, never symptomatic, and symptomatic individuals. […] Combined, these baseline assumptions imply that persons with infection who never develop symptoms may account for approximately 24% of all transmission. […] In this base case, 59% of all transmission came from asymptomatic transmission, comprising 35% from presymptomatic individuals and 24% from individuals who never develop symptoms. […] In this decision analytical model of multiple scenarios of proportions of asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 and infectious periods, transmission from asymptomatic individuals was estimated to account for more than half of all transmissions. […] In addition to identification and isolation of persons with symptomatic COVID-19, effective control of spread will require reducing the risk of transmission from people with infection who do not have symptoms. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33411698 | Preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in colleges and universities requires mitigation strategies that address on- and off-campus congregate living settings as well as extracurricular activities and other social gatherings (1-4). | 2021-01-07 |
| 33411699 | Implementation of increased mitigation efforts at colleges and universities could minimize on-campus COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33411735 | The absence of antiviral drugs and the speed of COVID-19 transmission have had a major impact on public health systems worldwide, leading to the almost total collapse of many national and local healthcare services. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33411742 | Finding medications or vaccines that may decrease the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could potentially reduce transmission in the broader population. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33411766 | The information flow from government and social media seemed successful seeing the majority of the respondents identifying preventive measures, signs and symptoms and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33412447 | Our findings provide an empirical foundation for future studies on the relationship between air quality variables, a country’s biodiversity, and COVID-19 transmission and mortality. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33412567 | The novel coronavirus pandemic has increased the urgency of understanding a specific form of antisociality: behaviors that increase risk of disease transmission. […] Because disease transmission-linked behaviors tend to be interpreted and responded to differently than other antisocial behaviors, it is unclear whether general indices of antisociality predict contamination-relevant behaviors. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33412586 | It is of critical importance to estimate changing transmission rates and their dependence on population mobility. […] A common approach to this problem involves fitting daily transmission rates using a Susceptive Exposed Infected Recovered (SEIR) model (regularizing them to avoid overfitting), and then computing the relationship between the estimated transmission rate and mobility. […] Unfortunately, there are often several, very different transmission rate trajectories that can fit the reported cases well, meaning that the choice of regularization determines the final solution (and thus the mobility-transmission rate relationship) selected by the SEIR model. […] Moreover, the classical approaches to regularization-penalizing the derivative of the transmission rate trajectory-do not correspond to realistic properties of pandemic spread. […] Consequently, models fit using derivative-based regularization are often biased toward underestimating the current transmission rate and future deaths. […] In this work, we propose mobility-driven regularization of the SEIR transmission rate trajectory. […] This method rectifies the artificial regularization problem, produces more accurate and unbiased forecasts of future deaths, and estimates a highly interpretable relationship between mobility and the transmission rate. | 2021-01-07 |
| 33412792 | In Italy, updating the pandemic response plans is the priority, at national, regional and local level, and the occasion to fill the gaps and to improve surveillance systems to the interruption of COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33412795 | Changes in infection rates and transmission rates were estimated in 8 studies. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33412796 | They also contribute to the continuous re-assessment of risk related to transmission and impact of the epidemic thus contributing to the management of COVID-19 in Italy. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33412797 | Biological samples to detect possible vertical transmission are also collected voluntarily. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33412826 | Taps can be underestimated critical points in the transmission chain of the infection. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413059 | As the virus is transmitted by inhaling infectious respiratory droplets that are produced by sneezing or coughing, so early and rapid diagnosis of the disease can prevent infection and transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413218 | Until now, there has been little information on the epidemiological features and transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak which did not involve health-care professionals or social and health-care facilities. […] Understanding the evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the outbreak outside of these semi-closed communities would provide appropriate information to guide intervention policy. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413680 | The aim of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential in malaria-endemic countries in Africa. […] We present a data-driven method to quantify the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), could lead to the change of malaria transmission potential in 2020. […] Finally, by treating the total number of ITNs available in each country in 2020, we evaluate the negative effects of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential based on the notion of vectorial capacity. […] By treating the total number of ITNs available in each country in 2020 as a baseline, our results show that even with stringent NPIs, malaria transmission potential will remain higher than expected in the second half of 2020. […] By quantifying the impact of various NPI response to the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria transmission potential, this study provides a way to jointly address the syndemic between COVID-19 and malaria in malaria-endemic countries in Africa. […] The results suggest that the early intervention of COVID-19 can effectively reduce the scale of the epidemic and mitigate its impact on malaria transmission potential. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413723 | Population migration increases the risk of epidemic transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413743 | We prospectively examined transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from confirmed paediatric cases in Norwegian primary schools between August and November 2020. […] With preventive measures implemented in schools, we found minimal child-to-child (0.9%, 2/234) and child-to-adult (1.7%, 1/58) transmission, supporting that under 14 year olds are not the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413811 | Community transmission of severe acute respiratory illness Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Arizona was noted in March 2020. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33413812 | However, little is known about the risk of transmission between coworkers. […] The objective of this study was to determine the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between coworkers in a surgical environment. […] The risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a health care unit with universal masking and appropriate hand hygiene is low. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33414470 | Here, we develop a mathematical model that quantifies the probability of post-quarantine transmission incorporating testing into travel quarantine, quarantine of traced contacts with an unknown time of infection, and quarantine of cases with a known time of exposure. […] In a real-world test of our theory applied to offshore oil rig employees, 47 positives were obtained with testing on entry and exit to quarantine, of which 16 had tested negative at entry; preventing an expected nine offshore transmission events that each could have led to outbreaks. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33414636 | Therefore, WHO recommends that people should stay at home to reduce disease transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33414650 | In studies from various countries, children have milder disease, constituting as little as 1-8% of all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, with less transmission capacity to household contacts than adults (0.5-7% vs. […] Also, the transmission of illness between students at school is less than expected, and the transmission of COVID-19 to students is usually acquired from sick adults rather than sick students. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33415760 | These results suggest that intensive interventions, including compulsory home isolation and rapid improvement of medical resources, can effectively reduce the COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33416050 | Depending on the local testing capacity and intensity of transmission in the area, healthcare facilities may test patients for SARS-CoV-2 infection before the interventional procedure, regardless of risk assessment for COVID-19. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33416516 | Nonpharmaceutical interventions to minimize the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are necessary because we currently lack a vaccine or specific treatments. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33416859 | Ensuring early access to diagnosis and treatment to non-Italians could facilitate the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and improve health outcomes in all people living in Italy, regardless of nationality. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33417344 | Work-related factors are likely to increase transmission, severity, and post infection sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. […] Migrant work, living in crowded hostels, working in narrow poorly ventilated shafts mainly underground constitute important factors that increase transmission risk. […] Reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection transmission, health monitoring of infected and vulnerable workers, and following up of postinfection outcomes is essential to protect the respiratory health of miners. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33417591 | To safely resume sports, college and university athletic programs and regional athletic conferences created plans to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Despite the potential risk for transmission from frequent, close contact associated with athletic activities (4), more athletes reported exposure to COVID-19 at social gatherings (40.7%) and from roommates (31.7%) than they did from exposures associated with athletic activities (12.7%). […] These findings support new guidance from CDC (5) in which different options are provided to shorten quarantine for persons such as collegiate athletes, especially if doing so will increase compliance, balancing the reduced duration of quarantine against a small but nonzero risk for postquarantine transmission. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33417752 | It is to determine in Orthopedic surgery and Spine Surgery and its branches the new required safety protocols when attending patients with risk of infection, or transmission for COVID-19 and comorbidities in the outpatient and inpatient hospital setting. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33418151 | This article addresses three central questions: (1) in what circumstances is it lawful to isolate residents of social care homes to prevent transmission of COVID-19, in particular where the resident has a strong compulsion to walk and will not, or cannot, remain still and isolated? | 2021-01-08 |
| 33418193 | Front-line HCWs, regardless of the levels of COVID-19 transmission in their country, are anxious when they do not feel protected. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33418356 | There is still a lack of understanding of its origin, transmission, and treatment methods. […] The local cases were then compared with the imported cases using stepwise logistic regression, logistic regression with case-control of time, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify factors influencing local disease transmission. […] These findings provide a useful reference to the government and the general public as to the spatial vulnerability of COVID-19 transmission and to take appropriate preventive measures in high-risk areas. | 2021-01-08 |
| 33419142 | The multiple modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission including airborne, droplet, contact, and fecal-oral transmissions that cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to a public threat to the lives of people worldwide. […] Herein, different databases are reviewed to evaluate modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and study the effects of negative pressure ventilation, air conditioning system, and related protection approaches of this virus. […] Droplet transmission was commonly reported to occur in particles with diameter >5 µm that can quickly settle gravitationally on surfaces (1-2 m). […] Instead, fine and ultrafine particles (airborne transmission) can stay suspended for an extended period of time (≥2 h) and be transported further, e.g., up to 8 m through simple diffusion and convection mechanisms. […] Droplet and airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can be limited indoors with adequate ventilation of rooms, by routine disinfection of toilets, using negative pressure rooms, using face masks, and maintaining social distancing. […] The work reviews a body of literature supporting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through air, causing COVID-19 disease, which requires coordinated worldwide strategies. | 2021-01-09 |
| 33419216 | Weather and climate play a significant role in infectious disease transmission, through changes to transmission dynamics, host susceptibility and virus survival in the environment. […] Exploring the association of weather variables and COVID-19 transmission is vital in understanding the potential for seasonality and future outbreaks and developing early warning systems. […] This review aims to summarize the currently available literature on the association between weather and COVID-19 incidence and provide possible suggestions for developing weather-based early warning system for COVID-19 transmission. […] Studies eligible for inclusion used ecological methods to evaluate associations between weather (i.e., temperature, humidity, wind speed and rainfall) and COVID-19 transmission. […] Weather variables including temperature and humidity can contribute to increased transmission of COVID-19, particularly in winter conditions through increased host susceptibility and viability of the virus. | 2021-01-09 |
| 33419456 | Providing optimal care to patients with acute respiratory illness while preventing hospital transmission of COVID-19 is of paramount importance during the pandemic; the challenge lies in achieving both goals simultaneously. […] Although aerosolization of droplets may occur with aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP), including high flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive ventilation, the risk of using these AGMP is outweighed by the benefit in carefully selected patients, particularly if care is taken to mitigate risk of viral transmission. | 2021-01-09 |
| 33419936 | Using large-scale phylogenetic analyses combined with epidemiological and travel data, we quantified the size, spatiotemporal origins, and persistence of genetically distinct UK transmission lineages. […] We discuss the implications of our genetic perspective on transmission dynamics for COVID-19 epidemiology and control. | 2021-01-09 |
| 33419948 | Specimens collected under supervision perform comparably to NPS and can effectively identify individuals with higher risk of transmission in real life conditions. | 2021-01-09 |
| 33420694 | It was found that the most effective weather parameters on the active cases of COVID-19 in the initial wave transmission was the average daily solar radiation (r = - 0.503; p = 0.000), while all other tests for other parameters failed. […] In the second wave of COVID-19 transmission, it was found that the most effective weather parameter on the active cases of COVID-19 was the maximum temperature (r = 0.394; p = 0.028). | 2021-01-09 |
| 33421047 | The correlation coefficients are 0.95 and 0.817, respectively, indicating that the transmission of COVID-19 in the USA is characterized by agglomeration. | 2021-01-09 |
| 33422421 | The eyes can act as a portal of entry and/or route of viral transmission for these pathogens. […] This article aims to elucidate the ocular manifestations in these pandemics and measures that should be adopted in ophthalmic practice to prevent the disease transmission. | 2021-01-10 |
| 33422454 | In this context, telemedicine has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission. | 2021-01-10 |
| 33423278 | By doing so, the acquisition and transmission of COVID-19 may be mitigated, which would benefit both these workers and the US public. | 2021-01-10 |
| 33423589 | Our aim was to report the epidemiology of COVID-19 in an amateur ice hockey team and the team-to-team transmission during two games. […] We report massive team-to-team transmission of COVID-19 in the U-20 Finnish National Hockey League. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33423752 | Themes from open-ended responses regarding employee safety concerns included, exposure and transmission risk, processes, and personal concerns. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33423839 | However, planning how to distribute vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is even harder because we understand relatively little about the virus, transmission, and its immunological impact in the short and long term. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33424100 | The suggested solutions - eg encouraging regular physical activity outdoors (also for symptomless quarantined people), frequent ventilation with fresh air, and more careful use of antipyretics - can markedly help to reduce the rate of transmission of this disease. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33424220 | Utilizing national migration data regarding the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), this paper employs a difference-in-differences approach to empirically analyze the relationship between human mobility and the transmission of infectious diseases in China. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33424259 | Its rapid transmission, unpredicted mortality rate, and the uncertainty surrounding its transmission method have evoked additional fear and anxiety. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33424423 | It is expected that this study exposed the necessity to introduce proper infectious waste management policy and also the increase in awareness level among mass people regarding the preventive measures of COVID-19 infection to combat against disease transmission and environmental pollution. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33424429 | In this regard, the affected countries are now trying to slow down the virus’s transmission through social-distancing, lockdowns, increasing the number of tests and treatment facilities. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425132 | Despite limited data on person-to-person transmission or nosocomial transmission, we report the epidemiological features of a familial cluster of 4 positive cases to SARS-CoV-2 in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria. […] The epidemiological evidence from our study on familial cluster analysis reveals possible transmission of Novel SARS-CoV-2 during the incubation period. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425167 | Of the 26 indicators of knowledge assessed, 22 (84.61%) showed significant increase (p<0.05) with the most significant changes observed with the symptoms, mode of transmission and prevention of the disease. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425189 | The susceptibility of pregnant women to infections has raised many questions about the risk of transmission, teratogenic risk and maternal and fetal complications. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425228 | In restorative dentistry, the use of high-speed air turbine, which generates aerosols, can be associated with the transmission of airborne diseases. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425377 | Antimicrobial surface coatings function as a contact biocide and are extensively used to prevent the growth and transmission of pathogens on environmental surfaces. […] Herein we present a flavonoid-based antimicrobial surface coating fabricated by laser processing that has the potential to eradicate COVID-19 contact transmission. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425533 | Healthcare workers (HCWs) should use PPE correctly to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission of the coronavirus. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425640 | This paper stresses its base contribution on a new SIR-type model including direct and fomite transmission as well as the effect of distinct household structures. […] The notion of minimum contact radius is included in the direct transmission, facilitating the arguments on physical distancing. […] As fomite transmission heavily relates to former-trace of sneezes, the vector field of the system naturally contains an integral kernel with time delay indicating the contribution of undetected and non-quarantined asymptomatic cases in accumulating the historical contamination of surfaces. […] We then increase the complexity by including the different transmission routines within and between households. […] The first step subdivides the entire compartments (susceptible, exposed, asymptomatic, symptomatic, recovered, death) into the household level and different infection rates for the direct transmission within and between households were distinguished. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425645 | Secured medical image transmission requires adequate techniques for protecting patient privacy. […] This study aims at encrypting Coronavirus (COVID-19) images of Computed Tomography (CT) chest scan into cipherimages for secure real-world data transmission of infected patients. […] Based on the obtained key-streams, an encryption scheme of four COVID-19 CT-images is proposed and designed to attain a high grade of confidentiality and integrity in transmission of medical data. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425696 | Comprehensively we recommend intervention only in emergency procedures during pandemic, use of personal protective equipment during all procedures, preoperative investigations for diagnosis and modifications in operation theatre, anesthesia and surgical techniques to reduce aerosols generation will minimize risk of infection transmission to health care workers. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33425988 | These findings clearly indicate the potential of this inexpensive, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnostic test to extend our testing capabilities for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 to curtail COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33426160 | Following the severe consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak, on March 9, 2020, the Italian government implemented extraordinary measures to limit viral transmission, including restrictive quarantine measures. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33426178 | We aimed to assess the contribution of a- and presymptomatic residents and healthcare workers in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in nursing homes. […] We additionally describe factors that may contribute to the prevention of transmission. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33426424 | Encrypted transmission is required to the Dentist for early diagnosis and treatment in Teledental system in this pandemic context. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33426593 | Hence, a huge percentage of the population have the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders as a bystander effect of viral infection apart from being potential reservoir of disease transmission. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33426872 | To understand the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2, one needs to unravel the intricacies of host immune response to the virus, the viral pathogen’s mode of transmission, and alterations in specific biological pathways in the host allowing viral survival. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33427144 | Patient noncompliance, decreased hand hygiene, and asymptomatic or presymptomatic transmission were more frequent on the outbreak ward. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33427152 | It is important to understand the temporal trend of the paediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load to estimate the transmission potential of children in schools and communities. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33427780 | The present study aimed to assess the demographic variables, causes, and patterns of maxillofacial injuries managed at a teaching hospital in Wuhan City during the transmission control measures in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. […] The characteristics of maxillofacial injuries had changes during the transmission control measures in the COVID-19 epidemic, which included the number of patients, gender, age, etiology, time since injury to the clinic visit, and type of maxillofacial injuries. […] The transmission control measures during the COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on the epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries in Wuhan City. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33428634 | However, sequencing is necessary for mutation monitoring and tracking of clusters of transmission, development of diagnostics and for vaccines and drug development. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33429331 | Considering to the potential threat of a pandemic and transmission severity of it, there is an urgent need to evaluate and realize this new virus’s structure and behavior and the immunopathology of this disease to find potential therapeutic protocols and to design and develop effective vaccines. | 2021-01-11 |
| 33429890 | The results showed satisfactory knowledge about the COVID-19 etiology, mode of transmission and the pre-procedural cautions as the majority of them had a fair level of knowledge with significantly higher knowledge among specialized respondents. […] Considering the updates on the transmission of COVID-19 and protective strategies, there is an urgent need for improvement of dentists’ knowledge about risk assessment via training programs. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33429917 | Knowledge and understanding of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, incubation period and complications associated with COVID-19 are comprehensive and high (>90%), except available treatment for COVID-19 (84%). […] However, only 63% believed that the use of N-95 face masks and disposable and fluid-resistant gowns (76%) could prevent COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33430042 | COVID-19 is a viral respiratory tract disease that poses an increasing risk of infection through person-to-person transmission in a confined space or close proximity to an infected person. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33430050 | Phylodynamic inference is a pivotal tool in understanding transmission dynamics of viral outbreaks. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33430832 | We have applied a modified version of a standard SEIR disease transmission model that includes symptomatic and asymptomatic infectious populations, and that incorporates feasible public health measures. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33430856 | Here we explore the potential role of cross-reactivity induced by eHCoVs on age-specific COVID-19 severity in a mathematical model of eHCoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431196 | The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the Otolaryngology outpatient clinical practice, which is at high risk of respiratory viral transmission due to the close contact between the examiner and the patient’s airway secretions [1]. […] Along with the re-opening of elective clinical services and the impending second wave of the outbreak, a reorganization is necessary to minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission [1]. […] The hints provided in this video are useful to ensure both patient and examiner safety during Otolaryngological outpatient consultations and to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431332 | The impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and its risk of vertical transmission is still not well known. […] Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is low when complying to the recommendations issued by Sociedad Española de Neonatología, allowing rooming-in and promoting breastfeeding. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431356 | Nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 among cancer patients could result in poor outcomes. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431392 | Beijing’s unique response has consisted of using online platforms for general practitioners to facilitate monitoring among community residents, as well as public health education and a mobilized pharmacy refill program to reduce risk of transmission. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431614 | We used regression discontinuity to compare request rates in eight European countries before and after they implemented lockdown measures to slow COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431650 | The science around the use of masks by the public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. […] In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact, transmission characteristics, source control, wearer protection, sociological considerations, and implementation considerations. […] A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory particles, and it is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic, paucisymptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals. […] Reducing disease spread requires two things: limiting contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures and reducing the transmission probability per contact. […] The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected respiratory particles in both laboratory and clinical contexts. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33431866 | As a result it provides a dramatic reduction in transmission, comparable to that achieved by a population-wide lockdown, despite sustaining socioeconomic continuity at ~50% capacity. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33432288 | This paper reviews the origin, characteristics and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus and the preventive measures adopted by the world’s nations to curb the effects of the pandemic. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33432292 | On 24 March, the Polish Ministry of Health enforced self-isolation measures to contain the transmission of the disease. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33432295 | Otorhinolaryngologists, particularly dealing with airway cases, are subjected to highest risk of COVID 19 aerosolisation, self infection and transmission. […] Being a tertiary airway centre and having received a number of airway cases, most of them requiring prompt surgical intervention, our airway surgery and anaesthesiology team had to work in conjunction to adapt and readapt the practice over the past few months, striving to achieve effective airway surgery protocols, to minimize exposure and prevent transmission of COVID 19. […] Routine 2 weeks follow up of the patients have been favourable, as there has not been any report or clinical features of transmission of COVID 19. […] As the airway surgeries could be executed with the incorporation of certain change in practice and as the follow up revealed no evidence of transmission, we attempt to contribute to airway best practice guideline for maintaining the safety of patients and health professionals. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33433285 | The unpredictable nature of transmission of COVID-19 requires a meticulous understanding of guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE) as published by WHO and Public Health England (PHE). | 2021-01-12 |
| 33433299 | It is the mask’s ability to signal a deception, or extrapolated more broadly, a value system, that is highly relevant to current public health guidelines encouraging mask use to decrease the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33433629 | However, approximately 10% of the participants were unaware of the effective measures for preventing the infection, which can cause active transmission of the virus. […] In addition to considering the importance of high community awareness in prevention and isolation measures, the government should provide disinfectants and other materials at a low price to reduce the transmission, as this may lead to effective practice to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. […] Findings of this research demonstrate acceptable rates of knowledge and practice in most Iranians; however, about 10% of them were unaware of the true prevention practices, which can cause active transmission of the virus. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434001 | Both countries face mass community transmission of the disease, with India facing severe infections and deaths. […] Here, we have shown a framework leading to further environmental and community transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic if the BMW generated at healthcare facilities and homes is not appropriately managed. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434385 | In general, Syrian refugee mothers were knowledgeable about Covid-19 transmission and prevention. […] However, they lacked adequate knowledge about transmission of Covid-19 between the mother and the child, and smoking risks associated with Covid-19. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434420 | On concurring to the current evidence, the myriad of vulnerable COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19) transmission is acquiring through human-to-human transmission through droplets, which is depicting devastating pandemic. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434663 | This assay can be a useful tool for a proper patient management, because the level and duration of viral replication are important factors to assess the risk of transmission and to guide decisions regarding the isolation and release of patients; an accurate diagnosis is critical information, whereas the current COVID-19 pandemic represents the biggest current global health problem. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434666 | This issue takes on even greater importance in developing countries, where data on resistance patterns are scarce, conditions for infectious pathogen transmission are optimal, and treatment resources are suboptimal. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434673 | Our results, straightforwardly obtained from the SIR model, highlight the role of undetected carriers in the transmission and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434891 | Physical Biology, 17(6):065010], we discussed virus transmission dynamics modified by a uniform clustering of contacts in the population: close contacts within households and more distant contacts between households. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33434925 | We developed a mathematical model to describe the new coronavirus transmission in São Paulo State, Brazil. […] From the data collected in São Paulo State, we estimated the transmission and additional mortality rates. | 2021-01-12 |
