liver
Tissue Sentence Context
Table 1. Analysis of context sentence of liver tissue in 1121 abstracts.
| PMID | Senteces |
|---|---|
| 32062957 | Routine blood test revealed WBC <4.0×10(9)/L in 8 petients (26.67%) , (4-10) ×10(9)/L in 22 petients (73.33%) , and WBC>4.0×10(9)/L in 4 petients (13.33%) during the disease.Lymphocyte count <1.0×10(9)/L occurred in 12 petients (40%),abnormal liver function in 7 petients (23.33%) ,myocardial damage in 5 petients(16.67%), elevated D-dimer (>0.5mg/l) in 5 patients (16.67%). […] Compared with normal patients, the average exposure times, cumulative exposure time, BMI, Fever time, white blood cell count, liver enzyme, LDH, myoenzyme and D-dimer were significantly increased in severe patients, while the lymphocyte count and albumin levels in peripheral blood were significantly decreased.Chest CT mainly showed patchy shadows and interstitial changes.According to imaging examination, 11 patients (36.67%) showed Unilateral pneumonia and 19 patients (63.33%) showed bilateral pneumonia,4 patients (13.33%) showed bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity.Compared with the patients infected in the protected period, the proportion of severe infection and bilateral pneumonia were both increased in the patients infected in unprotected period. Conclusion: Medical staffs are at higher risk of infection.Infection rates are associated with contact time, the amount of suction virus. […] Severe patients had BMI increased, heating time prolonged , white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, D-dimer and albumin level significantly changed and were prone to be complicated with liver damage and myocardial damage.Strict protection measures is important to prevent infection for medical workers. 目的： 探讨医务人员新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）的临床特征。 |
| 32075364 | Some patients accompany with liver function damage in addition to the main typical respiratory symptom. […] Here we analyzed the clinical features, susceptible population, potential causes and therapeutic strategies of NCP related liver injury. |
| 32077659 | Objective: To explore and analyze the possible mechanism of liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (novel coronavirus pneumonia, NCP). Methods: The correlation between ALT, AST and other liver enzyme changes condition and NCP patients’ disease status reported in the literature was comprehensively analyzed. […] ACE2 expression in liver tissue for novel coronavirus was analyzed based on single cell sequencing (GSE115469) data. […] RNA-Seq method was used to analyze Ace2 expression and transcription factors related to its expression in liver tissues at various time-points after hepatectomy in mouse model of acute liver injury with partial hepatectomy. t-test or Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results: ALT and AST were abnormally elevated in some patients with novel coronavirus infection, and the rate and extent of ALT and AST elevation in severe NCP patients were higher than those in non-severe patients. […] Liver tissue results of single cell sequencing and immunohistochemistry showed that ACE2 was only expressed in bile duct epithelial cells of normal liver tissues, and very low in hepatocytes. […] In a mouse model of acute liver injury with partial hepatectomy, Ace2 expression was down-regulated on the first day, but it was elevated up to twice of the normal level on the third day, and returned to normal level on seventh day when the liver recovered and hepatocyte proliferation stopped. […] Whether this phenomenon suggests that the bile duct epithelial cells with positive expression of Ace2 participate in the process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy deserves further study. […] In RNA-Seq data, 77 transcription factors were positively correlated with the expression of ACE2 (r > 0.2, FDR < 0.05), which were mainly enriched in the development, differentiation, morphogenesis and cell proliferation of glandular epithelial cells. Conclusion: We assumed that in addition to the over activated inflammatory response in patients with NCP, the up-regulation of ACE2 expression in liver tissue caused by compensatory proliferation of hepatocytes derived from bile duct epithelial cells may also be the possible mechanism of liver tissue injury caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection. 目的： 探索和分析新型冠状病毒感染肺炎（NCP）患者发生肝损伤的可能机制。 |
| 32077660 | Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Methods: Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. […] ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) mmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. […] Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients. 目的： 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎病例的临床特征，初步探讨不同临床分型与肝功能损伤的关系。 |
| 32096367 | We also isolated alive viral strains from feces, indicating potential infectiousness of feces.Dynamic cytokine detection was necessary to timely identifyingcytokine storms and application of artificial liver blood purification system. […] The artificial liver blood purification system could rapidly remove inflammatory mediators and block cytokine storm.Moreover, it also favoredthe balance of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base and thus improved treatment efficacy in critical illness. |
| 32105632 | Most patients had organ function damage, including 35 (67%) with ARDS, 15 (29%) with acute kidney injury, 12 (23%) with cardiac injury, 15 (29%) with liver dysfunction, and one (2%) with pneumothorax. 37 (71%) patients required mechanical ventilation. |
| 32109279 | Only 3 patients (3.75%) showed liver dysfunction. […] The proportion of patients having liver dysfunction and abnormal CT imaging was relatively lower than that of Wuhan. |
| 32118389 | Elevation of C-reactive protein (10%, 3/30), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(19%,4/21), procalcitonin(4%,1/28), liver enzyme(22%, 6/27) and muscle enzyme (15%, 4/27) occurred in different proportions. |
| 32120458 | The observation indicators included total blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial blood gas analysis, myocardial injury markers, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, procalcitonin (PCT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), blood lipid, pulmonary CT and pathogen detection. Results: Compared with the general group, the lymphocyte count (0.74×10(9) (0.34×10(9), 0.94×10(9))/L vs. |
| 32125362 | Four of the 5 patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir developed nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea, and 3 developed abnormal liver function test results. |
| 32153170 | Objective: To understand the clinical characteristics, change of liver function, influencing factors and prognosis in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury. Methods: The general conditions, biochemical indicators of liver, blood clotting mechanism, routine blood test, UGT1A1 * 28 gene polymorphism and other data of 40 cases with COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of Tangdu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. […] The clinical characteristics, influencing factors and prognosis of liver injury in patients with liver injury group and those with normal liver function group were compared. […] Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the main influencing factors of liver injury. Results: Of the 40 cases, 25 were male (62.5%) and 15 were female (37.5%), aged 22 to 83 (53.87 ± 15.84) years. […] Liver injury was occurred in 22 cases (55%) during the course of the disease. […] Liver function injury was more likely to occur in patients who used many types of drugs and large amounts of hormones (P = 0.002, P = 0.031), and there was no correlation with the TA6TA7 mutation in the UGT1A1 * 28 gene locus. […] Multiple regression analysis showed that the occurrence of liver injury was only related to critical illness. […] The liver function of all patients had recovered within one week after conventional liver protection treatment. Conclusion: COVID-19 combined with liver function injury may be due to the slight elevation of transaminase, mostly around the second week of the disease course. […] Severe patients have a higher proportion of liver injury, and critical type is an independent risk factor for liver injury. 目的： 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）住院患者合并肝损伤的临床特点、肝功能变化、影响因素及预后。 |
| 32154135 | Among these 9 pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, onset of clinical symptoms occurred before delivery in 4 cases, on the day of delivery in 2 cases, and after delivery in 3 cases. […] Clinically, the first symptom in the neonates was shortness of breath (n=6), but other initial symptoms such as fever (n=2), thrombocytopenia accompanied by abnormal liver function (n=2), rapid heart rate (n=1), vomiting (n=1), and pneumothorax (n=1) were observed. […] Perinatal 2019-nCoV infection may have adverse effects on newborns, causing problems such as fetal distress, premature labor, respiratory distress, thrombocytopenia accompanied by abnormal liver function, and even death. |
| 32161968 | Liver function damage is more frequent in NCOVID-19 than NON-NCOVID-19 patients. |
| 32170806 | However, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. […] Similarly, previous studies have shown that liver damage was common in the patients infected by the other two highly pathogenic coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and associated with the severity of diseases. […] In this review, the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection were summarized, which may provide help for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. |
| 32172546 | Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics and the clinical significance of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (termed by WHO as corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19). Methods: Minimally invasive autopsies from lung, heart, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, thyroid and skin were performed on three patients died of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing, China. […] While the 2019-nCoV is mainly distributed in lung, the infection also involves in the damages of heart, vessels, liver, kidney and other organs. |
| 32188728 | We compared the pathogenesis of the DUBmut virus to the wild-type virus and found that the DUBmut-infected mice had a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in viral titer in livers and spleens at day 5 post-infection, albeit both wild-type and DUBmut virus infections resulted in similar liver pathology. |
| 32193831 | Laboratory findings revealed normal or increased whole blood counts (7/8), increased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase (6/8), and abnormal liver function (4/8). |
| 32196707 | The laboratory results showed that compared to the normal values, the patients’ lymphocytes were reduced (four [80%] patients), and liver functions alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (two [40%] patients and two [40%] patients) and C-reactive protein (four [80%] patients) were increased when admitted to hospital. […] The main complications for the patients were acute respiratory distress syndrome (one [20%] patients), acute liver injury (three [60%] patients), and diarrhea (two [40%] patients). |
| 32199615 | Although ACE2 is reported to be expressed in lung, liver, stomach, ileum, kidney and colon, its expressing levels are rather low, especially in the lung. […] Consistent with other recent reports, we confirmed that ACE2 was mainly expressed in lung AT2, liver cholangiocyte, colon colonocytes, esophagus keratinocytes, ileum ECs, rectum ECs, stomach epithelial cells, and kidney proximal tubules. |
| 32213556 | Among enrolled 651 patients, 74 (11.4%) presented with at least one GI symptom (nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea), average age of 46.14 years, 4-day incubation period and 10.8% had pre-existing liver disease. |
| 32219882 | To help understand the advantages and limitations of differential treatments, we provide a timely review and discuss the complications and corresponding major treatments, especially controversial ones such as antiviral therapy (remdesivir, ribavirin, and chloroquine), glucocorticoid therapy, extracorporeal support including an artificial liver system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation based on available evidence. |
| 32220017 | It may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and result in multiorgan dysfunction or death in some cases.(1,2) Here, we report the case of a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent liver transplantation and experienced COVID-19 infection during the perioperative period. |
| 32222119 | All pregnant women did not have an antepartum fever but developed a low-grade fever (37.5℃-38.5℃) within 24 hours after delivery. […] All patients had normal liver and renal function, two patients had elevated plasma levels of the myocardial enzyme. […] All labors smoothly processed, the Apgar scores were 10 points 1 and 5 minutes after delivery, no complications were observed in the newborn. […] It is probable that pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 have no fever before delivery. |
| 32233055 | Herein we provide the views of a liver transplant surgeon and transplant hepatologist in New York. |
| 32239591 | Limited data are available for liver function in COVID-19 patients. […] We aimed to investigate the risk factors related to liver injury in the COVID-19 patients. […] The clinical characteristics of patients with liver injury and without liver injury were compared. […] Males were more likely to have liver injury when infected with COVID-19 (P < .05); compared with patients without liver injury, patients with liver injury had increased levels of white blood cell counts, neutrophils, CRP and CT score (P < .05) and had a longer length of stay (P < .05). […] Logistic regression analyses suggested that the extent of pulmonary lesions on CT was a predictor of liver function damage (P < .05). […] Liver injury is common in non-ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patients. […] Intense monitoring and evaluation of liver function in patients with severe pulmonary imaging lesions should be considered. |
| 32239796 | The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of liver function and its clinical significance in COVID-19 patients. […] Liver function and related indexes were analyzed to evaluate its relationship with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. […] Part of the COVID-19 patients presented with varying degrees of abnormality in liver function indexes. […] Most of the liver function indexes in COVID-19 patients were correlated with CRP and NLR, the markers of inflammation. […] Although abnormalities of liver function indexes are common in COVID-19 patients, the impairment of liver function is not a prominent feature of COVID-19, and also may not have serious clinical consequences. |
| 32240670 | Common complications included bacterial infection (42.8%), liver enzyme abnormalities (28.7%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (21.0%). |
| 32243269 | Besides typical respiratory symptoms and signs of COVID-19, digestive symptoms and liver injury have been frequently reported during the course of the disease. […] In this review, we summarized the recent studies reporting of gastrointestinal and liver manifestations during the course of COVID-19. […] Attention should also be paid to monitor liver function during the course of COVID-19, especially in patients with higher disease severity. |
| 32243673 | Herein we presented the clinical course and outcome of a 50-year-old male post liver transplantation who contracted COVID-19, with subsequent infection of his wife. |
| 32247213 | Search terms were, COVID-19, treatment of coronavirus, COVID 19 and following terms; chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, cardiovascular disease, diarrhoea, liver, testis and gastrointestinal disease. |
| 32251805 | Multiple organ dysfunction can be observed, the most common organ damage was lung, followed by heart, kidney and liver. |
| 32253172 | While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, mounting evidence indicates that patients might also report extra-pulmonary manifestations, including those affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract. |
| 32267833 | The meta-analysis revealed no correlation between increased risk of COVID-19 and liver disease, malignancy, or renal disease. |
| 32270388 | The Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI) has come up with guidelines for transplant centres across the country to deal with liver transplantation during this evolving pandemic of COVID-19 infection. […] The guidelines are applicable to both deceased donor as well as living donor liver transplants. |
| 32270660 | Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and liver biochemical parameters of 324 cases admitted with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai area. Methods: Clinical data and baseline liver biochemical parameters of 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 20, 2020 to February 24, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. […] The differences in clinical data and baseline liver biochemical parameters of the two groups were described and compared. […] The enumeration data were expressed by frequency and rate, and chi-square test was used. Results: Of the 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia, 26 were severe cases (8%), with median onset of 5 days, 20 cases were HBsAg positive (6.2%), and 70 cases (21.6%) with fatty liver, diagnosed with X-ray computed tomography. […] 1.04, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The baseline liver biochemical parameters of 324 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai area was comparatively lower and the liverinjury degree was mild, and the bile duct cell damage was rare. 目的： 总结上海地区324例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者入院初肝脏生物化学指标的临床特点。 |
| 32274341 | Increasing evidence has witnessed the frequent incident liver injury in COVID-19 patients, and it is often manifested as transient elevation of serum aminotransferases; however, the patients seldom have liver failure and obvious intrahepatic cholestasis, unless pre-existing advanced liver disease was present. […] The underlying mechanisms of liver injury in cases of COVID-19 might include psychological stress, systemic inflammation response, drug toxicity, and progression of pre-existing liver diseases. […] However, there is insufficient evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infected hepatocytes or virus-related liver injury in COVID-19 at present. […] The clinical, pathological and laboratory characteristics as well as underlying pathophysiology and etiology of liver injury in COVID-19 remain largely unclear. […] In this review, we highlight these important issues based on the recent developments in the field, for optimizing the management and treatment of liver injury in Chinese patients with COVID-19. |
| 32274342 | Cases of liver damage or dysfunction (mainly characterized by moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels) have been reported among patients with COVID-19. […] However, it is currently uncertain whether the COVID-19-related liver damage/dysfunction is due mainly to the viral infection per se or other coexisting conditions, such as the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs and the coexistence of systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, and multiple organ dysfunction. […] Based on the current evidence from case reports and case series, this review article focuses on the demographic and clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and treatment options for COVID-19-related liver dysfunction. […] This review also describes the geographical and demographic distribution of COVID-19-related liver dysfunction, as well as possible underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, in order to facilitate future drug development, prevention, and control measures for COVID-19. |
| 32275784 | Presently, only about one half of acute care hospitalizations for cirrhosis-related complications result in inpatient specialty care and the current hepatology workforce cannot meet the demand of patients with liver disease nationwide, particularly in less densely populated areas and in community-based practices not affiliated with academic centers. […] Telemedicine, defined as the delivery of health care services at a distance using electronic means for diagnosis and treatment, holds tremendous promise to increase access to broadly specialty care. […] The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has, in the short-term, accelerated the growth of telemedicine delivery as a public health and social distancing measure. |
| 32277387 | Annually, around 850 liver transplantation is performed in Beijing, China. […] Liver transplant recipients, because of long-term oral immunosuppressant effects, may be more susceptible to 2019-nCoV infection and have a worse prognosis than the general population. […] It is urgent to set up guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients. […] In this article, we reviewed the clinical aspects of 2019-nCoV infection, characteristics of liver transplant recipients, immunosuppressant usage, and potential drug interactions to provide recommendations to clinical staff managing liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 epidemic. |
| 32277591 | Liver injury is common in patients with COVID-19, but little is known about its clinical presentation and severity in the context of liver transplantation. |
| 32278065 | ACE2 is expressed furthermore in the upper esophagus, liver, and colon. |
| 32279064 | Children with inflammatory bowel disease and post liver transplant patients do not have an increased risk of disease, and should remain on medications they are already on. […] Children with chronic liver disease should continue their medications as usual. |
| 32282972 | Following the December 2019 SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in China, France is now fifth in number of deaths worldwide while at the same time hosting one of the biggest European liver transplantation programs. |
| 32282982 | Complete suspension of live donor kidney transplantation was reported by 71.8% and live donor liver by 67.7%. […] While complete suspension of deceased donor transplantation was less frequent, some restrictions to deceased donor kidney transplantation were reported by 84.0% and deceased donor liver by 73.3%; more stringent restrictions were associated with higher regional incidence of COVID-19. |
| 32282986 | The first patient received liver transplantation due to hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and was confirmed to have COVID-19 nine days later. |
| 32283325 | Some patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have abnormal liver function. […] We aimed to clarify the features of COVID-19-related liver damage to provide references for clinical treatment. […] Patients were analyzed for clinical features, laboratory parameters (including liver function tests), medications, and length of hospital stay. […] Abnormal liver function was defined as increased levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. […] Fifty-five patients (37.2%) had abnormal liver function at hospital admission; 14.5% of these patients had high fever (14.5%), compared with 4.3% of patients with normal liver function (P=.027). […] Patients with abnormal liver function were more likely to be male, and had higher levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. […] There was no statistical difference between groups in medications taken before hospitalization; a significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function (57.8%) had received lopinavir/ritonavir after admission compared to patients with normal liver function (31.3%). […] Patients with abnormal liver function had longer mean hospital stays (15.09±4.79 days) than patients with normal liver function (12.76±4.14 days) (P=.021). […] More than one third of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection have abnormal liver function, and this is associated with longer hospital stay. […] A significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function had received lopinavir/ritonavir after admission; these drugs should be given with caution. |
| 32286245 | Biomarkers of inflammation, cardiac and muscle injury, liver and kidney function and coagulation measures were also significantly elevated in patients with both severe and fatal COVID-19. |
| 32287140 | Patients with digestive symptoms had higher mean liver enzyme levels, lower monocyte count, longer prothrombin time, and received more antimicrobial treatment than those without digestive symptoms. […] Moreover, these patients have a longer time from onset to admission, evidence of longer coagulation, and higher liver enzyme levels. |
| 32289115 | It remains unclear at this point to what extent chronic liver diseases should be considered as risk factors, due to a shortage of appropriate studies. […] However, patients with advanced liver disease and those after liver transplantation represent vulnerable patient cohorts with an increased risk of infection and/or a severe course of COVID-19. […] In addition, the current pandemic requires unusual allocation of healthcare resources which may negatively impact the care of patients with chronic liver disease that continue to require medical attention. |
| 32291399 | To gain knowledge about the pathology that may contribute to disease progression and fatality, we performed postmortem needle core biopsies of lung, liver, and heart in four patients who died of COVID-19 pneumonia. […] The liver exhibits mild lobular infiltration by small lymphocytes, and centrilobular sinusoidal dilation. […] Changes in the liver and heart are likely secondary or related to the underlying diseases. |
| 32293716 | About 37.2% of patients with elevated D-dimer, 25.9% of patients with leukopenia, along with abnormal levels of liver function (29%) and renal function (25.5%). |
| 32293741 | There were 91 death cases who developed different complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (73/91), myocardial injury (31/91), liver injury (15/91), renal insufficiency (14/91), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (14/91) and pneumothorax (1/91). […] The main complications of deceased patients with COVID-19 were ARDS, myocardial injury, liver injury, renal insufficiency and MODS. |
| 32294285 | The authors found that abnormalities of liver function tests are common in COVID-19 patients, but the clinically significant liver dysfunction in COVID-19 was not a prominent feature of this illness and also may not have serious clinical consequences. |
| 32295322 | The changes in peripheral blood cells were mainly lymphonpenia (83 cases, 55%) and eosinophilia (95 cases, 63%), The lymphocyte count of the severe and critically ill patients was more significantly reduced, and some patients had increased myocardial enzymes, mainly LDH (47 cases, 31%), and a few patients had liver function damage, mainly manifested in ALT and AST. |
| 32297089 | Patients on VKA hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 show high instability of PT INR due to the variability of vitamin K metabolism, diet, fasting, co-medications, liver impairment, and heart failure. |
| 32297985 | At discharge, 7/184 (4%) patients had a mild cough while their other symptoms had disappeared, and the proportion of patients with abnormal liver function and with increased leucocytes, neutrophils or erythrocyte sedimentation rate among the 184 patients were close to those at admission. |
| 32298273 | Meanwhile, ACE2 was also expressed in specific cell types of human fetal heart, liver and lung, but not in kidney. |
| 32298473 | The goals of this document are to provide data on what is currently known about COVID-19, and how it may impact hepatologists and liver transplant providers and their patients. […] Our aim is to provide a template for the development of clinical recommendations and policies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on liver patients and healthcare providers. |
| 32298767 | Recent data on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has begun to shine light on the impact of the disease on the liver. […] But no studies to date have systematically described liver test abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. […] We evaluated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in patients with abnormal liver test results. […] Information on clinical features of patients with abnormal liver tests were collected for analysis. […] Of 417 patients with COVID-19, 318 (76.3%) had abnormal liver test results and 90 (21.5%) had liver injury during hospitalization. […] The presence of abnormal liver tests became more pronounced during hospitalization within 2 weeks, with 49 (23.4%), 31 (14.8%), 24 (11.5%) and 51 (24.4%) patients having alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels elevated to more than 3× the upper limit of normal, respectively. […] Patients with abnormal liver tests of hepatocellular type or mixed type at admission had higher odds of progressing to severe disease (odds ratios [ORs] 2.73; 95% CI 1.19-6.3, and 4.44, 95% CI 1.93-10.23, respectively). […] The use of lopinavir/ritonavir was also found to lead to increased odds of liver injury (OR from 4.44 to 5.03, both p <0.01). […] Patients with abnormal liver tests were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease. […] The detrimental effects on liver injury mainly related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which should be monitored and evaluated frequently. […] Data on liver tests in patients with COVID-19 are scarce. […] We observed a high prevalence of liver test abnormalities and liver injury in 417 patients with COVID-19 admitted to our referral center, and the prevalence increased substantially during hospitalization. […] The presence of abnormal liver tests and liver injury were associated with the progression to severe pneumonia. […] The detrimental effects on liver injury were related to certain medications used during hospitalization, which warrants frequent monitoring and evaluation for these patients. |
| 32301155 | We report our preliminary experience with 18 SOT (kidney [44.4%], liver [33.3%], and heart [22.2%]) recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 by March 23, 2020 at a tertiary-care center at Madrid. |
| 32302212 | We present a case of COVID-19 hepatitis in a living donor liver allograft recipient whose donor subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. […] She recovered well, with improving liver function tests for 4 days. […] Liver function tests increased approximately 5-fold. […] Liver biopsy showed moderate acute hepatitis with prominent clusters of apoptotic hepatocytes and associated cellular debris. |
| 32302459 | The laboratory derangements may be reminiscent of HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) syndrome, and thus knowledge of the COVID-19 relationship is paramount for appropriate diagnosis and management. […] These investigations in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women are vital, as their derangement may signal a more severe COVID-19 infection, and may warrant pre-emptive admission and consideration of delivery to achieve maternal stabilization. |
| 32306657 | Heterogeneity between studies was significant; however, subgroup and sensitivity analysis had failed to identify clear sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Fever, cough and liver dysfunction are the main clinical manifestations of this disease and the mortality rate is low. 目的： 自2019年12月首次报道新型冠状病毒肺炎以来，该传染病已迅速发生于全国各地及海外多个国家。 |
| 32314698 | Considering the significantly increased use of HCQ during the COVID-19 pandemic, this case alerts us to the potential for HCQ to be associated with hepatotoxicity and the need to monitor liver function during HCQ therapy. |
| 32316719 | Real-time PCR was performed to quantify ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression in conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland, iris, lens, retina, lung, heart, kidney, and liver from male mice. |
| 32318325 | Among the 19 cases, there were 16 (84.2%) cases in which the total number of lymphocytes decreased, 12 cases (63%) had reduced liver function, and 11 cases (58%) had deviant results for fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer, in particular, the D-dimer level was significantly higher in the non-survivors compared with the survivors. |
| 32324898 | Our results showed that the prevalence of ADRs was 37.8% in the patients, which was predominated by drug-induced gastrointestinal disorders and liver system disorders (23.0% vs. |
| 32327904 | Mild to moderate elevation of the liver enzymes are also common, although no case of acute liver failure has been reported so far. […] Many of the medications used for treatment of COVID-19 can also be associated with GI symptoms or liver injury and can be included in the differential diagnosis in these patients. |
| 32329563 | At present, there is scarce information regarding the global prevalence of chronic liver disease in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, which is becoming a global pandemic. […] The aim of this study was to assess the overall prevalence of chronic liver disease among patients with COVID-19 disease by meta-analysing data in observational studies and to investigate the relationship between liver damage and COVID-19 disease. […] The overall prevalence of chronic liver disease at baseline was 3% (95% CI 2%-4%; I2 = 29.1%). […] Individuals with severe COVID-19 disease had relevant alterations of liver enzymes and coagulative profile, probably due to the innate immune response against the virus. […] Further studies are needed to better investigate the causes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 disease and the effect of treatment for COVID-19 on the liver. |
| 32329589 | Some of the patients may have long-term impairment and dysfunctions, including pulmonary fibrosis, heart, liver, kidney, nerve and immune system. |
| 32330343 | Forty-six were kidney recipients, 17 lung, 13 liver, 9 heart, and 5 dual-organ transplants. |
| 32330351 | In January 2020, Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in a global pandemic, creating uncertainty toward the management of liver transplantation (LT) programs. […] There has been a drastic decrease in liver donors. |
| 32330356 | We report four cases of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients including recipients of kidney, liver, lung, and heart transplants. |
| 32333581 | In the stage of an imminent organ failure with significantly reduced kidney and liver function, CEUS can be used to show a narrowing of the organ-supplying arteries, as well as a delayed capillary filling of vessels near the capsule, a regional reduced parenchymal perfusion or an inflammatory hyperemia with capillary hypercirculation. |
| 32335426 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious, mainly causing inflammatory lesions in the lungs, and can also cause damage to the intestine and liver. |
| 32336007 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), is a serine exopeptidase expressed ubiquitously in several tissues, including but not limited to lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells. |
| 32338017 | The gastrointestinal tract and the liver are affected by SARS-CoV-2, especially in patients with immunosuppressive therapies. […] Patients with liver transplantation should be followed closely. |
| 32338224 | Of note, CD209L or liver/lymph node special intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (SIGN) and dendritic cell (DC)-SIGN are alternative receptors for SARS-CoV but with lower affinity [7]. […] In all these experimental models, RES led to an increase of ACE2 with reduction of organ damage, such as liver steatosis and aorta media thickness and decrease of adipose tissue mass, respectively. |
| 32341229 | Many countries, including SA, have imposed major restrictions on travel, and everyday life, and the implications of these necessary changes are being felt in liver transplant (LT) centers in SA. […] Therefore, the Saudi Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Transplantation (SASLT) established an urgent task force to launch a statement that can be utilized by LT centers as a guidance in the management of patients with advanced liver disease from the time of LT listing to the post-operative care of transplanted patients. |
| 32341519 | Moreover, kidney injury was the second-most common organ affected by COVID-19 followed by heart and liver. |
| 32345072 | COVID-19 patients with heart, liver and kidneycomorbidity, compared to patients without related comorbidities, were more likely to have cardiac injuries [9.1%(3/33) vs 2.2%(4/179), P = 0.043], liver injuries [13.0%(3/23) vs 3.2%(6/189), P = 0.027], kidney injury [54.5%(6/11) vs 2.0%(4/201), P < 0.001], and higher risk of mortality [Heart-comorbidity: 6.1%(2/33) vs 0.6%(1/179), P = 0.014; Liver-comorbidity: 8.7%(2/23) vs 0.5%(1/189), P = 0.002; Kidney-comorbidity: 27.3%(3/11) vs 1.0%(2/201), P < 0.001. […] Mortality was higher in patients with more severe Grade of organ injuries [Heart-injury: P = 0.044; Liver-injury: P = 0.020; Kidney-injury: P = 0.030].Conclusion: Male, older, co-existing of heart, liver, and kidney comorbidities, especially those with severe Grade organ injuries, had a poor prognosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32345226 | Importantly, we found liver, kidney, digestive tract, and heart injuries in COVID-19 cases besides respiratory problems. |
| 32345362 | ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs, colon, liver, bladder, and adrenal gland. |
| 32348050 | The current epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection poses new challenges in the management of patients with gastrointestinal or liver disease. |
| 32349198 | In this paper, we aim to provide professional guidance to clinicians who are managing patients with chronic liver disease during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore. […] We reviewed and summarised the available relevant published data on liver disease in COVID-19 and the advisory statements that were issued by major professional bodies, such as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and European Association for the Study of the Liver, contextualising the recommendations to our local situation. |
| 32352224 | Zhang et al. showed that COVID-19 affected patients’ present liver biochemistry abnormalities, including elevation of aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase 1 . […] Hence, several possible clinical scenarios in the setting of liver diseases have been postulated. […] First, patients with chronic liver disease may be more vulnerable to the severe clinical consequences of COVID-19, including oxygen desaturation and hypoxemia due to severe pneumonia or the cytokine storm 1;2 . […] Second, liver biochemistry abnormalities are the consequence of drug toxicity. |
| 32354369 | Other medication was also given to him in combination for anti-inflammation, intestinal microbial regulation, phlegm elimination, liver protection and pulmonary fibrosis prevention purposes. |
| 32356641 | Gastroenterologists and members of other medical specialties should also remember that the current epidemiological situation has changed diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms in the management of several gastrointestinal and liver disorders. |
| 32359177 | We reported the distributional and temporal patterns of liver injury indicators in these patients and determined their associated factors and death risk. […] Longitudinal liver function tests were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the risk factors and death. […] Liver injury dynamic patterns differed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL). […] AST abnormality was associated with the highest mortality risk compared to other indicators of liver injury during hospitalization. […] Common factors associated with elevated liver injury indicators were lymphocyte count decrease, neutrophil count increase, and male gender. […] CONCLUSION: The dynamic patterns of liver injury indicators and their potential risk factors may provide an important explanation for the COVID-19-associated liver injury. […] Because elevated liver injury indicators, particularly AST, are strongly associated with the mortality risk, our study indicates that these parameters should be monitored during hospitalization. |
| 32359188 | During the coronavirus outbreak in China, our center performed 16 organ transplants (10 kidney, 4 liver and 2 lung transplants, from January 24 to March 11, 2020) harvested from deceased donors. […] Our approaches aiming to interrupt the spread of coronavirus within the transplantation wards were successful and allowed us to maintain the transplantation program for deceased liver, kidney and lung recipients. |
| 32359210 | We report the clinical course and management of a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis, who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and despite completing a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine, later developed marked inflammatory manifestations with rapid improvement after administration of off-label, single-dose tocilizumab. |
| 32360055 | This document, written by the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF) board, aims to provide information to physicians involved in the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. |
| 32360479 | After CVVHDF, not only cytokines were reduced, but also liver function and cardiac function significantly improved. |
| 32361911 | Being infected by SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to multiple organs in patients, such as the lung, liver and heart. |
| 32362392 | Liver and kidney insufficiency was seen in 5 and 6 recipients, respectively. |
| 32362732 | Although it mainly causes respiratory symptoms, respiratory failure and death due to multiorgan failure, there is evolving evidence to suggest gastrointestinal (GI) and liver involvement by this virus. […] Owing to this, health-care professionals taking care of GI and liver diseases are also at an increased risk of getting exposed. […] Hence, there is a need for protocols to be prepared to guide the handling of COVID-19 patients by the GI and liver specialists, as well as to manage the pre-existing GI and liver diseases during the ongoing pandemic. […] We present here the guidelines prepared jointly by the three Indian professional bodies in the field of GI diseases, namely the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver. |
| 32364677 | A liver and kidney transplant patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without respiratory failure was treated in a clinical multimodal strategy consisting of symptomatic support therapy, immunosuppression reduction, use of anti-coronavirus drugs and heparin leading to a progressive improvement of patient symptoms till discharge. |
| 32367837 | In addition, some patients were reported to have liver injury. […] In this article, we review gastrointestinal and liver aspects of COVID-19. […] In addition, we provide general gastroenterologists with guidance on the management of patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders from COVID-19. |
| 32368531 | To penetrate the body, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 uses ACE2 receptors, which are present not only in respiratory epithelium but also in gastrointestinal mucosa and liver cholangiocytes. […] The liver damage seems to show a multifactorial origin. […] In 14%-53% of COVID-19 cases, there is an alteration of the indices of liver cytolysis and is more frequently observed in severe forms of COVID-19, especially during hospitalization. |
| 32369204 | In addition, the pre-existing chronic liver disease exacerbated during COVID-19, and COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory reactions may contribute to liver injury as well. |
| 32369209 | Complications were observed in 29(55.8%) patients, such as liver injury (19, 36.5%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (9, 17.3%), sepsis (8, 15.4%), myocardial injury (8, 15.4%), renal insufficiency (4, 7.7%), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (3, 5.8%).11(21.2%) cancer patients died. |
| 32369251 | The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been devastating to health care delivery in many parts of the US and has had a significant impact on organ transplantation. […] With shelter-in-place orders, outpatient clinics transitioned to telemedicine, and the threat of hospitals being overrun with COVID-19 patients, liver transplant programs have been faced with the challenge of balancing patient and staff safety while operating in a resource limited environment. |
| 32369624 | Relevant to liver disease, patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) may be amongst the populations that are the most severely impacted. […] The reasons for this include being at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection due to a depressed immune system and high-risk underlying comorbidities, the injurious effect of COVID-19 on the liver, the inability to attend regular visits with providers, diversion of hospital resources, and social isolation leading to psychological decompensation and increased drinking or relapse. […] Liver transplantation (LT) centers should adapt to the pandemic by considering leniency to some LT candidates with ALD who cannot access appropriate alcohol treatment due to the current situation. |
| 32369658 | Elevated liver enzymes have been reported during the course of disease and appear to be common. […] We present a 56-year-old woman with a history of decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis who presented with abdominal pain, fever and diarrhoea and was found to have acute on chronic liver failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32371463 | Lymphopaenia was observed in about 47.6% of the infected patients, along with abnormal levels of myocardial enzymes (49.4%) and liver function (26.4%). |
| 32374815 | In all patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the lung at high concentrations; viremia in 6 of 10 and 5 of 12 patients demonstrated high viral RNA titers in the liver, kidney, or heart. |
| 32377638 | Specifically, preexisting chronic conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19; surprisingly, however, we found no correlation between chronic liver disease and increased disease severity. |
| 32378325 | Liver Transplant Programs in Italy have faced a sequela of management and clinical decision-making problems due to the high incidence in some regions of the country of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). […] The Italian Society for Organ Transplantation (SITO) and the Board of Liver Transplant Program Directors issued a survey to assess the initial impact of this pandemic event on the routine activity of 22 Italian Liver Transplant Programs. […] Transplant Programs reduced their outpatient activity both in terms of pre-transplant evaluation (68% of the centers) and transplant recipient follow-up (100%); a reduction in transplant activity was observed in the first two weeks of March only in the north-central macro area (23 LTs vs 39 in 2018 and 60 in 2019); overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection was registered for 24 liver transplant recipients and 37 health care providers in liver transplant units. […] In the perspective of the increasing magnitude of the epidemic, more data will be required to define appropriate strategies for the increasingly complex management of liver transplant patients. |
| 32380209 | The isolate I0305/19 exhibited broader tropisms in different tissues, including tracheas, lungs, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidneys, proventriculus, small intestines, large intestines, cecum, and cecal tonsils. |
| 32382358 | We discuss the potential contribution of two traditional oral antidiabetic agents, metformin and pioglitazone, to the improvement of liver injury in COVID-19. |
| 32386019 | Laboratory examination showed no abnormality in all the patients except for slight increase in CRP in 2 patients and mild abnormal liver function index in 1 patient. |
| 32386444 | During COVID-19 outbreak, we have to deal with the post-immunosuppression COVID-19 increased risk, a burden less prominent in the case of liver and heart transplant candidates, who eventually will die if not transplanted. |
| 32386449 | However, liver damage has also been considered to occur in severe cases. […] Current meta-analysis of retrospective studies was done to summarize available findings on the association between liver injury and severity of COVID-19 infection. […] The incidence of liver injury, as assessed by serum analysis (AST, ALT, total Bilirubin and Albumin levels), seems to be higher in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. |
| 32390091 | The main clinical symptom of the patients were fever, sore throat and cough, which accounted for 146 cases (75.26%), 98 (50.52%) and 86 cases (44.33%), respectively. 30 patients (15.46%) showed liver dysfunction. |
| 32391658 | We also isolated alive viral strains from feces, indicating potential infectiousness of feces.Dynamic cytokine detection was necessary to timely identifying cytokine storms and application of artificial liver blood purification system. […] The artificial liver blood purification system could rapidly remove inflammatory mediators and block cytokine storm.Moreover, it also favored the balance of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base and thus improved treatment efficacy in critical illness. |
| 32391667 | Four cases (26.7%) of the HCQ group and 3 cases (20%) of the control group had transient diarrhea and abnormal liver function (P>0.05). |
| 32391742 | Of right upper quadrant ultrasounds, 87% (32 of 37) were performed for liver laboratory findings, and 54% (20 of 37) demonstrated a dilated sludge-filled gallbladder suggestive of cholestasis. |
| 32391936 | As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new, emerging infectious disease, guidance or consensus on liver injury are lacking2 . […] The definition of COVID-19 associated liver injury in our manuscript was as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or bilirubin above the upper limit of normal (ULN), which were 50 U/L, 40 U/L, and 26 μmol/l respectively. […] The abnormal test results of ALT, AST and total bilirubin at baseline data were defined as liver injury in our manuscript. |
| 32395525 | In addition, we found that ACE2 was both differential expression and related to the prognosis only in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). |
| 32396947 | Pregnant women with suspected hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and signs and symptoms associated with the severe end of the disease spectrum (e.g., headaches, visual symptoms, epigastric pain, and pulmonary edema) should have an evaluation including complete blood count, serum creatinine level, and liver transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). […] Current guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) for management of preeclampsia with severe features suggest delivery after 34 0/7 weeks of gestation. […] With the outbreak of COVID-19, however, adjustments to this algorithm should be considered including delivery by 30 0/7 weeks of gestation in the setting of preeclampsia with severe features. […] · Earlier delivery suggested with COVID-19 and hypertensive disorder.. |
| 32397011 | Among 465 COVID-19 patients, median age was 45 years, while hypertension, diabetes, and chronic liver disease were the most common comorbidities. |
| 32400013 | Herein, we present the case of a patient who underwent ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation without knowing that the liver donor was infected with COVID-19 during the donation procedure. […] In this case, the donor-derived transmission to the recipient was not identified, and the liver donor was found to be recovering from a COVID-19 infection. |
| 32400017 | For those who work in the field of islet transplantation, the micro vascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thrombo-inflammatory syndrome (recently referred to as MicroCLOTS) is familiar, as one cannot fail to recognize the presence of similarities with the instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) occurring in the liver hours and days after islet infusion. |
| 32400087 | Taken together, these data provide little evidence to suggest the presence of intact transmissible SARS-CoV in organs that can potentially be transplanted, specifically liver and heart. […] We conclude that, for selected patients with high waitlist mortality, transplant programs should consider accepting heart or liver transplants from deceased donors with SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32400965 | Notably, the elderly SOT patients commonly suffer from liver and kidney dysfunction of varying degrees, resulting in worse drug metabolism. |
| 32402090 | Liver impairment has been frequently reported as a common manifestation, although its clinical significance is still unclear, particularly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD). […] To summarize the changes in liver function tests during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of COVID-19 in patients with underlying CLD. […] A literature review using online database Pubmed was done using the search terms “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “liver”, “cirrhosis” and “liver transplantation”. […] COVID-19 is frequently associated with different degrees of abnormal liver function tests, most notably transaminases, which are usually transitory and of mild degree. […] Available evidence suggests that liver injury may result from direct pathogenic effect by the virus, systemic inflammation or toxicity from commonly used drugs in this subset of patients. […] SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is associated with minimal or no increase in liver enzymes, thus the presence of abnormal liver function tests should trigger evaluation for underlying liver diseases. […] Although it seems that patients with CLD are not at greater risk for acquiring the infection, those with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases or liver transplant may have a greater risk for severe COVID-19. […] Abnormal liver function tests during the course of COVID-19 are common, though clinically significant liver injury is rare. […] Further research is needed focusing on the effect of existing liver-related comorbidities on treatment and outcome of COVID-19. |
| 32402433 | We present the case of a 55-month-old girl who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection 5 months after undergoing liver transplantation; she had a co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). […] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a COVID-19 infection in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. […] On the basis of this case, we suggest that liver transplantation is not associated with COVID-19 symptom severity and development. |
| 32402766 | Concretely, this relates to (a) the inconsistent individual bioavailability of these drugs at the alveolar target cells, depending on intestinal resorption, hepatic first-pass metabolism and accumulation in liver, spleen and lung, and (b) the need for a relatively high concentration of 1-5 µM at the alveolar surface. |
| 32403255 | The mechanism of liver injury is poorly understood and may result as a consequence of viral hepatitis, systemic inflammatory response, gut barrier and microbiome alterations, intensive care treatment or drug toxicity. […] The incidence of hepatopathy among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear, but studies have reported liver injury in patients with SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). […] A systematic literature search (PubMed/Embase/Cinahl/Web of Science) according to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted from database inception until 17/03/2020 for studies that evaluated the incidence of hepatic abnormalities in SARS CoV-1, SARS CoV-2 and MERS infected patients with reported liver-related parameters. […] Liver anomalies were predominantly mild to moderately elevated transaminases, hypoalbuminemia and prolongation of prothrombin time. […] More studies to elucidate the mechanism and importance of liver injury on the clinical course and prognosis in patients with novel SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted. |
| 32405183 | The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV,-2 has continued to progress, and increasing information is becoming available about the incidence of digestive symptoms as well as abnormal liver-associated enzymes in patients who are infected. […] Liver-related transaminases are elevated in a substantial proportion of patients, although generally only mildly elevated. […] Currently there is no firm evidence to suggest that severity of digestive symptoms corresponds to severity of COVID-19 clinical course, however, more severe alterations in liver enzymes may correlate with worse clinical course. […] Given use of antiviral and antibacterial agents in sicker patients, drug-induced liver injury cannot be ruled out either in these cases. |
| 32405603 | The prevalence and prognosis of digestive system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, in patients with COVID-19 remains largely unknown. […] Extracted data included author; date; study design; country; patient demographics; number of participants in severe and non-severe disease groups; prevalence of clinical gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and belching; and digestive system comorbidities including liver disease and gastrointestinal diseases. […] The pooled prevalence of abnormal liver functions (12 studies, n=1267) was 19% (9-32; range 1-53; I2=96%). […] Subgroup analysis showed patients with severe COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1·60 [95% CI 1·09-2·36]; p=0·0020; I2=44%) and liver injury (2·20 [1·60-3·02]; p<0·00001; I2=36%) compared with those with non-severe disease. […] Patients in Hubei province, where the initial COVID-19 outbreak occurred, were more likely to present with abnormal liver functions (p<0·0001) compared with those outside of Hubei. […] Our study showed that digestive symptoms and liver injury are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32405974 | COVID-19 can cause multiple organ dysfunction, such as respiratory and circulatory failure, liver and kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboembolism, and even death. |
| 32406594 | Group 2 patients have higher levels of LDH, prevalence of liver dysfunction and increased IL-8 than those in group 1, a higher prevalence of increased IL-8 was found in group 2 than in group 3 (P < 0.05 for all). |
| 32406952 | Most of the literature show that the elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 are of little clinical significance. |
| 32407552 | Some authors have reported the presence of cutaneous lesions related to new COronaVirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, in up to 20.4% of the cases; however, these lesions are not well characterized either clinically or histopathologically.1 Recently, it has been highlighted the finding of congested and edematous blood vessels in the alveolar septum along with hyaline thrombi, and also in the heart, liver and kidney of autopsies of 3 patients deceased due to severe infection by SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32407808 | Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. […] The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. […] The pooled prevalence of elevated liver abnormalities was: AST 15.0% (13.6 to 16.5) and ALT 15.0% (13.6 to 16.4). […] When analyzed comparing data from China to studies from countries other than China, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (16.6 to 20.1). […] We also summarized of the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID19 CONCLUSIONS: GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in less than 10% of patients. |
