GOLD
DrugBank ID: db14154
DrugCentral: gold
Synonymous :aurum metallicum | colloidal gold | gold flake | gold leaf | gold powder | gold, colloidal | gold, elemental
Drug Sentece Context
Table 1. Analysis of context sentence of gold gene in 420 abstracts.
| pmid | sentence |
|---|---|
| 32172228 | As the current gold standard for the etiological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory tract specimens, the diagnostic accuracy of this technique shall be considered a foremost prerequisite. |
| 32174053 | The nucleic acid test or genetic sequencing serves as the gold standard method for confirmation of infection, yet several recent studies have reported false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). |
| 32196430 | Newer laboratory methods are fast, highly sensitive and specific, and are gradually replacing the conventional gold standards. |
| 32277023 | Objective: To investigate the interference factors that lead to false-positive novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) IgM detected using gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the corresponding solutions.Methods: GICA and ELISA were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM in 86 serum samples, including 5 influenza A virus (Flu A) IgM-positive sera, 5 influenza B virus (Flu B) IgM-positive sera, 5 Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM-positive sera, 5 Legionella pneumophila IgM-positive sera, 6 sera of HIV infection patients, 36 rheumatoid factor IgM (RF-IgM)-positive sera, 5 sera from hypertensive patients, 5 sera from diabetes mellitus patients, and 14 sera from novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) patients. |
| 32281785 | The two-dimensional gold nanoislands (AuNIs) functionalized with complementary DNA receptors can perform a sensitive detection of the selected sequences from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through nucleic acid hybridization. |
| 32283141 | Here, we presented the colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic (ICG) strip targeting viral IgM or IgG antibody and compared it with real-time RT-PCR. |
| 32292623 | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is regarded as a gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections with high sensitivity and specificity. |
| 32301746 | Amplification of viral RNA by rRT-PCR serves as the gold standard for confirmation of infection, yet it needs a long turnaround time (3-4 h to generate results) and shows false-negative rates as large as 15%-20%. |
| 32301749 | Laboratory tests play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the current gold standard being real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory tract specimens. |
| 32302956 | With a positive nucleic acid test as the gold standard, the sensitivity of lung CT was 12.00 %, 95 % CI: 4.6-24.3; with the changes of CT as the gold standard, the sensitivity of nucleic acid positive was 30.16 %, 95 % CI: 19.2-43.0. |
| 32306047 | The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis was nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. |
| 32311437 | Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR) and viral gene sequencing are the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 32312166 | Flexible laryngoscopy, the gold-standard evaluation of the larynx and the pharynx, is one of the most commonly performed procedures in otolaryngology. |
| 32324359 | We also focus on the proper method of microbiological sampling and the relevant informations regarding diagnostic tests like the gold standard real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32327383 | Ultrasound is being used in Italy and China to help review lung condition during the COVID-19 outbreak however not strictly as a diagnostic tool as Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest and chest radiographs are currently gold standard. |
| 32328206 | It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. |
| 32330291 | Though molecular diagnostic tests are the gold standard for COVID-19, serological testing is emerging as a potential surveillance tool, in addition to its complementary role in COVID-19 diagnostics. |
| 32334183 | The gold standard is a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based system taking several hours to confirm positivity. |
| 32335426 | The current gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the detection of coronavirus nucleic acids, but imaging has an important role in the detection of lung lesions, stratification, evaluation of treatment strategies, and differentiation of mixed infections. |
| 32337795 | Although chest Computer Tomography (CT) represents the gold standard to assess lung involvement, with a specificity even superior to the nasal/pharyngeal swab for diagnosis, lung ultrasound examination can be a valid alternative to CT scan, with some advantages, particularly desirable for pregnant women. |
| 32340562 | Molecular docking is performed using AutoDock Vina and GOLD suite to determine the binding affinities and interactions between the phytochemicals and the main protease. |
| 32342927 | All kits are based on colloidal gold-labeled immunochromatography principle and one-step method with results obtained within 15 minutes, using whole blood, serum or plasma samples. |
| 32346593 | The nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but has a low sensitivity is low. |
| 32350048 | All assays were 100% specific, using our CDC-based LDT as the gold standard. |
| 32354369 | Nucleic acid detection is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 32355546 | To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 specific IgM/IgG anti-body detection in suspected COVID-19 cases. […] All patients were tested by the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for COVID-19. […] The colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 specific IgM/IgG anti-body had 71.1% sensitivity and 96.2% specificity in this population, showing the potential for a useful rapid diagnosis test for COVID-19. |
| 32356672 | The gold standard so far is RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polmerase chain reaction) from the nasopharyngeal smear. |
| 32357503 | Despite the decline in postmortem examination rate, autopsy remains the gold standard to determine why and how death happens. |