| 33435301 | Temperature and relative humidity were mainly the driving factors on COVID-19 transmission, but their relations obviously varied with season and geographical location. […] In summer, the increase in relative humidity and the decrease in maximum temperature facilitate COVID-19 transmission in arid inland cities, while at this point the decrease in relative humidity is good for the spread of COVID-19 in coastal cities. […] For the humid cities, the reduction of relative humidity and the lowest temperature in the winter promote COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33435405 | The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is related to the high rate of interhuman transmission of the virus, variability of clinical presentation, and the absence of specific therapeutic methods. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33435547 | The abundance of ACE-2 on the placental cell surface, especially the syncytiotrophoblasts, could potentially contribute to vertical transplacental transmission to the fetus following maternal COVID-19 infection. […] The potential mechanistic pathways associated with transplacental viral transmission and adverse pregnancy outcomes are also discussed. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33435631 | In this paper, we analyze the features and pattern of the virus transmission. […] Considering the influence of indirect transmission, a conscious-based Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered (SEIR) (C-SEIR) model is proposed, and the difference equation is used to establish the model. […] Then, the virus transmission can be modelled and used for the inflexion and extinction period of pandemic development so as to provide theoretical support for the Chinese government in the decision-making of pandemic prevention and recovery of economic production. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33435661 | Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic governments have taken actions to limit the transmission of the virus such as lockdown measures and reorganization of the local Health System. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33435892 | In this study, a network-based epidemic transmission model combined with a testing mechanism was proposed to study the role of testing in epidemic control. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33435929 | COVID-19 is a two-phase disease being marked by (phase 1) increased virus transmission and infection rates due to the wide expression of the main infection-related ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CTSB/L human genes in tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, as well as by (phase 2) host- and probably sex- and/or age-specific uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses which drive hyper-cytokinemia, aggressive inflammation and (due to broad organotropism of SARS-CoV-2) collateral tissue damage and systemic failure likely because of imbalanced ACE/ANGII/AT1R and ACE2/ANG(1-7)/MASR axes signaling. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33436085 | Testing upon arrival with implementation of the public health preventative measures can minimize the risk of transmission. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33436105 | Surface contamination of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or bacteria can result in nosocomial transmission. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33436119 | With schools reopening, an increasing number of custodians are applying disinfectant spray methods to decontaminate frequently touched surfaces, including school supplies, walls, desks, and chairs, to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission between students, and teachers and students in the classroom. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33436456 | Therefore, rapid diagnosis in conjunction with infection prevention measures is important to prevent transmission of the diseases. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437145 | Here we tried to compile all the data available on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the reproductive system as well as vertical transmission of the virus. […] Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has also been reported in some cases. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437221 | These two viruses are different in the transmission mode and in the symptoms they generate. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437465 | It is of paramount importance to understand the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools, which could support the decision-making about educational facilities closure or re-opening with effective prevention and control measures in place. […] We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools. […] There is limited high-quality evidence available to quantify the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools or to compare it to community transmission. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437532 | Specifically, literature is reviewed in terms of how copper cold spray coatings can be applied to high-touch surfaces in biomedical as well as healthcare settings to prevent fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through rapidly inactivating SARS-CoV-2 virions after contaminating a surface. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437684 | Certain innovative methods for protecting healthcare workers from viral transmission were put into our practice based on the peer reviewed articles, from June, 2020 and the rate of elective procedures and in-patient admissions were thus increased. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437687 | The Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) strategies to end the COVID-19 pandemic were; slow and stop transmission; provide optimized care for patients; and minimize the impact of the epidemic on health systems, social services, and economic activity. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437699 | We believe that an oral prophylactic protocol with PVP-I for dental healthcare workers and patients as an adjunct to the current biosecurity protocol could minimize the transmission risk during COVID-19 pandemic. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437752 | The case also suggests thought on the ineffectiveness of distancing and social containment measures when dealing with sexually transmitted diseases. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437897 | Some models assumed that asymptomatic infections were infectious or pre-symptomatic transmission was possible, which overestimated the value of R0. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33437928 | The presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in the preocular tear film raises speculation that the ocular surface can act as an initial site of infection as well as a potential source of person-to-person viral transmission. […] Together, these results highlight the importance of safety measures in ophthalmology practices to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Ophthalmology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic has been dramatically curtailed in an effort to reduce the risk of transmission and converse valuable personal protective equipment (PPE), and the impacts of the ongoing pandemic on ophthalmology practices will be felt for the foreseeable future. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33439694 | We performed COVID-19 swabs for 80 patients and 93 staff, detecting three cancer patients with community-acquired COVID-19 infections with no nosocomial transmission. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33439885 | Identical or highly similar strains, possibly related through a common transmission chain, were detected with increasing frequency in Washington state between end of February and beginning of March. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33439958 | A bibliographic search of texts relating to basic sanitation, socioeconomic development and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide was conducted. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33440251 | The study reports the successful feasibility and usability of 0.5% PVP-I gargles and nasal drops and bears the potential to provide benefits in preventing transmission from the patients to the health care workers and vice versa. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33440299 | However, lung function testing represents a potential route for COVID-19 transmission, due to the aerosol generated during the procedures and the concentration of patients with pulmonary diseases in lung function laboratories. […] Currently, the opportunities for COVID-19 transmission remain partially unknown, and data are continuously evolving. | 2021-01-13 |
| 33440895 | In order to address the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting transmission, an intense global effort is underway to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33441152 | To explore the clinical characteristics and placental pathological changes of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) in the third trimester, and to assess the possibility of vertical transmission. […] All patients were cured, no clinical or serological evidence pointed to vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] We found no evidence of vertical transmission and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in the placentas of third trimester COVID-19 pregnancy women, which provided further information for the clinical management of those women in the third trimester. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33441168 | The objective of this study is to discuss the difference of spatial transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in China at the early outbreak stage with resolute efforts. […] The estimated basic reproduction number thorough GGM model can reflect the spatial difference of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in China at the early stage. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33441367 | The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major societal challenge that requires large-scale behaviour change, widespread collective action and cooperation to reduce viral transmission. […] To investigate this we will conduct a systematic review that will identify what messages and behaviour change techniques have the potential to optimise the effect on population behaviour in relation to reducing transmission of respiratory infections. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33441775 | These findings underline the importance of appropriate handling of contaminated PPE during and following use in high-risk settings and provide interesting insight into the potential utility of cotton in limiting COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33442244 | Rapid transmission of the virus is dangerous with a high possibility of life-threatening complications. […] An electronic literature search was done using PubMed to gather information on the pathogenesis, transmission of infection, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for COVID-19. […] Such presentation of data should allow the reader quick access to basic and crucial information related to epidemiology, viral transmission, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, and complications that may occur in the course of COVID-19. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33443115 | Real-time, high-resolution transmission software streamed audiovisual data to a proctor located in Canada. […] The software allowed the transmission of images in a de-identified, HIPAA-compliant manner. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33443283 | COVID-19 is an under-studied infection, and several aspects of viral transmission and clinical progress remain at present unclear. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33443494 | These policies were largely successful at curbing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1), but they came with social and economic costs, including increases in unemployment, interrupted education, social isolation, and related psychosocial outcomes (2,3). | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444301 | Increases in community rates might be associated with increases in nursing home COVID-19 incidence, and nursing home mitigation strategies need to include a comprehensive plan to monitor local SARS-CoV-2 transmission and minimize high-risk exposures within facilities. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444357 | Ongoing work from our group aims to identify the environmental, biological, and social factors of residence at HE that impact infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of COVID-19 in an effort to harness these mechanisms for future public health and/or treatment interventions. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444360 | Knowledge of transmission and preventive measures should be improved in the general population cognizant of cultural norms and Islamic practices. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444435 | We reflect on the potential role of airports in infection transmission, the current preventive measures to avoid travelling-related infections and discuss if there is a real need to focus on strict airport controls when community transmission is ongoing. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444755 | The role of asymptomatic infections in the transmission of COVID-19 have drawn considerable attention. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444833 | During the pandemic, there has been a concern about the increased risk of perioperative mortality for patients with COVID-19, and the transmission risk to healthcare workers, particularly during endonasal neurosurgical operations. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33444865 | We suggest that Israel and Palestine function as one epidemiological unit, due to extensive border crossing of inhabitants and tourists, resulting in cross-border infections and potential for outbreaks’ transmission. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33445015 | To achieve this, we identify some research needs that will strengthen our understanding of the transmission, occurrence, and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and wastewater, including the life-span that depends on temperature. | 2021-01-14 |
| 33445657 | The probability of vertical transmission cannot be excluded. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33445697 | Early blockading to prevent transmission into the community, strict maintenance of social distance to prevent internal diffusion, timely elimination of public panic, and efficient guarantees of household supplies have proven effective in preventing the spread of the epidemic. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33445704 | Thus, mink are highly susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2, but routes of transmission between farms, other than by direct human contact, are unclear. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33446172 | Many countries have recommended the use of face masks for general population in public places to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33446370 | As a result, no transmission to staff occurred during the 2 weeks of follow-up after surgery. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33446429 | Analysis of the cities with wide-ranging temperature variations showed a negative correlation of COVID-19 transmission (P=0.079) with temperature, but a relatively non-significant correlation with relative humidity (P=0.198). […] Analysis of the real-case scenario and application of predictive models showed that for New York, Lombardy, and Madrid more than 120 days of strict lockdown was required for complete control of the transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33447105 | With the rise of potential infections in the healthcare facilities and the transmission nature of the current COVID-19 pandemic, consistent and correct disinfections of these devices after each use should not be pardoned. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33447163 | Endemic transmission was recognized in Canada in early February 2020, making it urgent for public health stakeholders to have access to robust and reliable tools to support decision-making for epidemic management. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33447193 | The objective of the narrative review is to describe what is COVID-19-related coronavirus (CoV), its structure and particle size, potential transmission routes, the risk of infection in patients undergoing blood transfusion or in patients with diabetes and cancer, and recommendations to prevent its spread in office settings, travel / recreation settings, residential and health facilities. […] With this narrative review, we hope to raise awareness of the usual and unusual pathways of transmission and prevent the spread of this pandemic disease. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33447433 | Here, we focus on the recent advances of the novel CoV, and discuss its genomic similarity with other CoVs, transmission, animal model and clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by SARS-CoV-2, which help epidemic prevention and control, and guide treatment strategies. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33447465 | Most of the orthodontists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and transmission routes (n=159 and n=183, respectively). […] The participants also avoided aerosol-generating procedures and used transmission-based protective equipment. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33447664 | Our results provide evidence that HCoV infection in England is most intense in winter, but that there is a small amount of ongoing transmission during summer periods. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33448856 | In this study, we examined molecular mechanisms underlying conformational and dynamic changes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike mutant trimers through the lens of dynamic analysis of allosteric interaction networks and atomistic modeling of signal transmission. […] The results of this study revealed key functional regions and regulatory centers that govern collective dynamics, allosteric interactions, and control signal transmission in the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33449199 | Implemented concepts included a complete revision and implementation of lectures as video podcasts, examination videos, online examination conferences, interactive patient cases, narrated videos of surgery, anamnesis videos of patients and the design of the virtual patient room, a live online practice with presentation and examination of patients including transmission of the slit-lamp image to reproduce anterior and posterior segment examination. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33449481 | Personal protective equipment (PPE) including masks and gloves is needed to avoid transmission. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33450319 | Consequently, it is important to have effective means of preventing viral transmission and reducing its devastating effects on human and animal health. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33450689 | The urban environment and specifically the air ventilation rate, as well as air pollution, can probably affect, also, the transmission dynamics and the case fatality rate of COVID-19. | 2021-01-15 |
| 33451324 | As measles transmission was eminent, public health measures were employed through immediate implementation of the section 15 of the Public Health Ordinance, allowing for compulsory short-term isolation. […] Nevertheless, minimizing infectious diseases transmission is a core function of public health law. […] Utilizing legal enforcement in circumstances of immediate public health hazard, such as nosocomial measles transmission, necessitates careful consideration. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33452195 | Our findings will enable the implementation of countermeasures to reduce viral transmission and severe COVID-19 outcomes in children. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33452267 | For any TTI strategy, however, mitigation is challenged by pre- and asymptomatic transmission, TTI-avoiders, and undetected spreaders, which strongly contribute to “hidden” infection chains. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33452375 | The proliferation and transmission of viruses has become a threat to worldwide biosecurity, as exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33453349 | The aim was to describe the epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in outbreak free care homes. […] Asymptomatic COVID-19 care homes showed no evidence of disease transmission or development of outbreaks; suggesting that current infection prevention and control measures are effective in preventing transmission. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33453351 | Understanding the mechanisms for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is key to preventing further spread but there is confusion over the meaning of “airborne” whenever transmission is discussed. […] This article gathers together and explores some of the most commonly held dogmas on airborne transmission in order to stimulate revision of the science in the light of current evidence. […] Experts from specialties encompassing aerosol studies, ventilation, engineering, physics, virology and clinical medicine have joined together to present this review, in order to consolidate the evidence for airborne transmission mechanisms and offer justification for modern strategies for prevention and control of Covid-19 in healthcare and community. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33453376 | We, therefore, critically analyzed the blood donor selection criteria and hereby, suggest an updating regarding the pre-donation haemoglobin, sexually transmitted diseases, lactation, pregnancy and many such subheadings. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33453689 | This is important to determine the true number of infections within the general population which, in turn, can help to understand transmission, inform control measures and provide a denominator for the estimation of severity measures such as the proportion of infected people who have been hospitalised and/or have died. | 2021-01-16 |
| 33454668 | The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases remains significant. | 2021-01-17 |
| 33454742 | Role of pediatric cases in secondary transmission of COVID-19 is not well understood. | 2021-01-17 |
| 33455218 | Such nanostructured surfaces have the potential to be used in healthcare environment such as hospitals and public spaces to reduce the surface transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and combat COVID-19. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33455620 | Given the most likely modes of transmission through droplets, aerosols, and fomite contact, airway procedures such as endotracheal intubation place air medical crews and other health care providers at high risk for exposure. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456070 | m, the relatively high deposition fraction in the oral/laryngeal combined region warns of its easy transmission through casual talking/coughing. […] Moreover, considering droplet sizes’ effect on virus loading capacity, we built a correlation model to quantify the potential of virus expelling hazards, which suggests an amplified cascade effect on virus transmission on top of the existing transmission mechanism. […] It therefore highlights the importance of considering the instant expelling possibilities from inhaled droplets, and also implies potentials in restricting a rapid secondary transmission by measures that can lower down droplet deposition in the upper airways. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456205 | This review examines the potential risk of transmission through food and environmental surfaces before discussing an effective inactivation strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic in the aspect of food safety. […] Although food and water are not currently considered priority transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, infection through contaminated food and environmental surfaces where the virus can persist for several days cannot be ignored, particularly when the surrounding environment is unhygienic. […] This approach could help determine the exact transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 and prepare for the post-COVID-19 era in the food safety sector. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456294 | = 210; 64.8% female; average age = 39.33; 14.3% ethnic/racial minority) interactions with children (focal child age: 25.2% birth to 5 years old, 36.7% 6 to 11 years old, 37.6% 12 to 18 years old) about topics associated to COVID-19-related viral transmission suppression guidelines and stress/coping behaviors. […] These findings also underscore the importance of providing information to parents in ways that can be translated to children in developmentally appropriate conversations about viral transmission suppression activities and stress management during disasters. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456304 | Due to the high adaptation of the virus, COVID-19 demonstrated a high transmission and infectivity potentials. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456432 |
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2021-01-18 |
| 33456496 | Using the least square method and minimizing the error between the fitted curve and the actual data, unknown parameters, like the transmission rate, recovery rate, and mortality rate, are estimated. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456650 | The importance of this observation is to make a remind of the mode of transmission, to discuss the severity of the virus in case of pregnancy and to discuss the therapeutic protocol used in our country in front of this epidemic. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456651 | Interrupting community transmission will require early detection and contact trace of asymptomatic cases. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456657 | Eighty-two percent of these were returning residents and 18% were local transmission. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456662 | Data were analysed using thematic analysis. patients’ viewpoints were suggestive of community and secondary transmission of COIVD-19 in the study area. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33456663 | We describe a COVID-19 imported case placed under home quarantine that resulted in 8 local transmission cases at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Botswana. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33457109 | Although the SARS-CoV-2 genome is undergoing subtle evolution in humans through mutation that may enhance transmission, there is limited evidence for attenuation that might weaken the virus. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33457308 | The World Health Organization named it 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and the disease caused by the pathogen was called 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), which was characterized by higher pathogenicity, transmission of human to human. […] It is necessary for PICU managers to thoroughly carry out scientific and effective department management and carefully execute of infection control measures to prevent the transmission. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33457429 | Further studies are recommended to test its efficacy in humans for mitigating the transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33457497 | The dense social contact networks and high mobility in congested urban areas facilitate the rapid transmission of infectious diseases. […] However, the rapid and global transmission of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to unprecedented lockdowns at global and regional scales, leaving the archived datasets to limited use. […] We find that in addition to the contact network and population density, road connectivity patterns and ease of transit are strongly correlated with the rate of transmission of the disease. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33457513 | In the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, virtual visits have become the primary means of delivering efficient, high-quality, and safe health care while Americans are instructed to stay at home until the rapid transmission of the virus abates. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33458715 | This study aimed to explore community perspectives on challenges and potential solutions to reduce COVID-19 transmission among displaced communities in opposition-controlled Northwest Syria. […] While most participants had sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, they lacked practical tools to prevent transmission. […] Tailored control measures are urgently needed to reduce COVID-19 transmission in camps. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33458756 | We examine airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 potential using a source-to-dose framework beginning with generation of virus-containing droplets and aerosols and ending with virus deposition in the respiratory tract of susceptible individuals. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33460228 | This increased use is understandable given the unique international strategies put in place to reduce viral transmission, such as “lockdown” and “work from home”. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33460390 | The risk of transmission decreases with adequate knowledge of infection prevention methods. […] The majority agreed that social distancing, face masks, and hand washing are effective methods for preventing disease transmission. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33460391 | The themes related to the COVID-19 infodemic were clustered into 8 categories: “conspiracy theories” (648/2745, 23.61%), “government response” (544/2745, 19.82%), “prevention action” (411/2745, 14.97%), “new cases” (365/2745, 13.30%), “transmission routes” (244/2745, 8.89%), “origin and nomenclature” (228/2745, 8.30%), “vaccines and medicines” (154/2745, 5.61%), and “symptoms and detection” (151/2745, 5.50%), which were prominently diverse at different stages. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33460674 | This article considers the case where the transmission rate of the disease as well as the efficiency of treatments is subject to uncertainty. | 2021-01-18 |
| 33461264 | Social isolation measures throughout the State of São Paulo have been gradually increasing since early March, an action that helped to slow down the emergence of the new confirmed cases, highlighting the importance of the safe-distancing measures in mitigating the local transmission within and between cities in the state. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33461564 | The COVID-19 pandemic has created urgent demand around the world for knowledge generation about a novel coronavirus, its transmission, and control, putting academic institutions at the frontline of politics. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33461573 | Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. […] The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. […] The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33461593 | Intrauterine, vertical, and breastmilk transmission were unlikely. […] Intrauterine and breastmilk transmission, and the passage of the virus from mother to baby during delivery are unlikely. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33461841 | We believe that the infection control policy and practice in the hospital and in the community are both important to prevent the disease transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462118 | Isolation/loneliness (48%) and anxiety/stress (27%) triggered sexual activity, and 73% had discussed COVID-19 transmission risks with their sexual partners. […] While 46% reported no change to emotions ordinarily experienced following sex, 20% reported guilt for breaching COVID-19 restrictions. 76% implemented one or more changes to their sexual behaviour, while 58% applied one or more steps to reduce COVID-19 transmission during sex. 36% accessed SHS and 30% reported difficulties in accessing testing/treatment. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462211 | With COVID-19 surging across the world, understanding the effectiveness of intervention strategies on transmission dynamics is of primary global health importance. […] Here, we develop and analyze an epidemiological compartmental model using multi-objective genetic algorithm design optimization to compare scenarios related to strategy type, the extent of social distancing, time window, and personal protection levels on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil. […] Our framework can be extended to model transmission dynamics for other countries, regions, states, cities, and organizations. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462320 | These results suggest that direct coronavirus transmission from bat to human is unlikely, and that rapid adaptation of a bat SARS-like coronavirus in different high-risk intermediate hosts could have allowed it to acquire distinct high binding potential between S protein and human-like ACE2 receptors. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462542 | Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols and surfaces has highlighted the need for efficient indoor disinfection methods. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462543 | Since people spend most of their time indoor, indoor aerosols are closer to human occupants than outdoors, thus favoring airborne transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462561 | The present study is mainly related to the airborne transmission of novel coronavirus through airway. […] There are sufficient probabilities or evidences proven for contagious virus transmission through polluted airborne-pathway in formed aerosol molecules. […] The pathways and sources of spread are detailed along with the best possible green control technologies or ideas to hinder further transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462564 | The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern’ due to their rapid transmission and causing public and health-care-related casualties worldwide. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462589 | To provide guidance for these decisions, we developed an agent-based network model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to assess the potential impact of strategies to reduce outbreaks. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33462908 | To evaluate perinatal outcomes regarding clinical presentation in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19. […] Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for neonatal throat swab samples. […] The vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 did not occur in our study. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463097 | The need to rapidly update guidelines in order to control the transmission in the population and for evidenced-based healthcare care has led to the need for timely, voluminous and valid research. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463113 | To obtain this goal, it is necessary that all pathophysiologic aspects of COVID-19 from infection to predisposing backgrounds of infection be identified, so that all the ambiguities of researchers regarding transmission mechanisms, variable clinical manifestation, and therapeutic response can be solved. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463411 | A total of 18 procedures (n=18, 1.8%) were postponed due to the high risk of possible transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463486 | Some patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Mobile Cabin Hospital who were re-positive with 2019-nCoV nucleic acid after discharge did not cause further transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463598 | The current pandemic of COVID-19 has made airway procedures like intubation and extubation, potential sources of virus transmission among health care workers. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463708 | The disease symptomatology is similar to the prevalent diseases in our environment, this could result in the delay in prompt identification and appropriate management of suspected cases toward combating community transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463731 | These findings reinforce the probable role of silent SARS-CoV-2 infections in community transmission, and that reliance on symptom development will miss a large proportion of infections. […] Broad testing programs not limited to individuals presenting with symptoms are critical for identifying persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection and ultimately slowing transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463732 | After identification of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Pudong on January 21, 2020, the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a case investigation involving isolation, close-contact (CC) tracing and quarantine of persons with a potential exposure risk to prevent and control transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33463923 | Introduction - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is considered to be highly contagious and restriction of transmission requires the utilization of protective equipment like surgical masks from both healthcare workers and public. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33464122 | A number of clinical trials are in process to study these interventions both for prevention of transmission, prophylaxis after exposure, and to diminish progression by reduction of viral load in the early stages of infection. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33464207 | The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for speed, acceleration, jerk, persistence, and weekly shifts, to better understand country risk for explosive growth and those countries who are managing the pandemic successfully. […] Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. […] We provide novel indicators to measure disease transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33464439 | Indeed, human-to-animal transmission has been reported in cats, dogs, tigers, lions, a puma and minks. […] Animal-to-human transmission is not a sustained pathway, although mink-to-human transmission remains to be elucidated. […] A One Health perspective must be implemented in order to develop epidemiological surveillance and establish disease control mechanisms to limit zoonotic transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33464914 | Although unique in its transmission and virulence, COVID-19 is similar to zoonotic diseases, including other SARS variants (e.g., SARS-CoV) and MERS, in exhibiting severe flu-like symptoms and acute respiratory distress. […] Then, we summarized the characteristics of droplets/aerosols emitted by COVID-19 patients and how they aid in the transmission of the virus among people. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33465247 | Continued efforts are needed to address knowledge, attitudes, and practices to interrupt novel Coronavirus transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33465325 | Organ-to-organ transmission has not been ruled out, thereby raising the possibility of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple organ systems. […] Preliminary reports have also indicated the possibility of sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33465486 | COVID-19 transmission within a high-risk setting was quickly contained, and an explosive outbreak was prevented through a multi-agency public health response. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33465488 | Serologic testing provides better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and its transmission. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33465727 | We show through illustration of this case and literature review that SARS-Co-V-2 placentitis is an uncommon but readily recognisable complication of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection that may be a marker of potential vertical transmission and that may have the capacity to cause fetal compromise through a direct injurious effect on the placenta. | 2021-01-19 |