| 32409502 | Compared with normal weight patients, those who were overweight had 1.84-fold odds of developing severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.84, 95% CI 0.99-3.43, P = 0.05), while those who were obese were at 3.40-fold odds of developing severe disease (OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.40-2.86, P = 0.007), after adjusting for age, sex, epidemiological characteristics, days from disease onset to hospitalization, presence of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease and cancer, and drug used for treatment. |
| 32410141 | Immunohistochemistry expression profiles in normal tissues and cancer tissues and TCGA survival analysis in renal and liver cancer were conducted. […] On the other side, high expression of ACE2 was correlated with increased survival rate in renal and liver cancer, indicating that ACE2 is a prognostic marker in both renal cancer and liver cancers. |
| 32410319 | Emerging evidence and past experience from other coronaviruses suggests that people with underlying liver disease including viral hepatitis could be at risk of disease severity and mortality. |
| 32412159 | Overall, 21 patients were included with a median age of 56 years (10 kidney, 5 liver, 1 pancreas, 1 lung, 1 heart and 3 combined transplantations). |
| 32415860 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of patients on presentation. […] To date, data are limited regarding the trend of liver biochemistries over the course of illness. […] We aimed to evaluate the trend, etiology, and outcomes associated with liver biochemistries in COVID-19. […] Of 60 patients, 41 (69%) had at least one abnormal liver biochemistry on admission. […] Statin use was common prior to (40%) and during admission (80%) at our center, with no difference in peak liver biochemistries between users and non-users. […] No demographic or comorbid illness was associated with liver injury. |
| 32416412 | I hypothesized that the damage induced by free DNA is a reason for severe COVID-19, which can explain many symptoms of this disease, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscus plug, acute injuries of heart, liver and kidney, and some special symptoms of COVID-19. |
| 32416633 | As COVID-19 the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to have a profound impact on global health, there have been a number of guidelines recently published addressing the management of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic including the recently published EASL-ESCMID Position Paper, guidelines issued by the International Liver Cancer Association and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (1-3). […] All publications present a sound discussion regarding the challenges face by both patients and clinicians alike in the management of chronic liver disease in the setting of this ongoing pandemic. |
| 32418190 | Three patients showed biochemical signs of liver injury. |
| 32418532 | COVID-19 Disorders: ‘Renin-Angiotensin’ System (RAS) & Counter-regulatory RAS In the RAS pathway [1, 15], Renin (kidney) cleaves Angiotensinogen (liver) to give Angiotensin I (i.e. peptide DRVYIHPFHL). |
| 32418852 | Our study aimed to evaluate the association of liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) with the progression of COVID-19. […] A comprehensive search was performed on the PubMed to identify eligible studies that summarized the liver injury and GIS in COVID-19. […] Up to 53% patients had liver dysfunctions and the degree of liver damage was associated the severity of the disease. […] Gastroenterologists should pay more attention to the liver injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 during the course of infection. |
| 32420939 | We finally considered timing and selection of treatment, which depend on the disease phase, co-administration of other drugs and require the monitoring of renal, liver and cardiac function. |
| 32420949 | Up to now, there is no yet literature on the subject, but, like in general population, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, reduced kidney and/or liver function, worsen the effects of the infection. |
| 32421292 | The comorbid medical illnesses identified as risk factors are preexisting respiratory and cardiovascular disease, immunocompromised status, morbid obesity (ie, body mass index ≥40), diabetes mellitus, and possibly significant kidney or liver impairment. |
| 32421703 | The individualized prediction nomogram included seven predictors: body temperature at admission, cough, dyspnea, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. |
| 32422076 | Other changes in the liver included hepatic steatosis, portal fibrosis, lymphocytic infiltrates and ductular proliferation, lobular cholestasis, and acute liver cell necrosis, together with central vein thrombosis. |
| 32422983 | The most common reported complications were: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury, cardiac injury, liver insufficiency, and septic shock. |
| 32425338 | Renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal complications, liver dysfunction, cardiac manifestations, mediastinal findings, neurological abnormalities, and hematological manifestations are among the reported extrapulmonary features. |
| 32425991 | Information regarding to the how the infection affects the liver and relevance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for acquiring the infection or having a severe disease are still scarce. […] Also, considerations to be considered in liver transplant patients or those having hepatocellular carcinoma or are under immunosuppressive therapy are being matter of analysis as information is being generated. […] In the present review we discuss current data on the COVID-19 and liver aiming to provide hepatologists with updated information to face this pandemic. |
| 32429004 | Two weeks after donation, COVID-19 screenings of the liver recipient and medical staffs present negative. |
| 32429038 | The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients with underlying kidney and liver diseases. […] The data on two comorbidities, liver diseases and chronic kidney disease, were pooled and statistically analysed to explain the associated severity and mortality rate. […] The prevalence of liver diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were 3% (95% CI; 2-3%) and 1% (95% CI; 1-2%), respectively. […] In patients with COVID-19 and underlying liver diseases, 57.33% (43/75) of cases were severe, with 17.65% mortality, while in CKD patients, 83.93% (47/56) of cases were severe and 53.33% (8/15) mortality was reported. […] This study found an increased risk of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients with liver diseases or CKD. |
| 32429249 | This is a subjective analysis of literature concerning specific topics raised in our daily practice (e.g., clinical features of COVID-19 patients; ventilation of the critically ill COVID-19 patient; diagnostic of infection with SARS-CoV-2; stability of the virus; Covid-19 in specific patient populations, e.g., paediatrics, immunosuppressed patients, patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver disease; co-medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); antiviral treatment) and we believe that these answers help colleagues in clinical decision-making. |
| 32436017 | During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, therapeutic strategies must be adapted for liver cancer patients balancing the benefit of surgical resection against the risk of contamination incurred by the patient. […] The impact of COVID-19 in liver cancer patients who undergo surgery is still unclear due to the scarcity of available data. |
| 32436105 | Liver enzyme alteration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) elevation were registered in all cases. […] In our series, stroke developed mostly in patients with severe pneumonia and multiorgan failure, liver enzymes and LDH were markedly increased in all cases, and the outcome was poor. |
| 32436622 | We investigated the association of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to COVID-19 severity in non-diabetic patients. […] Health care professionals caring for non-diabetic patients with COVID-19 should be cognizant of the increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. |
| 32437004 | COVID-19 is highly contagious and has a variety of clinical manifestations, it can affect a number of other organs in addition to the lungs, and liver injury may occur. […] SARS-CoV-2 can cause liver injury through systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), cytokine storms, ischemia-reperfusion injury, side effects of treatment drugs, and underlying liver disease and can attack liver cells directly via ACE2. […] Clinical studies have found that liver injury in COVID-19 patients mainly manifests as abnormal liver biochemical indicators, but there have been no reports of liver failure caused by this disease. […] The number of COVID-19 patients with liver injury is increasing, and the incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients with severe disease are higher than in patients with mild disease. […] Liver injury may be a risk factor for progresses and worsens in patients with COVID-19, and it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of liver injury in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. |
| 32437017 | Three patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, liver diseases or diabetes developed severe illness. |
| 32437706 | Subsequently, type I respiratory failure was diagnosed, coinciding with kidney injury, and subsequently, type II respiratory failure occurred, coupled with multiorgan failure including the heart and liver. |
| 32437830 | Liver enzyme abnormality is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Whether or not SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to liver damage per se remains unknown. […] Here we reported the clinical characteristics and liver pathological manifestations of COVID-19 patients with liver enzyme abnormality. […] Postmortem liver biopsies were obtained from two cases who had elevated aminotransferase. […] We investigated the patterns of liver impairment by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and pathological studies. 64 of 156 (41.0%) COVID-19 patients had elevated aminotransferase. […] The liver enzyme abnormality was associated with disease severity, as well as a series of laboratory tests including higher A-aDO2, higher GGT, lower albumin, decreased CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes. […] SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver is a crucial cause of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients. […] Hence, a surveillance of viral clearance in liver and long outcome of COVID-19 is required. |
| 32438330 | This clinical protocol has not proven sufficient to save the lives of COVID-19 patients suffering from diabetes or having underlying liver diseases; hence there is utmost need to tackle this situation by other means such as Convalescent Plasma (CP) therapy. […] The patients suffering from diabetes or liver dysfunction or any other underlying diseases are at greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] The CP therapy can be a possible life saving alternative to treat critical COVID-19 patients having diabetes or underlying liver dysfunction. |
| 32438331 | The other two important physiological links between diabetes and COVID-19 are liver dysfunction and chronic systemic inflammation. |
| 32438464 | During the COVID-19 pandemic, transplant recipients have been recognized as more susceptible to infection, to have greater severity of disease, and prolonged shedding of this highly transmissible virus.1 However, there is limited information on the impact of COVID-19 in liver transplant (LT) recipients. |
| 32439197 | Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock, and multiorgan failure have precipitated death. |
| 32439209 | Of note is that liver function tests including AST, ALT, GGT and LDH were elevated, and albumin was decreased. |
| 32439237 | Liver transplantation is considered the ultimate solution for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease or acute liver failure. […] Patients with liver transplant need special care starting from preoperative preparation, surgical intervention ending with postoperative care. […] Such a state of immune suppression could predispose to different types of infections in liver transplant recipients. […] Certain infection control precautions are needed to protect immunocompromised and vulnerable patients, including liver transplant candidates and recipients from acquiring COVID-19 infection. […] Management of immunosuppressive therapy and drug-drug interactions in liver transplant recipients infected with COVID-19 should be cautiously practiced to prevent rejection and effectively treat the underlying infection. […] In this report, we are trying to summarize available evidence about different aspects of the management of liver transplant candidates and recipients in the era of COVID-19. |
| 32443177 | We used MIA-US for tissue sampling of lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, brain, skin, skeletal muscle and testis for histology and RT-PCR to detect SARS-COV-2-RNA. […] Small thrombi were less frequently observed in glomeruli, spleen, heart, dermis, testis, and liver sinusoids. |
| 32443345 | Liver dysfunction, myocardial injury, and coagulation disorder were suggested by laboratory findings. |
| 32444460 | Increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities including chronic cardiac disease, non-asthmatic chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease and obesity were associated with higher mortality in hospital. |
| 32445489 | In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to find the association between liver injuries and the severity of COVID-19 disease. […] Liver dysfunction was associated with a severe outcome of COVID-19 disease. […] Close monitoring of the occurrence of liver dysfunction is beneficial in early warning of unfavorable outcomes. |
| 32447629 | Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has been proposed as an alternative to NSAIDs but there are issues with liver toxicity at high doses. |
| 32447721 | In order to enhance scientific information interflow in the arena of liver diseases in Asia-Pacific region during this difficult time, Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has taken the initiative to form the APASL COVID-19 Taskforce to formulate a clinical practice guidance in Hepatology, liver-related oncology, transplantation and conduct of clinical trials. […] Based on scientific data and experiences, recommendations were made in the management of liver injury, liver transplantation, autoimmune diseases, chronic liver diseases, delivery of elective and emergency services and conduct of clinical trials. |
| 32448405 | The majority of patients had lymphopenia, elevated liver function tests and C-reactive protein. |
| 32449224 | The combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs is not recommended and the risk of drug-induced liver injury should be monitored. |
| 32450165 | It is associated with the other organ damage such as cardiovascular risk via an increased level of hypertension through ACE2, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risks such as chemosis, conjunctivitis, and conjunctival hyperemia, cancer risk, venous thromboembolism, tuberculosis, aging, and cardiovascular dysfunction and reproductive risk. |
| 32450787 | Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience various degrees of liver function abnormalities. […] Liver injury requires extensive work-up and continuous surveillance and can be multifactorial and heterogeneous in nature. […] In the context of COVID-19, clinicians will have to determine whether liver injury is related to an underlying liver disease, drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19, direct effect of the virus, or a complicated disease course. […] Recent studies proposed several theories on potential mechanisms of liver injury in these patients. |
| 32451362 | Patients with CVD were also more likely to develop liver function abnormality, elevated blood creatinine and lactic dehydrogenase (p<0.05). |
| 32452979 | Despite inpatient treatment for COVID-19 and a perianal abscess, the patient acutely decompensated, with worsening fever, tachycardia, fluid-refractory hypotension, elevation of liver enzymes, and transformation of the rash into purpura extending from the face to the trunk, upper and lower extremities, including the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet. |
| 32453859 | Identification of blue-green cytoplasmic inclusions in neutrophils and/or monocytes on peripheral blood smears is a rare, and likely underreported, finding described in few case reports and small case series studies in critically ill patients with acute liver dysfunction and lactic acidosis (Courville, et al 2017, Gorup, et al 2018, Haberichter and Crisan 2017, Harris, et al 2009, Hodgkins and Jones 2019, Hodgson, et al 2015, Jazaerly and Gabali 2014, Patel, et al 2017, Sin, et al 2019, Soos, et al 2019, Vicente-Steijn, et al 2020). |
| 32454041 | For patients with end-stage liver failure, liver transplantation is the only option. […] There is an urgent need for ethical frameworks to balance the need for liver transplantation against the availability of national resources. […] To describe the ethical tension arising in this setting, we propose a novel ethical framework, the Quadripartite Equipoise (QE) score, that is applicable to liver transplantation in the context of limited national resources. […] Seventeen large- and medium- sized liver transplant centers from twelve countries across four continents participated. |
| 32455515 | The patient’s condition exacerbated rapidly with multi-organ infections, and eventually developed pulmonary hemorrhage and consolidation, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, liver dysfunction, etc. […] The pathological changes were mainly diffused pulmonary hemorrhagic injuries and necrosis, fibrosis, small vessel disease with cardiac edema and lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 can exacerbate rapidly from mild to critical with lung, liver and heart injuries. |
| 32460390 | A total of 23 SOT transplant recipients suffering from COVID-19 were identified (n = 3 heart; n =15 kidney; n = 1 kidney-after-heart; n = 3 lung and n = 1 liver transplant recipient). |
| 32462354 | Initial investigations showed high inflammatory parameters, elevated serum creatinine and liver enzymes. |
| 32473600 | Inhibition of NAKs led to reduced viral infectivity with baricitinib using human primary liver spheroids. |
| 32473607 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with acute liver injury manifested by increased liver enzymes in reports worldwide. […] Prevalence of liver injury and associated clinical characteristics are not well-defined. […] We aim to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for development of COVID-19 associated acute liver injury in a large cohort in the United States. […] Acute liver injury was categorized as mild if alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was > upper limit of normal (ULN) but < two times ULN, moderate if ALT was between two and five times ULN, and severe if ALT was > five times ULN. […] Among patients who tested positive, 45% had mild, 21% moderate, and 6.4% severe liver injury. […] In multivariable analysis, severe acute liver injury was significantly associated with elevated inflammatory markers including ferritin (OR 2.40, p<0.001) and IL-6 (OR 1.45, p=0.009). […] Patients with severe liver injury had a more severe clinical course, including higher rates of ICU admission (69%), intubation (65%), renal replacement therapy (33%), and mortality (42%). […] Acute liver injury is common in patients who test positive for SARS-CoV-2, but is most often mild. […] However, among the 6.4% of patients with severe liver injury, a severe disease course should be anticipated. |
| 32471013 | The following is a short report on COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients (n = 5) from a high volume UK liver transplant unit with a large follow-up cohort (n = 4500). […] Based on this limited data, liver transplant recipients appear to have a low incidence of COVID-19, with less severe symptoms than expected, when compared with the general population and other solid organ recipients. |
| 32475054 | We read with interest the letter by D’Antiga evaluating the early experience with Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) in liver transplant (LT) recipients in Bergamo and suggesting the absence of correlation between immunosuppression and severity of disease. […] We report two cases of early liver transplant recipients infected by SARS-CoV-2 with only mild clinical manifestations. |
| 32476233 | Liver transplantation during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is challenging given the urgent need to reallocate resources to other areas of patient care. […] Thus, we report strategies and preliminary results in liver transplantation during the peak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from a single-center in France. […] Our strategy to reorganize the transplant program included four main steps: optimization of available resources especially intensive care unit capacity, multidisciplinary risk stratification of liver transplantation candidates on the waiting list, implementation of a systematic SARS-CoV-2 screening strategy prior to transplantation and definition of optimal recipient-donor matching. […] After implementation of these four steps, we performed 10 successful liver transplantations during the peak of the pandemic with a short median intensive care unit stay (2,5 days), benchmark post-transplant morbidity and no occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up. […] From this preliminary experience we conclude that efforts in resource planning, optimal recipient selection and organ allocation strategy are key to maintain a safe liver transplant activity. |
| 32476258 | We describe our institutional experience with COVID-19 among ten SOT patients, including the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes of seven renal transplant recipients, one liver transplant recipient, one heart transplant recipient, and one lung transplant recipient. |
| 32476793 | Numerous studies have shown varying degrees of liver damage in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. […] However, in previous case studies of COVID-19, the exact cause of liver injury has not been clearly elucidated, nor is there clear evidence of the interaction between liver injury and COVID-19. […] This study will analyze the causes of liver injury in COVID-19 and the influence of liver-related complications on the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19. |
| 32476796 | Liver chemistry abnormalities are common and include elevation of aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, and total bilirubin. […] Further research will help elucidate the association between patients with underlying GI diseases, such as chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease, and severity of COVID-19. |
| 32478465 | Only eight serious liver injuries caused by TCZ were reported before being used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. […] We describe a patient with COVID-19-induced cytokine storm who developed drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of TCZ. […] Intensive liver function monitoring is imperative in COVID-19 patients, because of frequent polypharmacy with potentially hepatotoxic drugs. |
| 32479682 | Incidence of signs and symptoms related to PE, such as hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal UtAPI and increased sFlt-1/PlGF. |
| 32480420 | The challenges associated with COVID-19 are even greater for patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare multisystemic disease affecting the heart, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal and nervous system. |
| 32483005 | Elevated liver enzyme levels are observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these features have not been characterized. […] Liver enzyme level elevation was defined as alanine aminotransferase level >35 U/L for men and 25 U/L for women at admission. […] Of 788 patients with COVID-19, 222 (28.2%) patients had elevated liver enzyme levels (median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 47.0 [35.0-55.0] years; 40.5% women). […] Being male, overweight, and smoking increased the risk of liver enzyme level elevation. […] The liver enzyme level elevation group had lesser pharyngalgia and more diarrhea than the control group. […] The median time from illness onset to admission was 3 days for liver enzyme level elevation groups (IQR, 2-6), whereas the median hospitalization time for 86 (38.7%) discharged patients was 13 days (IQR, 11-16). […] We found that 28.2% of patients with COVID-19 presented with elevated liver enzyme levels on admission, which could partially be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Male patients had a higher risk of liver enzyme level elevation. […] With early medical intervention, liver enzyme level elevation did not worsen the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. |
| 32484453 | Moreover, the acute renal function damage occurred earlier than abnormal heart and liver functions (p<0.05). |
| 32486188 | However, there is evidence that these receptors are abundant throughout the body, and just as abundant in cholangiocytes as alveolar cells, posing the question of possible direct liver injury. […] While liver enzymes and function tests do seem to be deranged in some patients, it is questionable if the injury is due to direct viral damage, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia, or microthromboses. […] Likely, the injury is multifactoral, and management of infected patients with pre-existing liver disease should be taken into consideration. |
| 32488888 | This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of liver blood tests in COVID-19 patients. […] The relationship between liver blood test results, liver condition (HBsAb positive, HBcAb positive, and fatty liver disease), and duration of hospital stay among COVID-19 patients was analyzed. […] Abnormal results of liver blood tests in patients with COVID-19 included increased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (21.2%, 14 patients), AST (15.2%, 10 patients), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (22.7%, 15 patients). […] Abnormal levels of Alb and AST in patients with COVID-19 were not associated with the liver condition (all P > .05). […] Abnormal results of the liver blood test were found in COVID-19 patients. |
| 32492165 | The most common laboratory abnormalities were increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (median [IQR], 16.0 [12.0-26.0] U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (median [IQR], 30.0 [23.0-41.8] U/L), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) activity (median [IQR], 24.0 [18.0-34.0] U/L), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (median [IQR], 243.0 [203.0-297.0] U/L), which are associated with liver and myocardial injury. […] Immunoglobin G and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were negatively associated with biochemical indices related to liver and myocardial injury (immunoglobulin G, ALT: r, -0.3579; AST: r, -0.5280; CK-MB activity: r, -0.4786; LDH: r, -0.4984; and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ALT: r, -0.1893; AST: r, -0.3912; CK-MB activity: r, -0.3428; LDH: r, -0.3234), while counts of lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, and interleukin 10 showed positive associations (lymphocytes, ALT: r, 0.2055; AST: r, 0.3615; CK-MB activity: r, 0.338; LDH: r, 0.3309; CD4+ T cells, AST: r, 0.4701; CK-MB activity: r, 0.4151; LDH: r, 0.4418; interleukin 10, ALT: r, 0.2595; AST: r, 0.3386; CK-MB activity: r, 0.3948; LDH: r, 0.3794). |
| 32492995 | The Covid 19 crisis permits to increase the role of Telemedicine as a tool for the delivery of health care services at distance and to slow down the virus diffusion. […] In COVID 19 era, the goal of PCP is to reduce travels and visits in specialized center for liver disease patients. |
| 32493473 | Patients will be excluded for the following reasons: more than 72 hours from the onset of ARDS; age < 16 years; patient known to be pregnant; major trauma in previous 5 days; presence of any active malignancy (other than non-melanoma skin cancer); WHO Class III or IV pulmonary hypertension; venous thromboembolism currently receiving anti-coagulation or within the past 3 months; patient receiving extracorporeal life support; severe chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh > 12); Do Not Attempt Resuscitation order in place; treatment withdrawal imminent within 24 hours; prisoners; declined consent; non-English speaking patients or those who do not adequately understand verbal or written information unless an interpreter is available; previously enrolled in the REALIST trial. |
| 32493478 | Known moderate or severe liver disease12. |
| 32493494 |
|
| 32493514 | Liver injury or failure (AST/ALT ≥ 5x ULN)4. |
| 32495496 | While several studies from China have reported COVID-19-related liver injury, there are currently no data on liver dysfunction in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Europe. […] The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and predictive value of abnormal liver function in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. […] Liver function was abnormal in 66.6% of patients on admission. […] In multivariate logistic regression, abnormal liver test on admission were associated with in-hospital aggravation (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.5-10.8; P = .004) and mortality (OR 3.3; 95% CI = 1.04-10.5; P = .04). […] This study of liver tests in a European COVID-19 population confirms a high prevalence of abnormal liver tests on admission that are predictive of severe disease course and higher in-hospital mortality. |
| 32495578 | The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. |
| 32496357 | Solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) comprise a large proportion of this group, yet there is limited knowledge about the presentation, clinical course and immunosuppression management of this novel infection among heart, lung, liver, pancreas and kidney transplant recipients. |
| 32500431 | Patients with a high probability of postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission were considered as high risk and defined by an ASA score ≥ III and/or a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥ 6 and/or a Revised Cardiac Risk Index for Preoperative Risk (RCRI) ≥ 3. 72 patients were operated, including 12 (16.6%) liver and kidney transplantations. […] Few patients had liver cirrhosis (12.5%) or received preoperative systemic therapy (16.6%). 36 (50%) high-risk surgical procedures were performed, including major hepatectomies, pancreaticoduodenectomies, total gastrectomies, multivisceral resections, and transplantations. |
| 32500666 | We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well-controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32500942 | This is a report about the course and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients from a single center in Northwestern Italy in the period March-April 2020. […] Besides depicting Covid-19 course and possible treatment scenarios in liver transplant patients, these cases are discussed in relation to the changes in our practice prompted by Covid-19 epidemic, with potential implications for other transplant programs. |
| 32501731 | Functional impairments in multiple organs have been reported in COVID-19 including lungs, heart, kidney, liver, brain and vascular system. |
| 32501876 | In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and major societies recommendations regarding the implications of COVID-19 in gastroenterology, namely the adaptations that gastroenterology/endoscopy departments and professionals must do in order to optimize the provided assistance, as well as the implications that this infection will have, in particularly vulnerable patients such as those with chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease under or not immunosuppressant therapies. |
| 32501877 | COVID-19 related liver enzyme elevations have been described however the clinical presentation, enzyme kinetics, and associated laboratory abnormalities of these patients have not been well described. […] Five cases of COVID-19 associated liver enzyme elevations are reported here. […] We found that COVID-19 related liver enzyme elevations occurred in a hepatocellular pattern and persisted throughout the initial hospitalization in all patients. […] In conclusion, abnormalities in aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin levels are commonly seen in COVID-19 related liver injury. […] However, the clinical course of COVID-19 related liver injury appears benign. |
| 32502316 | The authors have provided an important assessment of liver transplant volumes across the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) regions from February to March of 2019 and 2020. |
| 32503657 | Uncontrolled diseases of the blood and cardiovascular system, liver or kidney.4. |
| 32504925 | Interestingly, ACE2+ organs reveal the symptomatic repercussions, which are signals of the infection such as dry cough, shortness of breath, heart failure, liver and kidney damage, anosmia or hyposmia, and diarrhea. |
| 32506122 | Prevalence of ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dementia, COPD, and chronic renal failure was higher in older patients (≥ 65 years), while obesity, chronic liver disease, and HIV infection were more common in younger adults (< 65 years); 10.9% of younger patients (< 65 years) had no comorbidities, compared to 3.2% of older patients (≥ 65 years). |
| 32506682 | The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has brought elective surgeries including liver transplantation to a standstill. […] The concerns in Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) were that immunosuppressed recipients and healthy donors would be exposed to nosocomial SARS- CoV-2 infection.1 However, as patients began to suffer and die, Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI) revised its guidelines 2 and allowed LDLT for those who were very sick, or had just recovered from a life threatening decompensation (high MELD/ CTP score) or had malignancy. |
| 32507110 | Recent studies reported that patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) might have liver injury. […] We compared liver functional test results between the two groups. […] Elevated liver function index is very common in patients with COVID-19 infection, and the level were less than 3 × ULN, but most are reversible. |
| 32507608 | The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting last December in China placed emphasis on liver involvement during infection. […] This review discusses the underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, according to recent available information, while waiting further studies. […] The manifestations of liver damage are usually mild (moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase activities), and generally asymptomatic. […] Few patients can still develop severe liver problems, and therapeutic options can be limited. […] Liver dysfunction may affect about one-third of the patients, with prevalence greater in men than women, and in elderly. […] During new COVID-19 infections, liver injury may be observed. […] If liver involvement appears during COVID-19 infection, however, attention is required. […] This is particularly true if patients are older or have a pre-existing history of liver diseases. […] During COVID-19 infection, the onset of liver damage impairs the prognosis, and hospital stay is longer. |
| 32511951 | We, as a multidisciplinary team, reviewed the standard management options, according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system, for hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| 32512530 | COVID-19 though is a predominantly respiratory illness; it can also affect brain and other organs like kidneys, heart and liver. |
| 32513299 | Combined with severe heart, lung (diagnosed with interstitial lung disease, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.), liver and kidney disease or with endocrine, rheumatic, neurologic, malignant and other systemic diseases;2. |
| 32514228 | Patients with liver disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity are more susceptible to the incidence of COVID-19 infection. |
| 32514432 | Published clinical studies have supported that SARS-CoV-2 affects the GI tract and the liver. […] Incidence of liver injury ranges from 15 to 53%. |
| 32515125 | Patients with chronic liver disease and patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) are vulnerable to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] We evaluated fears, attitudes, and opinions associated with COVID-19 in 365 SOT recipients (95% liver, 5% pancreas/kidney), 112 SOT candidates, and 394 immediate household contacts in 2 German transplant centers. |
| 32516847 | Immunosuppressed liver transplant (LT) patients are considered to be at high risk for any kind of infection. |
| 32519617 | Here, we aimed to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in our kidney and liver transplant patients. […] Seventy-four of them were liver transplant recipients (46 male, 28 female, of which 14 were pediatric and 60 were adult patients) and 509 of them were kidney transplant recipients (347 male, 162 female, of which 16 were pediatric and 493 were adult patients). |
| 32519892 | Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a ubiquitously expressed, channel-forming protein found in a number of tissues thoughout the body (e.g. lung, vasculature, liver, central nervous system, immune system) that is important in many key physiological and immune responses. |
| 32519953 | This review addresses gastroenterologists, hepatologists, liver transplant (LT) specialists, and health-care professionals working in the field of liver diseases and liver transplantation. […] It has been written based on a limited number of publications, recommendations of national and international liver and organ transplantation societies, and experiences of patients with COVID-19 around the world. […] The purpose of this review is to provide information addressing questions and concerns about COVID-19, to reveal the effects of the novel disease on patients with chronic liver disease and LT recipients, and to share information about ways in which this pandemic will affect clinical practices. […] We, the Turkish Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL), would like to remind you that this text is actually not a practical guide. |
| 32520225 | Sixteen cases were described in liver transplant (LT) patients, and the median interval since transplantation was 5 years. |
| 32522282 | Fertile women* must not be pregnant, i.e. negative pregnancy test must be available at inclusion • Informed consent signed by the patient *Defined as after menarche and until postmenopausal (no menstruation for 12 months) Exclusion criteria: • At the time of recruitment, the patient uses >5 LO2/min (equivalent to 40% FiO2 if measured) • Known intolerance/allergy to azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine or hypersensitivity to quinine or 4-aminoquinoline derivatives • Neurogenic hearing loss • Psoriasis • Retinopathy • Maculopathy • Visual field changes • Breastfeeding • Severe liver diseases other than amoebiasis (INR> 1.5 spontaneously) • Severe gastrointestinal, neurological and hematological disorders (investigator-assessed) • eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 • Clinically significant cardiac conduction disorders/arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval (QTc (f) of> 480/470 ms). |
| 32524743 | Our current communication shares a protocol for donor and transplant recipient selection during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue life-saving solid organ transplantation for heart, lung, liver and kidney recipients. |
| 32525549 | To provide a pooled estimate of GI symptoms, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and fecal tests positive for SARS-CoV-2 among patients with COVID-19. […] Data on patients with GI symptoms (ie, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting), liver enzyme level changes, and fecal shedding of virus were extracted. […] Study and patient characteristics with pooled detection rates for diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, liver enzyme levels outside reference ranges, and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in feces tests were analyzed. |
| 32526061 | It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. |
| 32526075 | We are aware that for liver disease patients this has been especially concerning. […] The editorial from Sun and colleagues [1] provides an overview of the major challenges facing liver specialists as they strive to deliver essential services, and highlights some of the critical research gaps around COVID-19 and liver disease. |
| 32526083 | Abnormality in liver function tests (LFTs) has been commonly observed in patients with COVID-19, but there is controversy on its clinical significance. |
| 32526252 | The proportion of patients with MELD≥15 increased from 13% to 26% (p=0.037), acute-on-chronic liver failure and and de novo acute liver injury occurred in 14 (28%) and 10 patients, respectively. […] Severity of lung and liver (according to CLIF-C, CLIF-OF and MELD scores) diseases independently predicted mortality. […] COVID-19 is associated with liver function deterioration and elevated mortality in cirrhotic patients. |
| 32527344 | During the treatment period, the pharynx swab test of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid was carried out every 2 days, and the routine blood test, liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation function and myocardial enzymes were re-examined. |
| 32527345 | No patient was reported with liver, kidney or heart dysfunction or secondary infection. |
| 32528760 | Apart from respiratory findings, some studies have highlighted inflammatory consequences in the heart, kidney, and/or liver as well. |
| 32530989 | Comparing the risk of abnormal liver function tests between severe and non-severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by meta-analysis. […] The severity of COVID-19 is associated with liver damage, and can be a risk factor for abnormal liver function tests. |
| 32530994 | It is known that a substantial proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 have abnormal liver function tests; however, the consequences of this information is still not clear. […] Here we present the first case report of a patient with liver cirrhosis and COVID-19 in our centre. […] We observed only slight fluctuations of liver enzymes, bilirubin levels and INR without clinical consequences in our case. |
| 32532356 | Patients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score >=C or AST> 5 times of the upper limit);3. […] 2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets; 2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate. […] The blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results. |
| 32532945 | Liver injury has been reported to occur during the disease in severe cases. […] Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to investigate the incidence of liver injury among published literature from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03 to provide an outline for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. […] The pooled prevalence of liver injury was 19.5% (95% CI: 14.3-26.1). […] Among 288 death cases, the pooled prevalence of liver injury was 22.8% (95% CI: 11.7-39.8). […] The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of liver injury that may assist clinicians anywhere in the globe in controlling COVID-19-related infection and complications. […] Moreover, the prevalence of liver injury can be higher in severe cases than in mild cases. |
| 32536944 | However, it is possible for other organs to be affected including the central nervous system, liver, and blood cells. |
| 32538830 | CEUS with bolus delivery via a central venous catheter of 2.4 ml Sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles from the arterial phase (10-15 s) to the late phase of 5 min. […] Near the diaphragm a delayed arterial contrast of the liver was observed. |
| 32540733 | Patients with metabolic disorders like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and liver disease may face a higher risk of infection of COVID-19, greatly affecting the development and prognosis of the disease, being associated with significantly worse outcome in these patients. |
| 32540736 | Liver involvement is common in COVID-19. […] Limited data is available in patients with COVID-19 and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). […] We systematically searched the PubMed database till May 20, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on COVID-19 and fatty liver/MAFLD/NAFLD. |
| 32541245 | We present the unique opportunity we had to monitor the liver, IL-6 and immune cell course before, during and after COVID-19 in a boy with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). |
| 32542881 | Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italy has challenged the practice of liver transplantation in an unprecedented way. |
| 32543348 | In 788 COVID-19 patients from Zhejiang province, we observed decreased rate of severe/critical cases, increased liver/kidney damage, and prolonged period of nuclear acid positivity, compared with patients in Wuhan, China. […] Single-cell sequencing and ACE2-Furin co-expression results confirmed that the Furin expression was higher in the whole body, especially in glands, liver, kidneys, and colon. |
| 32545518 | We found that the potent Nrf2-activating composition PB125® downregulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. ACE2 is a surface receptor and TMPRSS2 activates the spike protein for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. |
| 32547309 | The laboratory tests liver and kidney function, blood routine, coagulation function, and immune status. Results: The study population included 70 hospitalized patients with confirmed CONV-2019. |
| 32550096 | Although the impaired liver function is prevalent in COVID-19, it is poorly understood. […] It is warranted that patients with abnormal liver functions tend to have an increased risk of COVID-19. […] Thus, increased attention should be paid to the care of patients with abnormal liver functions, and testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA is warranted in the COVID era. |
| 32552178 | We performed postmortem core needle biopsies from lung, heart, and liver on 7 deceased patients who had died of coronavirus disease 2019. […] Liver biopsies showed congestion, micro- and macro-vesicular changes, and minimal to mild portal inflammation, in the majority of cases. Conclusions. […] Liver tissue sections mostly showed nonspecific findings; however, ischemia of the liver can be identified in some cases. |
| 32553666 | Recent reports showed about 2-11% of patients with COVID-19 had underlying chronic liver disease. […] Experience from previous SARS epidemic suggest that 60% of patients developed various degrees of liver damage. […] Cases of acute liver injury have been reported, associated with higher mortality. […] Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 could be multifactorial related to any of direct cytopathic effect of the virus, uncontrolled immune reaction, sepsis or drug induced liver injury. […] Interestingly, the expression of ACE2 receptors were identified in the gastrointestinal tract, vascular endothelium and cholangiocytes of the liver. […] Liver transplant recipients with COVID-19 have been reported recently. […] Effects of COVID-19 on underlying chronic liver disease requires a detailed evaluation and currently data is lacking and further research is warranted in this area. |
| 32553772 | The most severe disease manifestations are atypical pneumonia and sepsis, but the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the liver, has recently been reported to be affected by SARS-CoV-2. […] Therefore, the aim of the present work was to review the literature available on the topic and provide information about COVID-19, in both healthy and diseased livers, and issue recommendations. […] The incidence of liver injury specifically associated with COVID-19 varies from 14.8-53%. […] The majority of case series have reported altered ALT and AST, elevated total bilirubin, and low serum albumin and liver compromise has been associated with the most severe cases of COVID-19. […] Cirrhosis of the liver has a recognized immune dysfunction status that includes immunodeficiency and systemic inflammation, making it reasonable for those patients to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32553907 | We aimed to describe the characteristics of liver function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection. […] The characteristics of liver function and its relation with the severity and prognosis of disease were described. […] Of 105 SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infected patients, elevated levels of liver test were seen in several patients at admission, including elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (22,20.95%), aspartate aminotransferase (29, 27.62%), total bilirubin (7, 6.67%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (7, 6.67%) and alkaline phosphatase (1, 0.95%). […] 14 (13.33%) patients developed liver injury. […] Notably, 4 (28.57%) patients rapidly progressed to acute-on-chronic liver failure. […] The proportion of severe COVID-19 was higher in patients with liver injury (P= 0.042). […] Complications including ACLF, acute cardiac injury and shock happened more frequently in patients with liver injury (all P<0.05). […] The mortality was higher in individuals with liver injury (28.57% vs 3.30%, P=0.004). […] Liver injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection was associated with severity and poor prognosis of disease. […] During the treatment of COVID-19 in chronic HBV-infected patients, liver function should be taken seriously and evaluated frequently. |
| 32558065 | Prins and his colleagues for their interest in our recent article regarding the characteristics and mechanisms of liver damage caused by three highly pathogenic coronavirus infections and for their valuable insights on the liver injury among COVID-19. |
| 32558697 | Cases of liver damage or dysfunction (mainly characterized by moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels) have been reported among patients with COVID-19. […] However, it is currently uncertain whether the COVID-19 related liver damage/dysfunction is due mainly to the viral infection by itself or other coexisting conditions, such as the use of potentially hepatotoxic medications and the coexistence of systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, and multiple organ dysfunction. […] This is also the same profile for those at increased risk for unrecognized underlying liver disease, especially nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. […] This could make them more susceptible to liver injury from the virus, medications used in supportive management, or hypoxia. […] So the aim of this review was to illustrate the clinical implications of COVID-19 on the liver in healthy and diseased states as well as the implications of common liver disorders on the outcome of COVID-19. |
| 32558945 | Previous studies reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was likely to result in liver injury. […] However, few studies reported the impacts of COVID-19 on liver function in patients with chronic liver diseases. […] The serum albumin level and platelet counts were decreased in 2 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis. […] No patient was admitted to the intensive care units or developed liver failure during hospitalization. […] The abnormalities of liver function are not uncommon on COVID-19 patients with chronic HBV infection in our case series. […] However, no patient developed severe liver-related complications during hospitalization. |
| 32559324 | Besides pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the disease leads to multisystem involvement in the form of myocarditis, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypoxemic brain injury, acute liver and renal function impairment. |
| 32559354 | We present a case of a pediatric liver transplant recipient diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection four days after receiving a living donor liver allograft from her mother. […] The recipient was a 6-month-old with end-stage liver disease due to biliary atresia and failed Kasai. […] The infant had an uncomplicated implantation, excellent graft function and down-trending liver enzymes until developing fevers, diarrhea, and moderate respiratory distress requiring non-invasive respiratory support. […] Liver enzymes peaked ~1000 U/L (5-fold higher than the previous day) on POD 6. |
| 32562397 | Children with inflammatory bowel disease and post liver transplant patients do not have an increased risk of disease, and should remain on medications they are already on. […] Children with chronic liver disease should continue their medications as usual. |
| 32562561 | Which are the consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in liver transplant (LT) recipients? […] Baseline IS regimen remained unchanged in all surviving recipients, with good liver function. |
| 32563190 | Whether liver fibrosis might be a relevant player in the natural history of COVID-19 is currently unknown. […] FIB-4 ≥2.67 defined patients with risk for advanced liver fibrosis. […] The link between liver fibrosis and the natural history of COVID-19 should be evaluated in future studies. |
| 32564624 | Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have compromised immune function due to cirrhosis and are more susceptible to infection. |
| 32565039 | An online survey was disseminated to all E-AHPBA members to assess the effects of the pandemic on unit capacity, management of HPB cancers, use of COVID-19 screening and other aspects of service delivery. […] Delayed access to cancer surgery necessitated alternatives including increased neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and colorectal liver metastases, and locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma. […] Other aspects of service delivery including COVID-19 screening and personal protective equipment varied between units and countries. […] This study demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound adverse impact on the delivery of HPB cancer care across the continents of Europe and Africa. |
| 32565199 | He underwent liver transplantation 4 years earlier due to HCV and NASH-related cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. […] The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia in this immunosuppressed patient was moderate to severe and liver injury was not clinically significant. […] Despite its limitations, this case report confirm that the liver may be only mildly affected during SARS-CoV-2 infection, also in liver transplanted patients. |
| 32566368 | There is a significant overlap between the clinical findings in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (HELLP). Cases Patients presented at 22 and 29 weeks of gestation with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. […] While the patient at 22 weeks of gestation subsequently had an intrauterine fetal demise, the patient at 29 weeks of gestation delivered via an emergency cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal status. |
| 32566579 | Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring non-invasive mechanical ventilation [1 (6.3%)], acute respiratory injury [4 (25%)], acute renal injury [1 (6.3%)], septic shock [1 (6.3%)], liver dysfunction [5 (31.3%)], electrolyte disturbance [8 (50.0%)], and hospital-acquired pneumonia [3 (18.8%)]. |
| 32567003 | The present study investigated the roles of hypoproteinemia in the clinical outcome and liver dysfunction of COVID-19 patients. |
| 32567823 | However, SARS-CoV-2 can affect several human organs due to high expressions of ACE2 receptor which is the main viral target and the virus may affect not only higher and lower respiratory tracts, but also heart, kidney, gastro enteric tract, liver, pancreas, nervous system and skin. |
| 32568186 | In COVID-19 ICU patients massive aggression of lung with severe pulmonary failure, as well as kidney and liver injuries, heart, brain, bowel and spleen damages with lymph nodes necrosis and even cutaneous manifestations have been observed. |
| 32568471 | Despite the exclusion of marginal donors and organs, the implementation of COVID-19 donor testing and the availability of local procurement surgeons, only 1 organ (a liver) was accepted by a transplant center outside of New York State and 8 organs (5 livers, 4 kidneys) were transplanted in state. 11 organs (1 liver, 10 kidneys) were discarded. […] Allocation was unsuccessful for 11 additional organs (1 liver, 4 kidneys, 4 hearts, 2 lungs). |
| 32568751 | The RT-PCR did not detect viral RNA in the wall of small intestine, appendix, and gallbladder, bile, liver, and urine. |
| 32568805 | Several hypotheses are formulated to explain the liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients which include collateral damage from cytokine storm, drug-induced liver injury, viral-induced hepatitis and hypoxia-induced damage. […] Through this case series, we would like to highlight that liver enzyme abnormalities are often seen in COVID-19 patients and would like to highlight that physicians need to serially monitor biochemical testing until the liver enzymes return to baseline. […] Physicians also need to be vigilant of liver enzyme abnormalities in these patients, especially before starting new medications. |
| 32569446 | Using liver organoids infected with SARS-CoV-2, they confirm dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, and show that its administration in four COVID-19 patients is correlated with disease improvement, paving the way for more rigorous placebo-controlled trials. |
| 32569609 | Liver injury is not very severe in pregnant COVID-19 patients. […] Pregnant COVID-19 patients with liver injury had higher inflammation than those without liver injury. […] All newborns delivered by pregnant COVID-19 patients with liver injury were negative for SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32571972 | Knowledge on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in liver transplant recipients is lacking, particularly in terms of severity of the disease. […] The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, baseline clinical characteristics and early outcomes of a European cohort of liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] We conducted an international prospective study across Europe on liver transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by microbiological assay during the first outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. […] In this European multicentre prospective study of liver transplant recipients, COVID-19 was associated with an overall and in-hospital fatality rate of 12% (95% CI 5% to 24%) and 17% (95% CI 7% to 32%), respectively. |