| 32358057 | However, the “gold standard” test pioneered by the United States Center for Disease Control & Prevention, takes several hours to complete and requires extensive human labor, materials such as RNA extraction kits that could become in short supply and relatively scarce qPCR machines. […] There has been a tremendous explosion in the number of papers written within the first weeks of the pandemic evaluating potential advances, comparable reagents, and alternatives to the “gold-standard” CDC RT-PCR test. |
| 32361322 | Using the in-house assays as the “gold standard”, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the AusDiagnostics assay was 100 %, 92.16 %, 55.56 % and 100 % respectively. |
| 32363011 | The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. |
| 32364358 | Aim: We evaluated two rapid tests (Anhui and Clungene) in comparison with those of real-time PCR tests considered as the gold standard in the detection of infection. |
| 32370065 | The proposed chain reactions target the complementary DNA (cDNA) of SARS-CoV-2, with loci corresponding to gold-standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) loci. |
| 32376587 | RCTs provides the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of a given treatment for the patients from the outbreaks. |
| 32387058 | It is desirable to prioritize disease conditions for which cytoreduction surgery with or without associated hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is the gold-standard treatment, and for which systemic chemotherapy cannot be a temporary or long-term alternative: pseudomyxoma peritonei, resectable malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas, peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin if they are resectable and unresponsive to systemic chemotherapy after up to 12 courses, first-line ovarian carcinomatosis if resectable or in interval surgery after at most six courses of systemic chemotherapy. |
| 32391022 | Molecular assays have been the gold standard to directly detect for the presence of viral genetic material in infected individuals. |
| 32400049 | Recently, the group of Sichuan published a protocol for COVID/ACS infected patients that see the thrombolysis as the gold standard of care. |
| 32431052 | For this infectious disease, nucleic acid detection is still the gold standard for pathogenic detection. |
| 32437124 | We herein report the development of a colorimetric assay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), when capped with suitably designed thiol-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific for N-gene (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2, could be used for diagnosing positive COVID-19 cases within 10 min from the isolated RNA samples. |
| 32438677 | Although Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) is considered to be the gold standard, serological tests based on antibodies could be very helpful. |
| 32438806 | The reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) test is currently considered as a gold standard in the laboratory for the etiological detection of COVID-19. |
| 32438868 | Quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32443459 | To date, assays based on the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory samples are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. |
| 32446037 | Although CT scan is the gold standard, CXR are still useful because it is cheaper, faster and more widespread. |
| 32451162 | Real-time polymerase chain reaction was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and computed tomography scans were considered useful for cases of diagnostic uncertainty. |
| 32455796 | The real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain was one of the most quickly established methods in the novel viral pandemic and was considered as the gold standard for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
| 32458502 | Detection of viral genomic materials by RT-PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. |
| 32462968 | Gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots in colorimetric and immunochromatographic assays, silica nanoparticles in a polymerase chain reaction and spike protein nanospheres as antigen carriers and adjuvants in vaccine formulations present notable examples in diagnostics and prevention, while uses of nanoparticles in coronavirus infection treatments have been merely sporadic. |
| 32466458 | Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based assays performed on respiratory specimens remain the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. |
| 32467809 | Appendectomy is the gold standard of treatment for acute appendicitis; however, recent evidence suggests conservative management with intravenous antibiotics may provide similar outcomes and can be used as an alternative in selected patients. |
| 32475066 | As such, plaque assays remain the gold standard in quantifying concentrations of replication-competent lytic virions. |
| 32476607 | The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM antibodies were then detected using a SARS-CoV-2 IgM colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA). |
| 32485473 | We evaluated nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) kit using CDC kit as gold standard. |
| 32490854 | Here, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of chemically-synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) are utilized to create large SERS and PEF enhancements. |
| 32492531 | The gold-standard COVID-19 diagnosis relies on detecting SARS-CoV-2 using RNA purification and one-step retrotranscription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). […] Although with a delay in cycle threshold compared to the gold-standard, we found consistent results in nasopharyngeal swab samples that were subject to a direct 70°C incubation for 10 min. |
| 32505777 | When calculating the overall sensitivity, in a time frame of 49 days after first PCR-positivity, the PRNT as gold standard, showed the highest sensitivity with 93.3% followed by the dual-target assay for the VIRCLIA® automation system with 89%. |
| 32506142 | Depending on clinical status (symptomatic or non-symptomatic), the information useful for the orthopaedist surgeon and obtained from the Chest CT scan according to the result of the PCR (gold standard) was graded from 0 (no or low value) to 3 (high value). |