| 33466241 | Therefore, this paper discusses the potential transformation of industrial livestock farming and the production of animal products, particularly meat, to decrease the risks for transmission of novel human pathogens. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33466301 | Dental professionals have a major role in the fight against the spread and transmission of COVID-19. […] Most dentists were aware about the transmission, incubation time and main clinical symptoms of COVID-19. […] Almost 83% of the respondents appreciate the risk of droplets, aerosols and airborne particles in transmission of COVID-19 in the dental clinic. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33466921 | Here, I dissect in detail the various domains of SARS-2-S and their functions discovered through a variety of different experimental and theoretical approaches to build a foundation for a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of how SARS-2-S works to achieve its function of mediating cell entry and subsequent cell-to-cell transmission. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33467714 | First, we estimate the unidentified infected cases of COVID-19 in South Korea using the SUC model, and compute two parameters such as the disease transmission rate and the inverse of the average time for confirming infected individuals. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33467929 | To reduce the potential transmission, countries throughout the world practiced social distancing. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33468277 | Measures to prevent transmission from staff to patients are warranted in psychiatric facilities. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33468406 | The results showed that 0.58 % of volunteers were deferred from blood donation to avoid transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33468694 | may help elucidate viral infection and transmission mechanisms, as well as treatment and prevention strategies for coronaviruses. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33468987 | The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major Public Health problem that is influenced by a number of factors. […] Recently it has been hypothesized that this transmission may be reduced during the summer due to the warm temperatures. […] This article reviewed the scientific evidence to date regarding the possible influence of environmental temperature and air pollution on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33469026 | By analyzing 346 whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we demonstrate the presence of seven viral lineages in Lombardy, frequently sustained by local transmission chains and at least two likely to have originated in Italy. […] The seven lineages, and the presence of local transmission clusters within three of them, revealed that sustained community transmission was underway before the first COVID-19 case had been detected in Lombardy. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33469546 | In this scenario, explaining or excluding the possible transmission routes is mandatory to contain and manage the spread of the disease in the community. […] The demand for further investigations to verify ocular involvement in COVID-19 infection came out from the results of recent meta-analysis studies, so the eye cannot be completely excluded as a transmission route of the infection. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33469869 | This can have unfavorable effects on the measures taken to control the transmission and management of COVID-19 infection. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33470072 | Testing is still crucial for rapid detection of infected persons, implementation of appropriate measures to suppress further virus transmission and mitigate its impact. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33470077 | This review describes the source of origin, transmission, and pathogenicity of these viruses. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33471243 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may influence HIV/HCV transmission risk behaviors in rural communities. […] Rapid implementation of policy and practice changes are urgently required to improve SSP access, reinforce safer use, and prevent HIV/HCV and COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33471777 | In addition, by preventing unnecessary hospital returns and providing information on household SARS-CoV-2 transmission as early as possible, this cohort will help with effective disease management in resource-limited settings. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33471811 | To slow the transmission of COVID-19, countries around the world have implemented social distancing and stay-at-home policies-potentially leading people to rely more on household members for their sense of closeness and belonging. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33471859 | We conducted comparative analysis of publicly available whole-genome sequences of 64 SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Bangladesh and 371 isolates from another 27 countries to predict possible transmission routes of COVID19 to Bangladesh and genomic variations among the viruses. | 2021-01-20 |
| 33472432 | School-aged children appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults, yet schools may drive community transmission of the virus. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33472638 | Lockdowns can be an effective pandemic response strategy that can buy much needed time to slow disease transmission and adequately scale up preventative, diagnostic, and treatment capacities. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33472696 | Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33472904 | The large-scale sustained person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has led to many mutational events, some of which may affect the sensitivity and specificity of available PCR assays (2). | 2021-01-21 |
| 33473223 | Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33474518 | Various theoretical and empirical approaches have been designed and used to gain insight into the transmission dynamics and control of the pandemic. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33474553 | Majority of respondents pointed to aerosol (98.5%), saliva (90.6%) and mucosal contact (71.4%) as the transmission routes of COVID-19. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33474554 | From December 12, 2019, a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome, the novel human coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by a novel β-coronavirus (2019- nCoV) began to grow globally by person-to-person transmission. […] The production of airborne material during aerosol generating dental procedures would expose dental team and patients to remarkable risk of transmission concerning the faceto- face communication and splattered saliva, blood, and other body fluids. […] Dental professionals can be a substantial help in preventing the transmission of COVID-19. […] This study has reviewed relevant current evidences in literature that has addressed the role of saliva and the threats that may be inherent in transmission of the disease during dental procedures. […] The study also offers feasible proactive and preventive measures for dental practice during the outbreak to block possible person-toperson or indirect transmission in dental settings. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33474555 | However, in order to enable continuation of necessary and qualified care, dental processes need to follow specific infection control strategies in order to prevent transmission of emerging pandemic risks following COVID-19. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33475037 | Our aim was to assess the virus’s persistence and the possibility of transmission in the post-mortem phase including autopsy staff. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33475513 | Public health surveillance is necessary to inform policy and guide leaders; however, existing surveillance explains past transmissions while obscuring shifts in the pandemic, increases in infection rates, and the persistence of the transmission of COVID-19. […] The goal of this study is to provide enhanced surveillance metrics for SARS-CoV-2 transmission that account for weekly shifts in the pandemic, including speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence, to better understand the risk of explosive growth in each country and which countries are managing the pandemic successfully. […] COVID-19 transmission rates were tracked for the weeks of September 30 to October 6 and October 7-13, 2020, in Central Asia. […] Policy makers need to know the magnitude of transmission rates, how quickly they are accelerating, and how previous cases are impacting current caseload due to a lag effect. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33475692 | The risk of COVID-19 infection via corneal transplant is low even in donors with SARS-CoV-2 viremia, but further research is necessary to assess the rate of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via corneal transplant. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33475757 | Among 1055 individuals (79%) who reported needing care, 544 (52%) reported forgoing care for any reason, 307 (29%) forwent care owing to fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, and 75 (7%) forwent care owing to financial concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. […] Respondents who were unemployed, compared with those who were employed, forwent care more often (121 of 186 respondents [65%] vs 251 of 503 respondents [50%]; P = .01) and were more likely to attribute forgone care to fear of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (78 of 186 respondents [42%] vs 120 of 503 respondents [24%]; P = .002) and financial concerns (36 of 186 respondents [20%] vs 28 of 503 respondents [6%]; P = .001). | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476063 | The clinical severity, rapid transmission and human losses due to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have led the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476218 | As a public health response to control the pandemic, wearing homemade face coverings has been proven as a resort to protect both the wearer and others from droplets and aerosols transmission. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476314 | To reduce community transmission, which will support schools in operating more safely for in-person learning, communities and schools should fully implement and strictly adhere to recommended mitigation strategies, especially universal and proper masking, to reduce COVID-19 incidence. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476315 | Increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission might threaten strained health care resources, require extended and more rigorous implementation of public health strategies (4), and increase the percentage of population immunity required for pandemic control. […] Taking measures to reduce transmission now can lessen the potential impact of B.1.1.7 and allow critical time to increase vaccination coverage. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476316 | The faster turnaround time of the antigen test can help limit transmission by more rapidly identifying infectious persons for isolation, particularly when used as a component of serial testing strategies. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476317 | Incomplete identification of contacts affects the ability to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476567 | We used a statistical transmission model to estimate household secondary attack rates and to quantify risk factors associated with infectivity and susceptibility to infection, accounting for individual-level exposure history. […] The secondary attack rate estimated with the transmission model was 15·6% (95% CI 15·2-16·0), assuming a mean incubation period of 5 days and a maximum infectious period of 22 days. […] These findings have implications for devising interventions for blocking household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, such as timely vaccination of eligible children once resources become available. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476630 | Various epidemiological, statistical, and laboratory-based studies have shown that the role of temperature and other environmental factors has important influence in the transmission of coronaviruses. […] Scientific research is needed to answer the questions about the spread and transmission of the infection, whether people could be avoided from being infected with COVID-19 in next summer. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476695 | The suspected interspecies transmission of SARSr-CoVs from bats to humans has caused two severe CoV pandemics, the SARS pandemic in 2003 and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. […] The receptor utilization of SARSr-CoV plays the key role in determining the host range and the interspecies transmission ability of the virus. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476760 | This review summarizes the ongoing clinical trials using pharmacological strategies, including vaccines, as prophylaxis to avoid SARS-CoV-2 infection or limit its transmission, and as early treatment of COVID-19 to prevent severe clinical outcomes. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33476975 | The evaluation of Ct value and viral load in COVID-19 patients may help in further reducing the transmission of the virus in the community. | 2021-01-21 |
| 33477576 | For this purpose, we consider a spatio-temporal multivariate time series model under a hierarchical framework, which is especially suitable for envisioning the virus transmission tendency across a geographic area over time. […] Furthermore, our results from transmission tendency analysis suggest that the community-level transmission has been relatively mitigated in the USA, and the daily confirmed cases within a state are predominated by the earlier daily confirmed cases within that state compared to other factors, which implies that states such as Texas, California, and Florida with a large number of confirmed cases still need strategies like stay-at-home orders to prevent another outbreak. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33477885 | About one-third of the nonsynonymous intra-host variants were shared among the samples, suggesting host-to-host transmission. […] A greater effort must be made to determine the magnitude of the genetic bottleneck during transmission and the epidemiological and/or evolutionary factors that may play a role in the changes in the diversity of quasispecies over time. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33477946 | Perinatal results are favorable in the majority of countries, with very low rates of vertical transmission in the majority of works. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33477951 | We observed that the overall incidence of ILI cases during 2019-2020 influenza season was considerably higher than previous years and was gradually replaced with SARS-CoV-2, which indicated a silent transmission among ambulatory patients. […] Sequencing of representative isolates confirmed independent introductions and silent transmission earlier than previously thought. […] In conclusion, assessment of the community transmission among patients with mild COVID-19 illness, particularly those without epidemiological link for acquiring the virus, is of utmost importance to guide policy makers to optimize public health interventions. […] The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ILI cases shows the importance of ILI surveillance systems and warrants its further strengthening to mitigate the ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33478170 | Better compliance with the recommendations in the future is necessary to increase personal safety of HCW and prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33478622 | Therefore, preventive measures such as rapid isolation of cases and identification and early quarantine of cases’ close contacts-as well as masks, physical distancing, hand hygiene, surface disinfection and air control-are crucial to reduce the risk of transmission. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33479079 | The observations of this study may be beneficial in preventing transmission of infection to families of healthcare professionals and are important to implement in the case of a second wave of COVID-19. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33479118 | A highly effective transmission-blocking vaccine prioritized to adults ages 20-49 years minimized cumulative incidence, but mortality and years of life lost were minimized in most scenarios when the vaccine was prioritized to adults over 60 years old. […] While maximum impact prioritization strategies were broadly consistent across countries, transmission rates, vaccination rollout speeds, and estimates of naturally acquired immunity, this framework can be used to compare impacts of prioritization strategies across contexts. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33479359 | On the basis of the infection curve, I classify the outbreak of COVID-19 into five types and show that these differences can be related to the relative magnitude of the transmission coefficient and the quarantine rate of infected individuals. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33479958 | Telemedicine has become a privileged mode of medical practice providing medical care while reducing the transmission of Covid-19 among patients, families, and clinicians. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33480020 | Viral particles and RNA detection in stool of infected patients has raised the potential for feco-oral transmission of the virus. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33480021 | Industries have made claims on the effectiveness of a disinfection procedure in reducing COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33480246 | Such a coating could be used on common touch surfaces (e.g., door handles and railings) to reduce both disease transmission and fear of touching objects. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33480506 | The current world- wide pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus showed many gaps in understanding of coronaviruses spread and transmission. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33480553 | This report documents the first known natural transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to nondomestic felids. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481642 | Control strategies for COVID-19 should be altered, taking into account the prevalence and transmission risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481738 | The transmission occurs mainly during the summer but it can extend to autumn months in warm climates. […] In our country, this year the seasonal transmission o f dengue overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus responsible of serious respiratory conditions with eventual fatal outcomes. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481752 | While the government attempts to mitigate the rate of virus transmission, certain key factors inadvertently augment the negative impact of the pandemic on the mental health and general well-being of BAME communities. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481757 | The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for speed, acceleration, jerk and persistence, and weekly shifts, to better understand and manage risk in metropolitan areas. […] Existing surveillance measures coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until, and after, an effective vaccine is developed. […] Here, we provide values for novel indicators to measure COVID-19 transmission at the metropolitan area level. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481773 | Efforts to suppress transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK have seen non-pharmaceutical interventions being invoked. […] We present a deterministic, age-structured transmission model that uses real-time data on confirmed cases requiring hospital care and mortality to provide up-to-date predictions on epidemic spread in ten regions of the UK. […] The model captures a range of age-dependent heterogeneities, reduced transmission from asymptomatic infections and produces a good fit to the key epidemic features over time. […] With regard to future epidemic outcomes, we investigated the impact of reducing compliance, ongoing shielding of elder age groups, reapplying stringent social distancing measures using region based triggers and the role of asymptomatic transmission. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481804 | Here, we estimate the reproduction number throughout the epidemic in Chile and study the effectiveness of control interventions especially the effectiveness of lockdowns by conducting short-term forecasts based on the early transmission dynamics of COVID-19. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33481807 | The deployment and implementation of the interventions highlight the potential of collaboration between HF, ethnography, and IPC experts to support frontline healthcare delivery under pandemic conditions in an effort to minimize nosocomial transmission potential in the acute healthcare setting. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33482181 | The latest pandemic, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is associated with high prevalence and easy transmission, which is expanding globally with no conventional treatment or vaccine. | 2021-01-22 |
| 33482757 | Other samples (faeces, urine, serum, amniotic fluid, cord and peripheral blood, placenta and breastmilk) will be collected in order to analyse whether or not there is a risk of vertical transmission and to describe the behaviour of the virus in other fluids. […] Neonates will be followed until 6 months after delivery to establish the rate of neonatal transmission. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33482887 | Due to the very unusual feeding behaviour of Ae. albopictus, we also evaluated the role of this mosquito in a potential mechanical transmission of the virus. […] For the mechanical transmission test, Ae. albopictus females were allowed to feed for a short time on a feeder containing infectious blood and then on a feeder containing virus-free blood. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33482902 | Vertical transmission from SARS CoV-2-infected women is uncommon and coronavirus has not been detected in amniotic fluid. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33482920 | Determining the role of fomites in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is essential in the hospital setting and will likely be important outside of medical facilities as governments around the world make plans to ease COVID-19 public health restrictions and attempt to safely reopen economies. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33483104 | With the rise of COVID-19 cases, societies recommended canceling all elective surgical procedures because of perioperative concerns, transmission risk, and the need to divert resources. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33483143 | In a context of community transmission, the absence of a known epidemiological antecedent should not be a contraindication for PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33483191 | The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the capacity of interventional radiology departments worldwide to effectively treat COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients while preventing disease transmission among patients and healthcare workers. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33483200 | The current criteria to establish the diagnosis are not specific and have overlapping features with EVALI, making the accurate diagnosis a clinical challenge during continued COVID-19 transmission within the community. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33483277 | We investigate the association between self-reported mask-wearing, physical distancing, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA, along with the effect of statewide mandates on mask uptake. […] A logistic model controlling for physical distancing, population demographics, and other variables found that a 10% increase in self-reported mask-wearing was associated with an increased odds of transmission control (odds ratio 3·53, 95% CI 2·03-6·43). […] We found that communities with high reported mask-wearing and physical distancing had the highest predicted probability of transmission control. […] The widespread reported use of face masks combined with physical distancing increases the odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission control. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33483321 | Given transmission risk and the latent incidence of infection in the general population, following the emergence of variant CJD; plus the recent hypothesis of a potential relationship between immune responses to COVID-19 and the acceleration of preclinical or evident neurodegenerative disease, there is a need for renewed interest in research in this field. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33484644 | In most countries, contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases are asked to quarantine for 14 days after exposure to limit asymptomatic onward transmission. […] We aimed to assess the merit of testing contacts to avert onward transmission and to replace or reduce the length of quarantine for uninfected contacts. […] We used an agent-based model to simulate the viral load dynamics of exposed contacts, and their potential for onward transmission in different quarantine and testing strategies. […] Assuming moderate levels of adherence to quarantine and self-isolation, self-isolation on symptom onset alone can prevent 37% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 12-56) of onward transmission potential from secondary cases. 14 days of post-exposure quarantine reduces transmission by 59% (95% UI 28-79). […] Testing might allow for a substantial reduction in the length of, or replacement of, quarantine with a small excess in transmission risk. […] Further research is required to empirically evaluate the potential costs (increased transmission risk, false reassurance) and benefits (reduction in the burden of quarantine, increased adherence) of such strategies before adoption as policy. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33484698 | For COVID-19 these are currently unknown for children, with unanswered questions also on children’s role in transmission of the virus, the extent to which the vaccine will reduce transmission, and the expected benefit (if any) to the child. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33484722 | Furthermore, exposure to air pollution can increase human sensitivity to respiratory pathogens via damage to the respiratory tract or via airborne transmission on the surface of particulate matter, and might be an additional factor influencing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33484782 | Aerosols from these procedures may be inhaled by bystanders and there are consequent concerns regarding infection transmission, or, specific to nebulised therapy, secondary drug exposure. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33484843 | Reports suggest that asymptomatic individuals (those with no symptoms at all throughout infection) with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are infectious, but the extent of transmission based on symptom status requires further study. […] Other activities associated with transmission were group activities such as sharing meals or playing board games with the index case, regardless of the disease status of the index case. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33484863 | Cumulative infections increased nationally by a similar rate, suggesting HCW infections reflect community not nosocomial transmission. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33485215 | Despite efforts to limit the viral transmission, the vaccine is the only solution to ending the pandemic. | 2021-01-23 |
| 33485605 | The unabated transmission is due to lack of drugs, vaccines and therapeutics against this viral outbreak. […] Towards this effort, the present review discusses the vital concepts related to COVID-19, in terms of its origin, transmission, clinical aspects and diagnosis. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33485676 | Patients not suspected of having COVID-19 as well as asymptomatic HCW may be a relevant source for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33485824 | I know has studied the role of children in intrafamily contagion and the sensitivity of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an area with low community transmission. […] Children had a reduced role in the intrafamily transmission. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33485924 | With healthcare shifting to the outpatient setting, this study examined whether outpatient clinics operating in business occupancy settings were conducting procedures in rooms with ventilation rates above, at, or below thresholds defined in the American National Standards Institute/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers/American Society for Health Care Engineering Standard 170 for Ventilation in Health Care Facilities and whether lower ventilation rates and building characteristics increase the risk of disease transmission. […] Building characteristics were evaluated as determinants of ventilation rates, and risk of disease transmission was estimated using the Gammaitoni-Nucci model. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33486014 | The COVID-19 risk level in Taiwan was raised to “moderate-to-high” in mid-January 2020 when neighboring countries had reported cases and the human-to-human transmission became obvious. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33486212 | As result of global efforts some advances have been reached and we are more prepared today than we were at the beginning of the pandemic, however not enough to stop the transmission, and many questions remain unanswered. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33486527 | We aim to develop a hybrid model for earlier and more accurate predictions for the number of infected cases in pandemics by (1) using patients’ claims data from different counties and states that capture local disease status and medical resource utilization; (2) utilizing demographic similarity and geographical proximity between locations; and (3) integrating pandemic transmission dynamics into a deep learning model. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33486690 | In recent years an increasing number of infections and human-to-human transmission is creating a distressing situation. […] Our understandings of hantavirus related pandemics and syndrome are limited, the contributing environmental factors, the cellular and viral dynamics in transmission from natural reservoirs to humans and finally, the virology in humans is quite intricate. | 2021-01-24 |