| 32572128 | In addition, many patients with COVID-19 infection have suffered liver damage which might contribute to a worse prognosis. […] We conducted a clinical epidemiological analysis to investigate the association of overweight/obesity and abnormal liver function (ALF) with hospitalized duration in patients infected with COVID-19. |
| 32572616 | White blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets, and liver enzymes counts were within the normal range in both groups. |
| 32573419 | Serum levels of CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, lymphocytes, platelets, creatinine, D-dimer and liver enzymes were assayed at the time of the first TCZ administration, then every two days for 8 days. 40 patients were treated with TCZ. […] Most of them had several comorbidities, and all had multiple biological abnormalities (lymphopenia, increased CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer, liver enzymes). 30 patients (75%) benefited from TCZ and 10 patients died. |
| 32573883 | While metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects a quarter of world population, its impact on COVID-19 severity has not been characterized. |
| 32574284 | We also found impaired liver, kidney, and myocardial functions; the presence of hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia; and, in one case, abnormal coagulation function. |
| 32574287 | Lymphopenia as well as liver and renal dysfunctions may be seen. |
| 32574408 | We aimed to describe the effect of COVID-19 on the number of liver transplants (LT) in South Korea. […] The lockdown caused by COVID-19 did not affect the number of liver transplants in Korea. […] Establishing a safe process and procedure of liver transplantation within safe boundaries can be beneficial in reducing the side effects of lockdown and saving patients’ lives. |
| 32574433 | D-dimer corresponding to peripheral circulation disorders and serum cholinesterase, reflecting liver function had improved. |
| 32574789 | At baseline, all patients had multiple biological abnormalities (lymphopenia, increased CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer and liver enzymes). 24 patients (70.5%) recovered after TCZ therapy and 10 died (29.5%). |
| 32575078 | Besides, abnormal laboratory tests were more prevalent in severe patients than in mild cases, such as elevated levels of white blood cell counts, liver enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, as well as decreased levels of lymphocytes and albumin. |
| 32578289 | In our transplant center, infection with SARS-Cov-2 virus was confirmed in 4 organ transplant recipients (3 kidney and 1 liver transplant recipients) during their early post-transplant hospital stay. |
| 32579293 | No abnormalities were found in liver and kidney function. |
| 32579880 | COVID-19 pathophysiology includes respiratory failure but involves other organ systems including gut, liver, heart, and pancreas. […] A Spike-enabled pseudo-entry virus infects pancreatic endocrine cells, liver organoids, cardiomyocytes, and dopaminergic neurons. […] We find that human pancreatic beta cells and liver organoids are highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, further validated using adult primary human islets and adult hepatocyte and cholangiocyte organoids. |
| 32579986 | Furthermore, organ-specific biomarkers demonstrate the involvement of cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver dysfunction in many patients. |
| 32582330 | The effects of COVID-19 on patients with decompensated liver disease is still not clear. […] Managing immunosuppressive drugs in liver transplant and inflammatory bowel disease is a major challenge without clear guidelines. |
| 32585065 | Liver injury has been described with COVID-19, and early reports suggested 2-11% of patients had chronic liver disease (CLD). |
| 32585136 | It is common to encounter patients with COVID-19 with abnormal liver function, either in the form of hepatitis, cholestasis, or both. […] The clinical implications of liver derangement might be variable in different clinical scenarios. […] With growing evidence of its clinical significance, it would be clinically helpful to provide practice recommendations for various common clinical scenarios of liver derangement during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] The Asia-Pacific Working Group for Liver Derangement during the COVID-19 Pandemic was formed to systematically review the literature with special focus on the clinical management of patients who have been or who are at risk of developing liver derangement during this pandemic. […] Clinical scenarios covering the use of pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 in the case of liver derangement, and assessment and management of patients with chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver transplantation during the pandemic are discussed. |
| 32586665 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is placing an increasing burden on liver transplant (LT) services worldwide. |
| 32586669 | The results showed that there were different degrees of damage to the liver, kidneys, blood coagulation, and heart function in the non-survival group. |
| 32587443 | Patients with liver disease need special attention and continuous follow-up. […] Healthcare professionals in the field of hepatology face the overwhelming task of taking care of COVID-19 patients with hepatic complications, liver disease or transplant patients who are SARS-CoV-2 positive, and the patients on routine surveillance who do not have COVID-19. […] This review will evaluate COVID-19 from the perspective of its effect on the liver and its possible effects on patients with liver disease. […] Furthermore, the level of care for liver transplant recipients during the pandemic will be discussed. |
| 32588791 | Reports of liver injury in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are emerging from China and the USA. […] A wide variety of liver function test abnormalities and few cases of severe liver failure have been reported. […] Markers of cholestatic liver injury were altered only in a minority of patients. […] Severe liver injury defined by 3×> upper limit of normal was observed in 9.1% over a mean time of 10.5 days. […] Importantly, patients exhibited cytotoxicity including lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine kinase elevations, but no signs of relevant liver function impairment. […] In summary, in a case series of hospitalized patients in Germany, cytotoxicity in the absence of severe liver dysfunction at admission and only few cases suggestive of severe liver injury during hospital were observed. |
| 32589264 | We harmonized the information from the recent existing literature on COVID-19 acute pandemic and mechanisms of damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as an example of chronic (non-communicable) metabolic pandemic. […] The deleterious interplay of inflammatory pathways chronically active in NAFLD and acutely in COVID-19 patients, can explain liver damage in a subgroup of patients, and might condition a worse outcome in metabolically-compromised NAFLD patients. […] In a subgroup of NAFLD patients, the underlying liver fibrosis might represent an additional and independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness, irrespective of metabolic comorbidities. […] Initial evidences suggest that increased liver fibrosis in NAFLD might affect COVID-19 outcome. […] In addition, long-term monitoring of post-COVID-19 NAFLD patients is advisable, to document further deterioration of liver damage. |
| 32589600 | Also, the increase of cardiac and liver dysfunction biomarkers has been associated with poor outcome. |
| 32589755 | The basic information, blood routine, pneumonia-related blood indexes, immune-related indexes along with liver, kidney and myocardial indexes in patients with different types were analyzed. […] In addition, the change in the total cholesterol level suggested that COVID-19 would induce some liver function damage in patients. |
| 32589760 | Seven transplanted patients (two liver, three kidneys, one double lung, one heart) admitted to the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich because of COVID-19 and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were included. […] The two liver transplant patients and the heart transplant patient had an uncomplicated course and were discharged after 14, 18 and 12 days, respectively. |
| 32590819 | The median time from disease onset to ICU admission was 10 days (IQR 6-11 days), to mechanical ventilation (MV) was 11 days (IQR 7.75-13 days), to artificial liver plasma exchange was 12 days (IQR 9.75-14.75 days), and to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was 22 days (IQR 17.5-30 days). […] Nine received artificial liver plasma exchange. […] Artificial liver plasma exchange significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels. |
| 32592396 | Erythrocyte-associated indicators, liver function and serum lipid metabolism presented abnormal throughout during the observation period. |
| 32592539 | The coagulation parameters of COVID-19 patients were widely and closely related to the indexes of liver function and inflammation (P < .05), indicating the coagulation dysfunction of these patients may be caused by liver injury and inflammatory storm. |
| 32592716 | In this context, we have analyzed the anti-coronavirus potential of the natural product glycyrrhizic acid (GLR), a drug used to treat liver diseases (including viral hepatitis) and specific cutaneous inflammation (such as atopic dermatitis) in some countries. |
| 32164090 | Routine blood test revealed WBC<4.0×10(9)/L in 8 petients (26.67%) , (4-10) ×10(9)/L in 22 petients (73.33%) , and WBC>4.0×10(9)/L in 4 petients (13.33%) during the disease.Lymphocyte count<1.0×10(9)/L occurred in 12 petients (40%),abnormal liver function in 7 petients (23.33%) ,myocardial damage in 5 petients(16.67%), elevated D-dimer (>0.5mg/l) in 5 patients (16.67%). […] Compared with normal patients, the average exposure times, cumulative exposure time, BMI, Fever time, white blood cell count, liver enzyme, LDH, myoenzyme and D-dimer were significantly increased in severe patients, while the lymphocyte count and albumin levels in peripheral blood were significantly decreased.Chest CT mainly showed patchy shadows and interstitial changes.According to imaging examination, 11 patients (36.67%) showed Unilateral pneumonia and 19 patients (63.33%) showed bilateral pneumonia,4 patients (13.33%) showed bilateral multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity.Compared with the patients infected in the protected period, the proportion of severe infection and bilateral pneumonia were both increased in the patients infected in unprotected period. […] Severe patients had BMI increased, heating time prolonged, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, D-dimer and albumin level significantly changed and were prone to be complicated with liver damage and myocardial damage.Strict protection measures is important to prevent infection for medical workers. |
| 32450631 | Some patients had mild liver and kidney damage. |
| 32594085 | Hemoperfusion (HP) was helpful to prevent the development and progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI), liver failure, and septic shock by removing cytokines and other inflammatory mediators and ultimately preventing progression toward multiple organ failure. |
| 32595360 | Carvone has also been determined to be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively, not a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), not to inhibit any of the cytochrome P molecules, and to have no toxic effects even on liver cells. |
| 32595762 | In this review, we summarise recent findings on the epidemiology of GI tract involvement, potential mechanisms of faecal-oral transmission, GI and liver manifestation, pathological/histological features in patients with COVID-19 and the diagnosis, management of patients with pre-existing GI and liver diseases as well as precautions for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection during GI endoscopy procedures. |
| 32602202 | 22.79 kg/m2) and lower liver computed tomography value (average 50.00 vs. […] The main mechanism is related to damage of the liver and kidney. |
| 32602604 | Although it has been reported that some COVID-19 patients showed elevated liver biochemistries, there are few studies regarding clinical features and prognosis of these patients. […] Of those, 142 (29.5%) patients showed abnormal liver biochemistries on admission, and patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) accounted for 67.6%, 69.0%, and 16.2%, respectively. […] Those with abnormal liver biochemistries showed higher percentages of severe cases and comorbidities and were more likely to have dyspnea, chest distress or pain, and increased hemoglobin (Hb) on admission. […] The multivariable regression analysis showed that chest distress or pain (odds ratio [OR], 1.765; P = 0.018), dyspnea (OR, 2.495; P = 0.001), elevated C-reactive protein [CRP] level (OR, 1.007; P = 0.008), elevated white blood count (WBC) (OR, 1.139; P = 0.013), and elevated Hb concentration (OR, 1.024; P = 0.001) were independent factors associated with elevated liver biochemistries in COVID-19 patients. […] Conclusion: Elevated liver biochemistries were common in COVID-19 patients. […] Patients with hypoxia or severe inflammation are more likely to experience increased liver biochemistries on admission. |
| 32603060 | In the context of liver transplantation (LTx), concerns are raised about organ donation shortage and safety, the ethics of using limited healthcare resources for LTx, selection criteria for LTx during the epidemic and the risk of de novo COVID-19 infection on the waiting list and after LTx. |
| 32607420 | We performed a lung transplant and a liver transplant successfully during the COVID-19 era. |
| 32607684 | In many patients, multi-organ failure with severe liver damage sets in finally, possibly as consequence of an early-onset pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and/or thrombotic microangiopathy. |
| 32609908 | There are scarce data on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on liver transplantation (LT) in Europe. […] The aim of this study was to obtain a preliminary data on incidence, management, and outcome of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients and candidates in Europe. […] An Internet-based survey was sent to the centers affiliated with European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). |
| 32610859 | These patients had deranged liver functions and had elevated pro-calcitonin levels, serum ferritin levels and LDH levels. 1 out of the these 4 cases went into ARDS during the course of treatment. 10 patients yielded negative results for Covid-19. |
| 32612614 | Thus far, there is no evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly causes permanent damage to kidney, liver, or heart allografts. |
| 32613308 | SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect hematopoiesis, hemostasis, coagulation, fibrinolysis, bone metabolism, thyroid, parathyroid glands, the liver, and the reproductive system. |
| 32614464 | Although both of them eventually recovered and were discharged from the hospital, they were complicated with varying degrees of liver and myocardial injury. |
| 32614976 | We appreciate Philips and colleagues’ interest in our report on the associations between liver injury markers and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mortality.( […] 1) They raised the question regarding the application of liver injury markers. […] We understand that use of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in isolation cannot comprehensively characterize liver injury. |
| 32615987 | In addition, SARS-CoV-2 may affect organs other than the lung, such as the liver, with frequent onset of late cholestasis. |
| 32616030 | The immunosuppressive state induced by liver transplantation and anti-rejection therapy might contribute to the severity of COVID-19 in Case 4, who suffered from hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| 32616063 | • Presenting with fever (≥37.5°C) and/or one mild symptom suggestive of COVID-19 disease (cough, dyspnoea, chills, odynophagia, diarrhoea, muscle pain, anosmia, dysgeusia, headache) OR being contact* of a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed or suspected case in the past 14 days • More than 12 weeks of gestation (dated by ultrasonography) • Agreement to deliver in the study hospitals Exclusion criteria • Known hypersensitivity to HCQ or other 4-amonoquinoline compounds • History of retinopathy of any aetiology • Concomitant use of digoxin, cyclosporine, cimetidine • Known liver disease • Clinical history of cardiac pathology including known long QT syndrome • Unable to cooperate with the requirements of the study • Participating in other intervention studies • Delivery onset (characterized by painful uterine contractions and variable changes of the cervix, including some degree of effacement and slower progression of dilatation up to 5 cm for first and subsequent labours) The study participants will be stratified by clinical presentation and SARS-CoV-2 PCR results. |
| 32616067 |
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| 32618658 | Elevated liver enzyme levels are observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, these features have not been characterized. […] Liver enzyme level elevation was defined as alanine aminotransferase level >35 U/L for men and 25 U/L for women at admission. […] Of 788 patients with COVID-19, 222 (28.2%) patients had elevated liver enzyme levels (median [interquartile range {IQR}] age, 47.0 [35.0-55.0] years; 40.5% women). […] Being male, overweight, and smoking increased the risk of liver enzyme level elevation. […] The liver enzyme level elevation group had lesser pharyngalgia and more diarrhea than the control group. […] The median time from illness onset to admission was 3 days for liver enzyme level elevation groups (IQR, 2-6), whereas the median hospitalization time for 86 (38.7%) discharged patients was 13 days (IQR, 11-16). […] We found that 28.2% of patients with COVID-19 presented with elevated liver enzyme levels on admission, which could partially be related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Male patients had a higher risk of liver enzyme level elevation. […] With early medical intervention, liver enzyme level elevation did not worsen the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. |
| 32619043 | We read with interest the study by Lei and colleagues on the association between markers of liver injury and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. […] They found that an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and its dynamicity correlated with COVID-19-related liver injury and patient outcomes. […] They concluded that the dynamic patterns of liver injury indicators, represented by AST, correspond with COVID-19-related liver injury. |
| 32619279 | The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationships between liver injury indicators (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and total bilirubin [TBIL]) and mortality in COVID-19 patients. […] The authors considered the possibility that elevated liver injury indicators, particularly AST, are strongly associated with mortality risk. […] However, the association between liver injury indicators and mortality in COVID-19 patients should be interpreted cautiously in light of the following issues. |
| 32620390 | COVID-19 has severely impacted deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) programs throughout the world. […] Acceptance of deceased liver donors has decreased worldwide because of the unknown risks associated with COVID-19 transmission or postoperative infection in the immediate post-transplant period, along with the risks to the health care workers in a multidisciplinary setting. |
| 32621178 | An increasing number of patients with thalassemia is living with long-term complications, including cardiomyopathy, chronic liver disease, endocrinopathy, and infections. |
| 32621206 | The novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been mostly leading to respiratory distress syndrome, but liver injury has also been documented. […] The mechanism of liver injury is limited and poorly understood. […] Based on the current studies, this review article emphasizes on the demographic and potential mechanisms of Corona Virus Disease (COVID)-19-related liver dysfunction. |
| 32622450 | Among its medical complications is a characteristic proinflammatory cytokine storm often associated with end-organ dysfunction, including respiratory failure, liver and renal insufficiency, cardiac injury, and coagulopathy. |
| 32623470 | In patients with severe COVID-19, we assessed the association between chronic ACEI/ARB use and the occurrence of kidney, lung, heart, and liver dysfunctions and the severity of the inflammatory reaction as evaluated by biomarkers kinetics, and their association with disease outcomes. |
| 32623632 | Its profile in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) is largely unknown. […] We studied the liver injury patterns of SARS-Cov-2 in CLD patients, with or without cirrhosis. […] Metabolism associated fatty liver disease (113, 61%) and viral etiology (26, 60%) were common. […] 17.2%, OR = 8.1 (1.9-38.8), p = 0.002] predisposed more to liver injury than those without these. […] Forty three percent of CLD without cirrhosis presented as acute liver injury and 20% cirrhotics presented with either acute-on-chronic liver failure [5 (11.6%)] or acute decompensation [4 (9%)]. […] Liver related complications increased (p < 0.05) with stage of liver disease; a Child-Turcotte Pugh score of 9 or more at presentation predicted high mortality [AUROC 0.94, HR = 19.2 (95 CI 2.3-163.3), p < 0.001, sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 94.4%). […] In decompensated cirrhotics, the liver injury was progressive in 57% patients, with 43% mortality. […] SARS-Cov-2 infection causes significant liver injury in CLD patients, decompensating one fifth of cirrhosis, and worsening the clinical status of the already decompensated. |
| 32623633 | Liver function derangements have been reported in coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but reported rates are variable. […] We estimated overall prevalence, stratified prevalence based on severity, estimated risk ratio (RR), and estimated standardized mean difference (SMD) of liver function parameters in severe as compared to non-severe COVID. […] The pooled prevalence and RR of chronic liver disease as a comorbidity was 2.64% (1.73-4) and 1.69 (1.05-2.73) respectively. […] The most frequent abnormality in liver functions was hypoalbuminemia followed by derangements in gamma-glutamyl transferase and aminotransferases, and these abnormalities were more frequent in severe disease. […] The systematic review was, however, limited by heterogeneity in definitions of severity and liver function derangements. […] Also estimates for overall/total liver disease (TLD) and chronic liver disease (CLD) amongst COVID-19 patients are depicted in a, b, d. |
| 32628793 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is frequently associated with liver test abnormalities. […] To describe the evolution of liver involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection and its effect on clinical course and mortality. […] The association between liver test abnormalities (baseline and peak values) and ICU admission or death was also explored. […] Liver test abnormalities were found in 161 (31.3%) patients. […] Baseline liver test abnormalities were associated with increased risk of ICU admission (OR 2.19 [95% CI 1.24-3.89], P = 0.007) but not with mortality (OR 0.84 [95% CI 0.49-1.41], P = 0.51). […] Alterations of liver test worsened within 15 days of hospitalisation; however, in patients with the longest median follow-up, the prevalence of liver test alterations decreased over time, returning to around baseline levels. […] In SARS-CoV-2-positive patients without pre-existing severe chronic liver disease, baseline liver test abnormalities are associated with the risk of ICU admission and tend to normalise over time. |
| 32630032 | COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU underwent computed tomography within 24 hours and about 20 days later, to evaluate the parameters of the body and liver composition. […] The main results were the loss of the lean mass index and a greater increase in liver attenuation in obese subjects. |
| 32631405 | The presence or absence of involvement of organs other than the lungs (e.g., heart, liver, kidneys) 8. |
| 32631771 | Initial laboratory studies were significant for hyponatremia, elevated liver function tests including direct hyperbilirubinemia, and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. |
| 32633236 | There is also evidence that this infection may lead to liver and pancreatic injury. […] Patients with preexisting liver disease, especially metabolic associated liver fatty disease (MALFD) with fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, are at high risk for severe COVID-19. |
| 32634827 | Included covariates were age, hypertension, diagnoses including obesity, alcohol, sleep apnea, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, peripheral artery disease, cancer, liver-, rheumatic-, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). |
| 32637437 | There is also a growing body of evidence to suggest that liver injury is frequent. […] We present a patient diagnosed with coronavirus who presented with several days of GI symptoms and discuss the relevance of GI disease and liver injury in these patients. |
| 32638436 | The incidence of elevated liver chemistries and the presence of pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) have been variably reported in COVID-19. […] To assess the prevalence of CLD, the incidence of elevated liver chemistries and the outcomes of patients with and without underlying CLD/elevated liver chemistries in COVID-19. […] We included studies reporting underlying CLD or elevated liver chemistries and patient outcomes in COVID-19. 107 articles (n = 20 874 patients) were included for the systematic review. […] The pooled incidence of elevated liver chemistries in COVID-19 was 23.1% (19.3-27.3) at initial presentation. […] Additionally, 24.4% (13.5-40) developed elevated liver chemistries during the illness. […] The pooled incidence of drug-induced liver injury was 25.4% (14.2-41.4). […] COVID-19 patients with elevated liver chemistries had increased risk of mortality (OR-3.46 [2.42-4.95, P < 0.001]) and severe disease (OR-2.87 [95% CI, 2.29-3.6, P < 0.001]) compared to patients without elevated liver chemistries. […] Elevated liver chemistries are common at presentation and during COVID-19. […] The severity of elevated liver chemistries correlates with the outcome of COVID-19. […] Further studies are needed to analyse the outcomes of compensated and decompensated liver disease. |
| 32639062 | Statistically significant RORs emerged for 13 DMEs, with drug-induced liver injury (n = 91; LL 95% CI 3.07), pancreatitis (151; 1.41), and pulmonary fibrosis (222; 7.21) as unpredictable AEs. […] A total of 174 cases of liver-related DMEs were retrieved (proportion of deaths = 18.4%), with median onset of 27.5 days. |
| 32639084 | Furthermore, the patients with common chronic diseases regarding angiocardiopathy, type 2 diabetes, liver, pneumonia and hypertension were also with higher ACE2 expression compared to related controls, which were validated using independent data sets. |
| 32639420 | However, the data describing the global prevalence of liver injury associated with COVID-19 is lacking secondary to the novelty of this ongoing pandemic. […] Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between COVID-19 and liver injury. […] A systematic literature search of indexed databases including, PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases from inception to 14 April 2020, was used to identify studies that reported data of liver chemistry in patients diagnosed with COVID 19. […] The overall prevalence of abnormal liver chemistry and relevant 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the pooled results studies. […] The pattern of abnormal liver enzymes was notable for higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. […] Co-existing chronic liver disease presented up to 37.6% of patients with COVID-19. […] A fourth of COVID-19 patients had elevated liver enzymes and associated with disease severity. […] Intensive monitoring for liver injury may be needed in cases with severe COVID-19. |
| 32639848 | Cases with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to be complicated by liver injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). |
| 32640331 | Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. |
| 32641037 | We previously showed that the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) increases inflammatory cleaved caspase-1 activity in myocytes, and that caspase-1/11 is protective in sterile liver injury. |
| 32641296 | Hematological, liver, kidney, and inflammation laboratory values were analyzed on the day of drug level determination. |
| 32641369 | Published studies have revealed that some patients with COVID-19 had abnormal liver function in laboratory tests. […] Furthermore, these meta-analyses were suspected of overestimating the incidence of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 because some studies considered transaminase elevation as liver injury, which might partially result from cardiac and muscle injury. […] This systematic review aims to enrol published literatures related to COVID-19 without language restriction, analyse the data based on the severity of the COVID-19 and explore the impact of varied definitions of liver injury on the incidence of liver injury. […] We have conducted a preliminary search on PubMed and Excerpta Medica Database on 13 April 2020, for the studies published after December 2019 on the prevalence of acute liver injury and hypertransaminemia in patients with COVID-19. […] We will estimate the pooled incidence of hypertransaminemia and acute liver injury in patients with COVID-19 by using the random-effects model. |
| 32641471 | Data on serial liver biochemistries of patients infected by different human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are lacking. […] The impact of liver injury on adverse clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients remains unclear. |
| 32642770 | Based on collected proteomic datasets from human lung, colon, kidney, liver and heart, we constructed a virus-receptor network, a virus-interaction network and a virus-perturbation network. |
| 32645300 | Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography showed a normal liver and spleen without lymphadenopathy. |
| 32646061 | Based on studies in a range of in vitro and in vivo models, ergothioneine has exhibited the ability to modulate inflammation, scavenge free radicals, protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome, prevent endothelial dysfunction, protect against ischemia and reperfusion injury, protect against neuronal damage, counteract iron dysregulation, hinder lung and liver fibrosis, and mitigate damage to the lungs, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and testis, amongst many others. |
| 32646502 | Patients will be followed-up by specialist physicians and Primary Health Care professionals. - Men and women. - Age between 18 and 75 years old. - Diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection, by PCR and/or IgM+ antibody test and/or antigen test. - Clinical diagnosis of lung involvement: (respiratory symptoms +/- pathological auscultation +/- O2 desaturation) - Chest X-ray with mild-moderate alterations or normal. - Patients who give their verbal informed consent in front of witnesses, which will be reflected in the patients’ medical records. - Oxygen desaturation below 93% or P02 < 62. - Moderate-severe dyspnea or significant respiratory or general deterioration that makes admission advisable. - Chest X-ray with multifocal infiltrates. - Insulin-dependent diabetes with poor control or glycaemia in the emergency room test greater than 300 mg/ml (fasting or not). - Other significant comorbidities: Severe renal failure (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min); cirrhosis or chronic liver disease, poorly controlled hypertension. - Heart rhythm disturbances (including prolonged QT). - Severe immunosuppression (HIV infection, long-term use of immunosuppressive agents); cancer. - Pregnant or breast-feeding women. - Patients under use of glucocorticoids for other diseases. - History of allergy or intolerance to any of the drugs in the study (prednisone, azithromycin or hydroxychloroquine). - Patients who took one or more of the study drugs in the 7 days prior to study inclusion. - Patients taking non-suppressible drugs with risk of QT prolongation or significant interactions. - Patients unwilling or unable to participate until study completion. - Participation in another study. |
| 32646657 | Although liver transplant patients represent only a minority of the population, the hepatologists who follow these patients have tried to coordinate efforts to produce a protocol the management of immunosuppression during SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32649840 | Different degrees of liver injury or liver dysfunctions have been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection. […] However, currently, it remains unclear to what extent liver diseases should be considered as significant risk factors for the severity and mortality of COVID-19. […] Moreover, the mechanisms involved in liver injury in severe COVID-19 infection are not yet well understood. […] This review summarizes the current evidence on liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and the effects of preexisting liver disease on the disease severity. […] This review also illustrates the possible underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver injury, as well as provides recommendations to prevent liver damage in COVID-19 infection. […] The drug’s effects, possible viral inclusion in liver cells, systemic inflammation and hypoxia are potential causes of liver injury in severe COVID-19. |
| 32650675 | While the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, we are beginning to understand the role the gastrointestinal tract plays in the disease and the impact of the infection on the care of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases. […] We review the data and understanding around the virus related to the digestive tract, impact of the pandemic on delivery of GI services and daily gastroenterology clinical practice, and the effects on patients with pre-existing GI diseases. |
| 32651938 | We herein describe the impact of COVID-19 on liver function in 100 COVID-19 consecutive patients (median age 70 years, range 25-97; 79 males) who were admitted to our internal medicine unit in March 2020. […] We retrospectively assessed liver function tests, taking into account demographic characteristics and clinical outcome. […] A patient was considered as having liver injury when alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was > 50 mU/ml, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) > 50 mU/ml, or total bilirubin > 1.1 mg/dl. […] Liver function tests were altered in 62.4% of patients, and improved during follow-up. […] None of the seven patients with known chronic liver disease had liver decompensation. […] Only one patient developed acute liver failure. […] In patients with altered liver function tests, PaO2/FiO2 < 200 was associated with greater mortality and need for intensive care (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.07-5.11, p = 0.033). […] To conclude, a high prevalence of altered liver function tests was noticed in Italian patients with COVID-19, and this was associated with worse outcomes when developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. |
| 32654210 | However, evidence showed that, even if the prevalence of COVID-19 damage consists in pulmonary lesions and symptoms, it could also affect other organs, such as heart, liver, and spleen. |
| 32654313 | Qin and Wang report a case of a 37-year old patient with COVID-19 disease after undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). […] While these are interesting data on the course of COVID-19 disease in an immunosuppressed patient, we would like to highlight some particularly important issues related to management of liver disease and post-transplant care. |
| 32654359 | Although lungs seem to be the main target of the infection, very few information are available about liver involvement, possibly evocating a systemic disease. […] Post-mortem wedge liver biopsies from 48 patients died from severe pulmonary COVID-19 disease with respiratory failure were collected from two main hospitals in northern Italy. […] No patient had clinical symptoms of liver disease or signs of liver failure before and during hospitalization; for each of them liver function tests were available. […] All liver samples showed minimal inflammation features. […] Our preliminary results confirm the clinical impression that liver failure is not a main concern and this organ is not the target of significant inflammatory damage. |
| 32655724 | Mildly abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) are common in COVID-19 patients and are mostly due to systemic inflammatory response, hepatic ischemia or hepatotoxic medications. […] Close monitoring of liver function and supportive care of COVID-19 patients are recommended. |
| 32655733 | Currently, the first articles reporting outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are published. […] The aim of the present study was to summarise the existing evidence of impact of COVID-19 global pandemic on liver transplant recipients. […] Five studies were selected from a pool of 12 studies with a total of 854 liver transplant recipients of whom 700 were children and the rest 154 were adults. […] The present evidence, based on case reports and series demonstrated lower mortality in liver transplant recipients compared to general population. |
| 32656222 | Background: Liver injury commonly occurs in patients with COVID-19. […] There is limited data describing the course of liver injury occurrence in patients with different disease severity, and the causes and risk factors are unknown. […] We aim to investigate the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19. […] From January 19, 2020 to February 20, 2020, patients confirmed with COVID-19 (≥18 years) and without liver injury were enrolled and divided into non-critically ill and critically ill groups. […] The incidence and characteristics of liver injury were compared between the two groups. […] Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and treatment outcomes between patients with or without liver injury were compared within each group. […] The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors for liver injury. […] A total of 76 patients developed liver injury (mild, 40.5%; moderate, 15.3%; severe, 2.3%) with a median occurrence time of 10.0 days. […] 61.1%) of liver function than non-critically ill patients. […] Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44-9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. […] The metabolism of arbidol can be significantly inhibited by lopinavir/ritonavir in vitro (p < 0.005), which may be the underlying cause of drug-related liver injury. […] Liver injury was related to increased length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD]: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-5.2) and viral shedding duration (MD: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0-4.9). […] Conclusions: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffered earlier occurrence, greater injury severity, and slower recovery from liver injury than non-critically ill patients. […] Drug factors were related to liver injury in non-critically ill patients. […] Liver injury was related to prolonged hospital stay and viral shedding duration in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32656688 | Numerous reports handled emergency cesarean delivery. […] Although the mortality rate is reported to be high after surgery in patients with COVID-19, cesarean delivery was successfully performed under regional anesthesia in most cases and postoperative course was favorable both in the parents and newborns. […] There is no direct evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, a diagnosis of COVID-19 was made in a newborn two hours after delivery from a pregnant woman with COVID-19, based on the increased immunoglobulin levels and deranged liver function, suggesting that its possibility cannot be completely eliminated. |
| 32656794 | The global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant disruptions in care delivery. […] Patients with chronic liver diseases require a high level of care and are therefore particularly vulnerable to disruptions in medical services during COVID-19. […] Recent data has also identified chronic liver disease as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 related hospital mortality. […] In response to the pandemic, national and international societies have recommended interim changes to the management of patients with liver diseases. […] There is concern that reduced access to diagnosis and treatment can also lead to increased morbidity in patients with liver diseases and we may witness a delayed surge of hospitalizations related to decompensated liver disease after the COVID-19 pandemic has receded. […] Therefore, it is paramount that liver practices craft a comprehensive plan for safe resumption of clinical operations while minimizing the risk of exposure to patients and healthcare professionals. […] Here, we provide a broad roadmap for how to safely resume care for patients with chronic liver disease according to various phases of the pandemic with particular emphasis on outpatient care, liver transplantation, liver cancer care and endoscopy. |
| 32657473 | We present TWIRLS (Topic-wise inference engine of massive biomedical literatures), a method that can deal with various scientific problems, such as liver cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and so forth, which can automatically acquire, organize, and classify information. |
| 32660185 | Liver injury is a common complication of patients receiving COVID-19 treatment and its possible high incidence may affect the outcome of the disease. […] The pathogenesis of COVID-19 combined with liver injury in existing studies is still unclear, and relevant guidelines and expert consensuses are insufficient for clinical diagnosis and treatment. |
| 32660964 | COVID-19 and cirrhosis characteristics, development of organ failures and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and mortality (inpatient death+hospice) were compared. 37 patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19 were matched with 108 patients with COVID-19 and 127 patients with cirrhosis from seven sites. […] Patients with cirrhosis alone had higher cirrhosis-related complications, maximum model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and lower BiPAP/ventilation requirement compared with patients with cirrhosis+COVID-19, but CCI and ACLF rates were similar. |
| 32660993 | Previously, ivermectin (1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight) was shown to inhibit the liver-stage development of Plasmodium berghei in orally dosed mice. […] The safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of oral ivermectin (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg) with and without chloroquine (10 mg/kg) administered for 7 consecutive days were evaluated for prophylaxis or radical cure of P. cynomolgi liver stages in rhesus macaques. |
| 32662342 | Additional laboratory biochemical tests, including monitoring the change in blood cells, blood gas, coagulation, liver function, cardiac markers, and inflammatory responses such as cytokine levels in plasma, are also critical in combating COVID-19. |
| 32663351 | We undertook a web-based survey among parents of post-liver transplant pediatric patients to assess knowledge and concerns regarding COVID-19 pandemic and impact of social media on them. […] A 19-item questionnaire was sent to 172 parents of post-liver transplant children. 106 (62%) of parents responded. |
| 32664161 | Many commonly discussed medications being used to treat COVID-19 are not without potentially harmful side effects such as heart, liver, kidney problems, or other clinical symptoms. […] Primary outcomes would be used to evaluate the mortality rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine, troponin, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), blood pressure, clinical symptoms (including fever, fatigue, myalgia, cough, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), and serum cytokine levels. |
| 32665039 | Exclusion criteria include: currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant during the study period, and/or breast feeding; known hypersensitivity/allergy to hydroxychloroquine or to 4-aminoquinoline compounds; current use of hydroxychloroquine; known prolonged QT syndrome and/or baseline resting ECG with QTc>450 ms and/or concomitant medications which simultaneously may prolong the QTc that cannot be temporarily suspended/replaced; known pre-existing retinopathy, G6PD deficiency, porphyria, liver disease including cirrhosis, encephalopathy, hepatitis or alcoholism, diabetes on oral hypoglycemics or insulin, or renal insufficiency/failure; disclosure of self-administered use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine within 12 weeks prior to study; confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 at time of enrollment. |
| 32665398 | Severe liver damage is associated with worse outcome in COVID-19. […] Our aim was to explore the degree of liver damage, liver stiffness (LS) and severity of illness in patients with COVID-19. […] We performed laboratory testing, liver and spleen sonography and elastography to measure organ stiffness. 12 patients (38%) showed elevated aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels. […] Even mild liver damage raised LS significantly in COVID-19 as it was in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. […] Transient elastography is a useful and non-invasive tool to assess onset and severity of acute liver injury in patients with COVID-19 patients. |
| 32666588 | Liver transplant (LT) recipients are considered at a particularly high risk for developing critical COVID-19 infection. |
| 32667418 | Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or chronic liver disease are not at greater risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 relative to the general population. |
| 32667668 | Factors independently associated with death included older age (≥80 vs <40 years of age: odds ratio [OR], 11.15; 95% CI, 6.19-20.06), male sex (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.19-1.90), higher body mass index (≥40 vs <25: OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01-2.25), coronary artery disease (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.07-2.02), active cancer (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.35-3.43), and the presence of hypoxemia (Pao2:Fio2<100 vs ≥300 mm Hg: OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 2.11-4.08), liver dysfunction (liver Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 2 vs 0: OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.30-5.25), and kidney dysfunction (renal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 4 vs 0: OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.46-4.05) at ICU admission. |
| 32667716 | The impact of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in liver recipients remains largely unknown. […] We aimed to report a single-center case series of five consecutive patients in the early postoperative period of deceased-donor liver transplantation who developed nosocomial COVID-19. |
| 32668494 | Although the clinical features of COVID-19 related liver injury have been investigated, there have been no reports and studies on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients co-infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). […] This study aimed to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2/HBV co-infection could influence liver function and the disease outcome. […] The clinical, laboratory data and the length of stay were collected and analyzed retrospectively. 20 patients with HBV co-infection (6.1%) and 306 patients (93.9%) without HBV infection showed no differences in the level of liver function parameters. […] Taken together, we found no evidence that SARS-CoV-2/HBV co-infection could aggravate liver injury or extend duration of hospitalization. |
| 32669866 | In this study, we assessed the characteristics of markers of the liver in patients with COVID-19 to provide new insights in improving clinical treatment. […] We recruited 279 patients who confirmed COVID-19 and the data of liver biomarkers and complete blood count of patients were defined as the day onset when the patients admitted to the hospital. […] Hepatic injury and abnormal liver enzymes related to COVID-19 infection is an acute non-specific inflammation alteration. |
| 32679617 | Liver impairment is frequent in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and direct viral tropism for the liver has been proven. […] Since several of the currently administered drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are possibly hepatotoxic, the management of patients with COVID-19 and liver failure is still an almost unexplored field. […] Where the available therapeutic options are scarce, we here propose hemoperfusion (HP) as an attractive alternative to both delay any late-stage progression of hyper inflammation process in COVID-19 and remove the toxins involved in acute liver failure. |
| 32681166 | One case showed hemophagocytosis in the spleen but none showed hemophagocytosis in liver or bone marrow. |
| 32681674 | Although not common, gastrointestinal and liver symptoms have reportedly been the initial presentation of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in a large group of patients. […] A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data on the gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of patients with COVID-19 was performed. […] Original studies providing information on clinical digestive symptoms or biomarkers of liver function in patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. […] After adjusting for preexisting gastrointestinal (5.9%) and liver diseases (4.2%), the most common gastrointestinal findings were diarrhea (8.7%, 95% CI = 5.4%-13.9%), anorexia (8.0%, 95% CI = 3.0%-19.8%), and nausea (5.1%, 95% CI = 2.2%-14.3%). […] Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations are not rare in patients with COVID-19, but their prevalence might be affected by preexisting diseases. […] Diarrhea and mild liver abnormalities seem to be relatively common in COVID-19, regardless of comorbidities. |
| 32682358 | High neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, low lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet count, elevated liver enzymes, low GFR, high levels of muscle enzymes, ferritin and IL-6 on admission were found to be associated with SARI/critical disease (p<0.05). […] This cohort study regarding COVID-19 cases in Turkey reveals that older age, presence of co-morbidity, bilateral infiltration on CT, high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, low monocyte and platelet count, elevated liver enzymes, low GFR, high levels of muscle enzymes, and high levels of ferritin and IL-6 on admission are predictors of SARI and severe disease. |
| 32683613 | Steatosis was measured with placement of a single ROI in the right lobe of the liver (segments VI-VII) and defined as a liver attenuation value ≤ 40 HU. […] These findings are in accordance with other recent studies linking obesity and COVID-19 infection, as there is an intricate relationship between liver steatosis, metabolic syndrome and obesity. |
| 32685180 | Therefore, early evaluation and monitoring of both liver and kidney functions, as well as hematologic parameters, are pivotal to forecast the progression of COVID-19. […] In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between several complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), acute liver injury (ALI), and coagulopathy, with poor outcomes in COVID-19. […] Acute liver injury and coagulopathy were not defined in most of the studies. |
| 32685369 | We report a case of COVID-19 in a patient with a kidney and liver transplant and discuss the early use of tocilizumab to prevent the cytokine storm and attempt to reduce the likelihood of progression to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). |
| 32686219 | In preclinical models, senolytics delay, prevent or alleviate frailty, cancers and cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, liver, kidney, musculoskeletal, lung, eye, haematological, metabolic and skin disorders as well as complications of organ transplantation, radiation and cancer treatment. |
| 32687645 | Hypoglycaemia elevated liver function tests and QT prolongation were monitored in both groups. |
| 32688374 | Biological markers of inflammation and liver/kidney function were monitored. |
| 32692464 | Several recent studies have reported an abnormal liver chemistry profile among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although its clinical significance remains unknown. […] This novel systematic review and meta-analysis identified six studies of 586 patients delineating liver chemistries among patients with severe/critical illness versus mild cases of COVID-19 infection. […] Comorbidities, including CAD, cerebrovascular disease, and COPD, are more prevalent in hospitalized Chinese patients with severe/critical illness from COVID-19, and these patients are more likely to manifest with abnormal liver chemistries. |
| 32693151 | After 4 weeks of implementation of intra-hospital protocols for the control of the Covid-19 epidemic, 112 patients were operated on (104 oncology or emergency surgeries and 8 liver transplants). |
| 32694915 | Thus, this narrative review describes clinically important considerations about the treatment of COVID-19 and immunosuppressive regimens regarding modifications, side effects, and interactions in adult kidney or liver allograft recipients. |
| 32695551 | 0.42 (0.28-0.79) mg/L, p = 0.000; While the liver function parameter alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) didn’t show significance between two groups, ALT 30.80 (19.00-58.30) IU/L vs. |
| 32696264 | These organs include the kidney, liver, muscles, nervous system, and spleen. |
| 32697870 | The effect of COVID-19 on liver injury has not been fully presented. […] To evaluate the dynamic changes in liver function and the relationship between liver function damage and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. […] Patients were classified as normal, abnormal liver function and liver injury. […] Of 675 patients, 253 (37.5%) had abnormal liver function during hospitalisation, and 52 (7.7%) had liver injury. […] The dynamic changes of ALT and AST levels were more significant in patients with liver injury and in those who died. […] Increased leucocytes, decreased lymphocytes and female sex were independently associated with liver injury. […] The dynamic changes in liver function may have a significant correlation with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. […] Increased index of liver injury was closely related to mortality and need for mechanical ventilation. |
| 32701969 | We measured incident Grade 3 or 4 blood count and liver test abnormalities, ventricular arrhythmias, and vomiting and diarrhea within 10 days after HCQ initiation, and the proportion of patients who completed HCQ therapy. […] Incident blood count and liver test abnormalities occurred in <15% of patients and incident vomiting or diarrhea was rare. |
| 32703730 | The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the quality of care for patients with liver disease is still unknown. […] The Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) conducted a survey to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hepatology units activities in Italy. […] All hepatological activities, including the management of patients with decompensated liver disease, liver transplant and HCC had been significantly reduced/stopped. […] This survey can serve as a basis to compare the impact of future measures aimed at delivering an acceptable level of liver care during a national pandemic or crisis. |
| 32705604 | However, safety issues related both to the risk of bleeding and to that of developing rare but serious liver and brain damage mostly among children (i.e., Reye’s syndrome) should be considered. |
| 32705906 | However, recent data have highlighted the impact of the Sars-CoV-2 related disease namely COVID-19 on the liver. […] Hepatic abnormalities significantly increase during COVID-19 and a more severe infection occurs in patients with pre-existing liver diseases, among which the most frequent is metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). […] It has been described that MAFLD patients had a higher risk of progression to severe COVID-19, higher abnormal liver tests and longer viral shedding time. […] Due to the overgrowing prevalence of MAFLD, it could be speculated that a large proportion of the population might be at risk of severe COVID-19 and the identification of these patients possibly by using liver enzymes as risk predictors may be crucial for an early diagnosis and for the management of the infection. |
| 32706953 | Prolongation of the corrected QT interval and elevation of liver-enzyme levels were more frequent in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine, alone or with azithromycin, than in those who were not receiving either agent. |
| 32707089 | NAC blocked hemolysis and elevation of liver enzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin and allowed removal from respirator and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenator and full recovery of the G6PD-deficient patient. |
| 32708319 | Results show that Ly6E ablation at hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to a progressive impaired immune response in both liver and spleen. […] Specifically, depletion of the normal leukocyte mediated immunity and chemokine signaling is observed in the liver of Ly6E Δ H S C mice. |
| 32710250 | Except for lung injury, it is possible that COVID-19 patients develop liver injury. […] Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of abnormal liver biochemical tests in COVID-19 patients. […] The incidence of abnormal liver biochemical tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and albumin (ALB), was pooled. […] Risk ratio (RR) was calculated to explore the association of abnormal liver biochemical tests with severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. […] The pooled incidence of any abnormal liver biochemical indicator at admission and during hospitalization was 27.2% and 36%, respectively. […] Among the abnormal liver biochemical indicators observed at admission, abnormal ALB was the most common, followed by GGT, AST, ALT, TBIL, and ALP (39.8%, 35.8%, 21.8%, 20.4%, 8.8%, and 4.7%). […] Among the abnormal liver biochemical indicators observed during hospitalization, abnormal ALT was more common than AST and TBIL (38.4%, 28.1%, and 23.2%). […] Severe and/or critical patients had a significantly higher pooled incidence of abnormal liver biochemical indicators at admission than mild and/or moderate patients. […] Non-survivors had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal liver biochemical indicators than survivors (RR = 1.34, p = 0.04). […] Abnormal liver biochemical tests are common in COVID-19 patients. […] Liver biochemical indicators are closely related to the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. |