| 32508026 | A colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for IgM/IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S1 protein was established to assess its rapid diagnostic value. […] We first designed and manufactured all contents of the test cassette of SARS-CoV-2 rapid test kit: the colloidal gold-labeled mouse-antihuman lgM/lgG antibody, the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 antigen, the nitrocellulose membrane control line, and specimen diluents. […] Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, colloidal gold immunochromatography assay, serological validation of cross reaction with other common viruses, and clinical validation were performed. |
| 32513515 | Symptoms are examined using the COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and dyspnea grade are examined using a modified MRC from GOLD guidelines. |
| 32513858 | Molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical performance of these tests is still poorly understood, particularly with regard to disease course, patient-specific factors, and viral shedding. |
| 32520160 | Since rRT-PCR tests serve as the gold standard method to confirm a SARS-CoV-2 infection, false-negative results could hinder the prevention and control of the epidemic, particularly considering the test plays a key role in the decision for continued isolated medical observation or discharge. |
| 32523136 | Percutaneous coronary intervention is considered the gold standard, however in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the reperfusion strategy is more focused on fibrinolytic therapy due to the shorter time required to perform and less exposure. |
| 32523142 | Evidence of the usefulness of USP in COVID-19 is still scarce, although preliminary, it seems to be a sensitive technique whose findings have a high gold standard. […] La evidencia de la utilidad de USP en COVID-19 es aún escasa, aunque de forma preliminar, parece ser una técnica sensible cuyos hallazgos tienen una elevada gold-standard. |
| 32523933 | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause fever, dry cough and acute respiratory failure.Cough can result in several complications, including rupture of the diaphragm and abdominal herniation.CT scanning is the gold standard technique to investigate COVID-19 pneumonia and diaphragmatic rupture. |
| 32530131 | Assuming negative repeat RT-PCR, clear chest imaging, and lack of subsequent symptoms represent the “gold standard,” RT-PCR specificity was 0.97. |
| 32534909 | The gold standard for diagnosis is nucleic acid detection by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) in naso-pharyngeal swabs, but, due to limitations in its sensitivity, thoracic imaging plays a crucial, complementary role in diagnostic work-up and it allows also to reveal atypical findings and potential alternative target for sampling, such as pleural effusion. |
| 32535302 | The unprecedented outbreak posed the challenge of evaluating the different diagnostic RT-PCR assays sensitivity and specificity without a previous established gold standard.Since the availability of the first SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence (Wu et al., 2020), several studies have reported a rapid genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 through a phylogenetic tree tracking the geographical spread of the virus (Andersen et al., 2020; The Open Science Prize, 2020; Wu et al., 2020; Yi, 2020). |
| 32537697 | Blind insertion of SADs should become the exception and we anticipate, as in other domains such as central venous cannulation and nerve block insertions, vision-guided placement becoming the gold standard. |
| 32538893 | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) are the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19. |
| 32542208 | In this study, a colloidal gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow (AuNP-LF) assay was developed to achieve rapid diagnosis and on-site detection of the IgM antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the indirect immunochromatography method. |
| 32543753 | The detection data of IgM and IgG antibodies in 169 patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were analyzed to evaluate differences in clinical performance between the colloidal gold method and chemiluminescence method. […] In this study, chemiluminescence detection of IgM antibody showed a positive conversion earlier (about 1~2 days earlier), positive conversion rates higher in different stages of disease, and a trend of declining positive rate later than colloidal gold method. […] For IgG antibody, the chemiluminescence method showed a positive conversion earlier and the positive rate climbing more quickly than the colloidal gold method. […] Although colloidal gold method is generally less sensitive than chemiluminescence method, it shows advantages of shorter turn-around time, more simple procedure and no special equipment required. |
| 32550056 | Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR; rt-PCR) is the gold standard diagnostic test, and chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan are the other main investigations. |
| 32552549 | The RNA purification is the gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in swab samples, but it is dependent on the availability of chemical reagents. |
| 32555087 | The current surgical gold treatment standard is intramedullary nail fixation. |
| 32563180 | Preferably, the performance of serological tests for a novel virus should be determined with clinical specimens against a gold standard, i.e. virus neutralisation. |
| 32566476 | Sensitivity of RT-PCR nasopharyngeal (NP) testing is presumed to be high, but there is no gold standard against which this has been determined. |
| 32568341 | The principle of a lateral flow immunoassay strip (LFIAs) consists of fixing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to the surface of the strip and coupling anti-human IgG with colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). |
| 32568413 | A subgroup analysis among detection methods indicated the sensitivity of IgG and IgM using ELISA were slightly lower than those using gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) and chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) (p > .05) These results showed that the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM had high diagnostic efficiency to assist the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32571647 | We present the case of a 71-year-old man who, despite becoming asymptomatic after having some mild symptoms of COVID-19, had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected for 37 days after onset, from his concentrated and purified saliva specimens using sugar chain-immobilized gold nanoparticles. |