| 33487012 | Nosocomial transmission may have accounted for approximately half of all cases during the first wave of the pandemic. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33487174 | The primary mean of transmission is inhalation with a predilection for respiratory system involvement, especially in the distal airways. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33487210 | Understanding the extent of aerosol-based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for tailoring interventions for control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. […] Further studies on aerosol-based transmission and control of SARS-CoV-2 are needed. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33487397 | Furthermore, we define a Transmission Index (TI) as a ratio between the instantaneous and the maximum value of the effective reproduction number. […] The value of TI indicates the “effectiveness” of the disease transmission from a contact between a susceptible and an infectious individual in the presence of current measures, such as physical distancing and lock-down, relative to a normal condition. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33487900 | Intra-group analysis with respect to age, sex, qualification, and socioeconomic status showed that knowledge about mode of transmission by airborne aerosols was significantly low with respect to qualification among GPPs while younger age group (<40 years) HCWs had significantly more knowledge about mode of transmission and asymptomatic carriers. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33487902 | The implementation of safety measures during airway management is a major concern to prevent COVID-19 transmission during pandemic. […] About 75% of the participants became aware of transmission through aerosols aftermath pandemic. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33489103 | The transmission chain was confirmed from infant to adults (her father, mother and grandmother). […] SARS-CoV-2 has strong transmissibility within family settings and presence of viral RNA in stool raises concern for possible fecal-oral transmission. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33489282 | Using statistical criteria, we select the model with non-local transmission corresponding to a diffusion on the graph of counties that depends on the geographic proximity, with time-dependent contact rate and spatially constant parameters. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33489292 | Respiratory droplets are the primary transmission route for SARS-CoV-2, a principle which drives social distancing guidelines. […] Evidence suggests that virus transmission can be reduced by face coverings, but robust evidence for how mask usage might affect safe distancing parameters is lacking. […] If the aerosol transmission is later determined to be a significant driver of infection, then our findings may overestimate the effectiveness of face coverings. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33489297 | The last part of the paper is devoted to some numerical algorithms to fit a daily piecewise constant rate of transmission. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33489449 | TaibUVID nutritional supplements are advisable as a natural, safe and effective prophylaxis to stop COVID-19 infectiousness, transmission and emergence of new cases. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33489624 | There is growing evidence that the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is capable of transmission through the eye. […] Furthermore, viral particles have been detected in conjunctival secretions of SARS-CoV-2 patients who present with conjunctivitis and is likely another mode of transmission. […] Additionally, to prevent ocular transmission, all healthcare workers should be immediately educated on the importance of eye protection. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33490016 | Easing currently implemented control measures in countries with weak or no damping in transmission could lead to an exponential rebound of COVID-19 spread. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33490020 | Practitioners in the construction industry are facing high probabilities of COVID-19 transmission, while their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are critical to the prevention of virus spread. […] The results revealed that: (1) although an overwhelming percentage of respondents had the correct knowledge about COVID-19, there were significant respondents (15% of all) who were unsure or wrong about the human-to-human transmission of the virus; (2) practitioners generally showed an optimistic attitude about winning the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and were satisfied with the governments’ contingency measures; (3) practitioners tended to actively take preventive measures, although checking body temperature, wearing face masks, and keeping safe social distance still needs to be reinforced. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33490198 | Therefore, we seek to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2, including its classification, origin, genomic structure, replication cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatments, prevention and vaccine options. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33490860 | Evidence collected during the current pandemic shows that the transmission rate of the virus is significantly reduced following implementation of intensive physical distancing measures. […] Adherence to these recommendations has been poorer than adherence to other key transmission reduction behaviours such as handwashing. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33490943 | These simple steps can benefit the investigation of infectious virus transmission in routine (water) monitoring settings and during viral outbreaks such as the current COVID-19 pandemic or endemic diseases like dengue fever. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33490971 | The COVID-19 pandemic has alarmed the world nations to impose strict curfews and emergencies to prevent the social transmission of the disease. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33491542 | : In spite of the low SARS-CoV-2 positive detection rate of tear samples from COVID-2019 patients, we cannot fully rule out the transmission by ocular surface. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33492003 | As community-transmission is likely to persist for many years, recognition and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will need to be incorporated into CAP guidelines moving forward. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33492656 | Among these 37 cases, drink sharing was frequently identified as a modifiable mode of possible transmission. […] To empower individuals to decrease COVID-19 transmission using a harm reduction approach, we provided disposable paper cups to service providers for distribution to clients. […] Disposable cups are a novel, rapidly implementable, low-cost harm reduction tool to empower people experiencing homelessness to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission due to drink sharing, ideally as part of a larger harm reduction and community education strategy. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33493226 | A significant proportion of participants know the cause, route of transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods of COVID-19 virus. […] A significant proportion of waiters know common symptoms of COVID 19, route of transmission, and its prevention methods. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33493409 | As part of the effort to control transmission in the United States, many businesses either closed or instituted nonpharmaceutical control measures and allowed only essential workers on-site. […] During summer and fall of 2020, employers began formulating “return to work” strategies designed to mitigate the risk of transmission among employees. […] On a population level, several countries implemented national testing and surveillance strategies that proved effective in mitigating citizen-to-citizen transmission and contributed to suppressing COVID-19. […] The authors describe an approach that multisite employers might use to help mitigate transmission of COVID-19 in the workplace. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33493525 | This guidance provides clear, concise strategies for identifying coronaviruses by transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of tissues or infected tissue cultures. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33493922 | The transmission of COVID-19 in comparison to SARS was more specific. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33493923 | However, her seventeen close contacts who were quarantined and under observation remained negative indicating no viable chain of transmission despite high-risk contact. […] We further discuss the importance of effective contact tracing coupled with strict isolation or quarantine in breaking the chain of transmission. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33493945 | Pregnant women represent a risk category for increased abortion rates and vertical transmission with adverse events on the newborns has been recently confirmed. | 2021-01-25 |
| 33494869 | Potential for COVID-19 spread through aerosols and droplets characterizes dentistry as having a high risk of experiencing viral transmission, with necessity for aerosol and droplet mitigation. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495284 | Evidence of potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from a commercial passenger flight inbound to Vietnam was reported. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495491 | Our results suggest that comprehensive contact tracing is instrumental not only to curtailing transmission but also to reducing case fatality rates. […] In addition, the combination of reduced transmission and more rapid recovery diminishes the burden on the healthcare system which in turn ensures that the resources remain available for individuals who do become infected. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495673 | It is believed that weather conditions such as temperature and humidity have effects on COVID-19 transmission. […] Large-scale satellite data was combined with these data with a regression analysis model to explore the effects of temperature and relative humidity on COVID-19 spreading, as well as the possible transmission risk by seasonal cycles. […] The result shows that temperature and relative humidity are negatively correlated with COVID-19 transmission throughout the world. […] Weather conditions are not the decisive factor in COVID-19 transmission, in that government intervention as well as public awareness, could contribute to the mitigation of the spreading of the virus. […] So, it deserves a dynamic government policy to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in winter. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495695 | With mounting evidence and notable cases of large clustered infections, airborne transmission via droplets and particles has been recently acknowledged as an effective mode of transmission for COVID-19. […] How droplets and aerosol particles disperse are being transported into the human breathing zone-the last few inches for airborne transmission to effectuate-remains a key question which has been widely overlooked. […] Here, we assessed the potential influences of the thermal plume on the transmission of COVID-19 and other airborne pathogens by reviewing the most pertinent evidence and analyzing key variables in the formation of thermal plume in indoor environments, e.g., ambient temperature, human posture and type of clothing. […] Our reviewed evidence and data indicate that the human thermal plume should facilitate the airborne transmission of COVID-19 in enclosed spaces by elevating small droplets and airborne particles into the breathing zone from lower regions and ascending respiratory droplets from the sources into the upper atmosphere. […] By drawing attention to aerosol transport dynamics in the human microenvironment, these insights may be useful for understanding COVID-19 transmission in enclosed spaces, especially those intended for public use. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495729 | The use of tracheostomy in ventilator dependent COVID-19 patients is novel because of the recent and rapid spread of this pandemic with risk of transmission of infection to healthcare workers. […] This case-series of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients indicates that percutaneous tracheostomy performed at bedside with careful precautions and limited modification of standard technique was effective in promoting weaning from mechanical ventilation with few complications and no transmission of COVID-19 infection to the procedural healthcare workers. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495752 | We conducted a Pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 when administered early after disease onset. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495766 | The observance of transmission preventive measures (TPM) was not associated with the psychological impact of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33495880 | Concerns regarding the aerosolized transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via SS have caused significant apprehension among surgeons related to the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) during the COVID19 pandemic. […] While a limited number of studies have previously demonstrated the presence of viral material in SS, no comprehensive systematic review exists on the subject of viral transmission in SS. […] MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for publications reporting the primary outcome of the presence of viral particles in SS and secondary outcomes of indices suggesting transmission of viable virus particles in SS producing clinically important infection. […] A meta-analysis was not complete due to methodologic heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting of outcomes of interest. 23 publications addressed the presence of viral components in SS, and 19 (83%) found the presence of viral particles in SS. 21 publications additionally studied the ability of SS to induce clinically relevant infection in host cells, with 9 (43%) demonstrating potential for viral transmission. […] Evidence exists for viral transmission via SS. […] However, HPV remains the only virus with documented transmission to humans via SS. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33496243 | The short mean generation interval and consequent high prevalence of presymptomatic transmission requires public health control measures to be responsive to these characteristics of the epidemic. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33496683 | The RNA genome of the emerging novel coronavirus is rapidly mutating, and its human-to-human transmission rate is increasing. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33497081 | This article reviews what is currently known about COVID-19, including transmission, epidemiology, immunologic responses, clinical manifestations, and disease management. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33497369 | Importantly, no evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was found in any newborns, suggesting that the placenta may be an effective maternal-neonatal barrier against the virus even in the presence of severe infection. […] Our observations suggest that severe placental damage induced by the virus may be detrimental for the neonate independently of vertical transmission. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33497404 | Colleges and universities across the country are struggling to develop strategies for effective control of COVID-19 transmission as students return to campus. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33497928 | Besides, this study highlights the COVID-19 spread, its evolutionary importance, taxonomy, genomic structure, transmission to humans, prevention, and treatment. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33497931 | The efficacy of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 critically depends on the availability of its receptor, ACE2, in the placenta. | 2021-01-26 |
| 33498439 | The COVID-19 pandemic prompted instruction at many veterinary schools to switch to an emergency remote teaching format to prevent viral transmission associated with in-person synchronous lectures. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33498679 | The prevention measures are mainly based on information on the virus transmission routes, its environmental stability, and persistence on commonly touched surfaces. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33498861 | Being a disease with droplet transmission has now assumed the proportion of a suspected airborne nature which, once proved, poses a Herculean task to control. […] Because of the wide distribution of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) receptors, known for its transmission, we envisage its multiorgan spread and extensive disease distribution. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33499228 | Moreover, as frequencies of ABO phenotypes are highly variable between populations or geographical areas, the ABO coefficient of variation, rather than the frequency of each individual phenotype is expected to determine impact of the ABO system on virus transmission. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33499580 | There was no evidence of vertical transmission of COVID-19 infection. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33499581 | There are various advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy that must be kept in mind in the COVID-19 era, such as early recovery and shorter hospital stay, which can greatly help to conserve valuable hospital resources, and reduced risk of spillage of blood and body fluids, which can help to reduce transmission risk; most importantly, the distances between surgeons and between surgeons and patients are greater. […] Certain precautionary measures can be taken to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission during laparoscopy. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33499798 | The disease subsequently spread rapidly, leading to a global pandemic.1 The predominant modes of transmission for COVID-19 are through direct or close contact with an infected person via respiratory droplets, or indirectly via contact with contaminated fomites.2 The median incubation period of COVID-19 is 5-6 days, ranging from 1 to 14 days.3,4 The infectious period remains uncertain; however, it is estimated to be from 48 hours before symptoms develop until two weeks after symptom onset.3,5 The predominant symptoms reported in COVID-19 cases are cough, sore throat, fatigue, runny nose and fever.6 The majority of cases recover from the disease without clinical intervention; however, approximately 20% of global cases result in more severe outcomes, such as shortness of breath and pneumonia, necessitating hospitalisation and the requirement of additional oxygen or ventilation.7,8 Severe or fatal outcomes are generally more common among elderly cases or those with comorbid conditions.8 A visual depiction of the severity spectrum of COVID-19, and of the data sources that we use in this report to measure aspects of severity, is provided in Figure 1. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500271 | There is no known evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through handling of COVID-19 victim remains. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500591 | Because of its contagious human-to-human transmission, it is an utmost global health emergency at present. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500682 | A collateral effect of these lockdowns may be a change to transmission dynamics of a wide range of infectious diseases that are all highly dependent on rates of contact between humans. […] With timing, duration and intensity of lockdowns varying country-to-country, the wave of lockdowns in 2020 present a unique opportunity to observe how changes in human contact rates, disease control and surveillance affect dengue virus transmission in a global natural experiment. […] We explore the theoretical basis for the impact of lockdowns on dengue transmission and surveillance then summarise the current evidence base from country reports. […] We find considerable variation in the intensity of dengue epidemics reported so far in 2020 with some countries experiencing historic low levels of transmission while others are seeing record outbreaks. […] Despite many studies warning of the risks of lockdown for dengue transmission, few empirically quantify the impact and issues such as the specific timing of the lockdowns and multi-annual cycles of dengue are not accounted for. […] Studying the impact of lockdowns on dengue transmission is important both in how we deal with the immediate COVID-19 and dengue crisis, but also over the coming years in the post-pandemic recovery period. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500689 | One possible mode of virus transmission is through surfaces in the healthcare settings. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500782 | Cough and sneeze droplets’ interactions with indoor air of a typical hospital clinic that could be majorly found in developing African countries were studied to investigate the effectiveness of existing guidelines/protocols being adopted in the control of the widespread coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission. […] The influences of indoor air velocity, the type, size distribution, residence time in air, and trajectory of the droplets, were all considered while interrogating the effectiveness of physical distancing measures, the use of face covers, cautionary activities of the general public, and the plausibility of community spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through airborne transmission. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500787 | Recent studies showed multiple (anthropo)zoonotic transmission events between humans and mink on these farms. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33500869 | The women infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a good evolution, vertical transmission of the virus did not occur, measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission were applied. […] Applying cesarean section as a method of birth did not influence vertical transmission. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501355 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in public health interventions such as physical distancing restrictions to limit the spread and transmission of the novel coronavirus, causing significant effects on the delivery of physical healthcare procedures worldwide. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501645 | Although nasopharyngeal swabs are the most commonly utilized samples for based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection, collecting these specimens requires healthcare workers and necessitates the use of personal protective equipment as it presents a nosocomial transmission risk. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501700 | The transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can occur through an airborne route, in addition to contaminated surfaces and objects. […] Additionally, high-touch public surfaces such as ATMs require further disinfection procedures to limit the transmission of the infection. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501887 | A topical example of this relationship is provided by reports of multiple gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the rapid transmission and increased risk of COVID-19 has been linked to poor air quality and high levels of particulate matter. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501911 | Transmission of the virus to healthcare workers has been a major concern, and the risk of infection is exceptionally high for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) because of their close contact with infected patients. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501952 | Routes of transmission remain to be fully understood. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501962 | Person-to-person transmission was at the heart of a hospital outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients in the pediatric dialysis unit at UHM. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33501967 | A time series analysis of 871 543 pediatric emergency visits revealed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and school closures were associated with a significant decrease in infectious diseases disseminated through airborne or fecal-oral transmission: common cold, gastroenteritis, bronchiolitis, and acute otitis. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33502000 | Reducing the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global priority. […] Contact tracing identifies people who were recently in contact with an infected individual, in order to isolate them and reduce further transmission. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33502002 | Secondary outcomes were other infectious disease transmission outcomes, healthcare utilisation, resource requirements and adverse effects if identified in studies assessing at least one primary outcome. […] Some of the included studies suggest that effects are likely to depend on factors such as the stage of the epidemic, the interconnectedness of countries, local measures undertaken to contain community transmission, and the extent of implementation and adherence. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33502003 | We rated the certainty of evidence for days to outbreak, transmission, cases missed and detected, diagnostic accuracy (i.e. true positives, false positives, true negatives, false negatives) using the GRADE approach. […] The second modelling study provides very low-certainty evidence that screening of healthcare workers in emergency departments using laboratory tests may reduce transmission to patients and other healthcare workers (assuming a transmission constant of 1.2 new infections per 10,000 people, weekly screening reduced infections by 5.1% within 30 days). […] Given the poor sensitivity of existing approaches, our findings point to the need for greater emphasis on other ways that may prevent transmission such as face coverings, physical distancing, quarantine, and adequate personal protective equipment for frontline workers. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33502589 | Recently, the number of elective surgeries is gradually recovering from the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, and hence, safe clinical practice and protocols to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission to medical staff should be established. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33503139 | In the healthcare system, especially in the operating rooms, the viability of laparoscopic surgery was questioned, mostly because of the transmission through aerosol. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33503696 | Although there were a few cases who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after recovery, no evidence was found to indicate these cases can cause the transmission. | 2021-01-27 |
| 33504302 | The collective information about the different aspects of COVID-19 viral infection has gathered from renowned journals, and electronic databases including Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed from 1990 to 2020 The current manuscript has highlighted transmission and symptoms. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504318 | The transmission of the virus and a probable post-pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 will depend on how deep we can understand this disease, the duration of immunity and the degree of cross immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens either bacteria or fungi. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504336 | Here, we present the transmission dynamics in Germany over time to understand the effect of NPIs and allow adaptive forecasts of the epidemic progression. […] We show that real-time monitoring of transmission dynamics is important to evaluate the extent of the outbreak, short-term projections for the burden on the healthcare system, and their response to policy changes. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504339 | Our results can be used readily if local transmission occurs in Taiwan after relaxation of border control, providing important insights into future disease surveillance and policies for travel restrictions. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504347 | In addition to these measures, the introduction of mandated quarantine for travellers to Australia was integral to the successful containment of COVID-19 in NSW and Australia through the prevention of transmission locally and interstate from returning travellers. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504350 | The risk of COVID-19 transmission to healthcare professionals is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504366 | Futile resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 era can lead to risk of disease transmission and unnecessary transport. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504372 | To better understand COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers (HCW), we investigated occupational and non-occupational risk factors associated with cumulative COVID-19 incidence among a Massachusetts HCW cohort. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504571 | The occupational/organisational importance of reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, especially where infected young adults may be asymptomatic, presymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, is also discussed. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33504615 | Streamlining our service significantly reduced patient footfall and hospital admission while preventing intra-hospital viral transmission. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33505649 | These reports primarily relate to urban areas with widespread community transmission. […] The impact of COVID-19 on nonurban areas with minimal community transmission is less well understood. […] These results suggest that even in a nonurban location without widespread community transmission, patients may be delaying or avoiding care for severe illnesses such as stroke. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506064 | This suggests that the effectiveness of clinical services in detecting, treating, and preventing onward transmission of important symptomatic conditions is being mainly preserved despite large falls in absolute numbers of attendees. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506086 | In order to keep track of sustained disease transmission due to resumption of economic activities, a close monitoring of disease transmissibility is recommended in the relaxation phase. […] The report of transmission of SARS CoV-2 to pets in Hong Kong and to mink in farm outbreaks highlight for the control of COVID-19 and emerging infectious disease, the One Health approach is critical in understanding and accounting for how human, animals and environment health are intricately connected. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506114 | However, D614G might change the viral conformational plasticity and hence a potential viral fitness gain but one must be cautious about drawing any concrete conclusions about the severity of symptoms and viral transmission from genomic data only. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506152 | We propose a mathematical model to investigate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. […] The model incorporates both human-to-human and environment-to-human transmission pathways, and employs different transmission rates to represent the epidemiological characteristics at different time periods. […] Our data fitting and simulation results show that the environment may play an important role in the transmission and spread of the coronavirus. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506254 | To explore the transmission advantage, we estimate that the N501Y substitution increases the infectivity by 52% (95%CI: 46, 58) in terms of the reproduction number. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506256 | Previous research has shown that rooms of patients with COVID-19 present the potential for healthcare-associated transmission through aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506638 | This global pandemic has mandated dramatic changes in healthcare delivery with a particular focus on social distancing in order to reduce viral transmission. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506644 | Sequencing data showed multiple independent viral introductions into the UAE from Europe, Iran, and Asia (29 January-18 March) and these early strains seeded significant clustering consistent with almost exclusive community-based transmission between April and June 2020. […] Our findings provide evidence for continued community-based transmission of the European strains in the Dubai population and highlight new mutations that might be associated with severe disease in otherwise healthy adults. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33506685 | Air pollution also contributes to comorbidities that are known to worsen outcomes among those infected with COVID-19, and air pollution may also enhance infection transmission due to its impact on more frequent coughing. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507235 | Prolonged transmission from immunosuppressed patients is possible. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507239 | Air pollution also contributes to co-morbidities that are known to worsen outcomes amongst those infected with COVID-19, and air pollution may also enhance infection transmission due to its impact on more frequent coughing. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507308 | The global COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to indirectly impact the transmission dynamics and prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507662 | Whereas the presence of the virus in the conjunctiva is proven, its transmission through the conjunctiva is still discussed. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507889 | Midseason, transmission was observed in persons who had cumulative interactions of <15 minutes’ duration, leading to a revised definition of high-risk contacts that required consideration of mask use, setting and room ventilation in addition to proximity and duration of interaction. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507890 | Current evidence suggests that transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) schools might not significantly contribute to COVID-19 spread nationwide (3). […] During the study period, widespread community transmission was observed, with 7%-40% of COVID-19 tests having positive results. […] Among the 191 cases identified in students and staff members, one in 20 cases among students was linked to in-school transmission; no infections among staff members were found to have been acquired at school. […] These findings suggest that, with proper mitigation strategies, K-12 schools might be capable of opening for in-person learning with minimal in-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507894 | In August 2020, an Indiana university with approximately 12,000 students (including 8,000 undergraduate students, 85% of whom lived on campus) implemented various public health measures to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507941 | To better understand the epidemiology and relative effects of COVID-19 among hospitalized Hispanic patients, we compared individual and census-tract level characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 to those diagnosed with influenza, another viral infection with respiratory transmission. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33507981 | Our study was conducted during a period of 5 weeks at the peak of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile. […] Sequencing of viral genomes showed the predominance of the GR clade; however, sequence comparison demonstrated numerous genetic differences among them suggesting community infection as the main focus of transmission among HCWs. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508241 | SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global health crisis and mass vaccination programmes provide the best opportunity for controlling transmission and protecting populations. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508262 | The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among students and teachers in New York City public schools, the largest school system in the US. […] Classroom measurements conducted from December 2017 to September 2018 were used to estimate risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission using a modified Wells-Riley equation under a steady-state conditions and varying exposure scenarios (infectious student versus teacher, susceptible student versus teacher, with and without masks). […] We then used multivariable linear regression with GEE to identify school and classroom factors that impact transmission risk. […] The mean probability of transmission was generally low but varied by scenario (range: 0.0015-0.81). […] Transmission rates were higher during the heating season (beta=0.108, p=0.010), in schools in higher income neighborhoods (>80K versus 20K-40K beta=0.196, p<0.001) and newer buildings (<50 years beta=0.237, p=<0.001; 50-99 years beta=0.230, p=0.013 versus 100+ years) and lower in schools with mechanical ventilation (beta=0.141, p=0.057). […] Surprisingly, schools located in older buildings and lower-income neighborhoods had lower transmission probabilities, likely due to the greater outdoor airflow associated with an older, non-renovated buildings that allow air to leak in (i.e. drafty buildings). […] Despite the generally low risk of school-based transmission found in this study, with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence rising in New York City this risk will increase and additional mitigation steps should be implemented in schools now. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508281 | The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 shares the most common sequence with SARS-CoV, but it has a higher rate of transmission. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508592 | The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the rapid integration of telemedicine services across several specialties, especially in Otolaryngology where risk of transmission is very high. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508754 | Lastly, results from neonatal testing suggest a low risk of vertical transmission. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508856 | He experienced substantial gains in his function, mobility, and cognition during his in-hospital rehabilitation, which was guided by a facility-wide plan to prevent virus transmission. | 2021-01-28 |