| 32710910 | Liver abnormalities in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection, including hepatitis and cholestasis, have been observed in adults and are associated with worse outcomes. |
| 32713118 | Abnormal liver function is a common form of extra-pulmonary organ damage in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Patients with severe COVID-19 have a higher probability and progression of liver injury than those without severe disease. […] We aimed to evaluate the prognosis of liver injury in patients with COVID-19. […] Clinical features and survival of patients with and without liver injury were compared. […] Among the 502 patients enrolled, 301 patients had abnormal liver function with increased neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, creatinine, troponin I (TnI), D-dimer, lactose dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. […] Patients with abnormal liver functions had a higher mortality rate (28.9% vs 9.0%, P < 0.001), a higher ratio of male sex (65.1% vs 40.8%, P < 0.001) and a higher chance of developing systemic inflammatory response syndrome (53.5% vs 41.3%, P = 0.007). […] Among patients with abnormal liver functions, patients with grade 2 liver damage (with both abnormal alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase levels and abnormal alkaline phosphatase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels) had a higher ratio of male patients, elevated neutrophil count, procalcitonin, D-dimer levels and mortality rate. […] Multivariate Cox regression analyses suggested that the grade of liver damage (hazard ratio: 1.377, 95% confidence interval: 1.000-1.896, P = 0.049) was an independent predictor of death. […] Patients with COVID-19 and abnormal liver functions have a higher mortality than those with normal liver functions. […] Liver damage is an independent prognostic factor of COVID-19. |
| 32714077 | After comparing the patients between intensive care (ICU) group and non-ICU group, several important factors were found to significantly increase the risk of exacerbations in patients with NCIP, and they included hypertension (RR=2.34; 95% CI=1.21 to 4.51; P=0.01), cardiovascular diseases (RR=2.28; 95% CI=1.13 to 4.58; P=0.02), COPD (RR=7.65; 95% CI=1.24 to 47.13; P=0.03), dyspnea (RR=2.89; 95% CI=2.05 to 4.08; P<0.00001), myalgia or fatigue (RR=1.24; 95% CI=1.01 to 1.52; P=0.04), but several factors such as gender, Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market exposure, diabetes, chronic liver disease, malignancy, fever, cough, expectoration, headache and diarrhoea appeared to have no obvious effect on the exacerbation of pneumonia. |
| 32714688 | We reviewed the mechanisms, clinical manifestation, impact on pre-existing liver diseases, and recommendations endorsed by the several GI societies for the management and prevention of its transmission. |
| 32718894 | Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients had more obvious abnormal laboratory results related to inflammation, coagulation disorders, liver and kidney damage (all P < 0.05). |
| 32719218 | Safety outcomes included an increase in liver transaminases and/or evidence of infection. |
| 32719737 | Kidney, Liver and Heart along with coagulopathies. |
| 32720031 | This is expressed in human tissues, not only in the respiratory epithelia, but also in the small intestines, heart, liver, and kidneys. |
| 32720223 | The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease. |
| 32720678 | We did not find strong evidence that SARS-CoV-2 plays a role in damage of liver and the central nervous system. |
| 32720827 | On admission, the platelet count and liver function tests were within normal limits. |
| 32721038 | There was mild liver function injury (aspartate aminotransferase, 65.8 ± 12.7 vs 67.4 ± 9.3 U/L, P = 0.246; alanine aminotransferase, 66.4 ± 13.2 vs 69.6 ± 12.7 U/L, P = 0.352), and normal renal function was intact (blood urea nitrogen 6.4 ± 2.5 vs 5.6 ± 2.8 mmol/L P = 0.358; creatinine 85.7 ± 37.2, 91.2 ± 32.6 μmol/L, P = 0.297). |
| 32721533 | In patients with severe/fatal COVID-19, the most prevalent chronic comorbidities were obesity (42%, 95% CI 34-49%) and hypertension (40%, 95% CI 35-45%), followed by diabetes (17%, 95% CI 15-20%), cardiovascular disease (13%, 95% CI 11-15%), respiratory disease (8%, 95% CI 6-10%), cerebrovascular disease (6%, 95% CI 4-8%), malignancy (4%, 95% CI 3-6%), kidney disease (3%, 95% CI 2-4%), and liver disease (2%, 95% CI 1-3%). […] No correlation was observed between liver disease and COVID-19 aggravation (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.95-2.49). |
| 32721580 | Recently, the Food and Drug Agency (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended remdesivir for the treatment of patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.1,2 In the remdesivir clinical development program, some cases have raised concerns regarding potential hepatobiliary disorders associated with remdesivir, including in healthy volunteers and patients with COVID-19.3 In cohort studies of patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19 who were treated with compassionate-use remdesivir, elevated hepatic enzymes were the most frequent adverse drug reaction reported.4,5 In the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the effect of intravenous remdesivir in adults admitted to hospital with severe COVID-19 (n = 237), a higher proportion of remdesivir recipients than placebo recipients had dosing prematurely stopped by the investigators because of adverse events including aminotransferase or bilirubin increases (3 versus 0).6 Although there is no signal from the available data of severe hepatotoxicity or drug-induced liver injury in clinical trials, the number of patients exposed to remdesivir was too limited. |
| 32721928 | The impact of COVID-19 on liver function is not well described. […] COVID-19 is frequently associated with mild liver function abnormality, particularly in individuals with severe/critical COVID-19 who were older. […] Liver function should be monitored carefully during infection, with judicious use of hepatotoxic agents where possible and avoidance of prolonged hypotension to minimize liver injury in older patients. […] We analyzed the incidence of liver function test (LFT) abnormality in these patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. |
| 32725453 | Abnormal liver enzymes are seen in 20% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. […] The etiology of elevated liver enzymes is thought to be multifactorial including medications and underlying liver disease. […] The true prevalence and clinical significance of underlying chronic liver diseases (CLD) in COVID-19 remains poorly defined. […] To date, the clinical importance of chronic liver diseases among COVID-19 infection has remained undefined. […] In this novel systematic review and meta-analysis, the presence of underlying chronic liver disease was significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 infections and mortality. |
| 32725890 | Liver injury has been reported as a non-pulmonary manifestation of COVID-19 but characterization of liver test abnormalities and their association with clinical outcomes is incomplete. […] Clinical characteristics, liver tests (AST, ALT, ALP, TBIL, albumin) at three time points (pre-infection baseline, admission, peak hospitalization), and hospitalization outcomes (severe COVID-19, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, death) were analyzed. […] Abnormal liver tests were commonly observed in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, both at admission (AST 66.9%, ALT 41.6%, ALP 13.5%, TBIL 4.3%) and peak hospitalization (AST 83.4%, ALT 61.6%, ALP 22.7%, TBIL 16.1%). […] Most patients with abnormal liver tests at admission had minimal elevations 1-2x ULN (AST 63.7%, ALT 63.5%, ALP 80.0%, TBIL 75.7%). […] A significant proportion of these patients had abnormal liver tests pre-hospitalization (AST 25.9%, ALT 38.0%, ALP 56.8%, TBIL 44.4%). […] Multivariate analysis revealed an association between abnormal liver tests and severe COVID-19, including ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death; associations with age, male gender, BMI, and diabetes mellitus were also observed. […] Medications used in COVID-19 treatment (lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and tocilizumab) were associated with peak hospitalization liver transaminase elevations >5x ULN. […] Conclusion: Abnormal liver tests occur in most hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and may be associated with poorer clinical outcomes. |
| 32727662 | The impact of the virus on the liver is not well known, but in patients with chronic liver disease, mostly in advanced stages, it can critically compromise survival and trigger decompensation. […] Moreover, the pandemic has also negatively impacted patients with liver disease who have not contracted COVID-19, since the reallocation of human and material resources to the care of patients with the virus has resulted in a decrease in the treatment, diagnosis and follow-up of patients with liver disease, which will surely have negative consequences in the near future. […] Efficient reorganization of hepatology units is a priority to minimise the impact of the pandemic on a population as vulnerable as liver disease patients. |
| 32729013 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with elevated liver biochemistries in approximately half of hospitalized patients, with many possible etiologies. […] To assess agreement on the etiology of abnormal liver biochemistries and diagnostic recommendations in COVID-19. […] Kappa agreement between hepatologists on the primary etiology of elevated liver biochemistries was 0.10 (p = 0.03). […] Agreement was greater around drug-induced liver injury 0.51 (p < 0.0001) and SARS-CoV-2-related liver injury 0.17 (p = 0.03). […] Serial liver biochemistries were recommended in all consultations over other evaluations. […] In COVID-19, elevated liver biochemistries present a diagnostic challenge and can often be monitored conservatively. |
| 32729953 | Concomitant liver disease could increase the severity of COVID-19 disease, and chronic liver disease patients sometimes require frequent admission and gastrointestinal endoscopy. […] Thus, clarifying the prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 in outpatients with liver disease is essential for preventing nosocomial infections. […] We aimed to clarify the time-dependent changes in COVID-19 seroprevalence in liver disease outpatients, who were asymptomatic for COVID-19, in an area of Japan experiencing a second wave of COVID-19. […] We included the preserved sera of 100, 300, and 300 consecutive liver disease outpatients, who were asymptomatic for COVID-19, from May 2019, March 2020, and May 2020, respectively. […] The cumulative seroprevalence of COVID-19 by the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay in outpatients with liver disease in Sapporo, who were asymptomatic for COVID-19, was 0.17% (1/600; 95% CI, 0.0-0.9%) until May 2020. |
| 32732586 | We discuss the pathologic findings of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, brain, kidneys, heart, and the reproductive and immune systems that are associated with COVID-19. |
| 32733785 | The expression level of hACE2 protein was determined to be high in hearts, kidneys, and brains of dTg mice, whereas lung, liver, and testis tissues expressed low levels. |
| 32733980 | Prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, chronic kidney disease, malignancies, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic liver disease and smoking were extracted to measure the pooled estimates. […] Other most prevalent finding was diabetes mellitus (DM) in 11%, cerebrovascular disease in 2.4%, cardiovascular disease in 5.8%, chronic kidney disease in 3.6%, chronic liver disease in 2.9%, chronic pulmonary disease in 2.0%, malignancy in 2.7%, and smoking in 8.7% of the patients. |
| 32734407 | We examine the incidence of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing compensated chronic liver disease (CLD). […] Pre-existing CLD includes those with liver cirrhosis assessed by APRI/FIB-4 score and /or ultrasound; NAFLD as identified by either ultrasound or hepatic steatosis index with significant liver fibrosis and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or hepatitis C (CHC) infection. […] All patients had liver function test at least twice weekly till discharge with full recovery or death. […] In total, 3 had liver cirrhosis, 6 patients had CHB, 13 had NAFLD with significant liver fibrosis (one also had CHB). […] On admission, none had liver decompensation. […] One patient with CLD had acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). |
| 32738141 | The IF pattern was composed of liver and gastric mucosa staining on rat kidney/liver/stomach sections. |
| 32738845 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 2019) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is observed to cause liver dysfunction. […] We aimed to observe abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in COVID-19 patients admitted in our hospital. […] Thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigations including Complete Blood Count, Renal function Tests, Liver Function Tests, Chest X-ray, ECG, etc. were done. […] The prevalence of Abnormal Liver function tests in patients of COVID-19 is 59.04%. […] Abnormal liver functions were more in males. |
| 32740969 | Clinical research in hepatology has had a rich tradition in several domains, including the discovery and therapeutic development for diseases such as hepatitis B and C, and studying the natural history of many forms of chronic liver disease. |
| 32744713 | Liver injury occurred in all seven cases during the course of the disease. […] The liver function recovered in all patients within one week of conventional liver protection treatment. […] In some cases, especially in patients with severe disease type, COVID-19 may also cause liver injury. […] The liver function of patients with severe COVID-19 should be very carefully monitored, especially if the patients are elderly and have underlying comorbidities. |
| 32745298 | In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, McDonald et al. (2020) compare transcriptomic responses to co-infection by the two chytrid fungi in the skin, liver and spleen of Eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). |
| 32745308 | The profiles of liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients need to be clarified. […] Liver function abnormalities were observed in 29.1% of the elderly COVID-19 patients, which were slightly and transient in most cases. […] Liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 may be correlated with bacterial infection. |
| 32749642 | It is also reassuring that the outcome of COVID-19 is unaffected by the underlying GI disorder or its treatment, though potential concerns remain in regard to the use of immunomodulatory treatments in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and liver transplant recipients. […] Decompensation of liver cirrhosis is, however, possible during COVID-19 episodes. |
| 32750019 | To be prepared for any possibility, we consider it important to summarize the current knowledge regarding COVID-19 of liver and kidney transplant patients. […] Stop (kidney transplanted patients) or decrease (liver transplanted patients) immunosuppression and maintain corticosteroids when pulmonal injury develops and consider anti-IL1 and anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody use when hyperinflammatory syndrome is evolving. |
| 32750442 | Prospective nationwide study including a consecutive cohort of liver transplant patients with Covid-19 recruited during the Spanish outbreak from February 28th to April 7th, 2020. […] Age- and gender-standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIR and SMR) were calculated using data from the Ministry of Health and the Spanish liver transplant registry. […] A total of 111 liver transplant patients were diagnosed with Covid-19 (SIR=191.2 [95%CI 190.3-192.2]). […] The epidemiological curve and geographic distribution overlapped widely between liver transplant and general populations. […] Being chronically immunosuppressed, liver transplant patients have an increased risk of acquiring Covid-19 but their mortality rates are lower than matched general population. |
| 32754041 | Increases in the level of serum liver enzymes, D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine have been observed in severely ill patients, indicating that multiple organ failure had occurred in these cases. |
| 32754608 | COVID-19 infection can involve multiple body organs other than respiratory tract and lungs such as liver. […] It is hypothesized that COVID-19-associated liver injury can hamper the host drug metabolism and excretion. […] Liver involvement present with the elevation of enzymatic levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) accompanied by enhanced total bilirubin and decreased albumin levels has been reported in COVID-19 cases. […] One of the major concerns during COVID-19 outbreak is the population with a history of pre-existing liver disorders including viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune hepatitis, hepatic compensated, and decompensated cirrhosis. […] Herein, we discussed the probable correlation between COVID-19 infection and liver damages, particularly chronic and pre-existing liver diseases during COVID-19 outbreak. […] Furthermore, we explained about the liver transplant recipients and post-transplant drugs used in patients with COVID-19 infection. […] Finally, we discussed about the therapeutic medications administered in COVID-19 patients with underlying liver injuries and their significant considerations. |
| 32756323 | Emerging evidence has shown its role in liver diseases through the immune system cross-talk. […] We review herein literature data regarding the triangular interaction between gut microbiota, immune system and liver in health and disease. […] We conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, microbiome, gut virome, immunity, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. […] The latter maintain health but are also involved in the pathophysiology and in the outcome of several liver diseases, particularly those with metabolic, toxic or immune-mediated etiology. […] In this context, gut virome has an emerging role in liver diseases and needs to be further investigated, especially due to the link reported between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hepatic dysfunctions. […] Changes in gut microbiota composition and alterations in the immune system response are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and immune-mediated liver diseases. |
| 32757500 | One patient in the 10-day group received RDV for only 5 days because of nausea and elevated liver transaminases. […] Half of the patients developed elevated liver transaminases and three had nausea. |
| 32758298 | ◦ Liver enzymes > 5 times the upper normal range. |
| 32758659 | Seventeen factors were independently associated with an increased hazard of death, the strongest among them including advanced age, liver cirrhosis, low age-adjusted oxygen saturation, higher concentrations of C-reactive protein and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. |
| 32758877 | Together with the reported markers of liver injury, such hyperinflammatory state may trigger significant derangements in hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery, and subsequent modulation of drug clearance that may result in unexpected therapeutic/toxic response. |
| 32761128 | Moderate disease was present in 40 cases and cardiac injury occurred in 38 cases, following by liver dysfunction in 20 cases and lymphocytosis in no cases. |
| 32761993 | With the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and high endemic levels of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, it is urgent to investigate liver function changes of COVID-19 patients with chronic HBV infection, and how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in turn affects the course of chronic HBV infection. […] After PSM, the longitudinal changes of median values for liver biochemistries were not significantly different between the two groups. […] Liver dysfunction presented in COVID-19 patients with/without chronic HBV. […] It is necessary to monitor liver function of COVID-19 patients, as well as HBV-DNA levels for those co-infected with HBV during the whole disease course. |
| 32762168 | In addition, in the process of nutrition implementation, it is necessary to closely monitor the adverse reactions such as abdominal distention, diarrhea, regurgitation, phlebitis and liver function damage, timely adjust the nutrition program to ensure the smooth implementation of nutritional support. |
| 32764201 | Of 83, 14 (16.8%) had elevated lipase (>3 × ULN), which was associated with higher rates of leukocytosis (P < 0.001) and abnormal liver enzymes (P < 0.01). |
| 32765012 | Medical history, imaging data (CT chest findings), and measured hematological and biochemical parameters at diagnosis were recorded in the form of complete blood counts and differential counts; CRP, ESR, serum ferritin, creatinine, and liver function tests . |
| 32765952 | Patients with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% CI, 2.08-2.78), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR = 3.54; 95% CI, 2.68-4.68), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR=3.70; 95% CI, 2.93-4.68), chronic liver disease (CLD) (OR=1.48; 95% CI, 1.09-2.01), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.47-2.30), chronic cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.84-3.49) and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.12-4.05) were more likely to develop severe COVID-19. |
| 32766427 | The early effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on transplantation are dramatic: >75% of kidney and liver programs are either suspended or operating under major restrictions. |
| 32766541 | Among acute myocardial injury (AMI), acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute liver injury (ALI), the heart was the earliest injured organ, whereas the time from AKI to death was the shortest. |
| 32766543 | We present a COVID-19 autopsy series including findings in lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and bone, from a New York academic medical center. |
| 32766565 | Urinary β2-microglobulin, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein were serially measured. […] Urine tests revealed that low β2-microglobulin and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein levels were associated with mild disease, whereas high levels were associated with severe disease. […] In severe cases, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein tended to be persistently high. […] The resulting cutoff values were β2-microglobulin; severe versus moderate + mild: 2,457 μg/dL (specificity 76.9% and sensitivity 90.0%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 85.9%), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; severe versus moderate + mild: 22.0 μg/gCre (specificity 84.6% and sensitivity 90%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 91.8%). […] Evaluating urinary biomarkers such as β2-microglobulin and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein may allow determination of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with active cytokines and recognition of patients likely to become critically ill and requiring careful observation and early intervention. |
| 32766815 | Four hundred eighty-two SOT recipients from >50 transplant centers were included: 318 (66%) kidney or kidney/pancreas, 73 (15.1%) liver, 57 (11.8%) heart, and 30 (6.2%) lung. |
| 32767788 | First, the authors believed that elevated levels of liver injury markers, particularly aspartate aminotransferase (AST), may reflect true hepatic injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] However, it should be noted that AST is usually considered a less specific marker for liver injury than alanine aminotransferase (ALT). |
| 32767854 | We read with interest the article by Bloom et al reporting liver biochemistry-associated trends, etiologies, and outcomes in 60 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] The authors reported that 69% of the patients had abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) on admission and 93% during their hospital stay, with an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) predominance. |
| 32769260 | We aimed to evaluate the distribution of abnormal liver-related biomarkers in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and explore the prognostic value of elevated liver enzymes and abnormal liver synthetic capacity with regards to patient mortality. […] However, changes in liver-related biomarkers were not associated with poor outcome in multivariate analysis (p > 0.05). […] Moreover, changes in liver-related biomarkers is not a salient feature of COVID-19. |
| 32769892 | The items for laboratory tests included blood routine examination, liver function, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, markers of myocardial injury, B-type natriuretic peptide, D-dimer, and so forth. |
| 32770973 | The patient had undergone liver transplantation 3 years prior to his referral due to primary sclerosing cholangitis in association with ulcerative colitis and was using immunosuppressive medications. […] Our patient who had liver transplantation and COVID-19 did not present more severe symptoms compared to his counterpart without liver transplantation and did not need to be hospitalized or be given antiviral drugs for COVID-19. |
| 32771032 | Those pregnant or lactating, severely dyspneic or with respiratory distress, already undergoing treatment, and with serious comorbidities like liver or kidney failure will be excluded. |
| 32771034 | Inclusion Criteria: - Patients with mild COVID19 (defined as upper respiratory tract infection symptoms in the absence of clinical or radiological signs of pneumonia). - Adult (18 - 65 years old). - Written informed consent by the patient (or legally authorized representative) prior to initiation of any study procedures. - All patients should understand and agree to comply with planned study procedures. - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from throat swab. - Patients with pneumonia or severe illness requiring admission to intensive care unit. - Severe chronic kidney disease (i.e. estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 30 mL / min) or end stage renal disease requiring dialysis - Severe chronic liver disease (Alanine transaminase [AlT] or Aspartate transaminase [AST] > 5 times the upper limit of normal). - Pregnancy or breast feeding. - Anticipated transfer within 72 hours to another hospital that is not a study site. - Allergy to the study medication The trial is currently conducted on patients recruited from King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. |
| 32771488 | Administration of anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab led to a marked decline in D-dimers and neutrophil counts in all three cases, and normalization of liver functions and creatinine in two. |
| 32773818 | The patient’s symptoms (such as fever, chills, dry cough, muscle aches), laboratory tests (such as decreased white blood cell count, elevated liver enzymes and D-dimer, positive viral nucleic acid test), and chest CT (multiple left lower lung plaque ground glass shadow) were similar to those of non-transplanted novel coronavirus pneumonia patients. |
| 32775790 | Owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, radiation oncology departments have adopted various strategies to deliver radiation therapy safely and efficiently while minimizing the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission among patients and health care providers. […] One practical strategy is to deliver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in a single fraction, which has been well established for treating bone metastases, although it has been infrequently used for other extracranial sites. […] Prospective and retrospective studies supporting a single-fraction regimen are limited, although outcomes are promising for renal cell carcinoma, liver metastases, and adrenal metastases. |
| 32776161 | Liver dysfunction has been reported to occur frequently in patients with COVID-19, although its significance has not yet been elucidated. […] Hepatocellular-type liver injury, defined as elevation of the serum AST and/or ALT levels to ≥ 3 times the ULN, was seen in 2 patients (5.7%), and cholestasis-type liver injury, defined as elevation of the serum ALP, γ-GTP and/or total bilirubin levels to ≥ twice the ULN, was seen in 4 patients (11.4%). […] A total of 9 patients (25.7%) fulfilled the criteria for liver injury. […] The percentage of patients with liver injury was higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in the remaining patients (P = 0.001). […] Both the hepatic CT attenuation values and the liver-to-spleen attenuation (L/S) ratios at admission were lower in the former patients than in the latter patients (P < 0.001). […] Liver dysfunction associated with reduced hepatic CT attenuation values correlated with the disease severity in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32777322 | The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the incremental change in hepatitis C liver-related deaths and liver cancer, following a 3-month, 6-month, or 1-year hiatus in hepatitis elimination program progress. […] The “1-year delay” scenario resulted in 44,800 (95% UI: 43,800 - 49,300) excess hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 72,300 (95% UI: 70,600 - 79,400) excess liver-related deaths (LRDs), relative to the “no delay” scenario globally, from 2020-2030. |
| 32777784 | Abnormal liver function has been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection. […] Aim of our study was to report on the prevalence of liver injury in our cohort, to evaluate the association of mild vs severe liver injury with mortality in COVID-19 patients and to scrutinize the temporal pattern of viral detection and liver injury. […] The patients were divided into three groups according to their liver status during treatment. […] The first group included patients without elevated alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin, the third patients meeting the biochemical criteria of acute liver failure (ALF) and the second all other patients. […] Liver injury was detected in 75 (50.7%) and 93 (63%) patients by admission and during treatment respectively. […] Mortality was associated with the presence of ALF (OR=9.423, 95%CI 2.410-36.858) in contrast to milder liver injury (OR 1.101, 95%CI 0.435-2.791). […] In 30% of patients with mild liver injury and in 50% of ALF patients, peak liver injury was observed at a time point, when the virus was no longer detectable in the respiratory tract. […] Mild liver injury was not associated with worse outcome in our cohort and the pattern of liver injury did not fit well to the theory of SARS-CoV-2 directly causing liver impairment. […] Instead, severe liver injury in our cohort was associated multiple-organ failure and acute vascular events. |
| 32779808 | Study cohort consisted of 885 patients, of them 24 SOT recipients (n = 22, kidney, n = 2 liver). |
| 32779820 | The most prevalent group was the kidney 57.0%, followed by 17.2% heart, and 13.6% liver. |
| 32783168 | The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is not limited to the respiratory system but has widespread involvement including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver, with evidence of prolonged fecal shedding and feco-oral transmission. |
| 32784239 | We report the first case of a patient affected with sudden-onset severe pre-eclampsia complicated by acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy, HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet) syndrome and acute kidney injury following SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32787909 | IHC revealed positive cells with a heterogeneous distribution in the lungs of 11 of the 17 (65%) patients; RT-PCR yielded a wide distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in different tissues, with 8 patients showing viral presence in all tested organs (i.e., lung, heart, spleen, liver, colon, kidney, and brain). |
| 32788159 | The patient developed hypertension and biological disorders suggesting pre-eclampsia and HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels and low platelet levels) syndrome. […] Given the severity of ARDS, delivery by caesarean section was contemplated. […] Because the ratio was normal and the patient’s respiratory condition stabilised, delivery was postponed. […] She spontaneously delivered a healthy boy at 33.4 WG. |
| 32788235 | From a total of 14 MSI-H metastatic prostate cancer patients at participating centers, nine patients with mCRPC with 56% bone, 33% nodal, 11% liver and 11% soft-tissue metastases and a median PSA of 29.3 ng/dL, were treated with pembrolizumab after 2 lines of therapy for CRPC. |
| 32789044 | Banti’s syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by splenomegaly, ascites, and portal hypertension without coexisting cirrhosis of the liver. |
| 32790075 | Post-TCZ toxicities evaluated included: elevated liver function tests (LFTs), GI perforation, diverticulitis, neutropenia, hypertension, allergic reactions, and infusion-related reactions. |
| 32791568 | Recently, the severity of COVID-19 has been attributed to a systemic, thrombotic, and inflammatory disease that damages not only the lungs but also multiple organs, including the heart, brain, toes, and liver. |
| 32792598 | Studies quantifying viral load in the liver are lacking. […] Here we report the clinical and histologic findings related to the liver in 40 patients who died of complications of COVID-19. […] A subset of liver tissue blocks were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). […] PCR of liver tissue was positive in 11 of 20 patients tested (55%). […] We also identified viral RNA in a sizeable subset of liver tissue samples. |
| 32793223 | They also promote the gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and fatty liver disease. |
| 32793616 | Background: Abnormal liver chemistries are common findings in patients with COVID-19. […] It is unclear whether abnormal liver chemistries can predict the severity of COVID-19. […] Therefore, we compared the serum liver chemistries such as hepatic transaminases, total bilirubin, albumin, and prothrombin time to evaluate whether they can predict severity and mortality in COVID-19. […] Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies comparing liver chemistries in severe and mild COVID-19. […] The literature search was performed using keywords “COVID-19,” “Liver,” Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)," and “Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT),” “AST,” and “ALT,” in various combinations of “AND/OR” from December 1, 2019, till May 8, 2020. […] The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each component of liver chemistries. […] Seventeen studies compared liver chemistries for severe vs. mild COVID-19, whereas five studies compared liver chemistries in survival vs. non-survival groups. […] Conclusion: Our meta-analysis shows that deranged liver chemistries may indicate severe COVID-19 and could also predict mortality. […] Larger studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between derangement in liver chemistries and mortality in COVID-19. |
| 32793619 | Lung injury is the main outcome of COVID-19 infection; however, damage can occur in other organs including the liver. […] Currently, limited data are available that link underlying liver injury with the severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] This review summarizes the available data on liver test abnormalities in COVID-19 patients; critically evaluates the possible causes of liver injury and provides recommendations for clinicians. […] In laboratory tests, serum levels of liver test markers notably transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and total bilirubin were significantly higher in severe patients with COVID-19 infection. […] The use of certain drugs especially lopinavir and ritonavir showed an association with the progression of liver damage in severe cases. […] Available data suggest that liver injury in COVID-19 patients may result from direct effect by the virus, immune-mediated inflammation or drug-induced toxicity. […] Some studies demonstrated that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing liver disease are at higher risk for hospitalizations and mortality. […] Therefore, the impact of pre-existing liver disease on treatment and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 should be determined. […] Large-scale clinical studies are needed to identify the causes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 infection. |
| 32793725 | Two patients appeared transient abnormal of liver or renal function indicator, and they can gradually recover. |
| 32794597 | The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have steadily increased and now affect approximately 25% of the global population. |
| 32795165 | These were all elective surgeries and included ultrasound-guided Mammotome biopsy, endoscopic polypectomy, hernia repair, pediatric surgeries, cholecystectomy, choledochoscopy, radical mastectomy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage, liver biopsy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, laparoscopic resection of colon cancer, colostomy apotheosis, and varicose vein surgery. |
| 32796176 | Although current literature has addressed gastrointestinal presentations including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver chemistries, and hyperlipasemia as possible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations, the risk and type of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in this population is not well characterized. |
| 32796355 | To inform the liver community on the potential relevance of COVID-19, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on liver injury in patients with COVID-19 infection. […] The prevalence of pre-existing liver disease was reported at 3.1%. […] Only two studies reported the prevalence of elevated liver function tests according to normal ward versus ICU and here the frequency of elevated levels of AST was 50% and 62% versus ALT 40.8% and thus quantitatively higher in ICU-treated patients. […] Cholestatic liver function tests were only incompletely reported in 510 patients. […] Prospective studies are needed to define the clinical relevance of liver injury in COVID-19. |
| 32800515 | Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) helps safely prolong liver preservation up to 38 hours. […] Here we present the case of a 29-year-old liver transplant recipient in whom prolonged liver preservation required for SARS-CoV-2 screening was accomplished through NMP. […] NMP can extend preservation times in liver transplantation while awaiting SARS-CoV-2 test results and available intensive care unit capacity. |
| 32801291 | Diagnostic criteria for rhabdomyolysis are elevated serum creatine kinase, liver enzyme levels, and myalgia. […] Her creatine kinase and liver enzyme levels were significantly elevated. […] The patient’s creatine kinase and liver enzyme levels peaked on Day 2 and then decreased. […] Clinicians should be aware that a significant elevation in liver enzyme levels and myalgia can be the presenting features of rhabdomyolysis in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32801640 | Here, we reviewed the literature on clinical effects in COVID-19 patients of these antiviral agents and provided the potential antiviral agent options for pregnant women, elderly patients, liver or renal dysfunction patients, and severe or critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy or ECMO after SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32801943 | Although liver injury is common in patients with COVID-19, little is known about its clinical presentation and management in liver transplantation. […] This is the first report from Iran that presented two cases of liver transplantation with COVID-19, neither of which had pulmonary signs and symptoms, but after diagnostic imaging, both had lung involvement. […] We also reviewed some literature on the management of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients. |
| 32803231 | Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are dominated by respiratory symptoms, some patients present other severe damage such as cardiovascular, renal and liver injury or/and multiple organ failure, suggesting a spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in blood. |
| 32803716 | There is a paucity of data on the clinical presentations and outcomes of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) in patients with underlying liver disease. […] Patients with known chronic liver disease who presented with superimposed COVID-19 (n = 28) between 22 April 2020 and 22 June 2020 were studied. […] A total of 28 COVID-19 patients (two without cirrhosis, one with compensated cirrhosis, sixteen with acute decompensation [AD], and nine with acute-on-chronic liver failure [ACLF]) were included. […] The etiology of cirrhosis was alcohol (n = 9), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 2), viral (n = 5), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 4), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 6). |
| 32804803 | The weekly organ donation and liver transplant numbers over a 3-month period (17th Feb 2020 till 17th May 2020) for the USA, UK and India were compared to their previous year’s activity. […] Liver transplant activity in 6 centers from these countries with varying local COVID-19 caseload was also compared. […] The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant contraction in organ donation and liver transplantation in all 3 countries. […] The reduction was different for deceased donor and living donor liver transplantation and varied between centers within a country. […] There was early evidence of recovery of deceased donation in the USA and UK and resumption of living donor liver transplantation activity in India towards the end of the study period. […] There was a substantial reduction in organ donation and liver transplantation activity across the 3 countries with signs of recovery towards the end of the study period. |
| 32805726 | On the premise of similar demographics between both groups, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had worse indicators of liver and coagulation function. |
| 32806897 | There was also an abnormal lipoprotein, glucose, and amino acid signature consistent with diabetes and coronary artery disease (low total and HDL Apolipoprotein A1, low HDL triglycerides, high LDL and VLDL triglycerides), plus multiple highly significant amino acid markers of liver dysfunction (including the elevated glutamine/glutamate and Fischer’s ratios) that present themselves as part of a distinct SARS-CoV-2 infection pattern. […] The breadth of the disturbed pathways indicates a systemic signature of SARS-CoV-2 positivity that includes elements of liver dysfunction, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and coronary heart disease risk that are consistent with recent reports that COVID-19 is a systemic disease affecting multiple organs and systems. |
| 32807512 | Studies have shown mild to moderate elevation of liver enzymes. […] The pattern of liver abnormalities can be hepatocellular, cholestatic or mixed. […] Patients with severe infection have significantly higher rates of liver injury and worse outcomes. […] Patients with diarrhea and liver disease may have a worse prognosis. |
| 32808185 | Besides lung drastic involvement, SARS-CoV-2 severely affected other systems including liver. […] Emerging epidemiological studies brought the attentions towards liver injury and impairment as a potential outcome of COVID19. […] Understanding that may reflect how such medications may affect the level of infectivity and permissibility of the liver following COVID-19. |
| 32810894 | We report the clinical and biochemical features of liver involvement, and the comorbidities that present with hepatitis, in a substantial cohort of patients. […] We evaluated the number of patients who developed hepatitis and examined both demographics and inflammatory laboratory values to ascertain those that were at higher risk for liver involvement and more severe disease. […] The single patient with liver failure also developed multiorgan failure requiring vasopressors, hemodialysis, and mechanical ventilation. […] Despite the positive outcomes reported here, close follow-up is warranted given the limited knowledge of the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver. |
| 32816615 | Various scientific studies demonstrated that Sumac had a free oxygen radical-scavenging effect, a protective effect against liver damage, antihemolytic, leukopenia, and antifibrogenic effects, along with its antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. |
| 32818235 | Trends observed by serial laboratory measurements during hospitalization including progressive decrease of lymphocyte count, thrombocytopenia, elevated CRP, procalcitonin, increased liver enzymes, decreased renal function, and coagulation derangements were more common in critically ill patient groups and associated with a high incidence of clinical complications. |
| 32821882 | Drugs that contain phosphates (and phosphonates or phosphinates) have intrinsic absorption issues and are therefore often delivered in prodrug forms to promote their uptake. […] The recent emergency use authorization of the antiviral remdesivir for COVID-19 exemplifies a new approach for delivery of phosphate prodrugs by parenteral dosing, which minimizes payload release during transit and maximizes tissue payload distribution. […] Through examining prior structure-activity studies on prodrug forms and the choices that led to development of remdesivir and other clinical drugs and drug candidates, a better understanding of their ability to distribute to the planned site of action, such as the liver, plasma, PBMCs, or peripheral tissues, can be gained. |
| 32825963 | Herein, we thoroughly reviewed multiple organs including lung, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, skin, heart, blood, spleen, lymph nodes, brain, blood vessels, and placenta in terms of COVID-19-related pathological alterations. |
| 32826529 | We evaluated FFPE sections from 8 COVID-19 autopsies, including 19 pulmonary and 39 extrapulmonary samples including the heart, liver, kidney, small intestine, skin, adipose tissue, and bone marrow. […] ISH, IHC, and qRT-PCR failed to detect the virus in the heart, liver, and kidney. |
| 32826796 | We present 53 SOT recipients (31 kidney, 8 liver, 5 heart, 5 lung, 3 liver-kidney and one kidney-after-heart), transplanted at a Swedish high-volume transplant center and each diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 21, 2020, and June 22, 2020. |
| 32834950 | The novel PBPK model allows in-depth description of the pharmacokinetics of CQ in several key organs (lung, heart, liver, and kidney), and was applied to design dosing strategies in patients with acute COVID-19 (Day 1: 750 mg BID, Days 2-5: 500 mg BID, CQ phosphate), patients with moderate COVID-19 (Day 1: 750 mg and 500 mg, Days 2-3: 500 mg BID, Days 4-5: 250 mg BID, CQ phosphate), and other vulnerable populations (e.g., renal and hepatic impairment and elderly patients, Days 1-5: 250 mg BID, CQ phosphate). |
| 32835190 | During the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, EASL and ESCMID published a position paper to provide guidance for physicians involved in the care of patients with chronic liver disease. […] In addition, many studies have been published focusing on how COVID-19 may affect the liver and how pre-existing liver diseases might influence the clinical course of COVID-19. […] While many aspects remain poorly understood, it has become increasingly evident that pre-existing liver diseases and liver injury during the disease course must be kept in mind when caring for patients with COVID-19. […] This review should serve as an update on the previous position paper, summarising the evidence for liver disease involvement during COVID-19 and providing recommendations on how to return to routine care wherever possible. |
| 32835245 | An increase in liver aminotransferases occurred in seven (13%) patients in the anakinra group and four (9%) patients in the historical group. |
| 32836899 | Pathological changes are primarily found in lung tissues but there are also reports concerning direct or indirect (histo)pathological changes due to SARS-CoV‑2 infections in samples from the kidneys, liver and myocardium. |
| 32837094 | A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between 23rd March 2020 and 1st April 2020 among 154 liver transplant recipients, transplanted between October 2018 and February 2020. […] Our liver transplant recipients have a reasonable awareness regarding COVID-19. |
| 32837750 | Adverse events, serious adverse events, liver function, kidney function and concurrent treatments will be monitored and recorded throughout the trial. |
| 32837834 | Hence, in this study, a meta-analysis was undertaken to quantify the overall risk of liver damage in COVID-19 patients and also find the overall variation in risk outcome. […] The pooled means reported in this study can be useful for working out the degree of liver damage in COVID-19 patients. |
| 32838045 | They evaluated the liver-to-spleen ratio (CTL/S) and defined tomographic steatosis as a CTL/S index ≤0.9. |
| 32838102 | Liver enzymes were repeated during SARS-CoV-2 infection in all hospitalized cases; they remained within the normal range in all cases, and improved in the two acute cases treated with high-dose steroids. |
| 32838103 | This pandemic has taxed our healthcare system and disrupted normal operations, even of lifesaving procedures like liver transplants. […] Continuing to perform resource intense advanced procedures is challenging, as is caring for patients with end-stage liver disease or patients with urgent needs for liver tumor control. […] Liver transplantation in particular requires critical resources like blood products and critical care beds, which are fairly limited in the COVID19 pandemic. […] Therefore, transplant programs must re-evaluate the ethicality, feasibility, and safety of performing liver transplants during this pandemic. […] Herein, we discuss the clinical and ethical challenges posed by performing liver transplants and offer guidance for managing patients with end-stage liver disease during the COVID19 pandemic. |
| 32838104 | Although abnormal liver chemistries are linked to a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related death, liver manifestations may be diverse and even confusing. […] Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of published liver manifestations and described the liver damage in patients with COVID-19 who died or discharged alive. […] We analyzed pooled data on liver chemistries stratified by the main clinical outcome of COVID-19, using a fixed or random-effects model. […] In this meta-analysis, according to the main clinical outcome of COVID-19, we comprehensively described three patterns of liver impairment related to COVID-19, hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, and hepatocellular disfunction. […] The patients who died from COVID-19 tended to have different liver chemistries from those discharged alive. […] Special caution should be given to the patients with relatively higher index of liver chemistries. |
| 32838105 | Despite the emergency situation, all efforts have been done to preserve liver transplant (LT) activity and to minimize the impact of current scenario on transplant waiting list time and mortality. […] We report here the case of a young patient requiring inpatient care due to severe decompensated liver disease (MELD 24), justifying her referral from her local hospital to our high-volume LT unit, despite the unfavourable COVID-19 epidemiology in our Region. […] She was quickly listed for liver transplant (MELD 26), but 5 days later she was incidentally diagnosed with COVID-19 in the setting of our surveillance program for very sick patients and, despite her underlying condition, had an indolent course of the viral disease. […] Concerns about potential COVID-19 consequences in a LT candidate were overruled by the severity of liver disease (MELD 36), forcing our team to proceed with an urgent successful LT as soon as 9 days after the COVID-19 diagnosis, 2 days after the first negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA by a nasopharyngeal swab and 1 day after the confirmation of its negativity on bronchoalveolar lavage. |
| 32838106 | Initially, in the 82 patients without chronic liver disease and alcohol history; age older than 40 years (P = 0.027); male gender (P = 0.0145); elevated CRP (P = 0.0366), ALT (P < 0.0001), and ALP (P = 0.0003); and increased TGs (P = 0.0002) were found to be associated with elevated GGT levels. […] This elevation supports involvement of the liver in persons with COVID-19. |
| 32838107 | We aimed to describe the changes in liver care before and after COVID-19 restricted access to health care. […] We obtained data on the number of liver clinic visits, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging using electronic query or clinic registry at three medical centers in the United States, Japan, and Singapore for the following periods: February 1 to March 14, 2018, 2019, and 2020; and March 15 to May 1, 2018, 2019, and 2020. […] In total, 14,403 visits were made to the liver clinics at the three centers: 5,900 in 2018, 5,270 in 2019, and 3,233 in 2020. […] There were significant decreasing trends in the total number of liver clinic visits overall (p-trend = 0.038) and in the subanalysis for chronic hepatitis B, C, and other liver diseases. […] Conclusion: Liver clinic visits, hepatoma surveillance, and diagnostic abdominal imaging fell dramatically as social distancing measures were instituted. |
| 32838108 | Previous studies reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was likely to result in liver injury. […] However, few studies investigated liver injury in COVID-19 patients with chronic liver diseases. […] We described the clinical features in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). […] 100 (35.7%) patients presented abnormal liver function on admission. […] No patient developed liver failure or death during hospitalization. […] NAFLD patients are more likely to develop liver injury when infected by COVID-19. […] However, no patient developed severe liver-related complications during hospitalization. |
| 32838177 | It is still unknown the way coronavirus damages the liver, brain, and reproductive system. |
| 32839667 | Over the last decade, a rapid rise in deaths due to liver disease has been observed especially amongst young people. […] Nowadays liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide: 1 million due to complications of cirrhosis and 1 million due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. […] Besides primary liver malignancies, almost all solid tumours are capable to spread metastases to the liver, in particular, gastrointestinal cancers, breast and genitourinary cancers, lung cancer, melanomas and sarcomas. […] A big portion of liver malignancies undergo palliative care. […] To this end, the paradigm of the palliative care in the liver cancer management is evolving from “just end of the life” care to careful evaluation of all aspects relevant for the survivorship. […] In the presented study, an evidence-based approach has been taken to target molecular pathways and subcellular components for modelling most optimal conditions with the longest survival rates for patients diagnosed with advanced liver malignancies who underwent palliative treatments. […] In conclusion, multi-faceted cancer control within the palliative care of liver malignancies is crucial for improved disease outcomes including individualised patient profiling, predictive models and implementation of corresponding cost-effective risks mitigating measures detailed in the paper. |
| 32839726 | SARS-CoV-2 is not only responsible for causing pneumonia, but there are also concerns regarding the involvement of other organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. |
| 32839751 | After 5 days, blood analyses revealed normal hemoglobin, PT-INR 2.15, and a slight alteration of liver function. |
| 32840571 | We reported two fatal cases of acute liver failure secondary to Herpes Simplex Virus 1 infection in COVID-19 patients, following tocilizumab and corticosteroid therapy.Screening for and prompt recognition of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 reactivation in these patients, undergoing immunomodulatory treatment, may have potentiallyrelevant clinical consequences. |
| 32841167 | Patients treated with antivitamin K anticoagulants and with liver disease were excluded. |
| 32842793 | Considering that the most severely impacted group of patients are already suffering from other conditions, accessing the impact that metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and diabetes has on patients by sharing information between different healthcare facilities is of vital importance. |
| 32843598 | We present a case of COVID-19 diagnosed during the early postoperative period in a recipient whose liver transplantation was performed on late March during the lockdown in Spain, with donor and recipient previously negative rRT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2. […] To date, few early post-liver transplantation SARS-CoV-2 infected recipients have been published, but only one was an early postoperative infection. […] In our case the outcome was favorable, even though it was an early post -liver transplantation COVID-19 in a frail patient. |
| 32845926 | We analyzed 11 comorbidities: cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and HIV/AIDS. |
| 32848621 | SARS-CoV-2 is reported to be able to infect the lungs, the intestines, blood vessels, the bile ducts, the conjunctiva, macrophages, T lymphocytes, the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. |
| 32850926 | In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses of potential factors for poor outcome patients indicated that cytokine storms and uncontrolled inflammation responses as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac dysfunction are related to the development of a poor outcome. […] We found that cytokine storms and uncontrolled inflammation responses as well as liver, kidney, and cardiac dysfunction may play important roles in the final outcome of severely ill patients with COVID-19. |
| 32851063 | During disease progression, the amounts of arterial gases worsened, and liver, renal, and heart dysfunction was observed. |
| 32851877 | Cardiovascular, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems are involved with different frequencies and degrees of severity. |