| 33508995 | Patients with haematological malignancies and those who acquire nosocomial transmission are at increased risk of death. […] Therefore, there is an urgent need to reassess shielding advice, reinforce stringent infection control, and ensure regular patient and staff testing to prevent nosocomial transmission. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509030 | The findings identified 1) a lack of consistency in reporting which procedures were deemed an AGDP; 2) that high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and mechanical scalers were consistently considered high-risk AGDPs; 3) a lack of consensus on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission with the use of slow-speed handpieces; 4) a general agreement, when described, that rubber dam and high-volume evacuation can significantly reduce aerosol production; and 5) a lack of consistency in reporting whether procedures constitute a low, moderate, or high risk of COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509291 | Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509318 | These results demonstrate the importance of the household as a locus of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and the urgency of identifying effective interventions to reduce household transmission. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509342 | However, the recognised complexities of the evaluation of vaccines, plus the challenge of measuring opportunity costs in the face of an economic recession and the severity of the consequences of an outbreak even though the probability of transmission is exceedingly low, mean its use will be restricted. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509383 | The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in massive disruptions within health care, both directly as a result of the infectious disease outbreak, and indirectly because of public health measures to mitigate against transmission. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509422 | Aspirational districts have a higher magnitude of transmission and fatality. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509429 | It seems that earthquakes did not have an effect on disease transmission - the number of COVID-19 cases remained stable through the 14-day incubation period, with a linear pandemic curve in Croatia in April, and flattened in May. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509629 | One significant fear during the COVID-19 pandemic was the possibility of sexual transmission. […] Significant research has been conducted exploring viral shedding, tropism, sexual transmission, the impact of male reproductive hormones, and possible implications to semen quality. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33509933 | The observed safety of anaesthetists and intensivists and increased risk to those in other patient-facing roles has implications for transmission-based infection control precautions. […] This will both reduce their risk of contracting COVID-19, maintain services and reduce nosocomial transmission to vulnerable patients. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33510104 | The burden of disease among healthcare workers (HCW) has not been well studied despite reports of infectivity and transmission around the world. […] As such, we advocate distancing when working and usage of personal protective equipment when treating patients with respiratory illness to reduce transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33510171 | These introductions resulted in at least 9 distinct Russian lineages corresponding to domestic transmission. […] A notable transmission cluster corresponded to a nosocomial outbreak at the Vreden hospital in Saint Petersburg; phylodynamic analysis of this cluster reveals multiple (2-3) introductions each giving rise to a large number of cases, with a high initial effective reproduction number of 3.0 [1.9, 4.3]. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33510786 | In light of the evolving practice during the SARS CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic to minimize aerosol generation and infection transmission, smooth extubation is particularly important. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33511181 | Epidemiological investigation showed that the transmission chain was complete. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33511617 | A review of risk factors affecting airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was synthesised into an ‘easy-to-apply’ visual framework. […] Analysis of the factors effecting transmission risk indicated that cricket was likely to present a low risk, although this conclusion was somewhat arbitrary omitting a comparison with a non-cricketing activity. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33512021 | In conclusion, the present evolutionary analysis is relevant as the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the target for most therapeutic candidates; besides, changes in this protein could have consequences on viral transmission, response to antivirals and efficacy of vaccines. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33512941 | These findings indicate that personal protective equipment was effective at preventing transmission from patients. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513137 | Though it is difficult to trace back individual transmission of infections whose incubation periods are long and highly variable, estimating the average spreading rate is possible if a proper mathematical model can be devised to analyze daily event-occurrences. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513139 | Although the existence of a chronically infected population still remains largely hypothetical, we believe that our results provide tentative evidence to consider a chronically infected population as an alternative modeling approach to better interpret the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513332 | Transmission chains were mapped through patient history and knowledge of contact with prior cases. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513333 | Public health travel restrictions (PHTR) are crucial measures during communicable disease outbreaks to prevent transmission during commercial airline travel and mitigate cross-border importation and spread. […] The impact of PHTR on epidemic trajectory depends on the risk for transmission during travel and geographic spread of disease. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513382 | Our findings reinforce the hypothesis of airborne transmission of the new coronavirus, contributing to the planning of effective practices for pandemic control. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513500 | As the infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles are also present in human excretions, such a non-droplet transmission is also possible. […] Since there are many unanswered questions about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the research on this topic is still ongoing. […] This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the SARS-CoV-2 transmission and elucidate the viral survival in the environment, with particular emphasis on the possibility of non-droplet transmission. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33513637 | As a matter of fact, the initial impressions that the evolution of COVID-19 was no different between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and that SARS-CoV-2 was not vertically transmitted, are confronted by the documentation of worsening of the disease during pregnancy, poor obstetric outcomes, and the possibility of vertical transmission. | 2021-01-29 |
| 33514153 | Analyses of the cutoff frequency, sound power transmission coefficient, and sound wave propagation in the uniform lossless tube provide theoretical guidance for selecting the geometric parameters for this simple cylindrical stethoscope. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33514576 | Among the women recruited to the PAN-COVID registry, the study will evaluate the incidence of: (1) miscarriage and pregnancy loss, (2) fetal growth restriction and stillbirth, (3) preterm delivery, (4) vertical transmission (suspected or confirmed) and early onset neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.Data will be centre based and collected on individual women and their babies. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33515042 | Two onchocerciasis transmission models (EPIONCHO-IBM and ONCHOSIM) are used to simulate microfilarial prevalence trends, elimination probabilities and age profiles of Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial prevalence and intensity for different treatment histories and transmission settings, assuming no interruption, a 1-y (2020) interruption or a 2-y (2020-2021) interruption. […] In high-transmission settings with short treatment history, a 2-y interruption could lead to increased microfilarial load in children (EPIONCHO-IBM) and adults (ONCHOSIM). | 2021-01-30 |
| 33515252 | We developed an agent-based model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and parameterized it with US demographics and age-specific COVID-19 outcomes. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33515454 | We used three established LF transmission models to simulate infection trends in settings with annual treatment rounds and programme delays in 2020 of 6, 12, 18 or 24 months. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33515458 | Mass vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing amidst widespread transmission during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33516144 | The dental profession is considered at high potential risk of exposure and transmission of SARS-Cov-2. […] Thus, dentists should implement special safety measures in order to prevent any possible contamination during dental sessions and should be aware of the legal implications of their act in order to avoid malpractice leading them to be a causative agent of transmission of this virus. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33516162 | Transmission occurs by droplets, contact and aerosols. | 2021-01-30 |
| 33516247 | These results highlight the potential viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces, its ongoing mutational accumulation, and its possible role in fecal-oral transmission. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33516485 | During early February, spread of misinformation and rumors driven by the fear of linking chicken meat and eggs in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among human population is witnessed in India. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33516646 | Further studies to investigate the contribution of personal hygiene on conjunctiva transmission and self-inoculation is warranted. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33516798 | Human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol-infected surfaces are the major routes of virus spread. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33516986 | With rising concerns for a third, and possibly the largest, wave of individuals infected with the virus, national leaders are continuing to seek avenues by which we can further limit disease transmission and prevent infection with the use of vaccination. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33517118 | However, due to the lack of data on survival of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and its fate in aerosolized state, more research is needed to determine the importance of wastewater in transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33517329 | However, as human habitat expands and, in parallel, animal territory declines, new animal species can come into dangerous proximity, which may result in consequential transmission of microbes and different microbial behaviour in the new host. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33517367 | The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) halts the world economy and caused unbearable medical emergency due to high transmission rate and also no effective vaccine and drugs has been developed which brought the world pandemic situations. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33517438 | On March 10, 2020, the Italian Government ordered a national lockdown to limit the viral transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 infections. | 2021-01-31 |
| 33517914 | Viral outbreaks differ in many ways, such as the individuals most at risk e.g. pregnant women for Zika and the elderly for COVID-19, their vectors of transmission, their fatality rate, and their transmissibility often measured as basic reproduction number. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33517940 | To deal with this pressing issue, we developed a pandemic contingency plan with the aim to contain, decelerate and, preferably, avoid transmission of COVID-19 and to enable and maintain medical healthcare for patients with mental disorders. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33518378 | Air pollution also contributes to co-morbidities that are known to worsen outcomes amongst those infected with COVID-19, and air pollution may also enhance infection transmission due to its impact on more frequent coughing. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33518792 | Understanding the transmission phenomena of SARS-CoV-2 by virus-laden droplets and aerosols is of paramount importance for controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic. […] The numerical predictions may be used to determine the impact of the droplet size and the ambient conditions on the transmission risks of infectious diseases like COVID-19. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33518823 | Knowing the precise prevalence and contagiousness of asymptomatic transmission is critical to estimate the overall dimension and pandemic potential of COVID-19. […] Instead, managing community transmission through increasing population awareness, promoting physical distancing, and encouraging behavioral changes could become more relevant. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33518864 | Outcomes of the survey suggest that majority of the respondents are well aware of the disease outbreak, complications and its mode of transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519012 | This article focuses on factors responsible for transmission, prevention and in controlling the COVID-19 spread in Dharavi. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519041 | During disease transmission, the infectious droplet particle size varies widely, and the transmission risk varies significantly at different time nodes; therefore, the fuzzy term “aerosol” is not conducive to analyzing disease exposure risk. […] Recommendations for epidemic prevention and control strategies are: 1) Large droplets are the main conflict in disease transmission; thus, even if they are blocked by a homemade mask initially, it significantly contains the epidemic. […] 2) The early phase of contact, such as close-contact and short-range transmission, has the highest infection risk; therefore, social distancing can effectively keep the susceptible population from inhaling active viruses. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519043 | The occupant density in buildings is one of the major and overlooked parameters affecting the energy consumption and virus transmission risk in buildings. […] Studies on the transmission of COVID-19 virus have indicated a direct relationship between occupant density and COVID-19 infection risk. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519047 | The prevalence of correct knowledge was more than 80% (range 81.47-88.13) except 29.97% regarding transmission by food and water. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519086 | Measures taken to reduce the rate of transmission are too unprecedented, but are deemed necessary. […] To our knowledge, a review of possible additional measures for healthcare proffesionals, which includes the possible nutritional management COVID-19 pandemic does not yet exist.Key Findings and Conclusions: This review identifies i) changing trends in consumer awareness and purchasing patterns in response to COVID-19, and their potential future implications for the food and food-commerce industry ii) problematic elements of policy relevant to the outbreak of COVID-19, including the handling of wild-life and food-commerce, ii) newly emergent technologies in food science which represent viable and cost-effective means to reduce the risk of transmission of coronavirus, such as anti-microbial packaging, iii) important nutritional considerations with regard to coronavirus disease prevention and management, including nutrition in early infancy, and the role of select micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), phytochemicals and probiotics in conferring protection against both viral infection and pathogenicity. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519111 | In this article, we study the transmission of COVID-19 in the human population, notably between potential people and infected people of all age groups. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519112 | So, we propose to study an optimal control approach with delay in state and control variables in our mathematical model proposed by kouidere et al. which describes the dynamics of the transmission of the COVID-19. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519119 | To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first that propose a framework on the control of COVID-19 transmission based on a multi-age model with Caputo time-fractional derivative. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519129 | The passenger behavior is implemented in a field-validated stochastic cellular automata model, which is extended by a module to evaluate the transmission risk. […] Then, the improved seat allocation is used to derive an associated boarding sequence aiming at both short boarding times and low risk of virus transmission. […] Our results show that the consideration of groups will significantly contribute to a faster boarding (reduction of time by about 60%) and less transmission risk (reduced by 85%) compared to the standard random boarding procedures applied in the pandemic scenario. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519132 | There is a paucity of data on the management of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with Coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) amid concerns about the risk of transmission during endoscopic procedures. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519136 | 12.5% orthopaedic in-hospital viral transmission rate amongst orthopaedic patients despite the segregation measures taken, possibly due to asymptomatic health care workers or inpatients awaiting swab results. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519145 | Indonesia is one of the countries that is still fighting to control virus transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519249 | This work is part of a project on the development of a smart prefabricated sanitising chamber (SPSC) to provide extra measures against the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519273 | Questions regarding the potential risks of sexual transmission during intercourse and/or application of ART, vertical transmission (throughout pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding), the health of pregnant and postpartum women, and fetal or postnatal health problems of neonates/children remain largely unanswered. […] This review illustrates: a) scientific findings related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reproductive process, considering gender, hormonal balance, gonad functions, pregnancy, and ART, b) the sociosexual dimension of COVID-19 disease and precautions that should be taken to avoid infection via sexual transmission or vertical transmission, which may alleviate the fear associated with continuing normal social relationships and economic activities. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519293 | Secure updating and sharing for large amounts of healthcare information (such as medical data on coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) in efficient and secure transmission are important but challenging in communication channels amongst hospitals. […] Moreover, stego images with hash data and blockchain technology are used in updating and sharing medical COVID-19 data between hospitals in the network to improve the level of confidentiality and protect the integrity of medical COVID-19 data in grey-scale images, achieve data availability if any connection failure occurs in a single point of the network and eliminate the central point (third party) in the network during transmission. […] Thirdly, the transmission stage transfers the stego images based on blockchain technology and updates all nodes (hospitals) in the network. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519302 | figures were 5.18 for passengers (5-14 deck), mainly from the within-deck transmission, and 2.46 for crews (2-4 deck), mainly from the between-deck transmission. […] Modelling the dynamic of COVID-19 on the cruise ship not only provides an insight into timely evacuation and early isolation and quarantine but also elucidates the relative contributions of different transmission modes on the cruise ship though the deck-stratified SEIR model. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519950 | The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended in April 2020 that the public wear face coverings in areas with high rates of transmission based on epidemiological evidence on the strong relationship between mask wearing and pandemic control. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33519994 | Advance contact tracing and detection of the persons with the virus represents one of the main strategies to prevent transmission. […] This proposal is a model for an interactive computer system using mobile phones and the internet for real-time collection and transmission of events related to COVID-19. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520018 | Added with a comparative study that drives into the LSTM, SVR, RF regression which is processed by the RMSE transmission rate. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520075 | Although currently an effective vaccine is ready, its distribution is limited, and hence the only currently available lever to reduce transmission is to identify and isolate individuals who are contagious. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520222 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgeons should always be aware of the possibility of cross-transmission from the patient, since children are also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520330 | Here, we propose a new viral transmission route by focusing on the environmental media containing viruses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or RaTG3-related bat-borne coronavirus (Bat-CoV), which we term the “environmental quasi-host.” | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520334 | While many reviews have focused on the personal protective equipment (PPE) and preparation guidelines for surgery in the COVID-19 era, none have focused on the more creative and unusual solutions designed to limit viral transmission. […] Creative solutions such as application of topical viricidal agents, make-shift mask filters, three-dimensional (3-D) printable adapters for headlights, aerosol containing separation boxes, and a variety of new draping techniques have been developed to limit the risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] Thus, there is an increased need for solutions that mitigate the risk of viral transmission during office procedures and surgeries, especially given that most COVID-19 positive patients present asymptomatically. […] These solutions have a potential to minimize the risk of viral transmission in the current clinical environment and to create safer outpatient and operating room conditions for patients and healthcare staff. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520604 | The predictive values are comparable, and the procedure is performed without exposing healthcare workers to transmission risks. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520610 | As airborne transmission is an important mode of infectious respiratory disease transmission, mathematical models of airborne infection are needed to develop effective engineering control. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520615 | Here, the common SEIR model is generalized in order to show the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission taking into account the ABO blood group of the infected people. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520616 | The present paper describes a three compartment mathematical model to study the transmission of the current infection due to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or COVID-19). | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520618 | Finally, we present a debate about the followed simulation in characterizing how the transmission dynamics of infection can take place in society. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520619 | Optimal control analysis revealed that the optimal practice of combining all three (public health education, personal protective measure, and treating COVID-19 patients) intervention strategies or combination of any two of them leads to the required mitigation of transmission of the pandemic. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520629 | We illustrate the obtained numerical results in plots to show the COVID-19 transmission dynamics. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520641 | Meteorological parameters show a strong influence on disease transmission in urban localities. […] In addition, both temperature and wind speed have shown moderate positive influence on the transmission and survival of coronavirus during the study period. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520648 | The “oral-feces” transmission of COVID-19 is threat to environment. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520679 | As a result of this, hospital footfall required to be reduced due to increased risk of transmission of infection. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520680 | However, limitations of the resources, risk of disease transmission and redirection of medical attention to a more severe infective health problem during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period have affected the quality of care even in a surgical emergency. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520687 | Covid-19 has high ability of transmission from human to another human, and due to its fast spread globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that Covid-19 is pandemic disease on March 11, 2020. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520898 | Our preliminary data support low transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within schools, at least among younger students. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33520905 | To achieve this, two models are used to describe the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521016 | infection history may be susceptibility factors of SARS-CoV-2, and the mucosal protective agent may be useful for the blockade of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the stomach to the intestine. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521210 | The potential oral-fecal transmission of COVID-19 was supported by viral RNA and live virus detection in the feces of COVID-19 patients. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521319 | In case the international community does not reach a consensus on how to distribute the vaccine to achieve worldwide equitable access, we call for a distribution plan that includes the employees in international transportation industries and international travelers to halt the disease transmission and promote the recovery of the global economy. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521383 | Herein, we provide a review in terms of transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options in clinical trials of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), because readers need to update themselves regularly, and there is still much more to know about it. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521403 | The Re estimate using time-dependent (TD) method showed a gradual decline of the Effective Reproductive Number since March 12, 2020 when the first 2 index cases were recorded but the rate of transmission remains high (TD: Re = 2.52; 95% CI: [1.87-3.49]). […] Our results showed that enhanced government and individual-level interventions and the intensity of media coverage could have a substantial effect on suppressing transmission of new COVID-19 cases and reduced death rates in Ghana until such a time that a potent vaccine or drug is discovered. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521409 | Our model assumes that education on the disease transmission and prevention induce behavioral changes in individuals to imbibe good hygiene, thereby reducing the basic reproduction number and disease burden. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521411 | Moreover, the current status of knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 survival in and transmission from soil is reviewed. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521415 | Additionally, appropriate preparations and careful precautions need to be executed in burn units to prevent COVID-19 exposure and transmission to limit potential adverse outcomes. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521544 | Guidance must weigh the risk posed by transmission of SARS-CoV-2 against the protection that maternal proximity and breastfeeding provide infants. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521608 | The huge surge in COVID-19 cases in Karnataka state, India, during early phase of the pandemic especially following return of residents from other states and countries required investigation with respect to transmission dynamics, clinical status, demographics, comorbidities and mortality. […] Knowledge on the role of symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not available. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521610 | Considering short turnaround times, user friendliness, low costs and opportunities for decentralized testing, this test can improve our efforts to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521627 | Policies were mainly published during the community transmission phase. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521703 | Moreover, not only COVID-19 patients often present with GI symptoms (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain) and liver tests abnormalities, but there are also data showing active viral replication in the GI tract and possible fecal-oral transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521709 | A statistical estimator is presented that can provide estimates of seroprevalence in very low-transmission settings. […] This provides potential solutions to two pressing challenges for SARS-CoV-2 serological surveillance: classifying individuals who were infected more than 6 months ago and measuring seroprevalence in serological surveys in very low-transmission settings. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521734 | Viral load kinetics and duration of viral shedding are important determinants for disease transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521735 | : The implementation of social confinement measures to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has limited the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521744 | This result can be explained by a combination of UHC, rapid early testing and treatment, transmission-reducing behaviours, and regional preparedness. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521750 | However, proposals to reach the herd immunity threshold through naturally acquired infection, rather than vaccination, have complicated public health efforts and popularized policies that will lead to widespread transmission and mortality. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521764 | However, we have very limited information about the set of behavioral and ecological factors that promote viral spillover and the effects that has on ecosystem health and disease transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521765 | The COVID-19 outbreak has already become a global pandemic and containing this rapid worldwide transmission is of great challenge. […] The impacts of temperature and humidity on the COVID-19 transmission rate are still under discussion. […] The modeling results revealed that higher temperature was most strongly associated with decreased COVID-19 transmission at a lag time of 8 days. […] It suggests that the emphasis of other effective controlling polices should be strictly implemented to restrain COVID-19 transmission in cold seasons. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33521774 | Screening for viral carriage of asymptomatic staff in nursing homes can avoid contact and transmission to frequently severely vulnerable residents. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33522000 | As COVID-19 spread through the United States in March 2020, universities were forced to move to online learning to minimize COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33522164 | Specifically, the spike gene of the Korean CoVs, which is involved in host infection, differed from that of SARS-CoV-2, showing only 66.8%-67.0% nucleotide homology and presented deletions within the RBD, particularly within regions critical for cross-species transmission and that mediate interaction with ACE2. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33522327 | The biological scenarios including transmission characteristics can be constructed and translated into mathematical models, which can help to predict and gain a deeper understanding of diseases. […] Modeling could contribute to infectious disease control by means of predicting the scales of disease epidemics, indicating the characteristics of disease transmission, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions or policies, and warning or forecasting during the pre-outbreak of diseases. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33522708 | The present review is designed to provide existing information on the various aspects of the disease such as its clinicopathology, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures, and the potential role of wildlife in the further spread of disease. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33522974 | SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are lipid-enveloped viruses with differential morbidity and mortality but shared modes of transmission. […] Ecological consistency in COVID-19 trends seen to date with influenza trends suggest the potential for shared individual, structural, and environmental determinants of transmission. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33523333 | According to the COVID-19 risk assessment of transmission, 183 out of 235 tissue donors presented with a low risk level and 52 donors with an intermediate risk level of donor derived infection. […] Conclusion Regarding the seroprevalence among tissue donors, we concluded that the transmission probability to recipient via tissue products was very low at the beginning of the outbreak. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33523823 | The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the content and characteristics of TikTok videos that are related to an important aspect of community mitigation-the use of masks as a method for interrupting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33524979 | The current antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are only supportive, have limited efficacy, and the prevention in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus is the best hope for public health. | 2021-02-01 |
| 33525085 | Since the latent of this epidemic are also highly contagious, traditional infectious disease models cannot accurately describe the regularity of this epidemic transmission. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525087 | The three control strategies are shown to be important preventive measures to lower disease transmission rate. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525127 | In this paper, deterministic and stochastic models are proposed to study the transmission dynamics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525214 | In order to prevent or slow down the transmission of COVID-19, various public health measures have been introduced, including social distancing, environmental disinfection and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525232 | The pathogens represented by microorganisms (bacteria, mycetes or viruses) show their effect after days and are responsible for epidemics/pandemics as dangerous as the greater their possibility of transmission, especially by inhalation, and therefore their infectivity. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525234 | This study aimed at the identification of the settings linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the analysis of clusters and small outbreaks detected by the Lombardy Region surveillance system during the second epidemic wave. […] At the same time, they raise awareness on the risk of transmission among family members and during households social gatherings. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525238 | A systematic analysis was carried out using the keywords; “COVID 19 vertical transmission”, “SARS-CoV-2 pregnancy”, and “SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission”, and the cases suggestive of possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were studied in detail. […] The available evidences point at a possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525440 | During transmission, the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin-system (RAAS) is involved with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, attaching to its natural receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in host cells. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33525985 | From these case studies, we emphasized the adoption of a symptom-based approach for discontinuing transmission-based precautions over a test-based strategy to reduce the time spent by asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients in isolation. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33526033 | Health workers are crucial to the successful implementation of infection prevention and control strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at healthcare facilities. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33526158 | The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is notable for being highly contagious and potentially lethal and is mainly spread by droplet transmission. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33526352 | Transmission by asymptomatic carriers of the new variant is also unknown. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33527081 | Our longitudinal analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in different body samples, which may be associated with broad tropism and different spectra of clinical manifestations and modes of transmission. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33527122 | While the role of children in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains to be defined, children likely play an important role based on our knowledge of other respiratory viruses. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33527161 | Measures to overcome these challenges have been implemented in order to decrease the demand on blood products and to encourage blood donations while taking full precautions to minimize risk of COVID-19 transmission mainly at blood banks and medical centers. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33527510 | Given the rapid widespread transmission of the COVID-19 disease worldwide, a more comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of its features is needed to better inform nurses, clinicians and public health policy makers. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33527577 | It has become a general practice worldwide to wear a face mask serving as a barrier against the transmission of pathogens. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33528271 | The physicians and patients were asked to compare all domains with their previous standard laryngoscopic examination experience using a 10-point visual analog scale (0, poor performance; 10, good performance), including effectiveness of communication, difficulty of examination, perception of safety against airborne transmission of COVID-19, applicability of the unit for future examinations, perception of protective environment, and overall comfort. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33528945 | The rapid spread and increase in the number of new cases is due to person-to-person transmission. […] To further control its transmission, early laboratory diagnosis of both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients is crucial. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33529153 | The interval between subsequent posting times may have a different impact on the transmission and cross-propagation of the old and new information that results in a different peak value and a final size of forwarding users of the new information, depending on the content correlation and whether the new information is posted during the outbreak or quasi-steady-state phase of the old information. […] We developed and analyzed two classes of susceptible-forwarding-immune information propagation models with delay in transmission to describe the cross-propagation process of relevant information. […] The results of the parameter analysis showed that using different attractiveness indexes as the key parameters can control the information transmission with different release intervals, so it is considered as a key link in the design of an information communication strategy. […] Our model can carry out an accurate numerical simulation of information at different release intervals and achieve a dynamic evaluation of information transmission by constructing an indicator system so as to provide theoretical support and strategic suggestions for government decision making. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33529233 | Airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with SARS-CoV-2. […] Aside from African green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been investigated. […] The data indicate that, in addition to African green monkeys, macaques can be successfully infected by airborne SARS-CoV-2, providing viable macaque natural transmission models for medical countermeasure evaluation. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33529260 | Further, WGS phylogeny and travel history together indicate possible transmission from Middle East and Europe. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33529325 | The assessment of the relationship between the distance from an established outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection with transmission-linked cases and mortality observed in other sites could provide useful information to identify the optimal radius of red zones. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33529649 | The major routes of transmission for respiratory viruses - including coronaviruses - are via direct and indirect contacts. […] However, transmission through contaminated foods has not been extensively assessed. […] The present paper was aimed at reviewing scientific data on the transmission of respiratory viruses through potentially contaminated foods. […] While the current data seem to suggest that this route of transmission is not likely to occur, in order to increase the knowledge on this issue further investigations are still clearly necessary for a more complete prevention of the risks. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33530000 | However, transmission to close contacts was not observed indicating that persistent PCR positive individuals are not contagious at the post-symptomatic stage of the infection. | 2021-02-02 |
| 33530538 | Private workers and retired people, respondents receiving COVID-19 information through social media, and those who reported flu-like symptoms were less likely to adhere. 6% of respondents reported flu-like symptoms which aligned with the WHO clinical definition of COVID-19, suggesting low level community transmission. […] Whether the good preventive behaviour explains the low grade COVID-19 transmission requires further study. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33530563 | Both the SIR model integrated with unreported infection rates (SIRu) of fixed-time effect and SIRu with time-varying parameters (tvSIRu) were applied to estimate and compare the values of transmission rate (TR), UIR, and infection fatality rate (IFR) based on US county-level COVID-19 data. . | 2021-02-03 |
| 33530620 | The review examines the host range of SARS-CoV-2 and human-to-animal transmissions, including infections in domestic and non-domestic felids, as well as mink-to-human/-cat transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33530740 | The global pandemic which began in early 2020 has created a number of challenges for the medical community to contain the rate of transmission, especially to health care workers. […] There is an urgent need to explore and develop methods to maximize the safety of tracheostomy and other aerosol-generating procedures in order to reduce intraoperative transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33530857 | Since the additional complexity imposed by the strength and duration of transmission-blocking immunity is not yet clear, we use our framework to probe the impact of these uncertainties. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33531046 | Our evidence suggests that school does not act as an amplifier for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and can be really considered a safe place for students. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33531145 | Although aerosol transmission is possible, direct contact through large droplets is probably responsible for the vast majority of transmissions. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33531384 | Following initial declines, in mid 2020 a resurgence in transmission of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in the US and Europe. […] As COVID19 disease control efforts are re-intensified, understanding the age demographics driving transmission and how these affect the loosening of interventions is crucial. […] We estimate that as of October 2020, individuals aged 20-49 are the only age groups sustaining resurgent SARS-CoV-2 transmission with reproduction numbers well above one, and that at least 65 of 100 COVID-19 infections originate from individuals aged 20-49 in the US. […] Targeting interventions - including transmission-blocking vaccines - to adults aged 20-49 is an important consideration in halting resurgent epidemics and preventing COVID-19-attributable deaths. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33531719 | However, economic and epidemiological models of disease transmission abstract from prosocial motivations as a driver of behaviors that impact the health of others. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33531735 | Its route of transmission has caused a significant challenge in medical and dental healthcare. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33532069 | Surgical practice has faced widespread problems due to the pandemic including viral transmission risk and cross-infection, staffing problems, prioritizations of surgical procedures, and lack of beds due to occupancy of hospitals and ICU beds with COVID-19 patients. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33532177 | In this study, a compartmental epidemic model of COVID-19 is proposed and analyzed to predict the transmission dynamics of the disease in Ethiopia. […] Furthermore, we performed a sensitivity analysis of the basic reproductive number and found that reducing the rate of transmission is the most important factor in achieving disease control. […] In particular, the numerical simulation shows an increase in the rate of transmission leads to a significant increase in the infected individuals. […] The possible implication of this is that declining the rate of transmission to the desired level could enable us to combat the disease. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33532398 | Disease transmission was described based on calculated doubling time. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33532671 | Though the virus originated in China, it has spread rapidly across the world due its firmly established community transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33532709 | Furthermore, the phylogenomic analysis shows the presence of homoplasies and supports the hypothesis of transmission of minor variants. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533208 | The possible formation of population gene pools of zoonotic viruses with a respiratory route of transmission and a possibility of a pandemic at different stages of biosphere evolution is analyzed. […] Forming of Poxviruses (Entomopoxvirinae) gene pool could be the beginning of transformation from Plants to Arthropoda (Carbon - 375 million years ago) with further evolution connected with Rodentia (Pliocene - 75-70 million years ago) and further separation of genera (500-300 thousand years ago), and respiratory transmission (epidemics) between humans (10-2 thousand years BC). […] Orthomyxoviruses relicts (genus Isavirus) were possibly connected with Ichthya (Silurian - 500-410 million years ago), and then close interaction with Aves (the Cretaceous, 125-110 million years ago) with the division of genera and respiratory transmission (epidemics) between humans (10-2 thousand BC). […] Next pandemic of influenza A could be catastrophic in terms of the number of victims and economic damage.Coronaviruses formed a gene pool by interaction with Amphibia (subfamily Letovirinae) and then with Chiroptera in Tertiary (110-75 million years ago) with transformation to Artiodactyla (Eocene - 70-60 million years ago), and only 10-2 thousand years BC acquired the ability to a respiratory transmission and became Alphaviruses, a seasonal infection of humans. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533223 | It was found that the exponential growth in COVID-19 cases was prevented due to the most stringent control and restrictive measures deployed in Moscow to break the chains of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and due to people who were very disciplined in complying with the self-isolation rules. […] The epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 situation in Moscow showed certain patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 spread and helped evaluate the effectiveness of the epidemic prevention measures aimed at breaking the routes of transmission of the pathogen. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533250 | Transmission electron microscopy and computationally generated electron density maps of ϕ6 showed severe morphological damages to virus’ envelope and loss of capsid volume accompanying coagulation. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533404 | Findings highlight the need to protect survivors against COVID-19 transmission in health-care facilities and prioritize cancer patients, survivors, caregivers, and their health-care providers in vaccine allocation. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533805 | Most children and adolescents were male, with contamination by family transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533813 | A well-established test for COVID-19 policies, the adequate characterization of the level of interaction between residents and the healthcare provider team and the level of complexity of care are crucial to monitor and control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in these institutions. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533818 | We used different types of dynamic transmission models to measure the effects of social distancing interventions, based on local contact patterns. […] Specifically, we used a model that incorporated multiple transmission pathways and an environmental class that represented the pathogen concentration in the environmental reservoir and also considered the time that an individual may sustain a latent infection before becoming actively infectious. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533933 | Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) for outcomes specific to persons living with diagnosed HIV were assessed by age, sex, region, race/ethnicity, transmission risk, and CD4+ T-cell count-defined HIV disease stage, using Poisson regression models. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33533991 | There is a continuing need for clinicians to adapt practice to facilitate timely provision of medical care, whilst minimising horizontal transmission. […] There is no evidence to support a particular route of surgery, but recommendations are made to minimise COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534156 | Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Hierarchy of Controls as a model, this article presents risk mitigation strategies for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 in the perioperative environment. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534350 | Many hospitals suspended nursing students’ learning on-site due to concerns related to virus transmission and lack of clear guidance on safe and effective learning. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534753 | COVID-19 in healthcare workers (HCWs) can result in nosocomial transmission, depletion in available workforce, and enhanced community transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534765 | In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the blood, urine, facial/anal swabs, semen, and vaginal secretion, suggesting other potential means of transmission. […] However, little has been reported about SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, which may provide direct evidence on sexual transmission and fertility problems. […] Therefore, we focused this narrative review mainly on the distribution of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, providing an overview of the potential threat of COVID-19 to reproductive health and sexual transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534773 | Latrines are reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and it cannot be ruled out that latrines could contribute to viral transmission in rural settings. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534808 | Here we build a stochastic epidemic model to examine the effects of COVID-19 clinical progression and transmission network structure on the outcomes of social distancing interventions. […] We find that the strength of within-household transmission is a critical determinant of success, governing the timing and size of the epidemic peak, the rate of decline, individual risks of infection, and the success of partial relaxation measures. […] These findings can improve future predictions of the timescale and efficacy of interventions needed to control second waves of COVID-19 as well as other similar outbreaks, and highlight the need for better quantification and control of household transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534829 | Understanding mild to moderate symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is important in order to identify active cases early and thus counteract transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534857 | Thailand is among the top five countries with effective COVID-19 transmission control. […] Cross-border mobility analysis highlights potential for intervillage and intercountry disease transmission. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534939 | These skin injuries, ranging from lesions to open wounds are concerning because they increase the susceptibility of viral infection and transmission to other individuals. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33534949 | The collection, processing, and analysis of data is critical in providing a useful response-especially as information of fundamental importance to such decision making (base rates and transmission rates) is lacking. | 2021-02-03 |
| 33535520 | Clinicians should have a low threshold for testing for COVID-19 in older and frail patients during periods of community viral transmission, and diagnosis should prompt early advanced care planning. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33535932 | These changes have been aimed both to reallocate resources toward fighting the novel coronavirus and to prevent its transmission during nonurgent medical and surgical interventions. […] The effect of this infection on the immunosuppressed heart and lung transplant recipient is still questionable; however, there are limited reports suggesting that there is no increased risk of transmission or more severe disease course compared with that shown in the general population. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33535950 | Inter-human transmission studies have indicated a significant role of aerosols in the transmission of many respiratory viruses. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536223 | In contrast, for higher vaccine effectiveness, there is a switch to allocate vaccine to high-transmission (younger) age groups first for high vaccination coverage. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536312 | Analyzing only these successful model iterations quantifies the likely contributions of each defined mode of transmission. […] Mean estimates of the contributions of short-range, long-range, and fomite transmission modes to infected cases across the entire simulation period were 35%, 35%, and 30%, respectively. […] Our results demonstrate that aerosol inhalation was likely the dominant contributor to COVID-19 transmission among the passengers, even considering a conservative assumption of high ventilation rates and no air recirculation conditions for the cruise ship. […] Moreover, close-range and long-range transmission likely contributed similarly to disease progression aboard the ship, with fomite transmission playing a smaller role. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536316 | This suggests there is no increased risk of respiratory pathogen transmission by HFNC to health care workers. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536436 | While risks of hospitalisation and death were lower for younger populations, there is a need to limit their role in community transmission. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536572 | Our simplified protocol additionally enables the direct and efficient genotyping of selected, informative SARS-CoV-2 polymorphisms across the entire genome, which can be used for enhanced characterization of transmission chains at population scale and detection of viral clades with higher or lower virulence. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536800 | This study tries to identify common failure modes with its possible causes and effect to the health service and to plot actions to be implemented to reduce COVID-19 transmission to clients, staff, and subsequent service compromise from asymptomatic COVID-19 patients visiting the adult emergency department of SPHMMC (non-COVID-19 setup). […] Many of these failure modes (12 out of 22) were found in all steps of patient flow and were associated with either due to lack of or failure to apply standard and transmission-based precautions. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33536937 | Since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, most attention has focused on containing transmission and addressing the surge of critically ill patients in acute care settings. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33537362 | Strategies to reduce in-hospital transmission between HCWs and to safely manage infected HCWs are lacking. […] Active screening for SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs for early diagnosis and stopping in-hospital transmission chains proved efficacious in our institution, particularly due to the high percentage of asymptomatic HCWs. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33537803 | Since the mode of transmission and real origin of COVID‑19 in hospitals has not been fully elucidated yet, minimizing nosocomial infection in hospitals remains a difficult but urgent task for healthcare professionals. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33538019 | Estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was below 1%, indicating that community transmission was low during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in Sydney. […] These findings suggest that early control of the spread of COVID-19 was successful, but efforts to reduce further transmission remain important. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33538342 | We primarily quantified exposure patterns, transmission characteristics, and the clinical spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among household contacts of individuals with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). […] We determined the transmission frequency, range of manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and factors associated with infection in household settings. […] SARS-CoV-2 has a high frequency of transmission among household contacts. […] Nonhospitalized individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be quarantined in patient care facilities rather than at home to minimize spread, if possible, and frequent handwashing should be practiced to prevent transmission. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33539241 | Most of the resources have been directed towards reducing transmission in the hospital and clinical environment, but little is known about what community nurses can do to reduce the risk when they nurse people in their own homes? […] It ends with general advice about managing the risk of COVID-19 transmission with patients in their homes. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33539309 | A large proportion of respondents were abnormally/borderline anxious (HK:60.0%; UK:46.5%) and regarded direct contact with infected individuals as the transmission route of COVID-19 (HK:94.0-98.5%; UK:69.2-93.5%), with HK identifying additional routes. […] The impact of perceived severity and perceived ease of transmission on the adoption of social-distancing varied by setting. […] In HK, they had no impact, whereas in the UK, those who perceived severity as “high” were more likely to adopt social-distancing (aOR:1.58-3.01), and those who perceived transmission as “easy” were prone to both general social-distancing (aOR:2.00, 95% CI:1.57, 2.55) and contact avoidance (aOR:1.80, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.30). | 2021-02-04 |
| 33539527 | The aim of this study was to analyse whether the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic affected prescribing rates, as public health measures were implemented to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33539697 | The greatest concern in perinatal aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic is the possibility of vertical transmission, especially transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Although direct evidence for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still lacking, the possibility of vertical transmission during late pregnancy cannot be ruled out. […] This review summarizes available case studies on COVID-19 in neonates and introduces what is currently known about neonatal COVID-19, focusing on its vertical transmission. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33539765 | The emergence of alternate variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to ongoing adaptations in humans and following human-to-animal transmission has raised concern over the efficacy of vaccines against new variants. […] We describe human-to-animal transmission (zooanthroponosis) of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications for faunal virus persistence and vaccine-mediated immunity. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33540130 | Recent literature strongly supports the idea that mobility reduction and social distancing play a crucial role in transmission of SARS-Cov-2 infections. […] It was shown during the first wave that mobility restrictions reduce significantly infection transmission. […] Here we document another relationship and show that, in the period between the first two COVID-19 waves, there exists a high positive correlation between the trends of SARS-Cov-2 transmission and mobility. […] These two trends oscillate simultaneously and increased mobility following lockdown relaxation has a significant positive relationship with increased transmission. | 2021-02-04 |
| 33540628 | Young adults who show few to no symptoms when infected have been identified in many countries as driving the virus’ spread through unidentifiable community transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33541202 | Pandemics create challenges for medical centers, which call for innovative adaptations to care for patients during the unusually high census, to distribute stress and work hours among providers, to reduce the likelihood of transmission to health care workers, and to maximize resource utilization. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33541353 | Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are used to reduce transmission of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] We assessed the effectiveness of NPIs around internal containment and closure, international travel restrictions, economic measures, and health system actions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in 130 countries and territories. , levels of NPI intensity, time-varying changes in NPI effect, and variable selection criteria. […] Understanding the impact that specific NPIs have had on SARS-CoV-2 transmission is complicated by temporal clustering, time-dependent variation in effects, and differences in NPI intensity. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33541359 | There were no known cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from infected patients to clinic staff and/or other patients. […] This information allowed for appropriate delay in initiating RT, minimizing the occurrence of RT treatment interruptions, and no known cases of transmission from infected patients to clinic staff and/or other patients. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33541739 | The majority of pregnancies affected by maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) do not result in fetal transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33541911 | Contact tracing is central to the public health response to COVID-19, but the approach taken has received criticism for failing to make enough of an impact on disease transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33542156 | Locales in which efforts were undertaken to encourage distancing experienced reductions in their rate of transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33542248 | Instead of lockdown that might seriously damage the economy, milder travel restrictions could have the similar impact on controlling the domestic transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33542386 | It is unclear if this would lead to a net increase or decrease in transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33542400 | The mechanism of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is beginning to emerge as airborne spread in addition to direct droplet and indirect contact as main routes of transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33542420 | The variants in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may also be a good indicator demonstrating the transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 from its natural reservoir to human hosts. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33543178 | Currently, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is drastically affecting 214 countries, causing severe pneumonia in patients, which has resulted in lockdown being implemented in several countries to stop its local transmission. […] Considering this, the rapid screening and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 2019-nCoV) play an essential role in the diagnosis of COVID-19, which can minimize local transmission and prevent an epidemic. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33543252 | Routes of transmission remain to be fully understood. | NA |
| 33543350 | There were 0 cases ablation-related COVID-19 transmission and 0 major complications in either cohort. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33543353 | The detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in the patients recovered from COVID-19 is not necessarily correlated with the ability of transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33543434 | In this way, the conclusion that high temperature and high humidity increase the transmission of the COVID-19 infections can also be applied to the regions with greater transmission rates, where the minimum temperature is mostly over 21 °C and humidity ranges around 80% for months. […] Hence, higher particulate pollution levels in the air increase COVID-19 transmission in these six South Asian countries. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33543709 | We use empirically determined distributions of incubation period, infectivity, and generation time to quantify how the duration of quarantine affects onward transmission from traced contacts of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and from returning travellers. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33544024 | A comparable BCG vaccination campaign undertaken prior to the pandemic in former West Germany, instituted along with known country-wide transmission reduction measures, is associated with a 37% decrease in projected mortality by mid-summer, 2020. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33544196 | Uncontrolled transmission in a hospital department poses a risk to both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients. […] To monitor SARS-CoV-2 incidence, transmission, and antibody development among HCWs to identify high risk procedures, pathways, and work areas within the department. […] Only one case of potential transmission between HCWs was identified. […] The low incidence among HCW during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic may reflect local transmission and infection control precautions, as well as a low infectious burden in the Danish society. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33544315 | Telemedicine has rapidly emerged as a critical technology enabling health care visits to continue while supporting social distancing to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission among patients, families, and clinicians. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33544398 | We here reveal a mechanism by which IFN-γ-driven inflammatory responses induce a vulnerable epithelial state with robust replication of SARS-CoV-2, which may have an impact on disease outcome and virus transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33544701 | Given recent increased emphasis on airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the purpose of the present study was to experimentally characterize aerosol dispersion within olfactory epithelium (OE) and respiratory epithelium (RE) in human subjects, to determine if small (sub 5μm) airborne aerosols selectively deposit in the OE. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33545090 | Scarce data are available on what variables affect the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the development of symptomatic COVID-19, and, particularly, the relationship with viral load. […] We aimed to analyse data from linked index cases of COVID-19 and their contacts to explore factors associated with transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] In this cohort study, patients were recruited as part of a randomised controlled trial done between March 17 and April 28, 2020, that aimed to assess if hydroxychloroquine reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] We assessed risk of transmission and developing symptomatic disease and incubation dynamics using regression analysis. […] We assessed the relationship of viral load and characteristics of cases (age, sex, number of days from reported symptom onset, and presence or absence of fever, cough, dyspnoea, rhinitis, and anosmia) and associations between risk of transmission and characteristics of the index case and contacts. copies per mL. […] In our study, the viral load of index cases was a leading driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33545362 | An attenuation of viral transmission or pathogenicity during epidemic course is suggested, likely due to restriction rules, although viral factors might be considered. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33545410 | On March 8, 2020, the Italian Government implemented extraordinary measures to limit viral transmission of COV-19/SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-05 |