| 32855179 | Patients with COVID-19 commonly have elevated liver enzyme levels, which is associated with adverse outcomes during hospitalization including increased risk of ICU admission, intubation, and mortality. […] When assessing these patients, it is important to consider causes of liver injury unrelated to COVID-19. […] Therapies for COVID-19 may increase liver enzyme levels but are not contraindicated in patients with baseline abnormal liver tests. […] Liver enzymes should be regularly monitored in all hospitalized patients with COVID-19. […] Patients with preexisting liver disease such as cirrhosis and those who have received a liver transplant may be an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. |
| 32855361 | Previous work has described acute liver injury (ALI) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients, However, there is limited analyses available investigating chronic liver disease (CLD) in COVID-19 patients. […] The CLD group contained a higher mortality rate and slight liver injury. […] COVID-19 patients also diagnosed with CLD suffered longer LOS, slight liver injuries and a higher mortality when compared to COVID-19 patients without CLD. |
| 32856702 | The fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), developed to predict fibrosis in liver disease, was used to identify patients with COVID-19 who will require ventilator support as well as associated with 30-day mortality. |
| 32858226 | Liver dysfunction is one of the most striking affections among patients suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may represent a new king of liver aggressor. […] In this work, we overview the most recent findings between the molecular biology of the virus, pathogenic mechanisms, and its relationship to liver disease observed in patients. |
| 32859408 | The primary involvement is respiratory; however, the virus can also affect other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract and liver. |
| 32859555 | In Italy, liver transplant activity was carried on, but despite all efforts, a 25% reduction of procured organs has already been observed during the first 4 weeks of the outbreak. […] We compared the liver transplants performed in our Center between February 24th and April 17th, 2020 with liver transplants performed in the same period in 2019. […] In 2020, 21 patients underwent liver transplantation from deceased donors, exactly as the year before, without statistically significant difference. […] We were able to perform 3 multiorgan transplants and one acute liver failure. […] Team working allowed our Center to maintain its activity level, taking care of patients before and after liver transplantation. |
| 32860214 | Furthermore, severe and fatal courses are associated with organ damages mainly affecting the heart, liver and kidneys. |
| 32861070 | The typically clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were fever and respiratory symptoms, and a proportion of patients were accompanied by extrapulmonary symptoms including cardiac injury, kidney injury, liver injury, digestive tract injury, and neurological symptoms. […] The mRNA expressions of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were observed in the heart, digestive tract, liver, kidney, brain and other organs. |
| 32864162 | We also identified other variants, that are associated with adverse effects, most notable in hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (G6PD; hemolysis), ribavirin (ITPA; hemolysis), and interferon β -1b (IRF6; liver toxicity). |
| 32864178 | The lung is the main target organ attacked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) while immune organs, liver, blood vessels and other organs are damaged to varying degrees. […] Liver volume is increased, and mild active inflammation and focal necrosis are observed in the portal area. […] Virus particles have also been detected in liver cells. |
| 32864250 | Background and Aims The prevalence and extent of liver damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients remain poorly understood, primarily due to small-sized epidemiological studies with varying definitions of “liver injury”. […] We conducted a meta-analysis to derive generalizable, well-powered estimates of liver injury prevalence in COVID-19 patients. […] We also aimed to assess whether liver injury prevalence is significantly greater than the baseline prevalence of chronic liver disease (CLD). […] Our secondary aim was to study whether the degree of liver injury was associated with the severity of COVID-19. […] Materials and Methods Electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) were systematically searched in June 2020 for studies reporting the prevalence of baseline CLD and current liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. […] Liver injury was defined as an elevation in transaminases >3 times above the upper limit of normal. […] For the secondary analysis, all studies reporting mean liver enzyme levels in severe versus non-severe COVID-19 patients were included. […] Among a cohort of 8,817 patients, the prevalence of current liver injury was 15.7% (9.5%-23.0%), and this was significantly higher than the proportion of patients with a history of CLD (4.9% [2.2%-8.6%]; p < 0.001). […] Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 have a higher than expected prevalence of liver injury, and the extent of the injury is associated with the severity of the disease. |
| 32864332 | But the rate of abnormal liver function in the combined medication group is higher than that in the single LH group. |
| 32865077 | About 20% of patients had abnormal liver function. |
| 32865603 | COVID-19 affects the upper respiratory tract, lungs (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. |
| 32866433 | Despite concerns that patients with liver transplants might be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 because of coexisting comorbidities and use of immunosuppressants, the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on this patient group remains unclear. […] In this multicentre cohort study, we collected data on patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who were older than 18 years, who had previously received a liver transplant, and for whom data had been submitted by clinicians to one of two international registries (COVID-Hep and SECURE-Cirrhosis) at the end of the patient’s disease course. […] For comparison, data from a contemporaneous cohort of consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who had not received a liver transplant were collected from the electronic patient records of the Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust. […] A propensity score-matched analysis was done to test for an association between liver transplant and death. […] Between March 25 and June 26, 2020, data were collected for 151 adult liver transplant recipients from 18 countries (median age 60 years [IQR 47-66], 102 [68%] men, 49 [32%] women) and 627 patients who had not undergone liver transplantation (median age 73 years [44-84], 329 [52%] men, 298 [48%] women). […] The groups did not differ with regard to the proportion of patients hospitalised (124 [82%] patients in the liver transplant cohort vs 474 [76%] in the comparison cohort, p=0·106), or who required intensive care (47 [31%] vs 185 [30%], p=0·837). […] However, ICU admission (43 [28%] vs 52 [8%], p<0·0001) and invasive ventilation (30 [20%] vs 32 [5%], p<0·0001) were more frequent in the liver transplant cohort. 28 (19%) patients in the liver transplant cohort died, compared with 167 (27%) in the comparison cohort (p=0·046). […] In the propensity score-matched analysis (adjusting for age, sex, creatinine concentration, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and ethnicity), liver transplantation did not significantly increase the risk of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (absolute risk difference 1·4% [95% CI -7·7 to 10·4]). […] Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio 1·06 [95% CI 1·01 to 1·11] per 1 year increase), serum creatinine concentration (1·57 [1·05 to 2·36] per 1 mg/dL increase), and non-liver cancer (18·30 [1·96 to 170·75]) were associated with death among liver transplant recipients. […] Liver transplantation was not independently associated with death, whereas increased age and presence of comorbidities were. […] Factors other than transplantation should be preferentially considered in relation to physical distancing and provision of medical care for patients with liver transplants during the COVID-19 pandemic. […] European Association for the Study of the Liver, US National Institutes of Health, UK National Institute for Health Research. |
| 32867706 | Leucopenia and lymphopenia were the most common signs of infection while liver and kidney damage were rare but may cause bad outcomes for patients. |
| 32868652 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. […] We performed a retrospective, case-control study, enrolling 71 consecutive COVID-19 patients who were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of fatty liver by computed tomography scan. |
| 32871990 | The patient was also found to have liver damage. […] On the 21st day after discharge, the patient had no recurrence of disease, no recurrence of pulmonary lesions, and normal liver function. |
| 32873520 | Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause acute liver injury while serum detectability indicates systemic inflammation. […] We explored a link between systemic IL-6, related acute phase proteins and liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. 655 patients with suspected COVID-19 were screened in the emergency department at the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria, between February and April 2020. 96 patients (∼15%) were hospitalized with COVID-19. 15 patients required intensive-care treatment (ICT). […] Liver injury correlated with systemic IL-6 (p < 0.001), CRP (p < 0.001), ferritin (p < 0.001) and LDH (p < 0.001) concentration. |
| 32875925 | From the Western-blot and activity-analysis it was observed that Nigellidine (sulfuryl-group-drug) showed no impact on Phenol-catalyzing ASTIV and Steroid-catalyzing estrogen-sulfotransferase expressions and activities in liver-tissue and thus has no influence in sulfation-mediated adverse metabolic-processes. |
| 32876011 | Both cases were observed to have elevated liver transaminases, which is consistent with other studies. |
| 32876633 | The goal of this review is to present what has been described in recent studies, published worldwide and including our country, that have reported clinical manifestations, outlining possible mechanisms of liver dysfunction related to COVID-19 and its repercussions, especially on the digestive system. […] These studies analyze and discuss the potential impact on liver diseases, offering recommendations of experts and scientific organizations regarding prevention, control and management measures, outlining also some public health strategies in our country for the proper care of COVID-19 patients in times of widespread crisis. |
| 32878840 | The patient had deranged liver function tests at presentation, along with elevated bile acids. […] With supportive management, this patient improved enough to be discharged, and has gone on to deliver a healthy neonate at term. |
| 32879103 | A few critically ill patients may not only rapidly develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome, but also may cause coagulopathy, as well as multiple organs failure (such as heart, liver and kidney) or even death. |
| 32879106 | To analyze the clinical characteristics in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated with liver injury, to explore the relationship between COVID-19 clinical classification and liver injury, and to elucidate whether COVID-19 complicated with hepatitis B virus can aggravate liver injury. […] The abnormal liver function in 110 patients in the First Hospital of Changsha, who were confirmed COVID-19 and admitted to the designated hospital from January 17, 2020 to February 20, 2020, wereretrospectively analyzed. […] A total of 49.1% of the COVID-19 patients had liver injury. […] There was also no significant difference in the liver function injury between the HBsAg-positive COVID-19 patients and HBsAg-negative COVID-19 patients (P>0.05). […] Acute liver injury was not found to be a direct cause of death in the patients. […] In the COVID-19 patients, the incidence of liver injury is high with the increase of ALT and AST and the decrease of ALB. […] Severe and critical patients have obvious liver injury, and those patients complicated with hepatitis B virus infection don’t show aggravated liver injury. |
| 32879591 | Several clinical studies refer to liver injury as the most frequent clinical extrapulmonary manifestation. […] In this review, we summarize the available clinical data concerning liver injury during COVID-19. […] Although the underlying mechanism of liver impairment is somewhat unclear, transaminases and bilirubin levels are elevated in a substantial proportion of patients. […] Moreover, more severe alterations in liver enzymes may correlate with a worse clinical course of COVID-19. […] However, several other cofactors, such as drug-induced liver injury, hyper-inflammatory response to infection, hypoxic hepatitis or preexisting underlying liver disease, cannot be excluded. |
| 32879813 | The overwhelming pathology seems to be in the upper and lower respiratory tract; however, the involvement of other organs, including the liver, has also been reported. […] Whether liver enzyme derangement is a common feature of COVID-19 is not known. […] For those patients who have concomitant liver enzyme derangement with COVID-19, the prevalence, extent, and rate of progression to liver failure is not known. […] In view of unclear evidence regarding this, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on liver injury in COVID-19 patients. […] The aim of this review was to ascertain whether liver enzyme derangement is a common feature in adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, determine the relation of deranged liver enzymes with outcome or mortality in COVID-19, and determine if liver failure is a common feature of COVID-19. […] Cross-sectional studies and case-control studies involving adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 and having data on liver enzymes were included. […] Many of the COVID-19 patients in the various studies had a varying degree of deranged liver enzymes. […] Severe liver injury causing significant liver damage, liver failure, or death is uncommon. […] The main limitations of the study were the heterogeneity of studies and incomplete data on the trajectory of liver tests during the disease course as well as the final outcomes of the patients in the studies. |
| 32879836 | Extrapulmonary manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include thrombotic like pulmonary emboli, acute cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, liver injury, gangrene, diarrhea, acute renal failure, and so on. |
| 32880667 | The articles address (1) pulmonary valve repair in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and in patients with congenital pulmonary stenosis which seems to be a promising technique in selected patients, (2) the use of Losartan in patients with Marfan syndrome mostly in addition to beta blockers may result in a lower aortic root dilation rate and better clinical outcomes, (3) a summary of the characteristics of adults with congenital heart disease in the USA showed a wide variation in prevalence, associated morbidities, health care utilization and insurance type in different locations in the USA, (4) a large single center study confirmed that right ventricular morphology is associated with worse outcomes after the Fontan operation and that atrioventricular valve regurgitation is an important predictor of worse outcomes and precedes ventricular dysfunction post Fontan operation, (5) a large study describing the multi system inflammatory syndrome in children temporarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA showing that ventricular dysfunction is the most common cardiac manifestation (6) the reality of “limping to transplantation” showing that patients with one or more modifiable risk factors including mechanical ventilation, kidney or liver dysfunction are at significant increase risk post cardiac transplantation. |
| 32882393 | Data on the prevalence and degree of COVID-19 associated liver injury among patients with COVID-19 remain limited. […] We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence and degree of liver injury between patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. […] COVID-19 associated liver injury is more common in severe COVID-19 than non-severe COVID-19. […] Physicians should be aware of possible progression to severe disease in subjects with COVID-19-associated liver injury. |
| 32884218 | Viral RNA has also been detected in stool and blood samples, indicating the possibility of liver damage, which has been reported in COVID-19 patients. […] The presence of chronic liver disease appears to be a risk factor for severe complications and a poorer prognosis, however data from these cases is lacking. |
| 32884226 | We investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for liver injury in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan by retrospectively analyzing the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data for 218 COVID-19 patients and identifying the risk factors for liver injury by multivariate analysis. […] To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for liver injury in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. […] Patients with liver injury were older than those with normal liver function by a median of 12 years, with a significantly higher frequency of males (68.4% vs 28.8%, P < 0.001) and more coexisting illnesses (48.1% vs 27.3%, P = 0.002). […] Significantly more patients had fever and shortness of breath (87.3% vs 69.8% and 29.1% vs 14.4%, respectively) in the liver injury group. […] Patients with severe liver injury had a significantly higher frequency of abnormal transaminases than non-severe patients, but only one case had very high levels of aminotransferases. […] Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, high D-dimer level, and high neutrophil percentage were linked to a higher risk of liver injury. […] Male sex and high D-dimer level and neutrophil percentage may be important predictors of liver injury in patients with COVID-19. […] Male sex and high D-dimer level and neutrophil percentage may be important predictors of liver injury in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32884603 | However, during metabolism about 60% of both the drugs remain unchanged and about 40% of the drugs are metabolized into two metabolites, desethylchloroquine and bisdesethylchloroquine by the action of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver. |
| 32886333 | Liver injury is found in some of patients with COVID-19. […] Liver injury of COVID-19 patients based on severity grading and abdominal radiological signs have not been reported until now. […] Abnormal liver function was observed in some of patients with COVID-19. […] Common findings of upper abdominal CT scan were liver hypodensity (26.09%) and pericholecystic fat stranding (21.27%); liver hypodensity was more frequently found in critical cases (58.82%). […] The severity of COVID-19 correlated with semi-quantitative CT score of pulmonary lesions, CT-quantified liver/spleen attenuation ratio in patients with COVID-19. […] Some of the patients with COVID-19 displayed liver damage revealed by liver functional tests and upper abdominal CT imaging, and the severity of COVID-19 patients correlated with some of liver functional tests and CT signs; thus, it will allow an earlier identification of high-risk patients for early effective intervention. |
| 32886936 | Liver injury can result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with more than one-third of COVID-19 patients exhibiting elevated liver enzymes. […] Microvesicular steatosis, inflammation, vascular congestion, and thrombosis in the liver have been described in autopsy samples from COVID-19 patients. […] Several factors, including direct cytopathic effect of the virus, immune-mediated collateral damage, or an exacerbation of preexisting liver disease may contribute to liver pathology in COVID-19. […] Due to its immunological functions, the liver is an organ likely to participate in the viral response against SARS-CoV-2 and this may predispose it to injury. […] A better understanding of the mechanism contributing to liver injury is needed to develop and implement early measures to prevent serious liver damage in patients suffering from COVID-19. […] This review summarizes current reports of SARS-CoV-2 with an emphasis on how direct infection and subsequent severe inflammatory response may contribute to liver injury in patients with and without preexisting liver disease. |
| 32887569 | Her condition rapidly worsened leading to severe liver and coagulation impairment. […] Severe COVID-19 promptly improved by the termination of the pregnancy or atypical HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Count) exacerbated by concomitant COVID-19 infection could not be ruled out. |
| 32890139 | Median age of SOT recipients(9-heart, 3-lung, 16-kidney, 8-liver, 5-dual-organ) was 60 years, 80% were male and 67% were Black. |
| 32891405 | Liver transplant recipients may be at increased risk for adverse outcomes with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection because of chronic immunosuppression and associated comorbidities. […] There is a paucity of literature describing clinical presentation, treatments, and outcomes in liver transplant recipients with COVID-19. […] A systematic search was performed for articles published up to June 15, 2020, revealing 223 liver transplant recipients with COVID-19 in 15 studies. […] In conclusion, liver transplant recipients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are overrepresented with regard to severe disease and hospitalizations. […] Older liver transplant patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension, who are on maintenance corticosteroids, with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and describing breathlessness should be aggressively monitored for signs of deterioration because of the risk for mortality. |
| 32891697 | Obese patients who often present metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are at risk of severe presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Among these pharmaceuticals, antiretrovirals such as lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir, antibiotics and antifungal agents can induce drug-induced liver injury (DILI), whose mechanisms are not always understood. […] These patients present several concomitant factors, which individually can favour DILI: polypharmacy, systemic inflammation at risk of cytokine storm, fatty liver and sometimes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as well as insulin resistance and other diseases linked to obesity. […] Hence, in obese COVID-19 patients, some drugs might cause more severe (and/or more frequent) DILI, while others might trigger the transition of fatty liver to NASH, or worsen pre-existing steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis. |
| 32892325 | The deliveries occurred in a negative pressure isolation room, and the neonates were separated from their mothers immediately after birth for further observation and treatment. […] No differences were detected in the whole blood cell, lymphocytes, platelet, and liver and renal function among the three groups. |
| 32894801 | There was a significantly higher rate of hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, liver disease, cancer and substance abuse among the readmitted compared with non-readmitted patients. |
| 32895966 | We appreciate Gao et al. for their interest in our recent manuscript on the association between elevated liver biochemistries and severe COVID-19 infection. |
| 32896175 | Apart from attacking respiratory system, it can induce multiorgan dysfunction, including cardiovascular system, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, nervous system, and immune system. |
| 32896833 | The response strategy has involved implementing measures like social distancing, and care delivery modalities like telemedicine have been promoted to reduce the risk of transmission. […] The aim of this study was to analyze the benefits of using telemedicine services for patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) at a tertiary care center in Italy during the COVID-19-mandated lockdown. […] From March 9 to May 3, 2020, a prospective observational study was conducted in the Liver Unit of the University Hospital of Naples Federico II to evaluate the impact of (1) a fully implemented telemedicine program, partially restructured in response to COVID-19 to include video consultations; (2) extended hours of operation for helpline services; and (3) smart-working from home to facilitate follow-up visits for patients with CLD while adhering to social distancing regulations. […] Of the nearly 1700 patients with CLD who attended a follow-up visit at our Liver Unit, none contracted COVID-19, and there was no need to alter treatment schedules. […] This system of health care delivery was appreciated by patients since it gave them the opportunity to be in contact with physicians while respecting social distancing rules. |
| 32897891 | Hepatic dysfunction and the slight elevation of liver enzymes have been reported in cases of COVID-19 infection. |
| 32899640 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with abnormal liver function tests. […] We hypothesized that early altered liver biochemistries at admission might have different clinical relevance than subsequent changes during hospitalization. […] Liver test abnormalities were defined as the elevation of either gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), above the upper limit of normality set by our laboratory. […] A total of 319 (64.3%) had at least one abnormal liver test result at admission. […] This dual pattern of liver damage might reconcile previous conflicting reports. |
| 32899833 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can differentially infect multiple tissues (i.e., lung, vessel, heart, liver) in different stages of disease, and in an age- and sex-dependent manner. |
| 32901451 | We read with interest the article by Kovalic et al.(1) on elevated liver biochemistries in hospitalized Chinese patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] This important work showed that comorbidities, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease, are more prevalent in hospitalized Chinese patients with severe/critical COVID-19, and these patients are more likely to manifest with abnormal liver chemistries. |
| 32903640 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV2 is associated with various comorbidities; cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, liver, lung diseases, and neurological ailments. […] We have noted that deaths due to liver diseases are least associated with COVID-19 among all comorbidities. |
| 32903864 | Background: Abnormal liver function is a common indication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. […] Two proposed mechanisms are liver injury mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the involvement of the systemic immune response. […] We investigated the role played by these to determine the cause of liver abnormality in the early stages of COVID-19. […] We compared clinical characteristics, viremia status, and cytokine profile on admission between patients with and without liver disorder. […] Lymphopenia was more common in the liver disorder group. […] Conclusions: Due to the infrequency of viremia, ACE2-mediated viral hepatitis does not seem to account for the commonly observed liver disorders in COVID-19 patients. […] By contrast, a dysregulated immune response may be a crucial pathogenic factor for liver disorder in the early stages of COVID-19. |
| 32904541 | The age-adjusted meta-regression models showed significant association of mortality with male (r: 0.14; OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07-1.23; I2: 95.2%), comorbidities including pre-existing cerebrovascular disease (r: 0.35; 1.42 (1.14-1.77); I2: 96.1%), and chronic liver disease (r: 0.08; 1.08 (1.01-1.17); I2: 96.23%), complications like septic shock (r: 0.099; 1.10 (1.02-1.2); I2: 78.12%) and ARDS (r: 0.04; 1.04 (1.02-1.06); I2: 90.3%), ICU admissions (r: 0.03; 1.03 (1.03-1.05); I2: 95.21%), and IMV utilization (r: 0.05; 1.05 (1.03-1.07); I2: 89.80%). […] COVID-19 patients with comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic liver disease had poor outcomes. |
| 32904923 | Patients in the acute encephalopathy group were older (67 vs. 61 years) and had higher prevalence of medical co-morbidities including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, COPD, chronic kidney and liver disease among others. |
| 32905406 | The remaining (n=7/12, 58%) CT studies demonstrated no acute intraabdominal pathology with incidental findings including fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and splenomegaly. |
| 32905553 | For instance, remdesivir, a potent SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug based on studies in vitro, if administered orally would be poorly effective because low drug levels would reach the lungs due to its high first pass destruction in the liver. […] Since the mid-1960s, pharmacologists have investigated the use of lipid-based nanoparticles for efficient delivery of antivirals to tissues, for example by transforming the route of administration from intravenous to oral, subcutaneous or aerosol administrations. |
| 32907635 | Subjects with any known coagulopathy or bleeding diathesis, including known significant liver disease associated with coagulopathy. |
| 32907791 | Data on COVID-19 in Liver Transplant (LT) recipients are scanty, but one can hypothesize that they are more susceptible to infection due to chronic immunosuppression. […] We invited LT recipients from the Liver Transplant Follow-up Center of the University Hospital of Salerno to access remote consultation. […] Among the remaining LT recipients, 50/79 (63.3%) responded to the survey; mean time from liver transplantation was 12 ± 7 years; 94% of the sample reported at least one comorbidity; 44% of LT recipients declared to be “very much/much” worried because of COVID-19 infection, and 64% considered themselves more vulnerable than the general population. |
| 32908494 | Mild liver damage and activation of the immuno-inflammatory system were the most common abnormalities observed in patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms but no significant differences were found (P > 0.05). |
| 32909541 | We report a unique case of an immunosuppressed 67-year-old female with homozygous Z-allele mutation A1AT deficiency and liver transplant with baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage IIIa with creatinine of 1 mg/dL and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 49 mL/min/1.73m2 ~ 6 months before the presentation. |
| 32909852 | We hope that our study can extend use of telehealth in the evaluation of patients with other causes of chronic liver disease. |
| 32911500 | Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed older age (odds ratio [OR] per year 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.07; p < 0.001), male sex (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.55-1.98; p < 0.001), being black or African American compared to white (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.31-1.71; p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.64-2.35; p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.21-1.67; p < 0.001), dementia (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.56; p = 0.008), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.08-1.43; p = 0.003), mild liver disease (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.00-1.59; p = 0.046), moderate/severe liver disease (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.53-4.47; p < 0.001), renal disease (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.84-2.46; p < 0.001), and metastatic solid tumor (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19-2.43; p = 0.004) were associated with higher odds of mortality with COVID-19. |
| 32912404 | To describe the characteristics of liver damage in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Sichuan area and the effect of antiviral drugs on liver function. […] The clinical data of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 21 to February 24, 2020 were retrospectively collected, including demographic data, clinical manifestations and liver function changes within 1 week after admission to intensive care unit (ICU). […] The changes of liver function during the course of disease in severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed and summarized, and group analysis was performed. […] It was shown that the incidence of liver dysfunction in patients taking kaletra was significantly higher than those who did not take kaletra (7-day abnormal rate of ALT was 54% vs. 33%, the abnormal rate of AST was 38% vs. 33%, the abnormal rate of TBil was 8% vs. 0%), but there were no statistical differences (all P > 0.05). […] It was shown that patients taking low-dose kaletra had a smaller effect on liver function within 1 week after ICU admission than those receiving normal dosage, and ALB, TBil in the reduced dose group were significantly lower than those in the normal dose group on the 2nd day after ICU admission [ALB (g/L): 33.3±2.0 vs. […] Severe COVID-19 patients in Sichuan area suffered obvious liver damage in the early course of the disease and have a slower recovery. […] It is important to pay attention to avoid using drugs that can aggravate liver damage while treating the disease. […] If there is no alternative drug, liver protection treatment should be considered appropriately. |
| 32913847 | Though it has claimed fame due to its ability to compromise the respiratory system, it possess the capability to infect other organs as well including the liver. […] Presentation with gastrointestinal symptoms and involvement of the liver can be subtle and can be misdiagnosed. […] Those with pre-existing liver disease may be more susceptible as well as those who are immunosuppressed or have other co-morbidities. […] This review article provides a brief overview of some of the information that is available so far with regards to how the liver is impacted by the coronavirus. |
| 32914853 | Tissues from the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and bone marrow (but not the brain) were examined. |
| 32918645 | In addition, significant association for high risk of mortality were also found for cerebrovascular disease, COPD, coronary heart disease, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, chronic lung disease and chronic kidney disease. |
| 32918766 | In our first survey of transplant centers in March 2020, >75% of kidney and liver programs were either suspended or operating under restrictions. […] Suspension of live donor transplantation decreased from 72% in March to 30% in May for kidneys and from 68% to 52% for livers. […] Restrictions/suspension of deceased donor transplantation decreased from 84% to 58% for kidneys and from 73% to 42% for livers. |
| 32920162 | In our study, we aim to investigate the relationship between the liver enzymes on admission (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) and severity of COVID-19. […] We evaluated course of disease, hospital stay, liver damage and mortality. […] Patients with liver disease, hematological and solid organ malignancy with liver metastases were excluded, resulting in 554 patients who met our inclusion criteria. […] We retrospectively evaluated liver transaminase levels, AST/ALT ratio, cholestatic enzyme levels and R ratio during hospital admission and these were compared in terms of morbidity, mortality and clinical course. […] The mean values of liver enzymes on admission were AST (36.2±33.6U/L), ALT (34.01±49.34U/L), ALP (78.8±46.86U/L), GGT (46.25±60.05U/L). |
| 32921703 | Method and results: In our ward (liver transplant), 4 ICU beds and 16 ward beds were allocated to non-COVID-19 patients. |
| 32921751 | Elevation of liver transaminases in the patients’ sera has been described in up to 53% of the COVID-19 positive patients. […] The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the virus on the liver cells are unclear and only few hypotheses are currently available. […] The patient showed a progressive decrease of transaminases after the delivery of the fetus. […] We speculate that in our case the delivery of the fetus contributed to the normalization of the liver enzymes. […] In patients affected by COVID-19, at term of gestation, with elevated transaminases, delivery of the fetus is an appealing option. |
| 32921955 | Besides, abnormal liver function is also frequent in biochemical tests of COVID-19 patients, which is correlated with the severity and mortality of the disease course. […] The etiology of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 might include viral immunologic injury, drug-induced liver injury, the systemic inflammatory response, hypoxic hepatitis, and the exacerbation of preexisting liver disease. […] Although liver injuries in COVID-19 are often transient and reversible, health workers need to pay attention to preexisting liver disease, monitor liver function, strengthen supportive treatment, and reduce the chance of drug-induced liver injury. […] This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, etiology, management, and preventive strategies for liver injury in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32922517 | In addition, these drugs play a role in controlling liver metabolism and can lead to the development of hepatic steatosis. |
| 32924000 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the aggressive form of NAFLD. |
| 32926272 | For the benefit of the scientific community and public, the effect of COVID-19 on major vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, and intestines has been briefly discussed. |
| 32928903 | SARS-CoV-2 shows a high affinity to ACE2 receptors, making sites of high ACE2 receptor expression, such as lungs, GI tract, brain, kidneys, heart, liver and immune system, a prime target for infection. |
| 32929211 | Compared to patients without SUD, patients with SUD had significantly higher prevalence of chronic kidney, liver, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. |
| 32929826 | The interaction between existing chronic liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and COVID-19 has not been studied. […] The original characteristics of COVID-19 cases combined with HBV infection were higher rate of liver injury, coagulation disorders, severe/critical tendency and increased susceptibility. |
| 32931622 | In the natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, liver injury is frequent but quite mild and it is defined as any liver damage occurring during disease progression and treatment of infection in patients with or without pre-existing liver diseases. […] The underlying mechanisms for hepatic injury in patients with COVID-19 are still unclear but the liver damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to be directly caused by virus-induced cytopathic effects. […] In this review, we will summarize all data of updated literature, regarding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, acute response and liver involvement. […] An overview will be given on liver injury, liver transplant and the possible consequences of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver diseases. |
| 32933552 | Underlying diseases, including chronic heart disease, chronic hypertension, severe renal failure, severe liver failure, and thyroid disorders. |
| 32939636 | The protocol required 20 cores of the liver, 30 of lung, 12 of spleen, 20 of heart, 20 of kidney, 4 of breast, 4 of testis, 2 of skeletal muscle, and 4 of fat with total of 112 cores per patient. […] Highest SARS-CoV-2 viral load was detected in the lung, liver, and spleen that had small to moderate amount, and low viral load in was detected in the heart in 2/5 (40%). […] Highest SARS-CoV-2 viral load was seen in the lung, followed by liver and spleen with small amount in the myocardium. |
| 32942274 | Patterns of liver injury were heterogeneous, featuring 10 (36%) with frequent large basophilic structures in sinusoidal endothelium, and increased immunoblast-like cells in lymph nodes. […] However, many patients also have widespread microscopic thromboses, as well as characteristic findings in the liver and lymph nodes. |
| 32942796 | Based on search criteria, 12 studies were found for lung, 52 for heart, 23 for liver, 16 for stroke, and 9 for kidney. […] Twenty of 23 trials for liver failure from different etiologies revealed favorable outcomes. |
| 32945110 | Six days before this hospitalization, when the patient was asymptomatic, 18 F-FDG PET/CT images were performed for the therapeutic control of liver metastases of colorectal cancer. |
| 32946851 | Non-survivors combined with more comorbidities, more severe infection, and worse liver, kidney and cardiac function in patients without diabetes. |
| 32946915 | In this review, we focused on COVID-19 coupled with the coagulopathy contributes to severe outcome inclusive of comorbidities such as venous thromboembolism, stroke, diabetes, lung, heart attack, AKI, and liver injury. […] Along with that endothelial dysfunction activates the complement system pathways and contributes to the acute and chronic inflammation via cytokine storm with the production of the cytokines and chemokines, coagulation in different organs such as lung, brain, liver, heart, kidney and further leads to multi-organ failure. |
| 32948978 | ATTR amyloidosis is caused by systemic deposition of transthyretin (TTR) and comprises ATTRwt (wt for wild-type) amyloidosis, ATTRv (v for variant) amyloidosis, and acquired ATTR amyloidosis after domino liver transplantation. […] Although liver transplantation has been performed for patients with ATTRv amyloidosis since 1990, late-onset patients were not eligible for this treatment. |
| 32949098 | Among 5 transplant centers, 26 patients (62% male) were reviewed with a median age of 8 years. 6 were heart recipients, 8 kidney, 10 liver, and 2 lung. |
| 32949175 | We classified the patients according to the presence and number of damaged organs (heart, liver, and kidney). |
| 32949888 | LHQW herbs have relationships to Stomach-, Heart-, Liver- and Spleen-systems, but most (10 of the 13 herbs) to the Lung system, indicating specific effects in lung diseases. |
| 32950749 | Chronic liver disease (CLD) represents a major global health burden. […] The liver-specific factors associated with independent risk of higher overall mortality were alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-4.55), decompensated cirrhosis (HR 2.91 [1.70-5.00]) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR 3.31 [1.53-7.16]). |
| 32952870 | Since the first reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in December 2019 in China, numerous papers have been published describing a high frequency of liver injury associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, many of them proposing a link between these findings and patient outcomes. […] Although absolute changes in these parameters are frequently seen, other variables, such as the ratio above the upper limit of normal, the onset of liver injury as a complication in severe cases and histopathological findings, reinforce that liver changes are of dubious clinical relevance in the course of this disease. […] Other factors must also be considered in these analyses, such as the repercussions of hemodynamic changes, the presence of thrombotic events, and, mainly, the possible drug-induced liver injury with the current, yet off-label, treatment. […] This paper aimed to analyze the currently available data on liver injury in patients with COVID-19. |
| 32952875 | According to the current recommendations, all treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced children with CHC virus infection should be considered for DAA therapy to prevent the possible progression of hepatitis C virus-related liver disease and its complications. […] These efforts include promoting telemedicine in the outpatient setting, using local laboratory testing for follow-up visits, and engaging in the home delivery of DAAs for patients under antiviral therapy whenever possible. |
| 32956843 | Depending on the viral load, infection spread through the ACE2 receptor further to various organs such as heart, liver, kidney, brain, endothelium, GIT, immune cell, and RBC (thromboembolism). |
| 32956871 | Despite liver injury in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with prolonged hospitalization, and liver dysfunction is mainly described in patients with severe viral disease. […] How liver abnormalities may affect virus infection is still unknown. […] Improved understanding of host genetics, lifestyle, underlying comorbidities and adequate follow-up of patients with liver damage are critical in the new scenario of the pandemic virus. |
| 32957548 | A severe course of COVID-19 was associated with an elevation of proinflammatory markers; an efflux of immature granulocytes into peripheral blood; the activation of CD8 T cells, which infiltrated the lungs; transient liver disease. |
| 32958991 | The inflammation and coagulation biomarkers were normal in the majority of the cases, as for liver and kidney function. |
| 32959007 | SARS-CoV-2 contains the spike protein site that gets activated by an enzyme furin which is found in the lung, liver, and small intestine of humans. |
| 32961074 | Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock and multi-organ failure are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. |
| 32961244 | Presence (versus absence) of pre-existing kidney disease OUTCOME(S): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/ cardiac arrest, thromboembolic event, major bleed, and acute liver injury (secondary) ANALYTICAL APPROACH: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values >0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. |
| 32964510 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with liver injury, but the prevalence and patterns of liver injury in liver transplant (LT) recipients with COVID-19 is not defined. […] Analysis of peak values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during COVID-19 showed moderate liver injury (ALT 2-5x ULN) in 22.2% (n= 18) and severe liver injury (ALT > 5x ULN) in 12.3% (n= 10). […] Compared to age and gender matched non-transplant patients with CLD and COVID-19 (n=375), the incidence of acute liver injury was lower in LT recipients (47.5% vs. […] Variables associated with liver injury in LT recipients were younger age (p= 0.009, odds ratio (OR) 2.06 [1.20-3.54]), Hispanic ethnicity (p= 0.011; OR 6.01 [1.51-23.9]), metabolic syndrome (p= 0.016; OR 5.87 [1.38-24.99]), vasopressor use (p= 0.018; OR 7.34 [1.39-38.52]) and antibiotic use (p= 0.046; OR 6.93 [1.04-46.26]). […] Reduction in immunosuppression (49.4%) was not associated with liver injury (p= 0.156) or mortality (p= 0.084). […] Liver injury during COVID-19 was significantly associated with mortality (p= 0.007; OR 6.91 [95% CI: 1.68-28.48]) and ICU admission (p=0.007; OR 7.93[1.75-35.69]) in LT recipients. […] Liver injury is associated with higher mortality and ICU admission in LT recipients with COVID-19. […] Hence, monitoring liver enzymes closely can help in early identification of patients at risk for adverse outcomes. |
| 32968798 | ACE2 is highly expressed in the bladder, ileum, kidney and liver, comparing with ACE2 expression in the lung-specific pulmonary alveolar type II cells. |
| 32970391 | Their expression levels were found to be significantly altered in cancer types, including colon, kidney, liver, testis, thyroid and skin cancers (P < 0.0001); AUC > 0.80 suggests that TMPRSS2, CLEC4M and DPP4 are relevant markers of kidney, liver, and thyroid cancer, respectively. |
| 32973125 | The main target of COVID-19 is the lungs; however, it can involve other organs, including the liver. […] Patients with severe COVID-19 have an increased incidence of abnormal liver function, and patients with liver disorders are considered to be at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection. […] The mechanism of liver injury reported in 14% to 53% of COVID-19 patients is poorly recognized and several possibilities need to be considered (cytokine storm, direct viral action, hypoxia). […] The incidence of underlying liver comorbidities in patients with a COVID-19 infection ranges from 1% to 11%. […] CASE REPORT This is a report of 2 nosocomial COVID-19 infections and severe COVID-19 pneumonia in 2 patients who were hospitalized during treatment for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). |
| 32974111 | In contrast, among younger people, men had higher odds of severe pneumonia, need for high oxygen support, acute kidney injury and acute liver injury when compared to women. |
| 32976118 | The authors assessed subjects retrospectively for cardiac and liver injury, shock, ventilation, mortality, and viral clearance. |
| 32976196 | Various studies have highlighted that patients infected with COVID-19 may develop various degrees of liver injury. […] Here, we discuss the impact of underlying liver disease and manifestations of hepatic injury with COVID-19. […] We identified 13 studies that assessed the impact of underlying liver disease in patients infected with COVID-19 (N=3046). […] Underlying liver disease was one of the most common known comorbid categories in patients infected with COVID-19. […] Liver injury is highly prevalent in patients that present with COVID-19. […] Since the liver is one of the most affected organs outside of the respiratory system in COVID-19, more intensive surveillance is warranted for severe cases, particularly among those with pre-existing advanced liver disease. |
| 32976364 | We found 85 patients (66 liver, 16 kidney, 2 kidney-pancreas and 1 liver-kidney recipient) who acquired COVID-19. […] Overall, 17 patients (20%) died which included 31.3% of patients with kidney transplantations and 21.9% of patients with liver transplantations.All 4 pediatric patients in our series died. […] Liver and kidney transplant recipients have an increased risk of mortality compared to the general population due to COVID-19. |
| 32978919 | Elderly with or without following comorbidities i.e Diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, chronic respiratory illnesses, chronic liver disease, CKD, malignancy and immunocompromised hosts are at increased risk of developing complicated course. |
| 32979013 | We describe the successful pediatric liver transplant for unresectable hepatoblastoma in a 4-year-old male with COVID-19 prior to transplant. […] The patient was actively listed for liver transplant after completing four blocks of a SIOPEL-4 based regimen due to his PRETEXT IV disease which remained unresectable. […] Following three additional negative NP swabs and resolution of symptoms for four weeks, he underwent a whole-organ pediatric liver transplant. […] We describe one of the earliest, if not the first case of liver transplant following recent recovery from COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with a lethal malignant liver tumor. […] This case highlights that pediatric liver transplantation can be safely performed upon clearance of COVID-19. |
| 32979193 | Here we propose a management model for the reorganization of liver transplant (LT) activities and policies in a local intensive care unit (ICU) assigned to liver transplantation affected by restrictions on mobility and availability of donors and recipients as well as health personnel and beds. |
| 32979398 | SARS-CoV-2 infection can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreatic functions, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms. |
| 32979740 | A total of 52 postmortem tissue biopsy samples were obtained from the lungs and liver of decedents. […] Liver specimens mainly showed macrovesicular steatosis, portal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and passive congestion. |
| 32979742 | Other organs like liver and kidneys may be involved secondarily. |
| 32980900 | Based on the characteristics that shelter hospital only treats patients with mild illness, tests of shelter laboratory, including coronavirus nucleic acid detection, IgM/IgG antibody serology detection, monitoring and auxiliary diagnosis and/or a required blood routine, urine routine, C-reactive protein, calcitonin original, biochemical indicators (liver enzymes, myocardial enzymes, renal function, etc.) and blood coagulation function test etc, were used to provide important basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. |
| 32980956 | To characterize the impact of HS on disease severity and liver injury in COVID-19. […] HS was defined by either hepatic steatosis index > 36 (for Asians) or > 39 (for non-Asians) or liver imaging demonstrating steatosis > 30 days before onset of COVID-19. […] In a sensitivity analysis including only patients with liver imaging > 30 days before onset of COVID-19, imaging evidence of hepatic steatosis remained associated with disease severity and risk of transaminitis. |
| 32983698 | The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess gastrointestinal symptoms and liver enzymes trend in corona virus infection. […] Conclusions Our meta-analysis shows that patients with COVID-19 infection can present with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in addition to elevated liver enzymes including AST, ALT and a decline in albumin and platelet count which is more marked in severe disease. |
| 32983735 | Gastrointestinal/hepatic sequelae such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and elevated liver enzymes have been reported as well. […] Studies and data so far on coronavirus infections from China, Singapore, and other countries showed that liver enzymes elevation could be seen in 20-50% of cases. […] More severe disease can correlate with the worsening of liver enzymes. […] However, acute liver failure in patients with COVID-19 has not been described. […] Herein we report a case of acute liver failure in an elderly patient with COVID-19 infection who did not have a history of preexisting liver disease. |
| 32983832 | ATTR amyloidosis is caused by systemic deposition of transthyretin (TTR) and comprises ATTRwt (wt for wild-type) amyloidosis, ATTRv (v for variant) amyloidosis, and acquired ATTR amyloidosis after domino liver transplantation. […] Although liver transplantation has been performed for patients with ATTRv amyloidosis since 1990, late-onset patients were not eligible for this treatment. |
| 32984539 | The results showed that there were different degrees of damage to the liver, kidneys, blood coagulation, and heart function in the non-survival group. |
| 32984567 | Coronaviruses are positive-sense RNA viruses widely distributed among different animal species and humans in which they cause respiratory, enteric, liver and neurological symptomatology. |
| 32984786 | The spectrum of biochemical abnormalities and their kinetics were consistent with a multi-organ involvement, including lung, kidney, heart, liver, muscle, and pancreas, along with a severe inflammatory syndrome. |
| 32985328 | In the context of secondary pulmonary infection and progressive liver failure, the patient had a sudden cardiac arrest. |
| 32986102 | Patients who died were older (mean [SD] age, 68.7 [14.8] years vs 60.3 [16.0] years; p <0.0001), had dementia (35 [28.7%] vs 34 [11.4%]; p <0.0001), hemiplegia (14 [11.5%] vs 12 [4.0%]; p=0.004), malignancy (11 [9.0%] vs 12 [4.0%]; p=0.04), and moderate-severe liver disease (4 [3.3%] vs 1 [0.3%]; p=0.01). |
| 32988758 | In this literature review, we summarize the most recent studies, which covered the pathophysiology of COVID-19 induced liver injury including; hepatic pathological findings, therapy related liver damage, and the effects of the viral infection on pre-existing liver diseasesin context of the most recent recommendations. […] Conclusions: This review sheds light on the impact of COVID-19 infection on the liver, as well as the prognostic effect of liver laboratory markers on disease outcome. […] Temporal variations in liver parameters during disease course as well as different patterns of derangement are depicted. […] More intensive surveillance and individualized therapeutic approaches should be tailored for immunocompromised patients with advanced liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplant patients. […] Despite the limited studies on COVID-19 infected patients with preexisting liver disease, this comprehensive overview provides a perspective on the management of liver disease during COVID-19. |
| 32990149 | We aimed to analyse the relationship between coagulation dysfunction and liver damage in patients with COVID-19. […] A case control study was conducted to analyse the correlation between the occurrence of coagulation dysfunction and liver damage in COVID-19 patients. […] Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), markers of liver damage, were positively correlated with coagulopathy (p = 0.039, OR 2.960, 95% CI 1.055-8.304; and p = 0.028, OR 3.352, 95% CI 1.137-9.187). […] Coagulation dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 is closely related to liver damage. […] A longer course of the disease may cause a vicious circle of coagulopathy and liver damage. […] Clinicians need to closely monitor coagulation and liver function tests and to give prophylactic or supportive therapy when needed. |
| 32992052 | Liver injury due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being increasingly recognized. […] Abnormal liver chemistry tests of varying severities occur in a majority of patients. […] However, there is a dearth of accompanying liver histologic studies in these patients. […] Liver biopsies were analyzed under light microscopy, portions of liver tissue were hybridized with a target probe to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 S gene, and small sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue were processed for electron microscopy. […] The liver histology of both cases showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with prominent bile duct damage, endotheliitis, and many apoptotic bodies. […] Furthermore, some of the histopathologic changes may resemble acute cellular rejection occurring after liver transplantation. |
| 32992075 | Key safety endpoints for the statin hypothesis include rise in liver enzymes >3 times upper normal limit and clinically-diagnosed myopathy. |
| 32994803 | Pharmacological studies had shown that SB has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, liver protection, etc. […] The active ingredients of SB were mostly distributed in liver and kidney, and couldn’t be absorbed into brain via oral absorption. […] SB’s toxicity was mostly manifested in liver fibrosis and allergic reactions, mainly caused by baicalin. |
| 32998791 | We observed that compared with survivors, non-survivors were older and illustrated higher respiratory rate, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), but lower SpO2 as well as impaired liver function, especially synthesis function. |