| 33546137 | Rapid detection and reporting of cases are essential to prevent further hospital transmission. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33546618 | This study is to explore the patient characteristics and transmission chains of COVID-19 in the population of Gansu province, and support decision-making. […] Twenty-five (52.2%) cases came from ten families, and we found no clear reports of modes of transmission other than family clusters. […] The most common suspected mode of transmission was through family cluster. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33546674 | Transmission of COVID-19 via salivary aerosol particles generated when using handpieces or ultrasonic scalers is a major concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33547610 | Hence, it is possible to postulate that cool and dry weather conditions with lower temperatures may promote indoor activities and human gatherings (assembling), leading to virus transmission. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33547666 | Being infected with the COVID-19 was the most common suicide reason, followed by work-related stress, and fear related to COVID-19 infection/transmission. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33547815 | It should be taken into account that, regardless of the severity of the disease, pediatric patients may have a role in the transmission chain. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33547895 | A precarious basic sanitation infrastructure could potentially be associated with the high transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in Brazil. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33547981 | This study describes a novel approach in the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS). […] This set-up acts as an additional physical barrier against droplet and aerosol transmission. […] The use of sterile plastic drapes with water-tight seal around each robotic cannula can help reduce viral transmission to healthcare providers during TORS. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33548299 | There is a need to clarify further the role of different transmission routes at multiple scales and outdoor and indoor environments beyond bioclimatic envelopes. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33548552 | Estimates of H1N1 infections from a dynamic transmission model are combined with hospitalizations and severity using time series econometric analyses of administrative patient-level hospital data. | 2021-02-06 |
| 33549196 | We aimed to assess the economic trade-offs of expanding and accelerating testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across the USA in different transmission scenarios. from 1·1 to 3), we estimated a threshold test price at which the status-quo strategy outperforms all testing strategies considered. of 1·2), monthly testing of the population followed by 1-week isolation rather than 2-week isolation is likely to be most cost-effective. […] Expanded surveillance testing is more likely to be cost-effective than the status-quo testing strategy if the price per test is less than $75 across all transmission rates considered. | 2021-02-07 |
| 33549590 | Whilst measures to abate transmission and infection are ongoing, there continues to be growing numbers of patients requiring chronic support, which is already putting a strain on health care systems around the world and which may do so for years to come. | 2021-02-07 |
| 33549620 | Hospitals are the places for COVID-19 treatment but on the other hand, they are a dangerous source for SARS-COV-2 transmission. […] If we assume that the SARS-COV-2 is transmitted by air to hospitals, what are the strategies to reduce the SARS-COV-2 transmission and its removal? […] Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate SARS-COV-2 transmission through indoor air in hospitals and its prevention methods.This study is a systematic review by searching among published articles in reputable international databases such as Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and ISI (Web of Science). […] Information was entered into the checklist, such as the name of the first author, the year of the study publication, the country, the type of study, the number of samples, the type of air sample, the results, the methods for SARS-COV-2 transmission prevention in the hospital. […] An analysis of the articles showed that Asian countries (Iran, China, Singapore) were more concerned with the SARS-COV-2 transmission through hospital air. […] We hope that this research will help to reduce the transmission of SARS-COV-2 and cut the airborne transmission pathway of SARS-COV-2 in hospitals. | 2021-02-07 |
| 33549768 | Reducing of COVID-19 transmission relies on controlling droplet and aerosol spread. | 2021-02-07 |
| 33550400 | Our findings support statewide mask requirements to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-02-07 |
| 33550715 | Although several cases of cats and dogs infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported during this outbreak, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in dog and its transmission among other companion animals are still unknown. | 2021-02-07 |
| 33550866 | Proportion meta-analysis of case series and prospective cohort studies was performed using STATA version 14.2 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) and pooled estimate (with 95% confidence interval) of overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was calculated. : 0%). | 2021-02-08 |
| 33551312 | There was no COVID-19 nosocomial transmission during the study period. […] The quarantine ward is a key measure to prevent nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 but may carry a potential negative impact on patient care and safety. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33551528 | This study aimed to analyze how meteorological variables can affect the spread of local COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh. […] Nine spatial units were considered from a meteorological standpoint to characterize COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh. […] The effect of meteorological variables on COVID-19 transmission was modeled using a lag period of 10 days. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33551537 | Few studies have quantified particle transmission through respirator designs outside of the filter medium. […] The goal of this paper is to measure particle transmission through printed respirators of different designs, materials, and AM processes. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33551637 | Apart from viral sexually transmitted diseases, viral infections in urology are not common and likely to be underreported. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33551673 | The rapid dynamics of COVID-19 calls for quick and effective tracking of virus transmission chains and early detection of outbreaks, especially in the “phase 2” of the pandemic, when lockdown and other restriction measures are progressively withdrawn, in order to avoid or minimize contagion resurgence. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33551702 | Multiple studies have reported the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material on surfaces suggesting that fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is feasible. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552192 | The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has attracted much attention to study its possible presence and airborne transmission. […] The possibility of COVID-19 airborne transmission in indoor environments is debatable. […] Some studies do not accept this method of transmission (COVID-19 airborne transmission). […] The present study aimed to measure the possible exposure of health care personnel to SARS-CoV-2 particles that may have been suspended in the air to respond to the hypothesis of COVID-19 airborne transmission. […] In fact, the analysis of gene expression in ambient conditions and thereby aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through air is possible and may lead to occupational exposure of health care personnel. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552374 | Yet easing or lifting of COVID-19 social distancing policies can lead to increased transmission. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552375 | Human to human transmission of the infection emphasizes the importance of adhering to public and social measure to halt its spread. […] The risk of community transmission occasioned by the protest, coupled with travels and active mobility across countries within the continent increases the risk of community transmission with possible increases in new cases over the next few weeks to months. […] These individual-targeted measures will go a long way to curtail the imminent community transmission of COVID-19 across Nigeria. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552377 | Following confirmation of the first few cases, the government enacted preventive measures to curb community transmission. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552378 | We have had no mother-to-child transmission and no death. […] Breastfeeding does not seem to influence this transmission. the most frequently reported symptoms were fever in all patients, followed by dry cough, dyspnea and headache. […] There was no mother-to-child transmission, nor transmission during breastfeeding. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552828 | The resulting iterative scheme is then used to demonstrate the detailed simulation results of the ABC mathematical model to examine the importance of the memory index and model parameters on the transmission and control of COVID-19 infection. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552838 | A significant increase of COVID-19 related hashtags started to occur on HSL around January 20, 2020, when the transmission of the disease between humans was announced. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552882 | We also explored the results graphically in numerical section for better understanding of transmission dynamics. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33552932 | The ultimate aim of this proposed theory of FCB COVID-19 DA is to take control of COVID-19 pandemic and de-accelerate its rate of transmission among the society. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33553089 | Asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 can be unknown carriers magnifying the transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33553247 | To limit the spread and transmission of the novel coronavirus, governments, regulatory bodies, and health authorities across the globe strongly enforced shut down of educational institutions including medical and dental schools. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33553482 | We observed a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among USNS COMFORT crewmembers despite the inherent risk of a shipboard deployment to an area with high rates of community transmission. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33553500 | Concerns were raised that the hot season may lead to additional problems as some typical interventions to prevent heat-related illness could potentially conflict with precautions to reduce coronavirus transmission. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33553677 | Most seasonal coronaviruses appear to be acquired outside the household, with relatively modest risk of onward transmission within households. […] Transmission risk following an index case appears to vary by demographic household features, with potential overlap between those demonstrating the highest point estimates for seasonal coronavirus transmission risk and COVID-19 susceptibility and poor illness outcomes. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33553890 | Rapid, accurate, and low-cost detection of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to contain the transmission of COVID-19. […] The device consists of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed housing and low-cost optic components that allow excitation of fluorescent reporters and selective transmission of the fluorescence emission to a smartphone. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33554183 | Several key epidemiological parameters, asymptomatic cases, transmission to family members, and clinical characteristics at admission and during treatment were summarized. […] Three of the asymptomatic cases showed transmission to their family members. […] The transmission occurred from asymptomatic cases to family members. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33554184 | Secondly, countries in the regions that are still at the early stages of the outbreak (i.e., the Africa region, where many countries have only found imported cases) should further strengthen travel restrictions to reduce the risk of imported cases as well as the risk of developing local transmission. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33554257 | Isolation of COVID-19 patients has been universally implemented to control transmission of the outbreak. […] Our study tested the efficacy of isolating patients in a reconditioned hotel versus isolation in their domiciles to reduce infection transmission. […] The isolation of COVID-19 patients in community-supervised facilities may protect their household members from transmission of the disease. […] Overcrowded homes may contribute to the transmission of the infection. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33554738 | Oncology pharmacists have been actively involved in this movement, in order to minimize patient contact and decrease the risk of viral transmission for this high-risk group. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33555426 | Most of these strategies have previously been proven effective on interruption of infection transmission. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33555454 | Bedridden patients admitted to nosocomial infection wards were associated with COVID-19 infection, and transmission within the dialysis center was not observed. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33555566 | There are concerns regarding the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from mother to child during this COVID pandemic. […] This descriptive study was done to check the possible transmission of the virus through breastfeeding in the Indian context. […] The authors could not find evidence for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to child through breastmilk in the population studied. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33556151 | The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the resilience of public health, including diagnostic testing, antiviral development and transmission prevention. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33556277 | Risk factors for transmission to staff included presence during nebulization, caring for patients with dyspnea or cough, lack of eye protection, at least 15 minutes of exposure to case patients, and interactions with SARS-CoV-2-positive staff in clinical areas. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33556355 | As a matter of fact, clear evidence of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via respiratory aerosol would be of primary importance; at the same time, checking the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be extremely useful to control the diffusion of the disease. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33556610 | We compared the demographics, transmission chains, case fatality rates, social activity level, and public health responses between second (August 13-September 18) and third (November 4-present) waves. […] There was a significant difference in transmission chains of the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.01). […] 45.7%) was lower, while those of personal contact transmission (38.5% vs. […] 25.9%) and unknown routes of transmission (23.5% vs. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33556611 | Cancer patients are a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and could need to implement recommendations against virus transmission even in a household scenario as it is the main factor significantly related to seroconversion. | 2021-02-08 |
| 33557147 | This information should alert the scientific community and public health officials about a possible new form of transmission of the disease and long-term clinical effects on the population. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557344 | A transmission-blocking vaccine should be prioritized in adults aged 20-49 years and those older than 50 years to minimize the cumulative incidence and mortality, respectively. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557402 | The aim of this study is to evaluate the serological profile of children and young adults between 4 and 16 years of age in order to assess the transmission patterns of COVID-19 between cohabitants. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557439 | Central to developing effective control measures for the COVID-19 pandemic is understanding the epidemiology of transmission in the community. […] By understanding factors that drive community transmission, we can better target disease control measures. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557602 | Of articles on COVID-19 transmission, 3.3% were ophthalmology-focused. […] Within 3 months of declaring the COVID-19 pandemic, 215 ophthalmology-focused articles were published in PubMed, concentrating on disease manifestations and transmission. […] Clinicians should be alert for ocular involvement in COVID-19 infections and possible ocular transmission even in patients without ocular symptoms. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557705 | The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission to health care workers during myringotomy and tympanostomy tube (MT) insertion is unknown. […] These initial data are reassuring regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to the operating room team due to aerosol generation, but further study is necessary before making definitive recommendations. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557854 | Global pandemic responses have neglected im/migrants by continuing to ignore or insufficiently address inequities, exacerbating COVID transmission, xenophobia, and occupational injustice. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557906 | Early diagnosis of the disease plays an important role in preventing transmission of the virus in the community. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33557927 | Real-time results could lead to personal and public health impacts such as reducing onward household transmission of SARS-CoV2 infection, improving surveillance of health and social care staff, contributing to accurate prevalence estimates, and understanding of SARS-CoV2 transmission dynamics in the population. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558040 | Accounting for an estimated increase in the order of 100 bat-borne CoVs across the region, climate change may have played a key role in the evolution or transmission of the two SARS CoVs. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558479 | We find this sensitivity depends on both the susceptibility of the population and the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in reducing transmission. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558493 | The causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, is steadily mutating during continuous transmission among humans. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558789 | While, still the best practical way to prevent the transmission of viruses is to practice self-sanitation and follow social distancing principles, enhancing the individual’s immunity through the consumption of proper foods containing balanced nutrients can have significant result against viral infections. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558790 | We suggest opportunities for employer and governmental interventions to reduce potential worker exposures and better control future worksite biological hazards and infectious disease transmission. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558823 | We hypothesize that trends in the volume of search queries related to activities associated with COVID-19 transmission correlate with subsequent COVID-19 caseloads. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558826 | Due to the easy transmission of COVID-19, the virus is a threat to global health. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558838 | Telemedicine has become a critical technology for providing medical care to patients by trying to reduce transmission of the virus among patients, families, and doctors. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558848 | Rates of transmission and health burden of the continuing pandemic will be ultimately determined by population factors and disease control policies. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33558864 | None of the studies confirmed sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2. […] Universal precautions, currently practiced worldwide, are adequate and sufficient at this time to prevent the transmission of known or unknown viral infections. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33559368 | The variety and widespread of coronavirus in natural reservoir animals is likely to cause epidemics via interspecific transmission, which has attracted much attention due to frequent coronavirus epidemics in recent decades. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33559552 | Emergency orthopaedic operations are still among the most commonly performed procedures with increased risk of transmission of SARS CoV-2 to the patients and the healthcare workers. […] From the evidence gathered it was noted that a multimodal approach to minimising pathogen transmission is required. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33559937 | The vertical transmission of the virus is not yet clear, but available data have shown that the indirect effects of the virus can be seen on the fetus. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33560365 | Many amino acid positions are differentially conserved between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which reflects the discrepancies in virus behaviour, i.e. more effective human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and higher mortality associated with SARS-CoV. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33560397 | Widespread community transmission in the United States triggered a nationwide shutdown, raising major challenges for administration of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies, leading many centers to delay or cancel operations. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33560412 | Understanding the drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is crucial for control policies but evidence of transmission rates in different settings remains limited. […] Households showed the highest transmission rates, with a pooled SAR of 21.1% (95%CI:17.4%-24.8%). […] We found some evidence for reduced transmission potential both from and to individuals under 20 years of age in the household context, which is more limited when examining all settings. […] Our results suggest that exposure in settings with familiar contacts increases SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential. […] There was limited data to explore transmission patterns in workplaces, schools, and care-homes, highlighting the need for further research in such settings. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33560604 | There is currently no conclusive evidence of absence of intrauterine transmission of the virus; the virus has not been detected in breastmilk in most studies, although passage into breastmilk cannot be completely excluded. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33560990 | The 2019-nCoV coronavirus protein was confirmed to be highly susceptible to various mutations, which can trigger apparent changes of virus’ transmission capacity and even the pathogenic mechanism. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33561032 |
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2021-02-09 |
| 33561380 | Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33561448 | Our findings may encourage future studies to explore more about the role of ambient air pollutants and meteorology on transmission of COVID-19 and similar infectious diseases. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33561619 | Most patients found the visiting restrictions difficult, many reported that the pandemic made them feel unsafe, affected their sleep and that they feared transmission from other patients. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33561864 | Our results indicate that bats harbour endogenous coronaviruses capable of direct transmission into humans. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33561915 | A modified-SEIHR compartment model with a discretely feedback-controlled transmission rate was proposed to incorporate the behavioral changes of individuals into the model. | 2021-02-09 |
| 33562141 | The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and worldwide necessitates the development of multiple vaccines to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33562366 | Transmission parameters and polarization parameters are simulated and analyzed. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33562465 | The objective is to estimate the transmission, also known as infectivity rate, through time taking into account the infection evolution data supplied by the official health care systems in both countries. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33563186 | The critical problem with 2019-nCoV is its ability in human to the human asymptomatic transmission which causes the rapid and hidden spread of the virus among the population. […] Accordingly, to cut the transmission chain of disease and control the infection spread. […] Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to make comprehensive investigations and study reviews about COVID-19, offering the latest findings of novel therapies, drugs, epidemiology, and routes of virus transmission and pathogenesis. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33563197 | Unlike SARS-CoV, the SARS-CoV-2 has a higher binding affinity to ACE-2 receptors which signify its higher transmission rate from person to person. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33563270 | On the basis of utilitarian and egalitarian principles, we define and estimate the size of tiered target population groups for a phased introduction of COVID-19 vaccination, considering evolving goals as vaccine supplies increase, detailed information on the risk of illness and transmission, and past experience with vaccination during the 2009 influenza pandemic. […] In later stages, the vaccination program could be further extended to target adults without underlying health conditions and children (784.8 million), in order to reduce symptomatic infections and/or to stop virus transmission. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33563638 | Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to occur among individuals who congregate in large groups, especially during indoor activities. […] Transmission likely occurred from multiple individuals with minor nonspecific symptoms during the event, possibly during shared meals. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33563823 | Results from prior studies assaying human milk for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, have suggested milk may act as a potential vehicle for mother-to-child transmission. […] Here, we report that repeated milk samples collected from 18 women following COVID-19 diagnosis did not contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA; however, risk of transmission via breast skin should be further evaluated. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33563967 | Given that sensitivities (around 94% and 84% for IgG and IgM, respectively) implicate false-negative cases and given the lack of effective vaccines or treatments, the only currently available procedure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission is to identify and isolate persons who are contagious. | NA |
| 33563978 | Among the many questions unanswered for the COVID-19 pandemic are the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential role of intermediate animal host(s) in the early animal-to-human transmission. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564203 | Outbreaks of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) have been reported in workers in fish farms and fish processing plants arising from person-to-person transmission, raising concerns about aquatic animal food products’ safety. […] This review aimed to examine the potential for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) contamination and the potential transmission via aquatic food animals or their products and wastewater effluents. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564205 | Network analysis provides a new methodology to uncover the topology and evolution of the population flow and understand its influence on the early dynamics of COVID-19 transmission. […] In this paper, we simulated 42 transmission scenarios to show the distribution of the COVID-19 outbreak across China. […] We built an importation risk model to identify some major cities (Dongguan and Foshan) with the highest total importation risk values and the highest standard deviations, indicating the core transmission chains (Dongguan-Shenzhen, Foshan-Guangzhou). […] Our findings quantified the effectiveness of travel restrictions on delaying the epidemic growth and limiting the spread scope of COVID-19 in China, which helped better derive the geographical COVID-19 transmission related to population flow networks’ structural features. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564209 | The advantages of entomophagy in the post COVID-19 world have been elucidated herein, with particular emphasis on the minimal risk of zoonotic disease transmission and production efficiency, in addition to the future goal of establishment of entomophagy to expand redundancy and diversity in the food system as against the utility of conventional livestock. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564210 | New coronavirus (COVID-19) is a newly emerging and highly infectious form of typical pneumonia with a high rate of transmission. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564314 | Mismanagement of healthcare waste (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic can facilitate the transmission of coronavirus. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564691 | Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are moderately evolving which might have contributed to its genome variability, transmission, replication efficiency, and virulence in different regions of the world. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564723 | The European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology Radiation Therapist Committee (ESTRO RTTC) published a guidance document and infographic providing recommendations to minimise risk of COVID-19 transmission in radiotherapy (RT) departments. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564750 | To break the transmission chain of SARS-CoV-2, public health safety measures such as social distancing, regular hand hygiene, border closure, restrictions on internal movement, and lockdown were implemented. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564827 | Epidemiological studies rapidly filled in key gaps in our understanding of the susceptibility of reproductive aged women to the virus, transmission dynamics during pregnancy and lactation, and the effect of infection during the prenatal, pregnancy and post-partum periods. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564833 | Isolation of hospitalized persons under investigation (PUIs) for COVID-19 reduces nosocomial transmission risk. […] We conducted a pre-post study of CORAL (COvid Risk cALculator), a CDSS that guides frontline clinicians through a risk-stratified COVID-19 diagnostic workup, removes transmission-based precautions when workup is complete and negative, and triages complex cases to Infectious Diseases (ID) physician review. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564862 | Using published SARS-CoV-2 transmission parameters, the fraction of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions prevented through serial testing (weekly, every three days, or daily) and isolation of asymptomatic persons compared to symptom-based testing and isolation was evaluated through mathematical modeling using a Reed-Frost model to estimate the percentage of cases prevented (i.e., “effectiveness”) through either outbreak testing alone or outbreak plus non-outbreak testing. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33564896 | The current COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) pandemic poses specific challenges for risk communication.The state of knowledge on many important aspects concerning COVID-19 was and is often uncertain or preliminary, e.g. on transmission, symptoms, long-term effects and immunity. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33565270 | Dromedary camels are playing essential roles in the evolution and transmission of MERS-CoV. […] This explains, at least in part, the mechanism of transmission of MERS-CoV from animals to humans. […] More studies are needed for a better understanding of the transmission of MERS-CoV from animals to humans; thus, the risk of virus spread can be mitigated. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33565274 | This review evaluates the preclinical and clinical evidence on use of cloth and surgical face masks in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and proposes a trial to gather further evidence. […] One preclinical and 1 observational cohort clinical study found significant benefit of masks in limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] RCT evidence for other respiratory viral illnesses shows no significant benefit of masks in limiting transmission but is of poor quality and not SARS-CoV-2 specific. […] There is an urgent need for evidence from randomized controlled trials to investigate the efficacy of surgical and cloth masks on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and user reported outcomes such as comfort and compliance. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33565566 | This may improve the effectiveness of the preventive measures in terms of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other virus. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33565705 | We describe a case of proven transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from lung donor to recipient. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33565817 | In utero transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is a point of debate. […] We report a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vertical transmission from asymptomatic mother, with molecular detection in mother’s blood at delivery and neonatal nasopharyngeal swabs at 5 and 28 hours of life and later IgG seroconversion. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33566110 | Suspected cases were defined as signs and/or symptoms of COVID-19 infection or patient-specific transmission-based precautions for COVID-19 infection. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33566596 | The frequent detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in healthcare environments, accommodations, and wastewater has attracted great attention to the risk of viral transmission by environmental fomites. […] Such information is valuable for understanding virus transport and environmental transmission and even for designing anticontamination surfaces. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33566791 | Promoting Germ Defence within national and local public health/primary care guidance could reduce COVID-19 transmission. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33566850 | Results indicate that only a small proportion of APEs listed the correct COVID-19 symptoms, transmission routes and appropriate prevention measures (n = (25%), n = (16%) and n = (39%), respectively) specifically included in national health education materials. […] Misconceptions were mainly related to transmission routes, high risk individuals and asymptomatic patients. 84% said they followed all government prevention guidelines. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33566873 | Widespread diagnostic testing is needed to reduce transmission of COVID-19 and manage the pandemic. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33566951 | In this study, we documented, by transmission electron microscopy and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the infection of Vero-E6 cells with SARS-CoV-2 samples isolated from Brazilian patients. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33567126 | In efforts to reduce transmission, reduction in direct patient-physician contact has led to a backlog of cardiac cases. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33567139 | Difficulties faced by patients, COVID-19-related incidents (preventable cases of hospital transmission), and modifications in practice were recorded. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33567247 | Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with higher transmission potential have been emerging globally, including SARS-CoV-2 variants from the United Kingdom and South Africa. | 2021-02-10 |
| 33567520 | The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted both the importance of One Health, i.e., the interactions and transmission of pathogens between animals and humans, and the potential power of gene-based vaccines, specifically nucleic acid vaccines. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33567580 | It has been reported that the UK and South African strains may have higher transmission capabilities, eventually in part due to amino acid substitutions on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. […] If indeed the South African strain has a high transmission level, this could be due to the N501Y replacement and/or to substitutions in regions located outside the direct Spike-ACE2 interface but not so much to the K417N and E484K replacements. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33567598 | To improve foundational knowledge of SARS-CoV-2, we are conducting a synthesis review of its host diversity and transmission pathways. […] To mitigate this COVID-19 pandemic, we strongly advocate for a systems-oriented scientific approach that comprehensively evaluates the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the human and animal interface. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33567746 | Diligent efforts, special care, and awareness are needed to reduce transmission among susceptible masses particularly elder people, children, and health care workers. […] Its transmission dynamics, symptoms, and associated risk factors are discussed. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33567843 | The review article will enrich our understanding on the host range, diversity and evolution, transmission of human CoVs and the threat posed by these viruses circulating in animal populations but overtime have spilled over to humans because of the increased proximity between humans and animals. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568100 | In infectious disease transmission dynamics, the high heterogeneity in individual infectiousness indicates that few index cases generate large numbers of secondary cases, which is commonly known as superspreading events. […] The heterogeneity in transmission can be measured by describing the distribution of the number of secondary cases as a negative binomial (NB) distribution with dispersion parameter, k. […] The zero-truncated framework is recommended for less biased transmission heterogeneity estimates. […] These findings highlight the importance of individual-specific case management strategies to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic by lowering the transmission risks of potential super-spreaders with priority. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568452 | Molecular clock analysis dated bat-to-human and bat-to-camelid transmission to as early as 1884. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568512 | CoVs are prone to variation and own the transmission capability by crossing the species barrier resulting in reemergence. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568618 | Currently, we are faced with a highly infective disease with a high mortality rate among people with comorbidities and of predominantly droplet transmission and no concrete safety recommendations and guidelines. […] This manuscript addresses multiple issues, gaps, and pragmatic solutions in controlling transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in dental settings, during and after the pandemic. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568663 | Here, we report from the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) national study of over 100,000 people. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568759 | Tracing the evolution and transmission of the virus is crucial to respond to and control the pandemic through appropriate intervention strategies. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568880 | This paper offers a parsimonious, rational-choice model to study the effect of pre-existing inequalities on the transmission of COVID-19. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33568956 | Presently, the increasing death rates, faster rates of transmission, non-availability of vaccines, and treatment have over-pressurized the researchers, health professionals, and government officials to develop effective clinical strategies in diagnosis and to come up with guidelines to be followed during conduction of each diagnostic procedure for maintaining healthcare systems. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33569259 | The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in newborns is extremely rare, and there is a scarcity of research pertaining to epidemiology, clinical presentation, transmission, and prognosis in this population. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33569285 | Homeless persons live in congregate and poor hygiene settings that may favor virus transmission, often have underling physical and mental comorbidities that place them at high risk of severe forms of COVID-19, and have limited access to public healthcare and social services. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33569402 | The risk of ocular transmission remains and might be higher in the early phase. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33569413 | Our study has potentially provided an accurate tool on chest CT for early diagnosis of NCP with high transferability and showed high efficiency in differentiating between NCP and IP; these findings could help to reduce misdiagnosis and contain the pandemic transmission. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33569465 | While the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has been largely kept under control in China, it remains a global pandemic, and the source, transmission route, and treatments of SARS-COV-2 are still being investigated. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570080 | To increase the accuracy of the estimates of virus transmission times between populations, the uncertainties associated with the age estimates of both the crown and stem nodes should be communicated. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570199 | Our study confirm that intra-family transmission is important. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570344 | The results of recent research have shown that, apart from airborne ways of transmission, there also exists a possibility of getting infected by coming into contact with contaminated surfaces and objects. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570448 | In this review, we discuss the main consequences of climate change and link these to how they impact the appearance of new viral pathogens, how they may facilitate transmission between usual and novel hosts, and how they may also affect the host’s ability to manage the infection. […] We emphasize how changes in temperature and humidity and other events associated with climate change influence the reservoirs of viral infections, their transmission by insects and other intermediates, their survival outside the host as well the success of infection in plants and animals. […] We conclude that climate change has mainly detrimental consequences for the emergence, transmission, and outcome of viral infections and plead the case for halting and hopefully reversing this dangerous event. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570576 | Notably, the viral loads detected in these asymptomatic cases resemble those seen in clinical samples, highlighting the potential of covert viral transmission. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570681 | This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current data in relation to COVID-19 and its effect on pregnant women, including symptoms, pathogenesis and the possible risk of vertical transmission. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33570736 | There were no instances of in-patient coronavirus transmission. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571105 | Based on SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we reconstruct a partial transmission tree of the early pandemic and coinfer the geographic location of ancestral lineages as well as the number of migration events into and between European regions. […] We find that the predominant lineage spreading in Europe during this time has a most recent common ancestor in Italy and was probably seeded by a transmission event in either Hubei, China or Germany. […] Sustained local transmission is first evident in Italy and then shortly thereafter in the other European regions considered. […] Before the first border closures in Europe, we estimate that the rate of occurrence of new cases from within-country transmission was within the bounds of the estimated rate of new cases from migration. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571106 | The contributions of asymptomatic infections to herd immunity and community transmission are key to the resurgence and control of COVID-19, but are difficult to estimate using current models that ignore changes in testing capacity. […] Asymptomatic infections contribute substantially to herd immunity, and to community transmission together with presymptomatic ones. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571138 | Further research is needed to understand the role and importance of contact tracing in controlling community transmission dynamics in African countries, including among children. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571143 | It consisted of 28 questions in four sections; seven questions about sociodemographic characteristics of participants, 12 questions to estimate level of knowledge about COVID-19, six questions to evaluate attitudes toward disease, and three questions to assess practices to prevent disease transmission. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571175 | Wearing a face mask can reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2), and many colleges and universities mandate mask use in public locations and outdoors when within six feet of others. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571176 | CDC recommends community use of face masks to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (1). […] Statewide mask mandates might be associated with reductions in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and might contribute to reductions in COVID-19 hospitalization growth rates, compared with growth rates during <4 weeks before implementation of the mandate and the implementation week. […] Mask-wearing is a component of a multipronged strategy to decrease exposure to and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce strain on the health care system, with likely direct effects on COVID-19 morbidity and associated mortality. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571188 | One of the significant unanswered questions about COVID-19 epidemiology relates to the role of children in transmission. […] To estimate relative transmission parameters, we employ a discrete stochastic model of the spread of infection within a household, allowing for susceptibility and infectivity parameters to differ among children and adults. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571264 | Considering the transmission route of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a similar increased risk can be hypothesized for other respiratory infections. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571380 | The control of community transmission requires the identification and isolation of hotspots, commonly achieved through blanket measures or through ring-fencing. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571450 | The extent to which very young children contribute to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. […] Intrafamily transmission seemed more plausible than transmission within daycare centres. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571558 | Following universal masking of all HCWs and emphasis on physical distancing during meals and breaks, no further evidence was found for patient to HCW or HCW-to-HCW transmission or vice versa. […] The identification of genomic cluster A in patients and HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2 by whole genome sequencing suggests transmission between HCWs, but also from HCWs to patients. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33571742 | Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the long-term outcomes of this infection that could affect the offspring, regardless of a possible maternal-fetal transmission, focusing on, above all, the role of maternal immune activation and the expression of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in particular at the placental level. | 2021-02-11 |
| 33572118 | We highlight the crucial role of community-based screening with rapid antigen testing to evaluate the potential modes of community transmission and the impact of infection control strategies. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33572190 | Continuous molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 will be necessary to detect and describe the transmission dynamics of new variants of the virus with clinical relevance. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33572456 | An epidemiological model, which describes the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 under specific consideration of the incubation period including the population with subclinical infections and being infective is presented. […] The COVID-19 epidemic in Greece was explored through a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis framework, and the optimal values for the parameters that determined the transmission dynamics could be obtained before, during, and after the interventions to control the epidemic. […] The analysis of the modelling results at the intra-annual climatic scale allowed for in depth investigation of the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and the significance and relative importance of the model parameters. […] Three discrete peaks were found in the transmission rates throughout the investigated period (15 February-15 December 2020). | 2021-02-12 |
| 33572531 | Industries of the food sector have made a great effort to control SARS-CoV-2 indirect transmission, through objects or surfaces, by updating cleaning and disinfection protocols previously focused on inactivating other pathogens, as well as food spoilage microorganisms. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33572734 | These ligand-gated ion channels serve myriad roles in the gut-brain axis including mediating fast synaptic transmission between autonomic pre- and postganglionic neurons, modulation of neurotransmitter release from peripheral sensory and enteric neurons, and modulation of cytokine release from immune cells. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33572857 | To this end, current up-to-date information on the coronavirus evolution and SARS-CoV-2 modes of transmission, detection techniques and current control and prevention strategies are summarized in this review. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33573007 | Recent works have demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) and specific meteorological conditions played an important role in the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. […] These studies suggest that these parameters could influence the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33573221 | Current data suggested that high neutralizing antibody titers with sustained Th1 responses might correlate with protection against viral transmission and disease development and severity. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33573324 | At present, all countries in the world are stepping up the development of vaccines and antiviral agents to prevent the infection and further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33573529 | In the modern world of large inter-connected urban populations and rapid transport, the risk of global transmission of new infectious diseases is high. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33573721 | Interviews focused on anticipated business practices and challenges relevant to minimizing COVID-19 transmission. […] Despite the efforts of bar operators and guidance from government, potentially significant risks of COVID-19 transmission persisted in a substantial minority of observed bars, especially when customers were intoxicated. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33573790 | Treatments of such infections are geared toward reducing maternal symptoms and complications and toward preventing maternal-to-child transmission of viruses. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574037 | Altogether, these results show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces protective immunity that not only prevents re-exposure but also limits transmission in hamsters. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574041 | To reduce the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), most countries closed schools, despite uncertainty if school closures are an effective containment measure. […] The results for parents indicate that keeping lower-secondary schools open had minor consequences for the overall transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in society. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574043 | To examine the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 positive players and other players during rugby league matches and determine within-match SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk. […] Positive cases were most likely traced to social interactions, car sharing and wider community transmission and not linked to in-match transmission. […] Despite tackle involvements and close proximity interactions with SARS-CoV-2 positive players, in-match SARS-CoV-2 transmission was not confirmed. […] While larger datasets are needed, these findings suggest rugby presents a lower risk of viral transmission than previously predicted. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574045 | It is also important to take into consideration that patients with a complicated course who require an invasive procedure such as drainage might pose a risk of transmission to the operating surgeon or interventionist. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574281 | Animal-to-animal transmission with the Sdel virus is reduced compared to Sfull in the hamster model. […] These findings highlight the critical role of the S1/S2 boundary of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in modulating virus entry and transmission and provide insights into entry of coronaviruses. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574714 | As well, knowledge about viral transmission in families is limited. […] The household transmission and clinical course and outcome are described. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574719 | In the study area, the participant’s knowledge and attitude are found to be sufficient to halt coronavirus transmission. […] However, practice in the vast majority is not adequate to stop coronavirus transmission. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33574999 | COVID-19, pandemic, disease transmission, dentists´ behavior, dental practice. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33575229 | Hence, government leaders of G20 countries, policymakers, and health providers should promptly take the necessary measures to regulate the outbreak, improve safety measures to decrease disease transmission, and administer those who demand medical attention. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33575237 | These data showed that Chinese measures including the high-grade protective gear used, mask wearing, and social distancing, are effective in reducing transmission in hospitals. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33575409 | The participants scored least knowledge regarding the disease transmission, showing a percentage correctness of only 40%. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33575830 | To eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic, the transmission of the virus SARS-CoV-2 among the population needs to be blocked and/or at least reduced. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33575845 | Due to the high transmission of this disease, rate precautions have been implemented, such as the use of masks by the population, personal protective equipment (PPE), and safety protocols, mainly to health workers. […] After the process of screening and eligibility, 563 patents were selected for our analysis according to the aim of the study which used masks such as a PPE against dust particles and pathogens, mostly when it is about airborne transmission, such as viruses and bacteria. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33576834 | The risk of vertical transmission is low (2%) in newborns of mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33577760 | Bolstering the antiviral response with intranasal administration of recombinant IFN-I reduced viral disease, prevented transmission, and lowered inflammation in vivo. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33577765 | Hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33577820 | S protein helps in receptor binding and membrane fusion and hence plays the most important role in the transmission of CoVs. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33578008 | We use a stochastic transmission model to quantify the reduction in number of cases of COVID-19 of interventions of contact tracing, compliance with isolation and a general lockdown. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33578010 | Symptom screening alone is insufficient to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the vulnerable sheltered people. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33578019 | To investigated the epidemiological dynamics, transmission patterns and the clinical outcomes of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in familial cluster patients in Wuhan, China. […] High transmission pattern was noted between couples (51.0%) and among multi-generations (27.1%). | 2021-02-12 |
| 33578150 | Identifying the space-time patterns of areas with a higher risk of transmission and the associated built environment and demographic characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic is critical for developing targeted intervention measures in response to the pandemic. […] This study aims to identify areas with a higher risk of COVID-19 transmission in different periods in Hong Kong and analyze the associated built environment and demographic factors using data of individual confirmed cases. | 2021-02-12 |
| 33578745 | Interviewees were knowledgeable about the symptoms, detection, transmission and prevention of the disease. | 2021-02-13 |
| 33580478 | As the SARS-CoV-2 virus made a pandemic all over the world, its transmission routes became significant. […] Transmission from human to human is known, but other possible routes are not determined well. […] This study showed that there is no transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus via sweat. | 2021-02-13 |
| 33580710 | It was observed that the countries with prevalent malarial transmission tended to have lesser population adjusted COVID-19 caseloads. | 2021-02-13 |
| 33580952 | Using an established age-structured deterministic VL transmission model, we predicted the impact of a 6- to 24-month programme interruption on the timeline towards achieving the VL elimination target as well as on the increase of VL cases. | 2021-02-13 |
| 33582201 | Based on this in vitro-data the OCT-mouthwash thus constitutes an interesting candidate for future clinical studies to prove its effectiveness in a potential prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols. | 2021-02-14 |
| 33582375 | We surveyed common viral respiratory infections that have a similar pattern of transmission, tropism, and clinical manifestation as COVID-19 under such interventions during this season with pandemic, and compared it with historical data in previous seasons without the interventions. | 2021-02-14 |
| 33582547 | However, there has been not any review described the transmission paths and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproductive system, systematically. […] In order to describe the transmission paths of SARS-CoV-2, effect on the male/female reproductive system of SARS-CoV-2 and some successful prevention measures. | 2021-02-14 |
| 33582823 | In the context of a second wave of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the use of saliva sampling has become an issue of real importance. | 2021-02-14 |
| 33582851 | F2F benefit in cancer surveillance has to be balanced against the risk of virus transmission. | 2021-02-14 |
| 33583292 | To minimise the risk of COVID-19 transmission, an ambulant screening protocol for COVID-19 in patients before admission to the hospital was implemented, combining the SARS CoV-2 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on a nasopharyngeal swab, a chest computed tomography (CT) and assessment of clinical symptoms. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33583366 | Strong evidence supports the hypothesis of a local RAS in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and its modulatory roles in neuroendocrinology and neurotransmission. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33583489 | Despite Western Australia having low COVID-19 case numbers and limited community transmission, cancer service delivery changes were introduced early in the pandemic, including adoption of telehealth. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33583721 | As the airways of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients contain a high viral load, bronchoscopy is associated with increased risk of patient to health care worker transmission due to aerosolised viral particles and contamination of surfaces during bronchoscopy. […] Bronchoscopy is not appropriate for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection and, as an aerosol generating procedure involving a significant risk of transmission, has a very limited role in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients including children. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33583950 | To estimate viral transmission to the students, we considered the features of the novel coronavirus, such as the virus half-life. […] The simulation results revealed that there was a high risk of prolonged airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets when the outlet flow of the classroom ventilation was low (i.e., 4.3 and 8.6 cm/s). […] The results of this study provide guidelines to set a new protection plan in the classroom to prevent airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets to students. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33584016 | CT images-based classification technique has been tried to use the identification of COVID-19 with CT imaging by hospitals, which aims to minimize the possibility of virus transmission and alleviate the burden of clinicians and radiologists. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33585025 | This in part was to help in reallocation of required resources and focusing on the proper management of COVID-19 patients, and to prevent the transmission of infection among health care workers and patients. […] Our aim was to provide comprehensive and easy guidelines for the management of urgent and emergent cases in hot zones and for the process of returning to usual orthopaedic work flow in a balanced strategy to assure safe practice and providing quality care without the risk of exhausting institutional resources or the risk of COVID- 19 transmission among health care workers or patients. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33585671 | This review summarizes current knowledge on the transmission pathways of the novel coronavirus, and directs attention towards potentially underestimated factors that affect its propagation, notably indoor spread and outdoor risk sources. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33585726 | The COVID-19 pandemic brought several challenges to cancer practice, especially to ensure continuity of treatment during this period, minimizing the risks of transmission to a vulnerable population. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33587028 | In addition to studying the mode of transmission and evasion of host immune system, analysing the viral mutational landscape constitutes an area under active research. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33587268 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has evolved to adapt to human host and transmission over the past 12 months. […] Since spike protein determines host ranges, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis through binding to the cellular receptor of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the D614G mutation is hypothesized to enhance viral fitness in human host, leading to increased transmission during the global pandemic. […] Here we summarize the recent progress on the role of the D614G mutation in viral replication, pathogenesis, transmission, and vaccine and therapeutic antibody development. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33587983 | Yet, the transmission dynamics of the disease in these establishments remain unclear. […] Additional research is needed to evaluate viral viability conservation and the potential role of direct contact and aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 transmission in these institutions. | 2021-02-15 |
| 33588935 | The potential for companion animals to contribute to the continued transmission and community spread of this known human-to-human disease is an urgent issue to be considered. […] Here we report that despite detecting dogs with α-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, we never obtained a positive RT-qPCR for SARS-SoV-2, not even in dogs with severe pulmonary disease; suggesting that even in the case of canine infection, transmission would be unlikely. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33588991 | Here, we analyse how changes due to COVID-19 in terms of antimicrobial usage, infection prevention, and health systems affect the emergence, transmission, and burden of AMR. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33589119 | Timely diagnosis is essential for the containment of the disease and breaks in the chain of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). | 2021-02-16 |
| 33589192 | In the absence of effective treatment or vaccine, the current strategy for the prevention of further transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is early diagnosis and isolation of cases. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33589506 | There is a paucity of guidance in regards to proper infection control measures to protect the responders.This study describes a methodical approach to assessing vulnerabilities to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within existing code blue practices, modalities to limit the number of code blue team responders and modifications to the protocol at a large community teaching hospital. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33589869 | Community and individual-engaged precautions are recommended to stop or slow environmentally-mediated transmission. […] The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public than airborne and solid waste mediated spreading routes. […] Such risk communication asymmetry in waterborne transmission will be further enlarged in places with fragile water system. […] < 0.05) that causes the difference of awareness and precautions of the waterborne transmission among the respondents, according to the variance analysis results. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33591233 | The transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) by food was not confirmed until the present time. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33591607 | The aim of this review was to highlight the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the crosstalk with the gut microbiota, the fecal-oral route of virus transmission, and the potential interaction of the virus with the enteric nervous system. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33592408 | The endovascular-first policy should be endorsed in future pandemics as it is better at reducing aerosol transmission than standard surgical intervention. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33592610 | The risk of COVID-19 transmission during any endoscopic procedure was low in clinical practice. | 2021-02-16 |
| 33593112 | Dentists are healthcare professionals who are at high risk of infection and transmission of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). | 2021-02-17 |
| 33594076 | Through a stochastic age-structured transmission model calibrated to the observed epidemic in Île-de-France in the first wave, we explored scenarios of partial, progressive, or full school reopening. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33594623 | Our aim was to investigate distribution of novel Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in a German General Practice and to learn about possible predictive parameters regarding infection and pathways of transmission. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33594794 | The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoVs is the main determinant of cell entry and tropism and is responsible for facilitating zoonosis into humans and sustained person-to-person transmission. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33595464 | Chemical disinfection is one of the most common methods employed to decontaminate instruments and environmental surfaces and prevent transmission of infectious pathogens to patients through medical and surgical instruments. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33595510 | Cough is a less frequently known mode of transmission (28%), similarly handwashing as a less known for prevention (17.2%). | 2021-02-17 |
| 33595516 | Laser treatment for ROP under topical anesthesia can be considered as an aerosol-generating procedure due to crying that puts health care workers at high risk of COVID-19 transmission. […] Aerosol containment box (ACB) is known to minimize aerosol transmission and there are reports of ROP laser done through incubator. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33595732 | National and local recommendations to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission have been applied in a comprehensive cancer center located in Northern France. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33595844 | The consensus points towards a great confidence of clinicians in the biosecurity protocols used to minimize the risk of SARS COV-2 transmission. | 2021-02-17 |
| 33596516 | In addition, POCT devices also play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases by offering real-time testing and lab quality microbial diagnosis within minutes. | 2021-02-17 |