| 32999264 | Objective Liver injury is a notable complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] This study aimed to clarify the clinical features and liver injury in Japanese patients with COVID-19. […] We defined liver injury as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels over the upper limit of normal. […] Two patients had underlying liver diseases, and two were diagnosed as having COVID-19 without any symptoms. […] Elevated ALT and GGT levels were found in 12 and 12 patients, respectively, and liver injury was observed in 15 patients (68.2%). […] Compared with the patients without liver injury, those with liver injury had a significantly higher fever during the clinical course (median, 37.5°C vs. […] A significant correlation was found between the highest serum liver values and the highest body temperature in each patient. […] Liver injury was not associated with the severity or mortality of COVID-19. […] Conclusion Elevated levels of liver enzymes in the Japanese patients with COVID-19 were associated with the highest body temperature during the clinical course but not with the severity or mortality of COVID-19. |
| 33001040 | We analyzed clinical parameters and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related liver damage. […] Of the 332 COVID-19 patients, 98 (29.5%) were admitted with liver injury. […] The patient’s sex, COVID-19 severity, and a low liver CT density strongly correlated with liver injury (ORs: 2.936, 6.543, and 3.387, respectively). […] Though not severe, the liver injury among COVID-19 patients was pervasive. […] Being male, COVID-19 severity, low CT density, and medications may be risk factors for liver damage. […] Following recovery, liver function gradually returns to normal. […] Liver indicators were evaluated on admission. […] The risk factors, medications, and the dynamic change of liver functions were analyzed. |
| 33002740 | Serum IL-18 were correlated with other inflammatory markers and biochemical markers of organ injury; creatinine, liver enzymes and troponin. |
| 33006138 | Here we present two cases of suspected remdesivir-associated acute liver failure (ALF) in which the liver failure improved following continuous infusion acetylcysteine and withdrawal of remdesivir. |
| 33006440 | Patients with myocardial injury had higher levels of inflammation markers, poorer liver and kidney function, and more complications compared with patients without myocardial injury. |
| 33006798 | Rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection and impact of liver fibrosis stage upon infection rates in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are unknown. […] We determined the number of persons tested, proportion who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and the infection rate by age and liver fibrosis stage. […] The degree of liver fibrosis does not appear to have an impact on infection rate. |
| 33010411 | After adjusting for potential confounders, the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms at any time (odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.15) or liver test abnormalities on admission (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.80-2.12) were not independently associated with mechanical ventilation or death. […] Among patients hospitalized with COVID-19, gastrointestinal symptoms and liver test abnormalities were common but the majority were mild and their presence was not associated with a more severe clinical course. |
| 33010495 | SARS-CoV-2 could infect and productively replicate in the ex vivo human intestinal tissues with the release of infectious virus particles, but not in ex vivo human liver and kidney tissues. |
| 33010584 | However, the Covid-19 infection disrupts various organs, including the liver, kidney, and nervous system. |
| 33011088 | The association between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and disease progression in patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unclear. |
| 33011887 | The multi-organ dysfunction is characterized by acute lung failure, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, and as well as a wide spectrum of hematological abnormalities and neurological disorders. […] Although the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a receptor of SARS-CoV2 in the lung, heart, kidney, testis, liver, lymphocytes, and nervous system was confirmed, there are controversial findings to about the observation of SARS-CoV2 RNA in these organs. |
| 33012543 | Here we report a single-center cohort of 6 patients (4 kidney only, and 2 simultaneous liver/kidney transplants) diagnosed with COVID-19 at a median of 1.9 years (range = 0.2-9.3 years) post transplant. |
| 33014097 | In addition, a practical algorithm, considering renal and liver function, which facilitates the anticoagulation choice at discharge is presented. |
| 33014641 | This article is about a known case of heart failure presented with acute liver failure following a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) respiratory tract infection. […] Elevated liver enzymes, severe coagulopathy, and hypoglycemia were apparent without any clinical or laboratory findings of sepsis, acute viral hepatitis, medicine related or drug-induced, or autoimmune-related acute liver failure. […] Supportive and therapeutic measures related to his cardiovascular, respiratory, and liver function were executed in the ICU. |
| 33015108 | Most patients had organ dysfunction during hospitalization, including 11 (29.7%) with ARDS, 8 (21.6%) with acute kidney injury, 17 (45.9%) with acute cardiac injury, and 33 (89.2%) with acute liver dysfunction. […] Cardiac function was enhanced in the early stage and less likely to develop into acute cardiac injury, but most patients suffered with acute liver injury. |
| 33015111 | The medium impact (RR = 2-3) group comprised chronic pulmonary disease RR = 2.615 (95% CI, 2.061-3.319) and chronic liver disease RR = 1.577 (95% CI, 1.183-2.104) and the low impact group (RR<2) -coronary heart disease RR = 0.664 (95% CI, 0.581-0.758), cancer RR = 0.515 (95% CI, 0.416-0.637) and stroke RR = 0.468 (95% CI, 0.370-0.593). |
| 33015402 | Hyperemia, regional consolidation and subpleural air accumulation was observed on necropsy, with similar histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings in the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen and kidneys. […] Peak viral loads were detected in the lungs, with virus RNA present in the kidneys, jejunum, liver, spleen and heart. |
| 33015551 | There is evidence that Covid-19 can infect liver tissue and may cause transaminemia. […] The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) score is a mortality assessment tool in liver transplant patients that has been found to be prognostic in other clinical situations. |
| 33015653 | In histological analyses of organs (sampled from nine to 21 patients per organ), an extensive inflammatory response was present in the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. […] Thrombi and neutrophilic plugs were present in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and brain and were most frequently observed late in the disease course (15 patients with thrombi, median disease course 22 days [5-44]; ten patients with neutrophilic plugs, 21 days [5-44]). |
| 33015748 | Although COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory illness, other systems including gastrointestinal (GI) system and liver may be involved because of the ubiquitous nature of ACE-2 receptors in various cell lines that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes to enter host cells. […] It appears that GI symptoms and liver enzyme abnormalities are common in COVID-19. […] The involvement of the GI tract and liver correlates with the severity of disease. […] Liver enzymes are elevated, usually mild (2-3 times), in a substantial proportion of patients. […] There are many confounding factors that could cause liver enzyme abnormalities including medications, sepsis, and hypoxia. […] Although infection rates in those with preexisting liver disease are similar to that of general population, once infected, patients with liver disease are more likely to have a more severe disease and a higher mortality. |
| 33017170 | Trials excluded pregnant women and adults with severe kidney or liver disease. |
| 33017864 | We describe the case of an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in a young female who presented with acute liver failure secondary to acetaminophen toxicity to manage abdominal pain and in the setting of a positive SARS-CoV2 test. |
| 33021025 | No evidence-based treatment has been approved so far.2 Outcomes of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant (LT) recipients are not well known at present. |
| 33023552 | To the best of the authors knowledge, to this date very little data exists on COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with liver transplantation. […] We report a three year-old boy who had liver transplantation at 18 months old. |
| 33023681 | Vitamin K plays a crucial role in the activation of both pro- and anticlotting factors in the liver and the activation of extrahepatically synthesised protein S which seems to be important in local thrombosis prevention. […] In contrast to MGP, Covid-19 patients have normal levels of activated factor II, in line with previous observations that vitamin K is preferentially transported to the liver for activation of procoagulant factors. |
| 33023827 | The microbiota-gut-liver-lung axis plays a bidirectional role in the pathophysiology of a number of infectious diseases. […] Moreover, there is convincing preliminary evidence linking microbiota-gut-liver axis perturbations, proinflammatory status, and endothelial damage in noncommunicable preventable diseases with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) severity. […] This review provides evidence on gut-liver axis involvement in Covid-19 as well as insights into the hypothesis that intestinal endotheliitis and permeability changes with bacterial translocation are key pathophysiologic events modulating systemic inflammatory response. […] Moreover, it presents an overview of readily applicable measures for the modulation of the gut-liver axis and microbiota in clinical practice. |
| 33024082 | Following CP transfusion, six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status; chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients within 8 days; the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia; other laboratory parameters also tended to improve, including increased lymphocyte counts, decreased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and indicators for liver function. |
| 33026573 | This study was designed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19-associated liver injury. […] Clinical and laboratory data were derived from electronic medical records and compared between patients with or without liver injury. […] Multivariate logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for liver injury. […] Among 657 patients, 303 (46.1%) patients had liver injury with higher rate in severe/critically ill patients [148/257 (57.6%)] than those in moderate cases [155/400 (38.8%)]. […] The incidence of liver injury was much higher in male [192/303 (63.4%)] than female [111/303 (36.6%)], and in severe/critical patients [148/303 (48.8%)] with percutaneous oxygen saturation ≤ 93% [89/279 (31.9%)] or peak body temperature ≥ 38.5 °C [185/301 (61.5%)] on admission. […] Liver injury-related inflammations included increased white blood cells, neutrophils and decreased lymphocytes. […] More patients with liver injury than without had increased serum IL-2R, TNFα, ferritin, hsCRP, PCT, ESR, γ-GT, and LDH. […] Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increasing odds of liver injury were related to male, higher serum hsCRP (≥ 10 mg/L), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (≥ 5). […] Liver injury is a common complication in COVID-19 patients. […] The potential risk factors of liver injury include male, hsCRP and NLR score. […] A close monitor of liver function should be warned in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe/critical individuals. |
| 33028689 | While liver damage was observed in symptomatic patients, as indicated by elevated liver enzymes and decreased liver-synthesized proteins in the blood, asymptomatic patients showed normal liver measurements. […] This may have been due to more active cellular immune responses and normal liver function. |
| 33029105 | The novel coronavirus is not only causing respiratory problems, but it may also damage the heart, kidneys, liver, and other organs; in Wuhan, 14 to 30% of COVID-19 patients have lost their kidney function and now require either dialysis or kidney transplants. […] The inflammatory chemicals released during COVID-19 infection cause the liver to produce proteins that defend the body from infections. |
| 33029494 | More patients in the nonsurviving group had increased levels of nonspecific infection markers, abnormal liver and kidney function, cardiac injury, and blood coagulation abnormalities on admission. |
| 33031439 | Although metabolic risk factors are associated with more severe COVID-19, there is little evidence on outcomes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). […] This study included all consecutive patients admitted for COVID-19 between February and April 2020 at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, with either imaging of the liver available dated within one year from the admission or a known diagnosis of NAFLD. […] Among NAFLD patients, male gender (p = 0.01), ferritin (p = 0.003) and EWS (p = 0.047) were associated with in-hospital mortality, while the presence of intermediate/high risk FIB-4 or liver cirrhosis was not. |
| 33032841 | Paradoxically, the patient with more risks of developing a severe disease, a 64-year-old woman, 2-years liver transplant recipient under treatment with tacrolimus, presented a similar outcome compared to the two other members of the family. […] The present observation states that liver recipients’ patients with COVID-19 may not have worse outcomes when compared with other patients that have COVID-19 risk factors and puts in evidence the two mechanisms related to tacrolimus. |
| 33035628 | Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are associated with immune dysregulation leading to concerns that these patients may be at risk of adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] However, the impact of COVID-19 among patients with pre-existing liver disease remains ill-defined. […] After adjusting for baseline characteristics, factors associated with death in the total CLD cohort were age (OR 1.02; 1.01-1.04), CTP-A (OR 1.90; 1.03-3.52), CTP-B (OR 4.14; 2.4-7.65), CTP-C cirrhosis (OR 9.32; 4.80-18.08) and alcohol related liver disease (ALD) (OR 1.79; 1.03-3.13). […] Acute hepatic decompensation occurred in 46% of patients with cirrhosis, of which 21% had no respiratory symptoms. 50% of those with hepatic decompensation had acute-on-chronic liver failure. […] We demonstrate that baseline liver disease stage and ALD are independent risk factor for death from COVID-19. |
| 33035673 | By multivariate analysis, mortality was associated with older age (HR = 1.09, p < 0.001), chronic heart failure (HR = 4.4, p = 0.003), and chronic liver disease (HR = 4.69, p = 0.004). |
| 33035967 | Patients with severe COVID-19 may also develop acute cardiac, kidney and liver injury that are associated with poor prognosis and can lead to high mortality rate. |
| 33036662 | Underlying diseases, including heart disease, chronic hypertension, severe renal failure, severe liver failure, and thyroid disorders 2. |
| 33036894 | On day 15, we observed renal, liver, and coagulation dysfunction, indicating multi-organ failure. |
| 33037657 | The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 among liver transplant (LT) recipients was highly variable in different European countries in the early survey of European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association (ELITA) and European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). […] Combining data from all European countries in one platform/study would provide a unique opportunity to monitor the incidence of COVID-19 in liver transplantation setting, adding a dynamic dimension to our first report, and most importantly to collect additional information on treatment strategies to optimize the management of COVID 19 in the very special population of LT recipients. |
| 33039144 | Owing to limited data available, it remains unclear to what extent liver transplant recipients should be considered at a higher risk of severe disease. […] We describe a moderate course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient who underwent a liver transplant 2 years earlier because of Budd-Chiari syndrome. […] With this case report, we demonstrate that liver transplantation and immunosuppression is not necessarily associated with severe COVID-19 and emphasize that more information on this matter is urgently required. |
| 33039937 |
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| 33040042 | The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has disrupted the delivery of routine healthcare services on a global scale. […] We describe an atypical case of Lemierre’s syndrome involving the brain, liver and lungs following a dental infection in a young male who delayed seeking dental or medical attention due to a lack of routine services and concerns about the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. |
| 33040064 | COVID-19 was initially considered to be a respiratory disease but soon after the pandemic established it became clear that the SARS-CoV-2 virus which caused the disease could lead to serious systemic consequences affecting most of the major organs including the digestive tract, liver and pancreas. […] This review brings together the new information which is clinically relevant to the gastroenterologist including the origins of the disease, mechanisms of tissue damage and how this affects specific patient groups, including those with inflammatory bowel disease, comorbidities and the role of immunosuppression, chronic liver disease and the risk of decompensation for those with cirrhosis. […] Some re-purposed drugs used against SARS-CoV-2 can cause or aggravate some of the COVID-19 GI symptoms and also can induce iatrogenic liver injury. |
| 33040065 | Anastasioua et al(1), wherein the authors described the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mortality in patients suffering from Mild or severe liver injury. […] They demonstrated that while the mild liver injury was not associated with worse outcomes in their cohort, a cohort with severe liver injury showed multiple-organ failure and acute vascular events leading to higher mortality(1). |
| 33040430 | A 42 year male with alcoholic hepatitis underwent a successful deceased donor liver transplantation 71 days after the initial diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 33041326 | After intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg RDV in mice, the concentrations of the parent drug, nucleotide monophosphate (RMP) and triphosphate (RTP), as well as nucleoside (RN), in the blood, heart, liver, lung, kidney, testis, and small intestine were quantified. […] Moreover, RDV presented an extensive distribution, and the lung, liver and kidney showed high levels of the parent drug and metabolites. […] The metabolic stabilities of RDV and RMP were also evaluated using lung, liver, and kidney microsomes. […] RDV showed higher clearances in the liver and kidney than in the lung, with intrinsic clearance (CLint) values of 1740, 1253, and 127 mL/(min∙g microsomal protein), respectively. |
| 33043228 | Consequently, the ability to treat patients with organ failure, in particular patients with end stage liver disease where no temporizing treatments exist, and to obtain expected excellent outcomes for new liver transplant recipients has been challenged during this time. […] We summarize some of the negative effects of the current pandemic on organ recovery and liver transplantation as well as offer considerations and strategies for their mitigation that could have a lasting impact on the field even after COVID-19 has waned. |
| 33043235 | FX is known to be primarily produced in the liver, but it is also expressed by multiple cells types, including alveolar epithelium, cardiac myocytes, and macrophages. |
| 33043283 | Our results are consistent with a model in which SARS-CoV-2 infection induces liver damage associated with dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. |
| 33043651 | Liver injury may happen in a minority of patients. |
| 33043888 | Serum lactate dehydrogenase and liver enzymes were elevated. |
| 33045618 | In patients with confirmed COVID-19, care should be taken to avoid drug interactions, between lipid-lowering medications and drugs that may be used to treat COVID-19, especially in patients with abnormalities in liver function tests. |
| 33046317 | Among the complications, besides the respiratory worsening, renal failure, liver failure and the state of sepsis were most frequently found; less frequent complications were lesions induced by ventilation with a barotrauma mechanism, ischemic heart disease, the appearance of central neurological events of sensory alterations, meningo - encephalitis and cerebral hemorrhage, and peripheral neurological events with polyneuro - myopathies. |
| 33046644 | As coronaviruses cause severe economic losses in the pork industry and swine are key intermediate hosts of human disease outbreaks, we synthetically resurrected a recombinant virus (rSADS-CoV) as well as a derivative encoding tomato red fluorescent protein (tRFP) in place of ORF3. rSADS-CoV replicated efficiently in a variety of continuous animal and primate cell lines, including human liver and rectal carcinoma cell lines. |
| 33046686 | Patients with severe disease are more likely to have increased liver enzymes. […] The disease can affect the liver through various mechanisms. |
| 33047431 | Liver dysfunction is sometimes observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but most of studies are from China and the frequency in other countries is unclear. […] In addition, previous studies suggested several mechanisms of liver damage but precise or additional mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. […] Therefore, we examined COVID-19 patients to explore the proportion of patients with liver dysfunction and also the factors associated with liver dysfunction. […] Considering that higher D-dimer level and WBC count were independently associated with ALT elevation, liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients might be induced by microvascular thrombosis in addition to systemic inflammation. |
| 33047475 | Thus it is unclear, when and if liver transplantation can be safely offered to patients that suffered from COVID-19. […] Here, we report on a successful liver transplantation shortly after convalescence from COVID-19 with subsequent partial seroreversion as well as recurrence and prolonged shedding of viral RNA. |
| 33050924 | Exclusion criteria are: Inability to make an informed decision to participate (e.g.: dementia, guardianship); Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale ≥7; Long QT syndrome; QTc interval > 500 ms; Heart rate <50/min; Kalaemia >5.5 mmol/L or <3.5 mmol/L; Ongoing treatment with piperaquine, halofantrine, dasatinib, nilotinib, hydroxyzine, domperidone, citalopram, escitalopram, potent inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 isoenzyme, repaglinide, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, theophylline, pyrazinamide, warfarin; Known hypersensitivity to any of the trial drugs or to chloroquine and other 4-aminoquinolines, amodiaquine, mefloquine, glafenine, floctafenine, antrafenine, ARB; Hepatic porphyria; Liver failure (Child-Pugh stage ≥B); Stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²); Dialysis; Hypersentivity to lactose; Lactase deficiency; Abnormalities in galactose metabolism; Malabsorption syndrome; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; Symptomatic hyperuricemia; Ileus; Colitis; Enterocolitis; Chronic hepatitis B virus disease. |
| 33050945 | All COVID-19 patients admitted to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas whose PCR test results are positive for SARS-Cov-2 and sign the written consent of the study are included in the study and immunocompromised patients, end-stage renal disease, moderate renal failure (clearance Creatinine 30 to 50 ml/min) or stage 4 severe chronic kidney disease or need for dialysis (creatinine clearance lesser than 30 ml/min), history of liver disease, hepatitis C infection or alcoholism, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency(G6PD), the ratio of Alanine transaminase to Aspartate transaminase 5 times above the normal limit, history or evidence of long QT segment on Electrocardiogram, psoriasis or porphyria, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, Dasatinib, Neratinib, Ozanimod, Pazopanib, Rilpivirine, Siponimod and/or Tizanidine and allergies to any study drug are excluded. |
| 33051497 | Squalene has historically been harvested from shark liver oil, which is undesirable for a variety of reasons. |
| 33051758 | Our aim was to correlate the liver-to-spleen ratio (L/S), clinical, laboratory findings, and lung CT scores of patients with COVID-19 who had two consecutive chest CTs. |
| 33052181 | The impact of these on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) activity and outcome is not known. |
| 33052386 | Effective options are available for patients who may be pregnant, those who have specific clinical conditions, such as kidney, liver, or cardiovascular disease, those who have opportunistic diseases, or those who have health care access issues. |
| 33052960 | Variables highly predictive of mortality included geographic location of the hospital (OR = 2.2 for Northeast region, OR = 2.1 for North region); renal (OR = 2.0) and liver (OR = 1.7) chronic disease; immunosuppression (OR = 1.7); obesity (OR = 1.7); neurological (OR = 1.6), cardiovascular (OR = 1.5), and hematologic (OR = 1.2) disease; diabetes (OR = 1.4); chronic pneumopathy (OR = 1.4); immunosuppression (OR = 1.3); respiratory symptoms, ranging from respiratory discomfort (OR = 1.4) and dyspnea (OR = 1.3) to oxygen saturation less than 95% (OR = 1.7); hospitalization in a public hospital (OR = 1.2); and self-reported patient illiteracy (OR = 1.1). |
| 33053426 | The incidence of liver injury (LI) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients ranged from 14% to 53% based on sole or multiple elevated indexes for LI. […] Demographic information, clinical features, and laboratory testing outcomes on admission were compared between patients with and without liver biochemistry abnormality (LBA). |
| 33053932 |
Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, the implication of pre-existing liver disease on the outcome of COVID-19 remains unresolved. . […] Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with coexisting liver disease as well as the predictors of disease severity and mortality of COVID-19 were assessed. . […] Of the 47 patients (4.7%) who had liver-related comorbidities, 14 patients (1.4%) had liver cirrhosis. […] Liver cirrhosis was more common in COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia than in those with non-severe pneumonia (4.5% vs. […] Compared to patients without liver cirrhosis, a higher proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis required oxygen therapy; were admitted to the intensive care unit; had septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute kidney injury; and died (P<0.05). […] The overall survival rate was significantly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those without liver cirrhosis (log-rank test, P=0.003). […] Along with old age and diabetes, the presence of liver cirrhosis was found to be an independent predictor of severe disease (odds ratio, 4.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-17.02;P=0.026) and death (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.04-9.30; P=0.042) in COVID-19 patients. . […] This study suggests liver cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for COVID-19. |
| 33062951 | We also briefly discuss the possible role of these vaccines and the specific concerns for their use in patients with pre-existing disease conditions such as cardiovascular, lung, kidney, and liver diseases, cancer patients who are receiving immunosuppressive medications, including anticancer chemotherapies, and many other sensitive populations, such as children and the elderly. |
| 33064667 | Late biomarkers such as anemia, neutrophilia and elevated liver biomarkers appeared after one week with a peak at three weeks of hospitalization. |
| 33072084 | It is accepted that there is a mutual communication between the gut microbiota and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system through the “microbiota-gut-brain axis.” |
| 33072456 | We aim to educate the medical community about the possible complications by COVID-19 in the liver and highlight that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be a useful option in these cases. |
| 33072634 | Comorbidities including cancer, rheumatism, immunodeficiency, or chronic diseases of respiratory, liver, and blood were classified as “other comorbidities” due to low frequency. |
| 33073969 | Since most of these parameters were related to hepatic function, their alterations indicated liver injury. |
| 33074995 | In addition, patients with certain chronic diseases like chronic liver disease or inflammatory bowel disease may have worse outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| 33075578 | In severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic 60% of patients had hepatic injury, due to phylogenetic similarities of the viruses it is assumed that COVID-19 is associated with acute liver injury. […] In this meta-analysis, we aim to study the occurrence and association of liver injury, comorbid liver disease and elevated liver enzymes in COVID-19 confirmed hospitalizations with outcomes. […] Data from observational studies describing comorbid chronic liver disease, acute liver injury, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients from December 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020 was extracted following PRISMA guidelines. […] Our meta-analysis suggests that acute liver injury and elevated liver enzymes were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity. […] Future studies should evaluate changing levels of biomarkers amongst liver disease patients to predict poor outcomes of COVID-19 and causes of liver injury during COVID-19 infection. |
| 33078127 | In patients with HCC, COVID-19 may exacerbate existing chronic liver disease and complicate the management of cancer. |
| 33078400 | Severe acute liver injury was significantly associated with high levels of ferritin, and its level was associated with intensive supportive care, including ICU transfer and mechanical ventilation. |
| 33079969 | Univariate rate ratios for conditions listed by public health agencies as conferring high risk were 2.75 (95% CI 1.96-3.88, p = 6 × 10-9) for type 1 diabetes, 1.60 (95% CI 1.48-1.74, p = 8 × 10-30) for type 2 diabetes, 1.49 (95% CI 1.37-1.61, p = 3 × 10-21) for ischemic heart disease, 2.23 (95% CI 2.08-2.39, p = 4 × 10-109) for other heart disease, 1.96 (95% CI 1.83-2.10, p = 2 × 10-78) for chronic lower respiratory tract disease, 4.06 (95% CI 3.15-5.23, p = 3 × 10-27) for chronic kidney disease, 5.4 (95% CI 4.9-5.8, p = 1 × 10-354) for neurological disease, 3.61 (95% CI 2.60-5.00, p = 2 × 10-14) for chronic liver disease, and 2.66 (95% CI 1.86-3.79, p = 7 × 10-8) for immune deficiency or suppression. |
| 33080435 | COVID-19 is associated with the different comorbidities with its change in biological function such as causing heart dysfunction via deregulating ACE-2 receptor, gastrointestinal risk via causing vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, chronic kidney disease via proteinuria and hematuria, diabetes mellitus, liver injury via increasing ALT, AST and bilirubin level, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risk, and cancer risk. |
| 33083389 | Liver injury was observed in patients with COVID-19, and its severity varied depending on disease severity, geographical area, and patient age. […] Systemic inflammatory response, immune damage, ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral direct damage, drug induce, mechanical ventilation, and underlying diseases may contribute to liver injury. […] Although, in most cases, mild liver dysfunction is observed, which is usually temporary and does not require special treatment, the importance of monitoring liver injury should be emphasized for doctors. […] The risk of COVID-19 infection of liver transplantation recipients caused more and more concerns. […] In this article, we aimed to review the available literature on liver injury in COVID-19 to highlight the importance of monitoring and treating liver injury in COVID-19. |
| 33088807 | We found that tumor tissues had higher expression levels of ACE2 compared with normal tissue in the kidney and the liver and lower expression levels in the lung. […] High expression levels of ACE2 were beneficial to survival in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, although this was not the case in lung squamous cell carcinoma. |
| 33088822 | Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is created in the liver which also maintains its concentration, but this reduces by 10-15% after 50 years of age. |
| 33090710 | Age, comorbidities, higher neutrophil cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts and subsets, impairment of liver, renal, heart, coagulation systems, systematic inflammation and clinical scores at admission were significantly associated with disease severity. |
| 33090987 | Patients with COVID-19 had almost 19 times the risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) than did patients with influenza, (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 18.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.40-28.00), and more than twice the risk for myocarditis (2.56; 1.17-5.59), deep vein thrombosis (2.81; 2.04-3.87), pulmonary embolism (2.10; 1.53-2.89), intracranial hemorrhage (2.85; 1.35-6.03), acute hepatitis/liver failure (3.13; 1.92-5.10), bacteremia (2.46; 1.91-3.18), and pressure ulcers (2.65; 2.14-3.27). |
| 33092653 | Having comorbidities (such as severe renal failure, Glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min, liver failure, Congestive heart failure, or Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 7. |
| 33094594 | We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis in order to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19-induced liver injury. […] The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of COVID- 19-induced liver damage, mainly represented by increase in serum transaminases and bilirubin. […] Out of 793 included patients, the pooled prevalence of COVID-19-related liver damage was 22.17% (95% CI 17.64 to 27.07), mostly indicated by hypertransaminasemia. […] COVID-19-induced liver injury must not be ignored, as it is observed in one fifth of infected patients. […] Prospective studies evaluating liver function during the course of COVID-19 are needed to provide a complete overview of hepatic involvement during this viral infection. |
| 33095835 | The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, lung disease, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, COPD and asthma. |
| 33097559 | Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality associated with type 2 diabetes, with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, and other major comorbidities (chronic respiratory disease, asthma, chronic heart disease, hypertension, immunosuppression, chronic neurological disease, chronic renal disease, and chronic liver disease). value for age-type 2 diabetes interaction = 0.002). |
| 33098200 | We compiled information for 778 (423 kidney, 113 HSCT, 110 liver, 69 heart, 54 lung, 8 pancreas, 1 multivisceral) recipients. |
| 33099028 | Liver function tests (LFT) abnormalities are reported in up to 50% of COVID-19 patients, and metabolic comorbidities are associated with poorer outcomes. […] The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in patients with COVID-19 and their association with clinical outcomes. […] The risk for liver steatosis was estimated by HSI > 36, and risk for advanced liver fibrosis with APRI > 1.0, NAFLD FS > 0.675 and/or FIB-4 > 3.25. […] Abnormal LFT were present in 96.8% (n = 150), prevalence of steatosis was 42.6% (n = 66) and of significative liver fibrosis was 44.5% (n = 69). […] Liver fibrosis by FIB-4 was associated with risk of ICU admission (OR 1.74 [95%CI 1.74-2.68; p = 0.023]) and mortality (OR 6.45 [95%CI 2.01-20.83, p = 0.002]); no independent associations were found. […] The prevalence of steatosis and significant liver fibrosis was high in COVID-19 patients but was not associated with clinical outcomes. |
| 33099897 | Moreover, Covid-19 patients manifest various degrees of liver injury characterized by alterations in liver function enzymes. […] Interestingly, the manifestation of digestive symptoms and liver abnormalities correlate with disease severity, the incidence of the critical outcome, and the recovery time of the patients. […] However, the pathogenic mechanisms behind Covid-19 induced abnormalities in the gut-liver axis seem multifactorial in origin. […] This review compiles the current knowledge sourced from pre-clinical and clinical research and summarizes the various gastrointestinal and hepatic dysfunction observed following infection with Covid-19 virus, and also explores the possible mechanistic link precipitating the abnormalities in the gut-liver axis. |
| 33101458 | However, mild-to-moderate elevation in transaminases and drug-induced liver injury have been observed in patients treated with tocilizumab. […] We present seven cases of patients with elevated liver enzymes [up to five times the upper limit of normal (ULN)] at baseline who received tocilizumab for life-threatening COVID-19 disease. […] All patients had no history of liver or pulmonary disease and were admitted for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, dyspnea and fever due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. […] After tocilizumab administration, clinical condition rapidly improved and liver function test normalized within 3 weeks of treatment. […] Tocilizumab may be effective for the treatment of severe COVID-19 disease, even in patients with elevated liver function tests. […] Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of tocilizumab use on liver function tests in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. |
| 33103061 | A significant number of these will develop cirrhosis or liver cancer. |
| 33106171 | Underlying diseases, including chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, seizure, depression, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cholestatic liver diseases. |
| 33106469 | Liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging. […] In this study, we review the published literature on liver transplant recipients who were infected with COVID-19. […] Fifteen articles reported 120 liver transplant recipients who were infected with COVID-19. […] Liver transplant patients infected with COVID-19 were maintained on Tac (79%), mycophenolate (MMF) (48.4%), and Prednisone (29.6%) and were managed by reducing MMF in 14.3% of patients and reducing Tac in 14.3% of patients; 28.6% of patients needed ICU admission, 13.6% of patients had died, and the reported general population COVID-19 mortality rate was 3.4%. […] The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients may be different from the general population, with higher rates of severe disease, complications, and mortality. |
| 33107315 | Data on liver transplantation and chronic liver disease during the pandemic has remained scarce, and there is little information on whether immunosuppressed patients are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 infection. […] This review provides information for health care providers who care for patients with liver transplantation and chronic liver diseases. |
| 33108683 | Conversely, the percentage of samples from the urinary tract, serous cavities, breast, lymph nodes, respiratory tract, salivary glands, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and biliary tract increased (P < .05). |
| 33108789 | The presence of ACE2 receptors in the liver renders this organ a potential target for the novel coronavirus. […] In each case we stained liver tissue sections with haematoxylin/eosin, Masson blue trichrome stain, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Perls, and performed cytokeratin-7 (CK7) immunochemistry. […] Macroscopically, livers were pale and yellowish in 8 of 14 (57%) patients, and had a nutmeg appearance in the other 6 cases (42%). […] We concluded that COVID-19 infection was not associated with a specific histopathological pattern of the liver. |
| 33109246 | Underlying conditions, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholestatic liver diseases, cholecystitis, peptic ulcers, acute and chronic renal failure, and peptic ulcers. |
| 33109449 | The authors created the Online Liver Imaging Course (OLIC) that comprised 28 online comprehensive lectures delivered in real-time and on-demand over six weeks. |
| 33110586 | The higher likelihood of deaths was found among COVID-19 patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio (OR) = 3.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.86-4.09), immune and metabolic disorders (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 2.03-2.85), respiratory diseases (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.72-2.19), cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 3.04-5.58), any types of cancers (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.63-3.03), renal (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 2.60-3.51), and liver diseases (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.50-3.69). |
| 33112011 | CRP was a risk factor associated with short-term mortality in patients with hypertension, but not liver diseases; additionally, D-dimer was a risk factor for death in patients with liver diseases. |
| 33115543 | Off-label use of agents such as hydroxychloroquine is not an exclusion criterion, 2) Pregnant or breastfeeding women, 3) Patients with significant liver or renal dysfunction at the time of screening as defined as: 3.1) Direct bilirubin >2.5 mg/dL, 3.2) AST, ALT, or alkaline phosphatase >5x upper limit of normal, 3.3) eGFR ≤30 mL/min or requiring renal replacement therapy, 4) Patients with significant hematologic disorder at screen as defined as: 4.1) Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <500/μL, 4.2) Platelet <20,000/μL, 4.3) Hemoglobin <7 g/dL, 5) Uncontrolled underlying illness including, but not limited to, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled active seizure disorder, or psychiatric illness/social situations that per site Principal Investigator’s judgment would limit compliance with study requirements, 6) Known allergy to imatinib or its component products, 7) Any other clinical conditions that in the opinion of the investigator would make the subject unsuitable for the study. […] The exploratory endpoints include: Determine the impact of treatment arms on IL-6 levels, Obtain blood/peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for storage to look at transcriptomics in severe disease, Association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with severity of illness, Mean change in the ordinal scale from baseline, Time to an improvement of one category from admission using an ordinal scale, Duration of hospitalization, Duration of new oxygen use, Number of oxygenation free days, Duration of new mechanical ventilation, Number of ventilator free days. <300 mmHg, and requires supplemental oxygen administration by nasal cannula, simple face mask, or other similar oxygen delivery device; 2) Critical disease: requires supplemental oxygen delivered by non-rebreather mask or high flow cannula OR use of invasive or non-invasive ventilation OR requiring treatment in an intensive care unit, use of vasopressors, extracorporeal life support, or renal replacement therapy. |
| 33115547 | The morbidity risk was higher with COPD (RR = 2.68), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (RR = 3.33) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (RR = 3.99). |
| 33116063 | Some patients had gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease and liver disease. […] To investigate the prevalence of GI symptoms, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease and liver disease in patients with COVID-19 by a systematic review and meta-analysis. […] Primary outcomes were the prevalence of GI symptoms, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease, and liver disease. […] The most significant abnormal liver function was increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.33). […] A total of 3% of the patients had liver disease (95% CI: 0.02-0.05). […] The prevalence of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease, and liver disease was higher in Wuhan group. […] The most significant abnormal liver function was increased ALT. […] Severe patients were more likely to have GI symptoms and abnormal liver function. |
| 33116066 | Twelve (33%) patients had elevations in liver transaminases at presentation; patients with elevated transaminases were more likely to have associated GI symptoms (83% vs. |
| 33117727 | Blood and liver function indices indicate that chronic complications, including hypertension and diabetes, could increase the risk of inflammation and liver injury in pregnant COVID-19 patients. |
| 33117833 | Cardiac, liver, and kidney injury may be associated with death for critically ill patients with COVID-19 undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. |
| 33117850 | The use of remdesivir was not associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) or liver test abnormalities. |
| 33118517 | To analyze the clinical manifestations of heart, liver and kidney damages in the early stage of COVID-19 to identify the indicators for these damages. […] The data including CK-MB, aTnI, BNP, heart rate, changes in ECG, LVEF (%), left ventricular general longitudinal strain (GLS, measured by color Doppler ultrasound) were collected.The changes of liver function biochemical indicators were dynamically reviewed.BUN, UCR, eGFR, Ccr, and UACR and the levels of MA, A1M, IGU, and TRU were recorded. […] In patients with COVID-19, heart damage can be identified early by observing the GLS and new abnormalities on ECG in spite of normal aTNI and LVEF.Early liver injury is not obvious in these patients, but dynamic monitoring of the indicators of should be emplemented, especially in severe cases. |
| 33119428 | Several studies have reported on liver injury during COVID-19. […] However, the definition and timing of liver injury is different among the published articles. […] The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether COVID-19 related liver injury at the time of first presentation is associated with the course of the disease. […] We excluded patients with known chronic liver disease, harmful alcohol consumption or patients on certain antibiotics prior to admission. […] The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without COVID-19 related liver injury were compared. […] Liver injury was defined as elevated alanine aminotransferase and/or alkaline phosphatase at the time when the first positive COVID-19 sample was obtained. […] Liver injury was not associated with a more severe course of the disease in terms of hospitalization, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission and mortality. […] COVID-19 related liver injury at the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 does not seem to be associated with a more severe course of the disease in our hospital. |
| 33120805 | Liver chemistries are frequently abnormal, with transaminases shown to be one-two times the upper limit of normal in most instances. […] A thorough work-up of acute liver failure including liver biopsy confirmed acute hepatitis with viral like changes. […] Common viral causes of liver failure were ruled out. […] The patient improved with resolution of encephalopathy and normalization of her liver chemistries without any development of respiratory illness. […] Until now, the literature has primarily described a respiratory illness and liver injury with mild transaminase elevations. […] Significant liver injury progressing to acute liver failure should be considered in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 33122448 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits many extrapulmonary manifestations, including liver injury. […] This scoping review aimed to provide insight into the incidence, patterns, risk factors, histopathological findings, and relationship with disease severity of COVID-19-associated liver injury. […] The incidence of liver injury varied widely across the studies (4.8%-78%), and liver injury was frequently associated with severe COVID-19. […] We identified the following risk factors for liver injury: male sex, lymphopoenia, gastrointestinal involvement, old age, increased neutrophil count, and the use of hepatotoxic drugs. […] Histopathological findings indicate that COVID-19 has direct cytopathic effects and causes liver function test derangements secondary to inflammation, hypoxia, and vascular insult. […] Liver injury following COVID-19 infection is common and primarily hepatocellular, with a greater elevation of aspartate aminotransferase than of alanine aminotransferase. […] Standardised criteria to diagnose liver injury need to be devised. […] Current use of hepatotoxic drugs necessitates close monitoring of liver function. |
| 33124029 | Bilateral pneumonia constitutes the hallmark of severe COVID-19 disease but an involvement of other organ systems, namely the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, and central nervous system, occurs in at least half of the fatal COVID-19 cases. |
| 33125416 | COVID-19 patients aged 65 to 84 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 2.50), needing mechanical ventilation (OR 8.74, 95% CI 5.27 to 14.77), having congestive cardiac failure (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.50), chronic liver disease (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.17 to 10.00), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.97 to 4.01) had higher odds for developing AKI. |
| 33126325 | Relative to the mild group, the severe/critical group had higher levels of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), liver enzymes, and myocardial enzymes (P < .05), and decreased levels of lymphocytes and blood oxygen partial pressure (P < .05). […] Disease severity correlated with increased leukocytes, CRP, PCT, BNP, D-dimer, liver enzymes, and myocardial enzymes, and with decreased lymphocytes and blood oxygen partial pressure. |
| 33126910 | Patients with a critical illness (WHO clinical improvement ordinal score > 5), documented significant liver disease/dysfunction (aspartate transaminase [AST] / alanine aminotransferase [ALT] > 240), myopathy and rhabdomyolysis (creatine phosphokinase [CPK] > 5x normal), allergy or intolerance to statins or aspirin, prior statin or aspirin use within 30 days, history of active gastrointestinal bleeding in past three months, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100000/ dl), pregnancy, active breastfeeding, or inability to take oral or nasogastric medications will be excluded. |
| 33127076 | The objective of this systematic review was to assess currently published literature relating to the management, clinical course, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver, kidney, and heart solid organ transplant recipients. […] We conducted a systematic review to assess currently published literature relating to the management, clinical course, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver, kidney, and heart solid organ transplant recipients. |
| 33129222 | Partial hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome was the hypothesis, and a cesarean section was performed. |
| 33129363 | Current use of drugs that prolong the QT interval, Severe liver damage (Child-Pugh score ≥ C, AST> 5 times the upper limit), HIV. |
| 33130333 | Monitoring of the liver balance should therefore be considered at a distance from the acute episode in the perspective of DOACs relay. |
| 33130588 | A comprehensive metabolic panel was drawn from the patient on admission, indicating markedly high liver function tests (LFTs) ≥20 times above the upper limit of normal. |
| 33130840 | Regarding outcomes, these patients had higher intensive care admissions; a higher rate of complications including acute kidney and liver injury, acidosis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, needed more mechanical ventilation, and had a significantly higher risk of death. |
| 33132657 | Most critically ill patients have organ injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, cardiac injury, or liver dysfunction. |
| 33134968 | Cross-sectional and retrospective studies reporting the prevalence of comorbid conditions such as acute cardiac injury, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, shock, acute respiratory disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. […] Also, the prevalence of acute kidney injury, acute liver injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and shock were estimated as 10% (95% Cl: 6 - 14%), 19% (95% Cl: 10 - 27%), 23 % (95% Cl: 19 - 27%), and 12 % (95% Cl: 5 - 19 %). […] According to this meta-analysis, comorbidities such as hypertension, acute liver and kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, diabetes, and coronary heart disease seem to be a predisposing factor for symptomatic and severe COVID-19 infection. |
| 33136164 | Patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 mL/min, those with liver function tests 5 times the normal reference range, and those who were pregnant were excluded from treatment with remdesivir. |
| 33136731 | Liver injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was poorly understood. […] The markers of liver injury, severity of disease and prognosis among 495 COVID-19 patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 1st January 2019 to 11th March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. […] By comparing the changes of liver injury markers 7-10 days after hospitalization, the level of albumin deteriorated from 35.0 ± 6.2 to 30.20 ± 5.5 (P < 0.001), A/G ratio from 1.21 ± 0.24 to 1.06 ± 0.25 (P < 0.001), and FAR from 13.4 ± 4.0 to 15.4 ± 2.9(P < 0.001) in severe COVID-19 patients, while the changes of albumin, A/G ratio and FAR showed opposite patterns in mild COVID-19 patients. |
| 33138658 | The effects and clinical findings of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal (GI) system and especially lungs have been widely discussed. |
| 33139241 | To assess the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a French cohort of hospitalized patients. […] 20.2% were taken liver-toxic drugs at the admission and 27.4% were given drugs known to induce hepatic cytolysis during hospitalization. […] In multivariate analysis, obesity and cytolytic profil were associated with the composite endpoint (respectively 2.37 [1.21; 4.64], p= 0.01 and OR 6.20, 95% confidence interval [1.84, 20.95], p-value 0.003) CONCLUSION: Most of liver injuries are mild and transient during COVID-19. |
| 33139693 | In addition, there exist multiple abnormalities in liver enzymes. […] COVID-19-related liver injury may be due to drug-induced liver injury, systemic inflammatory reaction, and hypoxia-ischemia reperfusion injury. […] The direct toxic attack of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver is still questionable. |
| 33141117 | 10.4%, P = 0.041) and liver injury (18.3% vs. |
| 33143601 | Until September 2020, 3140 kidney and 667 liver transplants have been performed in our centers. […] We evaluated 38 kidney transplants and 9 liver transplants procedures performed during the pandemic (March 1 to September 2, 2020). […] During the pandemic, 9 living donor liver transplants (1 adult, 8 pediatric) were performed with an average length of hospital stay of 17.1 days. […] Only 1 liver recipient died (on day 55 after discharge as a result of oxalosis-induced heart failure). |
| 33146360 | Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 as they present with two major diseases: cancer and concomitant chronic liver disease. […] This document was developed, on the basis of the best evidence available, by a multidisciplinary team from Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), and Instituto Central of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), which are members of the São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group. |
| 33147270 | Liver injury is not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, and clarifying its characteristics is needed. […] This study aimed to identify factors associated with liver injury and to develop a new classification of predictive severity in patients with COVID-19. […] The factors of liver injury especially on the elevation of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) were analyzed. […] A logistic regression analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline, oxygenation, intubation, and GS were significant factors of liver injury. […] COVID-19-related liver injury was significantly stratified based on GS and severity of pneumonia. |
| 33148132 | COVID-19 can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, heart injury, and liver dysfunction, which would aggravate the progress of aortic dissection. |
| 33148326 | Except representative manifestation of pneumonia and acute respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients have also shown different levels of liver injury or liver dysfunction. […] The aim of our study was to explore the probable clinical severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients and their liver dysfunction. […] We found a significant connection between liver dysfunction and mortality of COVID-19 patients with a pooled OR of 1.98 (95% CI 1.39-2.82; P = 0.0002). […] The mortality and severity of COVID-19 patients are significantly associated with liver dysfunction. […] The results of this study form a basis for better clinical liver management of patients with COVID-19. |
| 33150599 | In the field of hepatology, social determinants of health (SDOH) are closely linked to disparities in liver disease prevalence, outcomes, and access to treatment. […] The economic disruption and physical distancing policies brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic have further exacerbated these disparities, and may have long-lasting health consequences for marginalized patients with chronic liver disease. […] At the community and societal levels, interventions include creating collaborative partnerships with public health workers to expand healthcare access to the community, increasing funding for research investigating the association of SDOH, health disparities, and liver disease, engaging in advocacy to support policy reform that tackles the upstream social determinants, and addressing racism and implicit bias. […] As hepatology practices adapt to the “new normal,” now is the time for us to address our patients’ social needs within the context of healthcare delivery and reimagine ways in which to provide care to best serve our most vulnerable patients with liver disease in the COVID-19 era and beyond. |
| 33150978 | Infected patients had various degrees of liver dysfunction, and the severity of liver dysfunction was significantly associated with the severity of the disease. […] Therapy focusing on digestive system like liver supportive therapy or nutrition support or probiotics has been demonstrated to be effective interventions, which greatly improve prognosis. |
| 33157267 | However, a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between liver biochemical parameters and COVID-19 mortality is quite limited. […] Liver biochemical parameters were strongly correlated with COVID-19 mortality. […] Measurement of these liver biochemical parameters might assist clinicians to evaluate the prognosis of COVID-19. |
| 33158469 | Survival following liver transplantation has changed dramatically owing to improvement in surgical techniques, peri-operative care and optimal immunosuppressive therapy. […] Post-Liver transplant (LT) de novo or recurrent viral infection continues to cause major allograft dysfunction, leading to poor graft and patient survival in untreated patients. […] Untreated chronic HEV infection of the graft may lead to liver fibrosis and allograft failure. […] CMV and EBV can reactivate leading to systemic illness following liver transplantation. |
| 33159646 | COVID-19 activation of transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB) in various cells such as macrophages of lung, liver, kidney, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system leads to production of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, LT-α, LT-β, GM-CSF, and various chemokines. |
| 33161256 | Increase in HNA level have been demonstrated in liver, diabetes plus fatigue and coronary artery diseases. […] In liver patients, this enhancement can reach to 50-200 percent which can then lead to bacterial/viral infections and eventually death in severe conditions. |
| 33162345 | To explore the application value of artificial liver support system in the clinical treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with cytokine storm. […] In addition, computed tomography (CT) was used to observe the absorption of pulmonary lesions before and after the artificial liver support treatment. […] The levels of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) were effectively reduced in the 6 patients after treatment with the artificial liver support system. […] CT imaging showed that the artificial liver support treatment contributed to absorption of pulmonary lesions. […] The artificial liver support system had a great clinical effect in the treatment of cytokine storm and inflammation in COVID-19 patients, and it could promote the absorption of infected lesions. |
| 33163955 | Liver function acutely worsened and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed hepatic haemosiderosis. […] Post-mortem examination revealed widespread haemosiderin deposition in the liver along with lung pathology in keeping with severe COVID-19 and widespread splenic infarctions. |
| 33164022 | Children of Chinese ethnicity (37.5% vs 6.7%), complete blood count (45.8% vs 6.7%) and liver enzyme abnormalities (25% vs 7.7%) were more common in symptomatic versus asymptomatic children. |
| 33164596 | Recently, low dose radiotherapy delivered to the whole lung has been proposed as treatment for the pneumonia due to COVID-19. […] Lifetime attributable risks (LAR) of RIC were calculated for the lung, liver, esophagus, and breast of female patients. […] The doses received by the organs involved in the treatment were obtained from a simulation of conformal radiotherapy (RT) treatment, delivering a dose of 0.5 Gy-1.5 Gy to the lungs. […] The liver and esophagus had LARs below 700/100,000 for both sexes, with a higher incidence of esophageal cancer in women and liver cancer in men. |
| 33165238 | Prospective reporting of all cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection was required within the HOPE in Action Multicenter Consortium, a cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients with HIV who have received organs from donors with and without HIV at 32 transplant centers in the United States. […] Between March 20, 2020 and September 25, 2020, there were 11 COVID-19 cases among 291 kidney and liver recipients with HIV (4%). […] Within a national prospective cohort of kidney and liver transplant recipients with HIV, we report high mortality from COVID-19. |
| 33167051 | However, 22 % of the centres stated that liver decompensation was diagnosed late and 9.4 % stated that diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was delayed. […] However, the fact that the diagnosis of liver decompensations with potential lethal consequences was delayed in a considerable number of patients causes major concern. |
| 33168538 | Despite recovering from his other organ failures, his liver function continued to deteriorate. […] Given the patient had no primary liver disease prior to admission, we considered secondary causes of cholestatic liver injury; this led us to an unusual diagnosis of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. |
| 33173390 | An international multidisciplinary panel reviewed the available literature to summarize data relating to standard-of-care surgical management and possible mitigating strategies to be used as a bridge to surgery for colorectal liver metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hilar cholangiocarcinoma. […] Resource requirements are summarized, including logistics and adverse effects profiles for hepatectomy and delaying strategies using systemic, percutaneous and radiation ablative, and liver embolic therapies. |
| 33174624 | We aimed to describe liver injury and identify the risk factors of liver injury in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients without chronic liver diseases (CLD). […] Sixty-seven (29.4%) of 228 patients without CLD showed abnormal liver function on admission, including increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (25 [11.0%]) U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 30 [13.2%]) U/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 28 [12.4%]) U/L, total bilirubin (Tbil) 16 [7.0%] μmol/L, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 10 [4.5%]) U/L. […] During hospitalization, 129 (56.3%) of 228 patients showed abnormal liver function, including elevated ALT (84 [36.8%]), AST (58 [25.4%]), GGT (67 [29.5%]), and Tbil (59 [25.9%]). […] Age over 50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.030-4.225; p = .041), male sex (OR, 2.737; 95% CI, 1.418-5.284; p = .003), and lopinavir-ritonavir (OR, 2.504; 95% CI, 1.187-5.283; p = .016) were associated with higher risk of liver function abnormality, while the atomized inhalation of interferon α-2b (OR, 0.256; 95% CI 0.126-0.520; p < .001) was associated with reduced risk of liver function abnormality during hospitalization. […] Mild to moderate liver injury was common in COVID-19 patients in Jiangsu, China. […] Age over 50 years, male sex, and lopinavir-ritonavir were the independent risk factors of liver impairment in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. |
| 33176991 | The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has potentially affected liver transplantation (LT) programs worldwide. […] A 22% decrease in the number of liver transplantations was also observed: 435 in 2020 vs. […] Overall, the North East area which was the main COVID-19 cluster area, had > 25% decrease of the multiorgan procurement (-33% compared to 2019), and liver transplantation (-26% compared to 2019) activities in 2020 CONCLUSION: This analysis confirmed that during the COVID-19 outbreak there was a significant decrease in the number of organ donations and liver transplantations performed in France. |
| 33180360 | Following TCZ treatment, 11 patients developed infections because of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and elevated liver transaminases were observed in 6 patients. |
| 33183020 | Herein, we present a case of prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a liver transplant patient with COVID-19. […] A 61-year-old male post liver transplant was confirmed COVID-19 infection on day 10 of illness onset. |
| 33184141 | We retrospectively analysed liver function tests and inflammatory markers of 170 admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the tertiary care centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), India, using Roche Cobas Autoanalyzer. […] Number of patients with normal liver enzyme levels were 63 (41.5%), while with raised levels of any of the liver enzymes were 89 (58.5%), out of which 43 (48.31%) had liver injury which manifested as increased severity in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) requirement (p=0.0005). […] Significantly raised levels of liver enzymes and liver injury were observed with age (p<0.0001) and in males (p=0.004). […] Significantly decreased levels of albumin and total proteins and increased levels of total bilirubin (p<0.0001) were seen in patients with abnormal liver enzyme levels and liver injury as compared to patients with normal levels. […] A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of these inflammatory markers and liver function parameters. […] More than half of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection had an abnormal liver function which was found to be associated with raised levels of inflammatory markers. […] Significantly higher proportions of patients with abnormal liver function were elderly and males and were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease. |
| 33184937 | Nine large university hospitals had 75% and 89% reductions in therapeutic endoscopies and hepatocellular carcinoma surgery, respectively, with cancelation of elective liver transplant and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. […] The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery has been massive. |
| 33185910 | Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung diseases, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. |
| 33186750 | The biometric profile of patients admitted with COVID-19-associated thrombosis compared with regular thrombosis showed significant changes in the complete blood count, liver function test results, D-dimer levels, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and coagulation panels. |
| 33187978 | Using organotypic 3D cultures of primary human liver cells, we demonstrate that interferon-α2 increases ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in parenchymal cells by greater than fivefold. |
| 33188700 | showing that patients with severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may suffer elevated liver biochemistries. |
| 33189888 | We found that TCZ rapidly decreased acute phase reactants, ferritin and liver release of proteins. |
| 33190321 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), with an estimated 22 million people infected worldwide so far although involving primarily the respiratory tract, has a remarkable tropism for the liver and the biliary tract. […] Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and no antecedent liver disease may display evidence of cytolytic liver damage, proportional to the severity of COVID-19 but rarely of clinical significance. […] The clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, a cohort whose global size is difficult to estimate, has been assessed appropriately only recently and data are still evolving. […] Patients with cirrhosis are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and worse liver-related outcomes as compared to those with non-cirrhotic liver disease. […] When a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 becomes available, patients with fibrotic liver disease and those with OLT should be considered as prime targets for prophylaxis of COVID-19, as all other highly susceptible subjects. |
| 33190346 | Although liver failure does not seem to occur in the absence of pre-existing liver disease, hepatic involvement in COVID-19 may correlate with overall disease severity and serve as a prognostic factor for the development of ARDS. […] The spectrum of liver injury in COVID-19 may range from direct infection by SARS-CoV-2, indirect involvement by systemic inflammation, hypoxic changes, iatrogenic causes such as drugs and ventilation to exacerbation of underlying liver disease. […] This concise review discusses the potential pathophysiological mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 hepatic tropism as well as acute and possibly long-term liver injury in COVID-19. |
| 33194122 | Patients with COVID-19 exhibit a wide spectrum of GI symptoms including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and abnormal liver function tests. […] Liver injury in patients with COVID-19 is usually mild, stemming from immune-mediated damage, drug induced hepatotoxicity, or ischemia from sepsis. […] Patients with pre-existing liver disease may be at a higher risk for hospitalization and mortality. |
| 33194489 | Conclusion Deranged liver enzymes serve as prognostic factors to assess the severity of COVID-19. […] Liver markers should, therefore, be observed and monitored continuously. |
| 33195339 | Our study confirmed that hepatocellular injury pattern that may be induced by hypoxia was not risk factor for mortality in SARS-COV-2 infection, while liver injury with mixed pattern and cholestatic pattern that might be induced by SARS-CoV-2 directly might be potential risk factors for increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. |
| 33196008 | Patients with various inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, liver, kidneys, and musculoskeletal system-connective tissues, often undergo different anti-inflammatory therapies to maintain remission and avoid serious and/or life-threatening complications. |
| 33198412 | Emerging evidence shows that COVID-19 affects far more organs than just the respiratory system, including the heart, kidneys, blood vessels, liver, as well as the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). |
| 33198681 | An important liver cytolysis was discovered with biological perturbations of transaminases levels. |
| 33199926 | In addition to these local aspects, these cytokines have systemic effects from their action on the liver, muscle, adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system. |
| 33200024 | The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically transformed the care of the liver transplant patient. […] The main objective of this report is to communicate our experience in the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 3 liver transplant patients. […] Secondly, we stress the management and investigation of the contagious spreading into a liver transplant ward. […] The patients were two women (aged 61 years and 62 years) and one man (aged 68 years), all of them having recently received a liver transplant. […] We illustrate in detail the evolution of a nosocomial COVID-19 outbreak in a liver transplant ward. […] We believe that these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease and will improve the treatment of the liver transplant patient with COVID-19. |
| 33200824 | In the overall population, 58% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 23.3% of patients died, 6.5% acute cardiac injury, 1.4% of patients developed acute ischemic stroke, 21.2% acute kidney injury, 11.8% acute liver damage, and 5.4% septic shock. |
| 33202150 | Based on the available evidence regarding glycyrrhizin preparations for treating SARS and MERS, we infer that compound glycyrrhizin could be an optional therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially those complicated with liver damage. |
| 33203362 | /L), increased total bilirubin levels (25% of P2 patients), increased C-reactive protein levels (100% of P2 patients) and abnormal liver function. |
| 33206631 | BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is frequently associated with liver cysts, but an association with giant cavernous liver hemangioma is not mentioned in the literature. […] An ultrasound examination and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a giant cavernous liver hemangioma. […] Surgery was intially taken into account (however, twice delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic) but later refused because it would have left the patient with dangerously few liver parenchyma. […] CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ADPKD associated with cavernous liver hemangioma. |
| 33206767 | SARS-CoV-2 shares nearly 80% of its’ genomic sequence with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, both viruses known to cause respiratory symptoms and liver impairment. […] The emergence of pediatric cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIM-TS) has raised concerns over the issue of hepatic damage and liver enzyme elevation in the critically ill pediatric population with COVID-19. […] A limited number of liver histopathological studies are available that show focal hepatic periportal necrosis. […] This liver damage was associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and pro-calcitonin. […] Proposed pathophysiological mechanisms include an uncontrolled exacerbated inflammatory response, drug-induced liver injury, direct viral infection and damage to cholangiocytes, hypoxic-ischemic lesions, and micro-thrombosis in the liver. […] Based on the physiopathological characteristics described, our group proposes a clinical protocol for the surveillance, evaluation, management, and follow-up of critically ill pediatric COVID-19 patients with liver damage. |
| 33207208 | When treated repeatedly with a TLR3 agonist to induce chronic inflammation, these animals overexpress key IFN-stimulated genes, induce cytokine production, exhibit liver pathology, and undergo rapid weight loss. |
| 33208691 | Transplant societies have initially recommended to postpone nonurgent renal transplantations, while trying to maintain life-saving transplant programs, such as heart, lung, and liver transplantations. |
| 33211319 | Liver function tests The summary sensitivity of an increase in alanine aminotransferase (9 studies) was 12% (95% CI 3% to 34%) at median specificity (92%; low-certainty evidence). |
| 33215460 | Compared with the non-severe group, the severe group showed statistical significance in the levels of total protein, albumin, ALT and AST in liver function, UA in renal function, myocardial enzyme CK-MB and LDH, and immunoglobulin IgG and IgM. |
| 33216772 | We compared the daily mean serum apolipoprotein-A1 during the first 34 weeks of 2020 in a population that is routinely followed for a risk of liver fibrosis risk in the USA (212,297 serum) and in France (20,652 serum) in relation to a local increase in confirmed cases, and in comparison to the same period in 2019 (266,976 and 28,452 serum, respectively). […] The area under the characteristics curve was 0.978 (0.957-0.988), and outperformed haptoglobin and liver function tests. |
| 33220697 | The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal (GI) and liver injury presentations in children admitted with COVID-19 infection. […] Clinical manifestations of the digestive and respiratory systems and liver function tests were evaluated for all cases. […] Besides, children with increased liver enzymes did not have more respiratory involvement than those without a rise in liver enzymes. |
| 33224894 | Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. |
| 33225036 | To date, it remains unclear if severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection exacerbates liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. […] However, inactive HBV carriers with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection are at a higher risk of abnormal liver function tests. […] The enhanced liver injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 and HBV co-infection was identified as the hepatocyte type rather than the cholangiocyte type. […] Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 and HBV co-infection exacerbates liver function of the patients with COVID-19. |
| 33225970 | Efficacy of the investigational product in reducing sequela of the disease Safety analysis (Liver Function Test and Kidney Function Test) including serious allergic reaction of: rash, itching/swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. |
| 33227752 | As preliminary results of this research, very influential features that emerged are the presence of cardiac and liver illnesses and the levels of some inflammatory parameters at the moment of diagnosis. |
| 33228210 | Microbiological analysis revealed absence of pathogenic bacteria whilst Real-time PCR identified the presence of RNA from Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) in several organs: lungs, small intestine (jejunum), mediastinal lymph nodes, liver and placenta. |
| 33230011 | Aim of the current guideline is to delineate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver. […] It may involve primary liver injury and indirect effects such as “bystander hepatitis,” myositis, toxic liver injury, hypoxia, and preexisting liver disease. […] Despite the dominance of respiratory disease, acute on chronic liver disease/acute hepatic decompensation have been reported in patients with COVID-19 and preexisting liver disease, in particular cirrhosis. […] Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has a higher risk of respiratory disease progression than those without MAFLD. […] Alcohol-associated liver disease may be severely affected by COVID-19-such patients frequently have comorbidities including metabolic syndrome and smoking-induced chronic lung disease. […] Liver transplantation should be restricted to patients with high MELD scores, acute liver failure and hepatocellular cancer within Milan criteria. […] Donors and recipients should be tested for SARS-CoV-2 and if found positive donors should be excluded and liver transplantation postponed until recovery from infection. |
| 33230491 | Liver injury is commonly seen in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] However, the mechanism behind liver injury, particularly in severe and critical COVID-19 patients, remains unclear and the clinical course is poorly described. […] We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of consecutive hospitalized severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients with or without liver injury who underwent immunologic testing (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1ß). […] Liver injury was defined as peak aminotransferases ≥3x ULN (40 U/L) or ≥120 U/L. […] Patients with liver injury were compared to those who had normal aminotransferases throughout the hospital course. […] The liver injury group had a longer length of stay and more severe COVID-19 despite having less diabetes and chronic kidney disease. […] An exaggerated hyper inflammatory response (cytokine storm) characterized by significantly elevated CRP, LDH, ferritin, and IL-6 levels and increasing severity of COVID-19 appears to be associated with the occurrence of liver injury in patients with severe/ critical COVID-19. |
| 33234158 |
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| 33234724 | The proportions of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and chronic liver disease were statistically significantly higher in mortal COVID-19 cases. |
| 33234758 | The impact and clinical spectrum of COVID-19 infection in liver transplant recipients/solid organ transplants are being unveiled during this recent pandemic. […] We present the clinical course of a 49-year-old male recipient who underwent living donor liver transplant for recurrent gastrointestinal bleed and contracted severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the third postoperative week. |
| 33235616 | COVID-19 caused early liver renal damage, with 52.9% of patients displaying elevated D-dimer levels, 98.7% of patients displaying elevated IL-6 levels and 80.8% of patients displaying a reduced level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). […] In the present single-center case study of 78 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, the patients displayed abnormal routine blood tests, liver function, renal function and levels of D-dimer, LDL-C and IL-6. |
| 33242368 | An alarming number of cases have arisen where COVID-19 patients develop complications on top of the symptoms already associated with SARS, such as thrombosis, injuries of vascular system, kidney, and liver, as well as Kawasaki disease. |
| 33243228 | Leukopenia, lymphopenia, ground-glass opacity, and fibrosis are common in discharged severe COVID-19 patients, and liver injury is common in discharged adult patients. |
| 33244196 | The RAS may be important in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and is associated with the up-regulation of ACE2. |
| 33244370 | This study aimed to determine whether patients with elevated CRP, TNFα, and IL-6 levels may be at increased risk for severe infection and liver damage of COVID-19. […] The evidence suggests that inflammatory markers related to liver damage increase in severe forms of COVID-19 compared to mild cases. […] The data suggests that enhanced inflammation may be associated with COVID-19-related liver damage, possibly involving inflammatory marker-related mechanisms. |
| 33244371 | The current study aimed to report a pooled analysis of the association of the circulating levels of liver enzymes and total bilirubin with severe and non-severe COVID-19. […] Epidemiological data representing greater risk of liver failure in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). statistics. […] The alterations of liver function indexes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection suggested a potential prognosis biomarker for screening of severe patients at early stages of the disease. |
| 33244373 | The present study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of liver-related laboratory parameters in COVID-19. […] To provide a well-conceptualized viewpoint representing the prognostic values of liver-related laboratory parameters in COVID-19, a meta-analysis was performed with the calculation of mean difference and 95% confidence intervals of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (Bili), and albumin (Alb) in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients. […] Abnormal values of liver-related examinations outwardly contribute to reflect the progression of the disease toward an unfavorable outcome. […] Therefore, careful scrutiny of these parameters will provide clinicians with invaluable information regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least in terms of liver injury. |
| 33244377 | Furthermore, liver and pancreatic enzymes may be elevated during the pediatric COVID-19 course. |
| 33244384 | Diarrhea is common after liver transplant. […] This study represents a young woman with a history of liver transplant who was referred to the hospital because of diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain attributed to coronavirus infection. |
| 33244385 | Previous studies have reported liver enzyme changes as well as diarrhea as a common GI manifestation of COVID-19. […] However, there are few reports about COVID-19 synchronous cutaneous and liver involvement. […] In this article, a confirmed case of COVID-19 with vasculopathy-related cutaneous manifestation and liver cholestasis is reported. […] A 67-year-old Iranian woman was admitted to Taleghani Hospital with epigastric pain, vomiting, anosmia, rising liver enzyme levels, fever, itching, and skin rashes. […] Skin and liver biopsies were performed during the patient’s admission; the results suggested vasculopathy-related cutaneous lesion and liver cholestasis. […] All atypical presentations, including cutaneous lesions and liver manifestations, should be considered as COVID-19 and evaluated. |
| 33244386 | COVID-19 is a new contagious viral pneumonia with various signs and symptoms, including loss of consciousness, liver injury, and cerebrovascular accident; however, there is little data on the manifestation and outcome of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients. […] Moreover, because transplant units in Iran were closed from the first day of the COVID-19 pandemic, accurate data about nosocomial COVID-19 and the liver transplant setting is not available. […] In this article, we introduce a liver transplant recipient with a final fatal outcome, who had had neurological manifestations, and whose COVID-19 manifestations began in the hospital within 2 days of transplant surgery. |
| 33244847 | Similarly, deceased donor kidney transplant volume dropped from 367 to 202 (-45%), and other organs saw similar decreases: lung (-70%), heart (-43%), and liver (-37%). |
| 33246166 | We identified 2,772 unique SOT recipients including 1,500 kidney, 505 liver, 141 heart and 97 lung. |
| 33246196 | Adjustment for age, sex, and chronic lung, renal and liver disease, body-mass index, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk factors, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score did not change this result. |
| 33247599 | Traveling in the past 3 months, asthma, taking corticosteroids, liver disease, rheumatological disease, cough with sputum, eczema, conjunctivitis, tobacco use, and chest pain did not show any relationship with COVID-19. |
| 33249821 | Neonatal abdominal ultrasound showed normal liver, acalculous gallbladder with mild parietal thickening. |
| 33252992 | : Deterioration of liver and kidney function are frequently observed ADEs with remdesivir; consequently, patients should be monitored for these ADEs. |
| 33253457 | Patient age, sex, body mass index, neighbourhood poverty levels, pre-existing type 2 diabetes, circulatory, kidney, and liver diseases, and cough, fever/chills, and pain symptoms 14 days prior to a first test were associated with repeated testing. |
| 33254553 | Moreover, DNA methylation of genes regulating islet beta-cell function, as well as in insulin resistance of peripheral tissues such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue may be involved, as already demonstrated for cancer conditions. |
| 33254555 | Metabolism and excretion of retinoic acids stored in the liver are prevented. |
| 33263693 | We performed a systematic review of GI symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as of the serum levels of biomarkers related to liver function and lesion in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. |
| 33267597 | We assessed the impact of baseline liver function (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], bilirubin) on COVID-19-related outcomes, including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and non-fatal severe complications. after a systematic review of the relevant studies the odds ratio (OR), mean difference, sensitivity, specificity, and both positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for the prediction of relevant COVID-19 outcomes by performing a meta-analysis using fixed and random effects models. […] The mean difference between mild and severe COVID-19 was 10.7 U/l (95 % CI, 5.8-15.6) for AST, 8 U/l (95 % CI, 1.0-15) for ALT, and 0.3 mg/dl (95 % CI, 0.16-0.45) for bilirubin. patients showing liver injury had a significantly higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 as compared to those with normal liver function tests at admission. |
| 33268377 | Moreover, COVID-19 has a systemic character, as in addition to the lungs it also affects heart, liver, and kidneys among other organs of the patients, and causes frequent thrombotic and neurological complications. […] The exclusive or predominant expression of major MASPs in specific human organs suggests a direct role of these proteinases in e.g. heart infection and myocardial injury, liver dysfunction, kidney damage, as well as neurological complications. |
| 33276282 | In patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HBV, liver injury was common. |
| 33277183 | Besides the lungs it can also affect other organs like the heart or the liver. |
| 33278850 | The CI by type of organ transplant was higher for heart (CI 1.57%, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.36) and lower for liver (CI 0.63%, IRR 0.54). […] The lowest 60-day adjusted-OR was observed in liver SOTRs (OR 0.46, 95% confidence interval [0.25-0.86]). |
| 33280002 | Here, we present one such case of a 9-month-old female child who tested positive for dengue as well as COVID-19 during the ongoing corona pandemic and went on to develop shock, encephalopathy with deranged liver enzymes but managed to overcome all odds and recover from the disease by day 14 of illness. |
| 33280502 | The patient had a medical history of coronary artery disease, chronic hepatitis C, polysubstance abuse (including cocaine and alcohol), liver disease, anxiety, and panic disorder. |
| 33282075 | Further, SAR-COV-2 infection causes dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, kidney, and liver disease. |
| 33282888 | To highlight, pre-existing liver diseases or acute liver injury associated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection plays an important role in the prediction of mortality. |
| 33283100 | LHQW showed the cold property and lung channel tropism which dominated heat-clearing and lung-freeing, while DHJS showed the warm property and liver channel tropism. |
| 33284041 | It suggests that ferritin could act as an easy-to-use tool to identify liver injury and severity illness and predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. |
| 33284825 | The case fatality risk [%(95% CI)] were 52% (46-60) for heart disease, 51% (43-59) for COPD, 48% (37-63) for chronic kidney disease (CKD), 39% for chronic liver disease (CLD), 28% (23-36%) for hypertension, and 24% (17-33%) for diabetes. |
| 33284859 | Introduction of culture supernatant from SARS-CoV-2 spike expressing cells on a model human liver endothelial Cell line (TMNK-1), where transmembrane IL-6R is poorly expressed, resulted in the induction of STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation as well as MCP-1 expression. |
| 33284956 | Studies in murine models demonstrated that manipulating the protective RAS can dramatically alter many diseases including liver disease. […] Liver-specific overexpression of ACE2 in mice with liver fibrosis has proved to be highly effective in antagonising liver injury and fibrosis progression. […] This review outlines the role of the RAS with a strong focus on ACE2-driven protective RAS in liver disease and provides therapeutic approaches to develop strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. |
| 33289727 | There were no differences in responses across the patient waitlist groups for heart, kidney, liver, and stem cell transplant. |
| 33294449 | Unlike adults, although the reduction of lymphocytes and platelets in children is not common, it is necessary to be alert to the increased risk of liver damage in children. |
| 33295562 | Five had elevated liver enzymes and three had kidney involvement. |
| 33296901 | Comorbidities were also associated with significantly increased risk of mortality; kidney disease (RR 4.90: 95% CI 3.04-7.88; p < 0.00001), cereborovascular disease (RR 4.78; 95% CI 3.39-6.76; p < 0.00001), cardiovascular disease (RR 3.05: 95% CI 2.20-4.25; p < 0.00001), respiratory disease (RR 2.74: 95% CI 2.04-3.67; p < 0.00001), diabetes (RR 1.97: 95% CI 1.48-2.64; p < 0.00001), hypertension (RR 1.95: 95% CI 1.58-2.40; p < 0.00001), and cancer (RR 1.89; 95% CI 1.25-2.84; p = 0.002) but not liver disease (RR 1.64: 95% CI 0.82-3.28; p= 0.16). |
| 33300356 | In terms of clinical manifestations, although it starts as an acute respiratory disorder, it could eventually lead to death by causing damage to many organs such as: lung, liver, kidney and heart. |
| 33301529 | At multivariable logistic analysis, male sex (OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.42-4.90; p = 0.001), Chronic Liver Disease (OR 5.88, 95%CI 2.39-14.46; p<0.001) and malignancies (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.21-5.68; p = 0.015) disclosed an independent association with a poor prognosis, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Respiratory Severity Scale allowed to identify at higher mortality risk. […] Originally, we observed a very poor outcome in subjects with a chronic liver disease, alongside with an increase of hepatic damage. |
| 33302889 | Age ([36-58] vs [51-70], P = 0.0001); sex (49% vs 77.6%, P = 0.0031); Body Mass Index (BMI) ([21.53-25.51] vs [23.28-27.01], P = 0.0339); hypertension (17.6% vs 57.1%, P < 0.0001); IL-6 ([6.42-30.46] vs [16.2-81.71], P = 0.0001); IL-10 ([2.16-5.82] vs [4.35-9.63], P < 0.0001); T lymphocyte count ([305-1178] vs [167.5-440], P = 0.0001); B lymphocyte count ([91-213] vs [54.5-163.5], P = 0.0001); white blood cell count ([3.9-7.6] vs [5.5-13.6], P = 0.0002); D2 dimer ([172-836] vs [408-953], P = 0.005), PCT ([0.03-0.07] vs [0.04-0.15], P = 0.0039); CRP ([3.8-27.9] vs [17.3-58.9], P < 0.0001); AST ([16, 29] vs [18, 42], P = 0.0484); artificial liver therapy (2% vs 16.3%, P = 0.0148); and glucocorticoid therapy (64.7% vs 98%, P < 0.0001) were associated with the severity of the disease. […] In addition, Oxygen support, early treatment with low doses of glucocorticoids and artificial liver therapy, when necessary, may help reduce mortality in critically ill patients. |
| 33302976 | The following are exclusion criteria: imminent expected death within 24 hours; specific contraindications to surfactant administration (e.g. known allergy, pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage); known or suspected pregnancy; stage 4 chronic kidney disease or requiring dialysis (i.e., eGFR < 30); liver failure (Child-Pugh Class C); anticipated transfer to another hospital, which is not a study site, within 72 hours; current or recent (within 1 month) participation in another study that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prevent enrollment for safety reasons; and declined consent or assent. […] The Drug Delivery Device is the AeroFact-COVID™ nebulizer, an investigational device based on the Aerogen® Solo vibrating mesh nebulizer. |
| 33307029 | Despite concerns that liver transplant (LT) recipients may be at increased risk of unfavorable outcomes from COVID-19 due the high prevalence of co-morbidities, immunosuppression and ageing, a detailed analysis of their effects in large studies is lacking. |
| 33307078 | Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is transmitted via respiratory droplets, there are multiple gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of the disease, including abnormal liver-associated enzymes. […] However, there are not many published articles on the pathological findings in the liver of patients with COVID-19. […] We collected the clinical data from 17 autopsy cases of patients with COVID-19 including age, sex, Body mass index (BMI), liver function test (alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin), D-dimer, and anticoagulation treatment. […] We counted the number of megakaryocytes in liver sections from these COVID-19-positive cases. […] Abnormal liver-associated enzymes were observed in 12 of 17 cases of COVID-19 infection. […] The characteristic findings in the liver of patients with COVID-19 include numerous amounts of platelet-fibrin microthrombi, as well as various degrees of steatosis and histiocytic hyperplasia in the portal tract. |
| 33311951 | In light of the current pandemic, it is even more important to identify how the liver recipient’s patients present and are managed, especially for immunosuppression treatment. |
| 33313018 | During this admission a third SARS-CoV-2 swab was negative, and investigations showed mildly elevated inflammatory markers, mildly deranged liver function, atypical lymphocytes on a blood film and a normal chest x-ray. |
| 33314141 | Our understanding of the clinical characteristics of liver damage and the relationship with disease severity in COVID-19 is still limited. […] To investigate the serum hepatic enzyme activities in different phenotypes of COVID-19 patients, evaluate their relationship with the illness severity and analyze the correlation of glycyrrhizin treatment and abnormal liver enzyme activities, one hundred and forty-seven patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in a retrospective study that investigated hepatic dysfunction. […] Liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), Y-glutamyl transferase (GGT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed in these patients. […] DG treatment may alleviate the abnormal liver enzyme activities in non-critical COVID-19 patients. […] Abnormal liver functions may be observed in patients with COVID-19, and were associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver damage. |
| 33315065 | Overall, the use of RDV in this small series of patients with SRI appeared to be relatively safe, and the potential benefit outweighed the theoretical risk of liver or renal toxicity; however, additional studies are needed to confirm this finding. |
| 33317764 | For antiviral agents, adverse drug events were the most common recommendation types (84.4%), with 20 (74.1%) cases related to liver function dysfunction. |
| 33319036 | COVID-19 patients had a high rate of digestive symptoms and liver injury. |
| 33322162 | Patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk of co-morbidities associated with liver dysfunction and injury. |
| 33325107 | COVID-19 patients from the West appear to suffer more severe liver, kidney, and heart damage due to SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33326621 | To investigate the effect of artificial liver blood purification treatment on the survival of severe/critical patients with COVID-19. […] One was named the treatment group, in which the patients received artificial liver therapy plus comprehensive treatment, while the other was named the control group, in which the patients received only comprehensive treatment. […] The serum IL-6 level decreased from 119.94 pg/mL to 20.49 pg/mL in the treatment group and increased from 40.42 pg/mL to 50.81 pg/mL in the control group (p<0.05), indicating that artificial liver therapy significantly decreased serum IL-6. […] The artificial liver therapy blocks the cytokine storm by clearing inflammatory mediators, thus preventing severe cases from progressing to critically ill stages and markedly reducing short-term mortality. |
| 33328624 | I-S1 was also taken up by the lung, spleen, kidney and liver. […] APOE genotype and sex did not affect whole-brain I-S1 uptake but had variable effects on uptake by the olfactory bulb, liver, spleen and kidney. […] Mechanistic studies indicated that I-S1 crosses the blood-brain barrier by adsorptive transcytosis and that murine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is involved in brain and lung uptake, but not in kidney, liver or spleen uptake. |
| 33329044 | A disturbance in liver function markers was observed in 15.7% of cases. |
| 33329589 | This was evident by a significant reduction in the bacteria load in the spleen, liver and brain of treated-mice compared to the control group, which enhanced their survival rate. |
| 33332437 | Furthermore, we found that the liver and kidney function of male patients was worse than that of female patients in both severe and non-severe groups with different age levels, while the severe females had faster ESR and lower inflammatory markers. |
| 33332624 | Liver involvement is common during COVID-19 and exhibits a spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic elevations of liver function tests to hepatic decompensation. […] The presence of abnormal liver tests has been associated with a more severe presentation of COVID-19 disease and overall mortality. […] Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the liver of COVID-19 patients, it remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 productively infects and replicates in liver cells and has a direct liver-pathogenic effect. […] The cause of liver injury in COVID-19 can be attributed to multiple factors including virus-induced systemic inflammation, hypoxia, hepatic congestion and drug induced liver disease. […] Among patients with cirrhosis, COVID-19 has been associated with hepatic decompensation and liver-related mortality. […] Additionally, COVID-19’s impact on healthcare resources can adversely affect delivery of care and outcomes of patients with chronic liver disease. […] Understanding the underlying mechanisms of liver injury during COVID-19 will be important in the management of COVID-19 patients, especially those with advanced liver disease. […] This review summarizes our current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interactions in the liver as well the clinical impact of liver disease in COVID-19. |
| 33332825 | COVID-19 causes severe respiratory and multiorgan failure, including liver damage and elevated transaminase levels. […] This article addresses the potential causes of liver function abnormalities in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and management approaches for NPs focusing on preventing and alleviating liver injury. |
| 33335696 | All relevant published articles related to COVID-19 in transplant recipients were included. 46 articles were included; they studied a total of 320 transplant patients-220 kidney transplant recipients, 42 liver, 19 heart, 22 lung, 8 HSCT, and 9 dual organ transplant recipients. |
| 33335701 | Herein, we report on 3 pediatric liver transplant recipients who were transplanted at our center between February 11 and March 10, 2020-during the COVID-19 pandemic era. |
| 33336781 | The pathological changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the different organs, the correlations between the single cell types targeted by the virus in the different human organs and the clinical consequences, COVID-19 chronic pathologies in liver fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis and atrial arrhythmias, glomerulosclerosis and pulmonary fibrosis, due to the systemic fibroblast activation induced by angiotensin II are discussed. |
| 33336824 | ACE2 and dilatory MAS1 clustered with nine RAS-related genes, highly expressed in: Liver; Cardiac_Myocytes; Skeletal_Muscle; Uterus; Kidney; Lung; Small_Intestine; Smooth_Muscle. |
| 33339330 | The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an independent association exists between liver enzyme elevations (LEE) and the risk of mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in patients with COVID-19. |
| 33339813 | BACKGROUND Emerging studies noted that liver injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may be induced by virus-mediated inflammation, which was confirmed by liver pathology. […] The aim of this study was to observe clinical characteristics and explore risk factors in COVID-19 patients with liver injury. […] The risk factors for liver injury were C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CD8+T cell count, and severity of disease, and CRP (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.045-1.222, p=0.002) was the independent risk factor. […] CONCLUSIONS Liver injury in COVID-19 patients was mild and associated with inflammatory markers, especially CRP, which suggests that liver injury may be induced by virus-mediated inflammation in COVID-19 patients. |
| 33341565 | These patients also had deranged clinical parameters including deranged coagulation profiles, liver function tests, and full blood counts. |
| 33342426 | Patients were excluded for liver-function abnormalities in eight trials, renal disease in six, cardiac disease or risk of torsade de pointes in five, and four for cognitive or mental criteria, which are frequent comorbidities in the oldest patients. |
| 33344304 | Also, thrombotic microangiopathy was evident in the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys and liver. […] This is the first report that illustrates thrombotic microangiopathy occurring in lung, heart, liver, kidney and brain in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Coronavirus 229E with Rhinovirus co-infection. |
| 33344581 | In the two cohorts of HCV patients, COVID-19 diagnosis was made in 0.07% of those with liver disease and 1% of those with cirrhosis. |
| 33344791 | Presence of at least one comorbidity or hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease, malignancy, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver diseases individually increased the severity of COVID-19 cases significantly (OR = 3.13, p < 0.00001; OR = 2.35, p < 0.00001; OR = 2.42, p < 0.00001; OR = 3.78, p < 0.00001; OR = 3.33, p < 0.00001; OR = 2.58, p < 0.00001; OR = 2.32, p < 0.00001; OR = 2.27, p = 0.0007; OR = 1.70, p = 0.003, respectively). |
| 33344794 | Direct link of thyroid hormone with several disorders such as diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, kidney and liver disorders etc. suggests that the prevailing thyroid conditions may affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 33346454 | In addition, in some patients there are laboratory signs of liver injury (increased serum transaminases). |
| 33347952 | The evolution and clinical significance of abnormal liver chemistries and the impact of hepatitis B infection on outcome in patients with COVID-19 is not well characterized. […] Longitudinal liver function tests were conducted and determined their associated factors and death risk by multivariate regression analyses. […] The characteristics of liver abnormalities and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with and without hepatitis B were compared after 1:3 propensity score matching. […] Of the 2073 patients, 1282 (61.8%) had abnormal liver chemistries during hospitalization, and 297 (14.3%) had a liver injury. […] Therefore, monitoring liver chemistries, especially AST and D-Bil levels, in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, is necessary. |
| 33349263 | Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). |
| 33349845 | The variables included in the models to predict severity included age, gender and chronic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, liver disease, chronic kidney disease and haematological cancer. |
| 33350580 | However, the unrestricted use of APAP develops liver disorders. […] Hepatotoxicity and liver injury can also be induced by ionizing radiation (IR) during radiotherapy. […] An enhancement of the lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde; MDA), and nitric oxide levels along with a decline of reduced glutathione contents and suppression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities are also observed within the liver tissues of intoxicated animals. […] TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), miR-802 gene expression, NF-κB, and calcium levels are up-regulated, while Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2), Hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and gene expressions, as well as, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), NAD(P)H-Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and miR-122 gene expressions are down-regulated in the livers of intoxicated animals. |
| 33350691 | The drug is administered via slow IV infusion.Elevated liver enzymes are common with treatment. |
| 33351265 | Complete blood count and serum biochemistry panels including markers indicative of liver functions were performed. |
| 33352576 | Four important complications (cardiac injury, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and liver injury) did not significantly affect the associations between CKD/AKI and disease severity/mortality, indicating that CKD/AKI may be independent clinical prognostic indicators for patients with COVID-19. |
| 33353460 | Autopsies represent medical procedures through which the causes of patients’ deaths are determined or, through tissue sampling and microscopic examination of slides in usual stains or special tests, one can offer the basis for understanding the physiopathological mechanisms that contribute to the patients’ death Histological findings of tissue samples from patients who have died of COVID-19 have been mainly orientated to lung, heart, liver, kidney damage with a small percent of them following other organs, but none has, to our knowledge, studied skeletal muscle. |
| 33354635 | Liver function tests (LFT), Inflammatory markers such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, oxygen requirement before and after remdesivir treatment were compared. |
| 33356151 | Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the most frequently reported single cause of safety-related withdrawal of marketed drugs. |
| 33356606 | The elevation of inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, but not ACEI/ARB and antiviral drugs, is closely associated with liver dysfunction in patients with hypertension and COVID-19. |
| 33357239 | Serious heart, liver, kidney and hematopoietic system diseases, abnormal liver or kidney function. |
| 33358260 | To observe the clinical effect of plasmapheresis on excessive inflammatory reaction and immune features in patients with severe COVID-19 at risk of ARDS. , total number of T cells, liver enzymes, acute reaction proteins, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were evaluated. , acute phase reactants, inflammatory mediators, liver enzymes and bilirubin were significantly reduced within a week (p < 0.05). |
| 33358975 | Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology has succeeded in delivering siRNA to the human liver in genetic diseases and has also been applied to mRNA vaccinations for COVID-19 using a similar LNP technology. […] Finally, new cancer therapy by targeting mitochondria involving the use of a MITO-Porter, a membrane fusion-type mitochondrial delivery system, has been introduced. […] The importance of delivering a photo sensitizer to mitochondria was clearly demonstrated in photodynamic cancer therapy. |
| 33359234 | The independent effect of liver biochemistries as a prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19 has not been completely addressed. […] We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of abnormal liver tests on admission of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. […] We registered clinical and laboratory parameters, including liver function tests, on admission and during hospitalization. […] Overall, 57.8% of the patients were male with a mean age of 52.3 years, 8.5% had chronic liver disease and 3.4% had cirrhosis. […] Abnormal liver tests on admission were present on 45.2% (CI 42.7-47.7) of the cohort (n = 726). […] Patients with abnormal liver tests on admission presented higher mortality 18.7% (CI 15.9-21.7), compared to those with normal liver biochemistries 12.2% (CI 10.1-14.6); P < .0001). […] After excluding patients with history of chronic liver disease, abnormal liver tests on admission were independently associated with death [OR 1.5 (CI 1.1-2.0); P = 0.01], and severe COVID-19 (2.6 [2.0-3.3], P < .0001), both adjusted by age, gender, diabetes, pneumonia and body mass index >30. […] The presence of abnormal liver tests on admission is independently associated with mortality and severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection and may be used as surrogate marker of inflammation. |
| 33360321 | Only two out of six studies reported a significant benefit using colchicine in the management of viral liver disease. |
| 33362383 | Little is known about the management of COVID-19 in advanced liver disease. […] The aim of work was to propose a plan for management of this drastic disease in case of this specific population with review of medications that could be suitable for advanced liver disease. […] All the guidelines and medications available for treatment of COVID-19 were reviewed with selection of the less toxic medications that could be used in advanced liver disease. […] Drugs suitable to manage COVID-19 in patients with liver disease might include remdesivir intravenously, nitazoxanide + sofosbuvir, ivermectin, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, and low molecular weight heparin in certain situations. […] Advanced liver disease is associated with portal hypertension and splenomegaly with reduction of blood elements and immune dysfunction and impaired T cell function. |
| 33363258 | Increasing evidence has also linked metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with severe COVID-19 illness. |
| 33363264 | FIB-4 is associated with mortality in COVID-19, independent of underlying conditions including liver diseases. |
| 33364494 | In crab-eating macaque, liver, lung, thyroid and colon showed high expression level of ACE2. |
| 33368058 | Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact with each other and form a π-π intermolecular complex that enhances the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in the liver. |
| 33369962 | Among these, liver injury is of major interest. […] To define prevalence, pattern, predictors, and impact of liver injury among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. […] Association of liver tests (LTs) with mortality and need for mechanical ventilation, adjusted for demographic, clinical and biochemical predictors, was examined. […] All liver test (LT) elevations were consistently predicted by inflammatory markers. |
| 33371832 | Furthermore, NAC decreases TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 serum levels in patients with sepsis, severe burns, acute liver failure, or peritoneal dialysis and may also reduce cytokine storm in COVID-19. |
| 33378061 | Liver involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported in several papers, but without homogeneous findings. […] We aimed to systematically review the prevalence of liver involvement in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at their hospital admission, and its correlation with disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with or without pre-existing chronic liver disease. […] We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, PMC, clinical trial registries, and other Coronavirus family publications for studies reporting data on SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 and liver function tests (LFTs) alterations, as well as clinical course of patients with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. […] We also revised literature to describe the background of liver involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection. 36 studies, including 20724 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, were included. […] The few available data also reported that COVID-19 was associated with increased risk of liver decompensation and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. […] In cirrhotic patients, COVID-19 was associated with high risk of liver decompensation or mortality. |
| 33378278 | Diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and immune deficiency were associated with increased severity of the disease, while obesity, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and liver disease were not. |
| 33378966 | Research has found that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is strongly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. […] In this review, we summarize the digestive symptoms reported in existing research, discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and determine the possible mechanisms and aetiology, such as cytokine storm. |
| 33380357 | These iron indices were also related to the risk of ARDS, coagulopathy, acute cardiac injury, acute liver injury, and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and high cytokine concentrations. |
| 33382966 | Liver injury has been reported as a common complication in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Recently, more and more studies reported that the degree of liver damages was associated with the severity of COVID-19. […] Although the exact mechanism of liver injury in COVID-19 patients is unknown, recent studies have made some explorations and investigations. […] In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients gleaned from recently published research reports, which suggested that the progression of pre-existing liver diseases, direct damage of liver by SARS-CoV-2, systemic inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-viral drug toxicity, and hypoxia-reperfusion may be associated with liver injury in patients with COVID-19. […] Hypoxic liver injury due to ischemia and shock, cholestasis-related liver injury due to altered bile metabolism, and hepatocellular injury due to drug toxicity or overwhelming inflammation might occur in severe COVID-19 patients with sepsis. […] To understand the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients, further research is needed to focus on liver-related comorbidities, the evidence of viral replication in hepatocytes and bile duct cells, histological features of liver injury, and the influence of hepatotoxic antiviral drugs. […] We also suggested that special attention should be paid to monitoring inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia for the prevention and treatment of liver injury in severe COVID-19 patients. […] A deep understanding of the mechanism of liver injury is helpful for the management and treatment of COVID-19 patients. |
| 33387345 | At the time of AKI diagnosis, patients had a worse liver profile and higher inflammation markers than at admission. |
| 33389499 | This newly discovered virus can result in excessive inflammation and immune pathological damage, as shown by a decreased number of peripheral lymphocytes, increased levels of cytokines, and damages of lung, heart, liver, kidney, and other organs. |
| 33390786 | : Abnormal liver function might indicate worse recovery of COVID-19 patients. […] Changes in liver function should be emphasized during long-term follow-up of COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge; the necessity of employing appropriate interventions for liver function repair should be emphasized. |
| 33391931 | The gastrointestinal tract has become increasingly recognized as a site of SARS-CoV-2 infection with reports of diarrhea, nausea, and liver failure, with or without concomitant respiratory involvement. |
| 33393329 | patients with advanced chronic liver disease (CLD) may be at an increased risk of a severe course due to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. […] The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CLD in COVID-19 patients and to analyze the course of the infection, compared with patients with non-liver disease. this was a retrospective single center study of all patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test from March 23rd to April 30th, 2020. […] Clinical and biochemical data of patients with and without CLD and COVID-19 were collected from the medical records. four hundred and forty-seven patients with a SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR were included, 6.3 % had CLD; 69.7 % of patients with CLD were male, with a median age of 65.5 years and active alcohol consumption and smoking; 75 % had non-advanced liver fibrosis and most had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). |
| 33394628 | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought challenges to clinicians caring for patients with chronic liver disease. […] Mounting evidence suggests that chronic liver diseases can have an adverse effect on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. […] We present a comprehensive review of the latest literature on preexisting liver diseases and its interrelationship with COVID-19 infection in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and viral hepatitis B. […] As social distancing and telemedicine gain new footing, we synthesize recommendations from 3 major hepatology societies [American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD), the European Association for the Study of Liver (EASL), and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver (APASL)] to present the best approaches for caring for patients with liver diseases as well as those requiring liver transplantation. |
| 33395398 | A total of 1718 prescriptions, including 2022 drugs for 1212 patients, were delivered to 24 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government of China between February 12, 2020, and August 11, 2020. […] The top 3 primary diagnoses for which remote medical prescriptions were made included breast cancer (599/1212, 49.42%), liver cancer (249/1212, 20.54%), and thyroid cancer (125/1212, 10.31%). […] Of the 1718 prescriptions delivered, 1435 (83.5%) were sent to Guangdong Province and 283 (16.5%) were sent to other provinces in China. […] Of the 2022 drugs delivered, 1012 (50.05%) were hormonal drugs. |
| 33395641 | IL-6 promotes T cell activation and production in acute inflammatory conditions, initiates B cell differentiation, regulates liver production of acute phase reactants, and stimulates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system, which is important in acute inflammation. |
| 33397247 | Because chronic liver diseases (CLD) are prevalent all over the world, it is expected to manage patients with CLD and COVID-19. |
| 33397429 | Underlying diseases, including AIDS, asthma, loiasis, and severe liver and kidney disease. |
| 33397449 | All patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring hospitalization for at least 3 calendar days for severe COVID-19 will be screened for study eligibility. - Signed informed consent - Age 18-85 years - Evidence of pulmonary involvement on CT scan or X-ray of the chest - Duration of symptoms associated with COVID-19 ≤ 10 days - At least one of the following risk factors for progression to mechanical ventilation on the day of enrolment: 1) Arterial hypertension 2) ≥ 50 years 3) Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) 4) History of cardiovascular disease 5) Chronic pulmonary disease 6) Chronic renal disease 7) C-reactive protein > 35mg/L 8) Oxygen saturation at rest of ≤ 94% when breathing ambient air Exclusion criteria: - Incapacity or inability to provide informed consent - Contraindications to the class of drugs under investigation (C1 esterase inhibitor) - Treatment with tocilizumab or another IL-6R or IL-6 inhibitor before enrolment - History or suspicion of allergy to rabbits - Pregnancy or breast feeding - Active or anticipated treatment with any other complement inhibitor - Liver cirrhosis (any Child-Pugh score) - Admission to an ICU on the day or anticipated within the next 24 hours of enrolment - Invasive or non-invasive ventilation - Participation in another study with any investigational drug within the 30 days prior to enrolment - Enrolment of the study investigators, their family members, employees and other closely related or dependent persons INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Patients randomized to the experimental arm will receive conestat alfa in addition to standard of care (SOC). |
| 33397585 | In fact, patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 can present infection and tissue damage in different organs, such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, gut and brain, affecting their function. |
| 33398223 | Patients with metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver (MAFLD) had shown 4-6 fold increase in severity of COVID-19 and its severity and mortality increased in patients with higher fibrosis score. […] Patients with chronic liver disease had shown that cirrhosis is an independent predictor of severity of COVID-19 with increased hospitalization and mortality. […] Increase in Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP) score and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score increases the mortality in these patients. […] Few case reports had shown SARS-CoV-2 as an acute event in the decompensation of underlying chronic liver disease. […] Immunosuppression should be reduced prophylactically in patients with autoimmune liver disease and post-transplantation with no COVID-19. […] For hepatologist cirrhosis with COVID-19 is a pertinent issue as the present pandemic will have severe disease in patients with chronic liver disease leading to more hospitalisation and decompensation. |
| 33399743 | It produces a clear T-cell response and a cytokines storm in the intestine and liver that would produce inflammatory bowel damage. […] In the liver, hypertransaminasemia occurs in severe patients ranging from 40 to 60%. |
| 33400164 | Predictors of death among people from the general population were being male and/or older than 60 years, having been hospitalized in the month before admission for COVID-19, being admitted to a hospital for COVID-19, having cardiovascular disease, dementia, respiratory disease, liver disease, diabetes with organ damage, or cancer while being on anticoagulants was protective. |
| 33402301 | This report describes a case of cholestatic liver injury induced by favipiravir. […] After the initiation of antibiotics, transaminase and total bilirubin were elevated, suggesting a transient cholestasic liver dysfunction. […] The liver dysfunction in this case may have been triggered by antibacterial treatment, and high dose of favipiravir may have promoted the deterioration of liver function. […] Monitoring of liver function is vital and close attention should be paid when using favipiravir at high doses or in patients with impaired liver function. |
| 33402303 | In addition, we assessed whether there were any associations between an increase in oxygen requirement and known risk factors for critical illness in COVID-19, including elevation of liver enzymes and C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytopenia, high D-dimer levels and the chest computed tomography (CT) score. […] Comorbid cardiovascular disease, lymphocytopenia, elevated CRP, liver enzyme and D-dimer levels, and higher chest CT score were significantly associated with an increase in oxygen requirement CONCLUSIONS: The expanded CURB-65 score can be a better predictor of an increase in oxygen requirement in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. |
| 33405427 | Liver dysfunction manifesting as elevated aminotransferase levels has been a common feature of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. […] The mechanism of liver injury in COVID-19 infection is unclear. […] However, it has been hypothesized to be a result of direct cytopathic effects of the virus, immune dysfunction and cytokine storm-related multiorgan damage, hypoxia-reperfusion injury and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury due to medications used in the management of COVID-19. […] The favored hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology of liver injury in the setting of COVID-19 is cytokine storm, an aberrant and unabated inflammatory response leading to hyperproduction of cytokines. […] In the current review, we have summarized the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of cytokine-induced liver injury based on the reported literature. |
| 33407578 | Histopathological analysis showed heterogeneous pattern of pathological changes in the lung tissue with numerous vascular thrombi, inflammatory cardiomyopathy and other histopathological modifications in kidneys, spleen and liver. |
| 33407828 | History of hypokalaemia, severe hypertension, severe liver dysfunction, and interstitial pneumonia 5. |
| 33412272 | Subsequent liver biopsy revealed virus particles in hepatocytes by electron microscopy and SARS-CoV-2 virus could be isolated and cultured. |
| 33420914 | F] FDG PET/CT quantitative analysis has shown that significant inflammation remained in lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, and liver after two consecutive negative RT-PCR tests in patients convalescing post severe COVID-19 infection. |
| 33421977 | Additionally, survival prognosis analysis has demonstrated that upregulation of ACE2 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with higher overall survival (hazard ratio=0.65, p=0.016) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio=0.66, p=0.007), while overexpression of TMPRSS2 was associated with a 26% reduced risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.047) but 50% increased risk of death in breast invasive carcinoma (p=0.015). |
| 33424804 | In contrast, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression was higher in the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys, but not in the spleen, of all COVID-19 patients (compared to levels in controls). |
| 33424838 | The artificial-liver blood-purification system (ALS) is expected to improve the outcome of the cytokine storm. |
| 33425269 | COVID-19 targets the liver and there is no available data about liver injury due to mild to moderate form of COVID-19. […] In this study, we evaluated the risk factors associated with liver injury in NON-ICU admitted COVID-19 patients. in this retrospective study, 102 eligible adult participants admitted in the ward were included. […] The patients with previous history of liver disease were excluded. […] The patients with AST or ALT or bilirubin more than normal ranges were allocated in liver injury group and patients with normal ranges of them were categorized in non-liver injury. […] The most frequent co-morbidity was hypertension (25%). 65 patients had liver injury (63.72%). […] CRP were significantly higher in liver injury group (P=0.01). […] Univariate analysis reported ALKP, and CRP was associated significantly with liver injury (P=0.04, OR= 1.003, Cl 95%= 1.000-1.007; P=0.03, OR= 1.009, Cl 95%= 1.000- 1.017, respectively). […] No independent factor was detected to predict liver injury chance due to COVID-19. […] It appears that the role of inflammatory pathways in liver damage was due to COVID-19. |
| 33429973 | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of liver cancer. |
| 33430924 | Without a significant deterioration in liver function tests: a. […] Participant on invasive mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or high-flow Oxygen (delivery of oxygen at a flow of ≥16 L/min.). […] Requiring high-flow oxygen defined as delivery of oxygen at a flow of ≥16 L/min. |
| 33432296 | We accurately divided all patients into two groups based on diabetes affection and followed-up patients with DM based on incurring death, severe COVID-19, and in-hospital complications. value: 0.044) and acute liver injury (P value: 0.002). |
| 33437898 | : Liver injury appears to correlate with the inflammatory syndrome caused by COVID-19, with the degree of liver injury corresponding with severity of inflammation. […] We suggest early and continued monitoring of liver enzymes as they can be useful to identify patients who may need early escalation of care. |
| 33437952 | Cancer survivors had more diabetes, asthma, other respiratory, cardiac, neurological, renal, and liver diseases, and less obesity, compared with controls, but there was variation by cancer site. |
| 33438491 | Point-of-Care (POC) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is transforming the management of patients with cirrhosis presenting with septic shock, acute kidney injury, hepatorenal syndrome and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by correctly assessing the hemodynamic and volume status at the bedside using combined echocardiography and POC ultrasound (POCUS). […] The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a delay in seeking medical treatment, reduced invasive interventions and deferment in referrals leading to “collateral damage” in critically ill patients with liver disease. […] Evidenced based use of Tele-ICU can prevent delay in cardiac diagnosis, optimize safe use of expert resources and ensure timely care in the setting of critically ill cirrhosis, ACLF and liver transplantation in the COVID-19 era. |
| 33440724 | Enteric symptomology seen in early-stage severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-2003 and COVID-19 is evidence of virus replication occurring in the intestine, liver and pancreas. |
| 33440950 | During treatment, the patient’s own state was paid attention to, and blood glucose, liver function, kidney function, white blood cells, lymphocytes and other indicators were checked and chest CT was reviewed regularly, which could reflect changes in disease. […] After treatment, the patient’s blood glucose was under control, and his liver function, renal function, white blood cells, lymphocytes and other indicators were normal and chest CT also improved. |
| 33440980 | In addition, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. […] However, the effect of antiviral treatment on liver injury in critically ill patients is not yet clear. […] We retrospectively evaluated the effect of antiviral treatment and antiviral drug arbidol on liver injury in COVID-19 critically ill patients. […] Both the PSM (OR=2.77; 95% CI: 1.03, 7.48; P=0.045) and the IPTW-adjusted (OR=2.33; 95% CI: 1.02, 5.34; P=0.047) results showed that COVID-19 critically ill patients receiving antiviral treatment had a significantly higher risk of liver injury. […] However, arbidol treatment did not have a significant effect on liver injury (IPTW: OR=2.11; 95% CI: 0.79, 5.67; P=0.14). […] Our results show that although arbidol treatment does not seem to be significantly associated with liver injury complications, the overall use of antiviral drugs increases the risk of liver injury for critically ill patients with COVID-19. |
| 33442447 | Although primarily, the infection causes lung injury, liver enzyme abnormalities have also been reported to occur during the course of the disease. […] The present review summarizes available information on the spectrum of liver involvement, the possible mechanisms and risk factors of liver injury due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the prognostic significance of the presence of liver injury. […] Hopefully, this review will enable clinicians, especially the hepatologists, to understand and manage the liver derangements they may encounter in these patients better and provide guidance for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. |
| 33443836 | Ulipristal for uterine fibroids : market withdrawal due to risk of severe liver injury. |
| 33444411 | Seven variables were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality: age (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.07-1.09), male sex (HR 1.62, 95%CI 1.30-2.00), duration of symptoms before hospital admission <10 days (HR 1.72, 95%CI 1.39-2.12), diabetes (HR 1.21, 95%CI 1.02-1.45), coronary heart disease (HR 1.40 95% CI 1.09-1.80), chronic liver disease (HR 1.78, 95%CI 1.16-2.72), and lactate dehydrogenase levels at admission (HR 1.0003, 95%CI 1.0002-1.0005). |
| 33446414 | However, many uncertainties are still present concerning the direct role of the SARS-CoV-2 on the different lesions observed in different organs, outside the lung, such as the heart, the brain, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract, the kidney and the skin. |
| 33447431 | Except for chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease, the underlying comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, and HIV can make the disease worse. […] Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients were more likely to have complications and comorbidities including hypertension, cardiovascular disease etc., which were the risk factors for the disease to be severer, but the chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease were not associated the severity of COVID-19 in China. |
| 33447531 | Gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 and elevated liver chemistries are seen in up to 50% of infected patients. […] Recent reports have suggested a high mortality rate for COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver disease, having an associated mortality of 39.8%. […] Alcoholic liver disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in New Mexico (USA), and we report here the clinical course and characteristics of three cases of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who were admitted to our hospital with COVID-19. |
| 33447532 | Liver transplant and immunosuppressant medication predisposes to more severe disease and is often associated with poor outcome. […] Here, we describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes in six liver transplant recipients. |
| 33450625 | Here we have provided in silico evidence that Alpha 1 antitrypsin can interact with TMPRSS2 and both of them are co-expressed in the human liver and lung. |
| 33451759 | In liver transplant (LT) recipients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fatal outcome has been reported in a substantial subset of patients. |
| 33455138 | In addition to etiology and imaging examination, doctors can also improve the routine laboratory tests such as blood routine test, liver and kidney function to assist diagnosis and disease prediction of patients with respiratory tract infection. |
| 33455570 | Liver transplant is a lifesaving treatment option for end-stage liver disease in those with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. […] Organ shortage is currently the main limitation to liver transplant in many countries worldwide, with fewer donors than patients waiting for transplant. […] Liver transplant was uneventful, and the recipient had no vascular complications, as shown by Doppler ultrasonography performed on days 1, 3, and 7. |
| 33456056 | More than 150 clinical patient-level data fields have been collected and binarized for further statistics according to the organs/systems primarily affected by COVID-19: heart, liver, pancreas, kidney, chemosensors, innate or adaptive immunity, and clotting system. […] Hierarchical clustering analysis identified five main clinical categories: (1) severe multisystemic failure with either thromboembolic or pancreatic variant; (2) cytokine storm type, either severe with liver involvement or moderate; (3) moderate heart type, either with or without liver damage; (4) moderate multisystemic involvement, either with or without liver damage; (5) mild, either with or without hyposmia. |
| 33457307 | Assessment of liver transplantation is recommended for children with HB whose tumors cannot be resected after NACT. |
| 33460202 | Amidst the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the American Society for Transplant Surgeons has recommended that only urgent liver transplant with deceased donors should occur. […] We present a case of non-directed left lateral lobe living liver donor transplant for a 7-month-old child with biliary atresia experiencing repeated life-threatening episodes of sepsis and cholangitis from infected bile lakes. […] Amidst the COVID pandemic, non-directed liver transplantation can be safely achieved for pediatric recipients. |
| 33463727 | Hypotension and abnormal liver function tests were realized as its side effects. |
| 33464757 | Liver chemistry abnormalities are a frequent manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but are usually transient and resolve with disease resolution. |
| 33465472 | Commonly, sepsis may progress to septic shock and have a high risk of complications, including acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), liver dysfunction, cerebral dysfunction, and skeletal muscle atrophy, predominantly contributing to high mortality. |
| 33468263 | Third, VA deficiency may develop during COVID-19 due to specific effects on lung and liver stores caused by inflammation and impaired kidney function, suggesting that supplements may be needed to restore adequate status. |
| 33470392 | The patient’s serum alanine aminotransferase increased abnormally in the late stage of hospitalization, suggesting potential liver damage after complex medication strategies. |
| 33470582 | This systematic review aims at evaluating the features of liver involvement and damage in course of COVID-19. […] Establishing whether liver damage is due to a direct viral action or host immune system inflammatory reaction or consequence of the administered drugs or secondary to another organ failure (for example the heart) is difficult. […] What is sure is the fact that liver function should be checked at the time of admission to hospital and during hospitalization. […] If hepatic markers are altered, a specific therapy to protect liver is needed. |
| 33472591 | Most patients had organ dysfunction, including 13 (92.9%) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 4 (28.6%) with cardiac injury, 3 (21.4%) with acute kidney injury, and 3 (21.4%) with liver dysfunction. |
| 33472729 | Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. […] Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. |
| 33476998 | After adjustment for sex, age, indexes of liver and renal function, C-reactive protein, and current smoking status, PNI scores remained independently and inversely associated with the severity of COVID-19 (odd ratio: 0.797; P = .030). |
| 33478744 | Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been mostly suspended and deceased-donor living transplantation activity has been considerably reduced because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Our experience includes 2 simultaneous liver-kidney transplants, 1 ABO-incompatible LDLT, and 1 pediatric case (age 11 months). […] All patients recovered from COVID-19 and liver enzymes were unaffected. |
| 33479538 | Obesity and impaired metabolic health are established risk factors for the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, otherwise known as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). |
| 33480020 | Ageneral review of the medical literature was conducted via Medline® database, through various combinations of the following keywords :SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gastrointestinal tract, digestive system, inflammatory bowel diseases, liver, liver injury, chronic liver disease, neoplasms. […] Frequent liver involvement is associated with a more severe form of the disease. […] Patients with digestive cancer and chronic liver disease are at risk for a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 33481202 | Compared to early death cases (death within 1 week after admission), a more prolonged course of the disease was associated with a higher risk of hypoproteinemia, liver injury, thrombocytopenia, anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), coagulation disorders, acute kidney injury (AKI), and infection. |
| 33481736 | The objective of this work was to analyze the consequences of the pandemic on liver transplantation in general and for hepatocarcinoma (HCC). […] The following studies were carried out: a) a retrospective analysis using data from the CRESI / INCUCAI to compare admission to the waiting list, mortality on the list, donation and liver transplantation from 03/20 to 08/15, 2019 and the same period in 2020, and b) a survey of the transplant centers with the highest transplant activity to assess the effect of the measures taken in different institutional and regional situations. […] The first analysis showed a 55% decrease in liver transplants, with a similar reduction in donation and admission to the liver waiting list; while HCC transplantation rose from 10% in 2019 to 22% in 2020. […] The number of surgeries, hepato-bilio-pancreatic, resection of HCC and liver transplantation, were reduced by 47%, 49%, 31% and 36% respectively. |
| 33483314 | Diabetes mellitus, abnormal liver function, and AKI were factors significantly associated with the primary endpoint among patients with either SARS or COVID-19. […] Patients with diabetes mellitus and abnormal liver function were also at risk of developing severe consequences after SARS and COVID-19 infection. |
| 33484229 |
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| 33486379 | Among the 78 host genes prominently implicated in COVID-19 infection, ACE2 (receptor for SARS-CoV-2) was positively regulated in several cases, namely, leukemia, psoriasis, lung cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), breast cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). |
| 33489728 | Our study aims to determine the association between the COVID-19 infection and pre-existing comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes, liver disease, lung disease, heart disease, kidney disease, hypertension, and obesity through a web-based self-reported survey. […] A significant risk association was observed for age above 60 years, female gender, as well as different pre-existing disease conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, and heart diseases. […] Therefore, older adults, females, as well as people with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, kidney disease, and liver disease are the most vulnerable population for COVID-19. |
| 33490928 | Fifty-eight COVID-19 patients post-hospital discharge and 30 age, sex, body mass index comorbidity-matched controls were enrolled for multiorgan (brain, lungs, heart, liver and kidneys) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spirometry, six-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), quality of life, cognitive and mental health assessments. |
| 33492492 | Based on the ADMET profile, 4-O-(6-galloylglucoside) was found to be metabolized by the liver and has a very high plasma protein binding. |
| 33499887 | Pregnancy Chronic respiratory failure Requirements of mechanical ventilation (invasive or no invasive) Chronic liver damage Child Pugh B or C Chronic kidney disease stage IV or V. |
| 33502471 | SARS-CoV-2 RNA was localized by ISH in hyaline membranes, pneumocytes and macrophages of lungs, epithelial cells of airways, and in endothelial cells and vessels wall of brain stem, leptomeninges, lung, heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas. |
| 33505145 | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease can frequently affect the liver. […] Pooled prevalence estimates of liver histopathological findings were hepatic steatosis 55.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 46.2-63.8], congestion of hepatic sinuses 34.7% (95%CI: 7.9-68.4), vascular thrombosis 29.4% (95%CI: 0.4-87.2), fibrosis 20.5% (95%CI: 0.6-57.9), Kupffer cell hyperplasia 13.5% (95%CI: 0.6-54.3), portal inflammation 13.2% (95%CI: 0.1-48.8), and lobular inflammation 11.6% (95%CI: 0.3-35.7). […] We found a high prevalence of hepatic steatosis and vascular thrombosis as major histological liver features. |
| 33507442 | Though liver telehealth has expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, disparities in overall use and suboptimal use (phone versus video) remain for vulnerable populations including those that are older, non-Hispanic Black, or have Medicare/Medicaid health insurance. |
| 33508378 | Data for patients with AIH and SARS-CoV-2 infection were combined from three international reporting registries and outcomes were compared to those with chronic liver disease of other aetiology (non-AIH CLD) and to patients without liver disease (non-CLD). […] AIH patients were not at increased risk of adverse outcomes despite immunosuppressive treatment compared to other causes of CLD and to matched cases without liver disease. |
| 33508881 | Although it is suggested to wait for 4 weeks after COVID-19 infection, there are no data to support or refute the timing of liver transplant after COVID-19 infection. […] Here we describe the course and outcomes of COVID-19-infected candidates and healthy living liver donors who underwent transplantation. […] Given the worsening of liver disease, four candidates underwent liver transplant after 2 weeks due to the worsening of liver disease and the other two candidates after 4 weeks. […] Three donors underwent successful liver donation surgery after 4 weeks of COVID-19 infection without any postoperative complications, and the other two were delisted (as the candidates expired). […] This report is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of elective liver transplant early after COVID-19 infection. |
| 33510731 | Focal lesions in liver, gallbladder, myocardium, and lymph nodes were still present at 18 dpi, suggesting potential damage after disease. |
| 33511662 | She had been an inpatient on the palliative care ward since October 2020 for management of symptoms related to her bone, brain and liver metastasis. |
| 33514597 | Liver injury has frequently been reported in COVID-19 patients. […] The clinical relevance of liver injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear with a need for prospective studies on the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities at baseline. […] Data of 217 patients without pre-existing liver disease prospectively included in the COVID-19 registry of the LMU university hospital were analysed in order to assess the association of abnormal LFT at admission and course of the disease. |
| 33517789 | The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of matrine in treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury. […] Potential targets related to matrine, COVID-19 and liver injury were identified from several databases. […] Finally, real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the effects of matrine on hub gene expression in liver tissue of liver injury mice and lung tissue of lung injury mice to further confirm the results of network pharmacological analysis. […] The potential therapeutic mechanism of matrine on COVID-19 combined with liver injury is closely related to regulate antiviral process, improve immune system and regulate the level of inflammatory factors. […] Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that matrine could significantly reduce the expression of AKT1, TP53, TNF, IL6 and ATM in mice with liver injury or lung injury (P < 0.05), and increase the expression of BCL2L1 to a certain extent (P > 0.05). […] Our results indicate that matrine can achieve simultaneous intervention of COVID-19 combined with liver injury by multi-dimensional pharmacological mechanism. |
| 33519133 | Renal and Liver parameters were observed within the normal limits when analyzed after treatment for 25 samples in Group I. |
| 33520337 | Recent studies show that liver injury could be a manifestation of the disease, and that liver disease could also be related to a worse prognosis. […] Our study confirms the importance of monitoring liver enzymes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19; seriously ill patients have significantly elevated AST and D-dimer concentrations, which have prognostic implications in the SARS-CoV-2 disease course. |
| 33520590 | Later, the classification performance of the suggested models, using BHA and BHACRW for training FNN, is evaluated against seven various benchmark datasets: iris, wine, blood, liver disorders, seeds, Statlog (Heart), balance scale. |
| 33521564 | COVID-19 involves blood vessels, lung, heart, nervous system, liver, gastrointestinal system, kidney, eyes, and other organs and infects adult and children, neonates, pregnant women, and elderly, transmitted via air born and droplet. |
| 33521611 | Scientific evidence is lacking regarding the risk of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) for COVID-19, and how these risks are affected by age, gender and race. |
| 33521703 | Moreover, not only COVID-19 patients often present with GI symptoms (diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain) and liver tests abnormalities, but there are also data showing active viral replication in the GI tract and possible fecal-oral transmission. […] Aim of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding prevalence and clinical significance of GI involvement and liver abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, providing the reader with evidence-based recommendations on the management of these conditions. |
| 33521741 | The case fatality rate was 1.2%, and the three commonest complications were liver injuries (6.7%), kidney injuries (4%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2.3%). |
| 33521749 | We found evidence of injury to the lung and liver and involvement of red blood cell progenitors associated with severe COVID-19. |
| 33522493 | Laboratory test revealed moderate liver dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, and severe hypocalcaemia (serum corrected calcium level: 5.7 mg/dL). |
| 33522946 | Age <18 years; Women in childbearing age; >= 72 hs since current admission; Requirement for a high dose of oxygen (>5 litres/minute) or mechanical ventilation (non-invasive or invasive); History of chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis or chronic liver failure; Inability for oral intake. |
| 33523551 | We report here a 61-year-old male patient of primary myelofibrosis who underwent an allo-HSCT 6 years earlier, had chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) involving the liver, lung, eyes, and skin, (with recurrent episodes of pulmonary infections) who developed severe COVID-19. |
| 33524188 | ACE2 cleaves angiotensin II, which promotes vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, liver and lung inflammation and fibrosis, into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7), which binds to Mas receptors (MasR), resulting in arterial vasodilatation, natriuresis, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in tissues. […] The coronavirus-dependent demise of ACE2 and its product (Ang1-7) leads to cytokine activation and cytokine-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis, which in turn decreases liver reserve and may induce hepatic injury. […] In these cases, liver function deteriorates rapidly after hospital admission, suggesting that cirrhotic patients frequently die from accelerated end-stage liver disease. […] Pharmaceutical interventions which may provide novel strategies to counter liver cirrhosis decompensation due to COVID-19 include non-peptidic MasR agonist AVE0991, which replaces the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Ang1-7, and metallopeptidase neprilysin inhibitor candoxatrilat, which reduces Ang1-7 clearance and causes portal pressure reduction with increased natriuresis in experimental cirrhosis. |
| 33525206 | Creatinine, C-reactive protein, Calcium and liver enzymes, were also pointing in that direction, although the differences were not significant. |
| 33526990 | The overall prevalence of liver injury and hypertransaminasemia in COVID-19 patients might be overestimated. […] Only a small fraction of COVID-19 patients have clinically significant liver injury. […] Hence, in severe COVID-19 patients, more attention should be paid to liver function tests. |
| 33527211 | In the context of liver injury in patients with COVID-19, several key problems need to be solved. […] For instance, it is important to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly invade liver, especially when ACE2 appears to be negligibly expressed on hepatocytes. […] In addition, the mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients are not fully understood, which are likely multifactorial and related to hyperinflammation, dysregulated immune responses, abnormal coagulation and drugs. […] Here, we systematically describe the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated liver injury and propose several hypotheses about its etiopathogenesis. |
| 33527805 | In SARS-CoV2 infection multi-organ involvement of heart, kidney pancreas and liver are reported. […] Most studies suggest that though mild derangements of liver function may be experienced by most COVID-19 patients but significant liver injury is not common. […] The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to this level 4 COVID hospital and find out their relation to the liver parameters. […] The primary liver enzymes ALT and AST were raised in the entire study population. […] Hence, further investigation and long term follow up of recovered COVID-19 cases is warranted to understand the pathophysiology and implication of liver injury that occurs both in overt and covert forms during infection. |
| 33528832 | Laboratory tests revealed increased total blood cells, increased levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimers, liver indicator markers and IL-6 in the most severely affected patients. |
| 33529260 | Increase in SGOT, SGPT and blood urea suggests the functional deficiencies of liver, heart, and kidney in patients who succumbed to the disease when compared to the group of recovered patients. |
| 33529499 | The estimated number of avoided hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver transplantations over a 20-year time horizon was: 1,057 in England; 1,221 in Italy; 1,211 in Romania; and 1,103 in Spain for patients treated during 2015-2016 and 640 in England; 626 in Italy; 739 in Romania; and 643 in Spain for patients treated during 2017-2019. […] A delay in treatment due to COVID-19 will increase liver mortality in all countries. |
| 33529638 | There was no significant difference in adverse events in terms of liver function and renal function between the two groups. |
| 33530232 | The evidence for the incidence and severity of liver injury in Chinese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still controversial. […] The purpose of this study was to summarize the incidence of liver injury and the differences between liver injury markers among different patients with COVID-19 in China. […] Computer searches of PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and medRxiv were used to obtain reports on the incidence and markers of liver injury in Chinese patients with COVID-19, from January 1, 2020 to April 10, 2020. […] The results of the meta-analysis showed that among the patients with early COVID-19 infection in China, the incidence of liver injury events was 24.7% (95% CI, 23.4%-26.4%). […] Liver injury in severe patients was more common than that in non-severe patients, with a risk ratio of 2.07 (95% CI, 1.77-2.43). […] There is a certain risk of liver injury in Chinese patients with COVID-19, and the risk and degree of liver injury are related to the severity of COVID-19. |
| 33530248 | Among the 7 combination scores that were developed, lactic dehydrogenase-lymphocyte ratio (LLR) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value for predicting prognosis, and it was associated with the incidence of liver injury, renal injury, and higher disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score on admission. |
| 33530544 | There is also a better understanding and employment of anticoagulants in pulmonary embolism in special populations, such as patients with liver failure, renal failure, malignancy, and COVID-19. |
| 33532356 | However, it should be used cautiously in patients with liver or kidney dysfunction. |
| 33533404 | These conditions were more prevalent in survivors of kidney, liver and uterine cancers as well as Black survivors, those with low socioeconomic status, and public insurance. |
| 33533405 | The existence of RAS is well established in metabolic organs, including pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, where activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - angiotensin II pathway contributes to the impairment of insulin secretion, glucose transport, fat distribution, and adipokines production. |
| 33534084 | The relationship between liver injury and mortality remains unclear in patients with COVID-19. |
| 33534752 | For laboratory testing, we recommend a baseline white blood cell differential platelet count and hemoglobin, creatinine, and liver function tests and suggest a baseline C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, prothrombin time (or other coagulation test), and D-dimer, where such testing capabilities are available. |
| 33536114 | In addition, there are no data on mepolizumab therapy in patients with elevated liver enzyme levels. […] With this case, we also reported that no adverse effects were observed during mepolizumab treatment in a patient with elevated liver enzyme levels. |
| 33537687 | Furthermore, the efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), as the most important metabolic derivative of Met, for treating liver diseases is mentioned. |
| 33538960 | The release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukins, tumor necrosis factor α), also known as ‘cytokine storm’, leads to altered molecular pathophysiology and eventually organ damage in the lung, heart, and liver. […] The laboratory values for various liver function tests (e.g., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, albumin) have indicated potential hepatocellular injury in COVID-19 patients. […] Since the liver is the powerhouse of protein synthesis and the primary site of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism, even a minor change in the liver function status has the potential to affect the hepatic clearance of xenobiotics. |
| 33541022 | Children with 2019-nCoV infection had mild clinical symptoms with few cases of liver injury. […] The abnormal liver chemistries in children with COVID-19 infection may be related to the underlying disease and the use of antiviral drugs. |
| 33541491 | The differences in blood routine, liver function, blood lipid level and adverse reactions of antiviral drugs during hospitalization were compared between the two groups at 1, 3 and 7 days after admission and 1 and 3 months after discharge. |
| 33541492 | The clinical and laboratory characteristics of 215 cases of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in the First People’s Hospital of Tianmen City from January 18 to March 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including blood cell indexes, inflammatory indexes [C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT)], liver function, cardiac function, renal function, blood coagulation function, electrolyte, chest CT scan, and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid tests. |
| 33542426 | The presence of underlying liver diseases should be considered one of the poor prognostic factors for worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. |
| 33546633 | Also, acute liver injury was the most common complication in these patients. |
| 33546658 | During statistical analysis, possible confounders such as age, sex, race, BMI, and comorbidities including, hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, any history of cancer and prior liver disease, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease on dialysis, hyperlipidemia and history of prior stroke, were accounted for. |
| 33548030 | Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with liver dysfunction, aggravation of liver burden, and liver injury. […] This study aimed to assess the effects of liver injuries on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. […] Chronic liver disease (CLD) was confirmed by consensus diagnostic criteria. […] Laboratory test results were compared between different groups. scRNA-seq data and bulk gene expression profiles were used to identify cell types associated with liver injury. cells in these tissues. […] By generating a model, we were able to predict the risk and severity of liver injury during hospitalization. […] We demonstrate that liver injury occurring during therapy as well as pre-existing CLDs like fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in patients with COVID-19 is significantly associated with the severity of disease and mortality, but the presence of other CLD is not associated. […] We provide a risk-score model that can predict whether patients with COVID-19 will develop liver injury or proceed to higher-risk stages during subsequent hospitalizations. |
| 33549005 | Biomarkers of coagulation function, inflammation, liver and kidney function, cardiac and muscle injury were also elevated in nonsurvivors. |
| 33550034 | This study also suggests that after careful evaluation of all the cell line based studies, Kidney cells (VeroE6, HEK293 along with their clones), liver Huh-7cells, respiratory Calu-3 cells, and intestinal Caco-2 are the most widely used in-vitro models for SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33551355 | Metabolic diseases are risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which have a close relationship with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). […] In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the presence of liver steatosis was determined by computed tomography scan (CT). […] Liver fibrosis was assessed using the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS score), and when altered, the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) score. […] The presence of liver fibrosis was associated with higher severity scores, higher levels of inflammatory markers, requirement of mechanical ventilation, incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and higher mortality than patients without fibrosis. |
| 33553303 | Liver injury is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although its effect on patient outcomes has not been well studied. […] This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liver injury on the prognosis and treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. […] However, there was no significant difference found between severe and non-severe patients in the use of mechanical ventilation, mortality, hospital stay, or use and dosage of glucocorticoids between individuals with and without liver injury (all P>0.05). […] The degree of disease severity (OR =7.833, 95% CI, 1.834-31.212, P=0.005) and presence of any coexisting illness (OR =4.736, 95% CI, 1.305-17.186, P=0.018) were predictable risk factors for primary composite end-point events, whereas liver injury had no significance in this aspect (OR =0.549, 95% CI, 0.477-5.156, P=0.459). […] Liver injury was more common in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia than in non-severe cases. […] However, liver injury had no negative effect on the prognosis and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. |
| 33553391 | Despite atypical pneumonia as the primary symptom, liver dysfunction has also been observed in many clinical cases and is associated with the mortality risk in patients with COVID-19, like severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. […] Here we will provide a schematic overview of the clinical characteristics and the possible mechanisms of liver injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which may provide help for optimizing the management of liver injury and reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients. |
| 33553435 | Furthermore, we also found the liver and kidney function of male patients was worse than that of female patients, while female cases should be paid more attention to the occurrence of bleeding and electrolyte disorders. |
| 33555058 | Adverse clinical outcomes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection among liver transplant (LTx) recipients remain undefined. […] Approximately 77% (95%CI, 61%-93%) of LTx recipients had a history of liver cirrhosis. |
| 33556199 | of an adult patient who underwent liver transplantation (LT) after recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. |
| 33557818 | Besides, we have found 3 complications - myocardial injury, liver function injury and renal function injury. |
| 33558820 | Gastrointestinal manifestations and a mild increase in liver enzymes have been reported in 8.8% to 53% of COVID-19 cases. […] However, liver failure is extremely rare and has not been reported so far in the literature. […] Here, we reported a fatal case of simultaneous pneumonia secondary to SARS-CoV-2and acute liver failure in a 14-year-old boy with liver cirrhosis. |
| 33560687 | Liver chemistry abnormalities (LCA) are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but their causes and clinical impact have not been adequately studied. […] Abnormalities of liver chemistries [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, or total bilirubin] were defined as absent, mild-moderate (at least one value up to four times elevated), or severe. […] Risk factors for severe LCA were male sex and chronic liver disease. |
| 33563186 | In fact, besides serious injuries in the respiratory system, COVID-19 invades and damages various organs, including the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. |
| 33563499 | Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), particularly cirrhosis, hepatobiliary malignancies, candidates for liver transplantation, and immunosuppressed individuals after liver transplantation appear to be at increased risk of infections in general, which in turn translates into increased mortality. […] However, although regulatory agencies in the US and Europe have already approved some of these vaccines for clinical use, information on immunogenicity, duration of protection and long-term safety in patients with CLD, cirrhosis, hepatobiliary cancer and liver transplant recipients has yet to be generated. |
| 33563624 | Adults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%). -p=0.001). |
| 33564286 | The incidence of coagulopathy was associated with increased odds of acute liver injury, renal dysfunction and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by multivariable regression. |
| 33564481 | These pathophysiological events cause extensive hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis, which results in deadly severe liver failure. […] Our findings support that the liver damage occurring in COVID-19 is caused by an impaired innate immune system rather than by direct cell damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33567992 | The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical significance of renal, liver, and lipid testing. […] Young PWH without hepatitis C rarely have renal, liver, or lipid test results that alter clinical care. |
| 33568158 | A mediation analysis found that 20.00% of the effect of vegetable intake on lymphocyte counts was mediated by one bacterial genus, Collinsella, known to increase with the intake of processed foods and previously associated with fatty liver disease. |
| 33568991 | Both the antibodies detected expression of ACE2 in kidney, small intestine, tongue, and liver. |
| 33569166 | Investigation revealed haemorrhage from a lesion in his liver-an incidental finding of a hepatocellular carcinoma. […] The second stage of management included interventional radiological embolization of the bleeding liver vessel and subsequent resection of the liver tumour. |
| 33569967 | Alterations in liver function test have been described in 17-50% of patients COVID-19. |
| 33571300 | Death or ICU admission were independently associated with older age, male, coma, dyspnea or tachypnea, and seizures, with underlying co-morbidities such as immunodeficiency, chronic renal failure, and liver disease showing the strongest effects. |
| 33571819 | Despite success in improving patients’ mobility and reducing joint destruction, reported events of LF-induced liver injury necessitated regulatory precautions. […] LF should not be used in patients with hepatic impairment or in combination with drugs elaborating a burden on the liver without regular monitoring of liver enzymes and serum bilirubin as safety biomarkers. |
| 33572429 | Liver injury expressed as any alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was noted in 45.6% of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. […] It was noted that elevated ALT/AST unfavorably affected other parameters related to liver function such as albumin level; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP); and partly, ALP activity and influenced inflammation-related parameters. […] The use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs may contribute to liver damage. |
| 33574271 | We also identified other variants, that are associated with adverse effects, most notable in hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (G6PD; hemolysis), ribavirin (ITPA; hemolysis), and interferon β -1b (IRF6; liver toxicity). |
| 33575886 | The liver frequently reveals steatosis, liver cell necrosis, portal inflammation, and proliferation of Kupffer cells. |
| 33577086 | The anticipated use of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease and liver transplant recipients is reviewed and practical guidance is provided for health care providers involved in the care of patients with liver disease and liver transplantation about vaccine prioritization and administration. […] Because patients with advanced liver disease and immunosuppressed patients were excluded from the vaccine licensing trials, additional data regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines are eagerly awaited in these and other subgroups CONCLUSIONS: Remarkably safe and highly effective mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are now available for widespread use and should be given to all adult patients with chronic liver disease and liver transplant recipients. |
| 33577728 | Transient benign hyperphosphatasemia (THI) is a benign condition associated with marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) without any other kidney, bone, and liver pathologies. |
| 33582903 | Hemophagocytosis in the spleen and the liver, as well as lymphocyte infiltration in the liver on histopathological examinations, was found in 3 sHLH autopsy patients. |
| 33583332 | ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone, liver and kidney function tests were normal. |
| 33584070 | Liver injury has been observed in a significant proportion of patients, especially in those with a severe or critical illness. […] COVID-19 might provoke a deterioration of liver function in patients with already diagnosed chronic liver diseases and without pre-existing liver disorders. […] The deterioration of liver function worsens the prognosis, increases the risk of a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolongs the hospital stay. […] In general, patients who develop liver dysfunction in COVID-19 are mainly males, elderly people, and those with higher body mass index. […] The underlying mechanisms for hepatic failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are still unclear, nevertheless liver damage appears to be directly connected with virus-induced cytopathic effects. […] A liver injury observed during hospitalization might be simultaneously caused by the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs, mainly antiviral agents. […] This minireview focuses on a possible relationship between COVID-19 and the liver, potential molecular mechanisms of liver damage, the characteristics of liver injury and suggested factors predisposing to hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients. |
| 33584285 | Arbidol observably alleviates inflammatory infiltrates and injury in the lungs and liver. |
| 33584343 | In this review, we aim to summarize the major features of SARS-CoV-2 biology and the current understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as its clinical repercussions in the lung, heart, kidney, bowel, liver, and brain. |
| 33585042 | Correlational analysis showed a significant association between renal function indicators and different laboratory markers, including hematological indices and different liver enzymes. |
| 33589116 | Safety outcomes included an increase in liver transaminases and/or evidence of infection. |
| 33589248 | All orthotopic liver transplants completed between January 2018 and August 2020 were included in the study (n = 344). […] From March 2020 to August 2020, there was a significant decrease in average monthly referrals for orthotopic liver transplantation (29.8 vs 37.1, P = .01). […] Orthotopic liver transplant can be accomplished safely and effectively in the coronavirus disease 2019 era without compromising outcomes through increasing utilization of telehealth, rapid coronavirus disease 2019 testing, and multidisciplinary protocols for managing immunosuppressed patients. |
| 33589865 | Additionally, eosinopenia correlates with biomarkers of coagulation disorder and those of tissue damage in kidney, liver, and other tissues. |
| 33590675 | 70 SOT recipients were studied (56% kidney, 19% lung, 14% liver +/- kidney, and 11% heart +/- kidney recipients). 36 (51%) had positive anti-nucleocapsid antibody testing, and 34 (49%) were negative. |
| 33591607 | Liver and pancreas dysfunctions have also been described as non-respiratory complications of COVID-19 and add further emphasis to the common view of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement. […] We also review the current available data on gastrointestinal and liver manifestations, management, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19. |
| 33593483 | ACE-2 is expressed in the lungs, heart, testicles, liver, gastrointestinal tract, etc. |