| 32572338 | To ensure a proper disinfection, we have evaluated three biological indicators namely Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis and spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus, considered as the gold standard for disinfection processes. |
| 32574326 | In this original research article, we describe the conception, the analytical and clinical performances as well as the risk management of implementing the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip in a diagnostic decision algorithm. Materials and Methods: Development of the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip resulted in a ready-to-use ICT assay based on a membrane technology with colloidal gold nanoparticles using monoclonal antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highly conserved nucleoprotein antigen. |
| 32574328 | There is currently not a well-established gold standard therapy for the treatment of diagnosed COVID-19. |
| 32574333 | A nucleic acid test is currently accepted as the gold standard method to confirm diagnosis. |
| 32580529 | The right equilibrium between high speed, low cost and accuracy is obtained with easy-to-use decentralized point-of-care test as the colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip assay which detects IgM and IgG antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32582718 | The current gold standard for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of viral nucleic acids. |
| 32585723 | The latest Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidance for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recommends avoiding the ‘gold standard’ 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. |
| 32588614 | Diagnostic procedure in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based mainly on performing real-time-reverse transcription-polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), which has been accepted as the gold standard method. |
| 32591166 | The current gold standard for etiologic diagnosis is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of respiratory-tract specimens, but the test has a high false-negative rate owing to both nasopharyngeal swab sampling error and viral burden. |
| 32592498 | In reference to the comments by Dramé M., et al., 2020, that question the possibility of whether the reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) for viral load should be considered a gold standard in the diagnosis of Covid-19. |
| 32593875 | SARS-CoV-2 has caused COVID-19 pandemic globally in the beginning of 2020, and qualitative real-time RT-PCR has become the gold standard in diagnosis. |
| 32600935 | The Polymer Chain Reaction (PCR) test in the first 7 days for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA is considered the test of reference (‘Gold standard’). |
| 32602024 | Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is the gold standard for the surgical management of localized prostate cancer (PCa). |
| 32605192 | For these reasons, autopsy remains the gold standard method to ascertain the exact cause of death (from or with COVID-19 infection, or other causes), to consequently provide real data for statistical evaluations and to take necessary measures to contain the risks of the infection. |
| 32607737 | Amplification of viral RNA by (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the current gold standard test for confirmation of infection, although it presents known shortcomings: long turnaround times (3-4 hours to generate results), potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates as large as 15-20%, the need for certified laboratories, expensive equipment and trained personnel. […] We have developed two machine learning models, to discriminate between patients who are either positive or negative to the SARS-CoV-2: their accuracy ranges between 82% and 86%, and sensitivity between 92% e 95%, so comparably well with respect to the gold standard. |
| 32609256 | However, the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is the viral detection through the amplification of nucleic acids. […] Although the quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been described as the gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19, there are several difficulties involving its use. |
| 32616134 | Methods Totally 63 discharged patients in Wuhan,China,who underwent both chest CT and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)from February 1 to February 29,2020,were included.With RT-PCR as a gold standard,the performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed.Patients were divided into mild/moderate and severe/critical groups according to the disease conditions,and clinical features such as sex,age,symptoms,hospital stay,comorbidities,and oxygen therapy were collected.CT images in the recovery phase were reviewed in terms of time from onset,CT features,location of lesions,lobe score,and total CT score. |
| 32617987 | For diagnosis, the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard test for initial diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 32620592 | An ongoing national switchboard quality improvement project seeks to establish a gold standard whereby healthcare professionals with urgent enquiries can press ‘X’ to skip past infection control messages and have their calls triaged immediately. |
| 32621728 | A ‘gold-standard’ investigation has not yet been identified for detection and monitoring. |
| 32634550 | The lack of specific treatment and gold-standard diagnostic system has made the situation more complicated. |
| 32638712 | An evaluation of a rapid portable gold-nanotechnology measuring SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgA and IgG antibody concentrations against spike 1 (S1), spike 2 (S) and nucleocapsid (N) was conducted using serum samples from 74 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA on admission to hospital, and 47 historical control patients from March 2019. 59 patients were RNA(+) and 15 were RNA(-). |
| 32641984 | Quantitative nucleic acid testing has become the gold standard for diagnosis and guiding clinical decisions regarding the use of antiviral therapy. |
| 32643218 | Nucleic acid amplification technology for molecular diagnostics remains the gold standard for virus detection. |
| 32654408 | We chose death as a hard relevant outcome, rather than severity. 100% of patients had gold-standard PCR RNA positivity. |
| 32659413 | RT-PCR remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in sputum samples. |
| 32664787 | On the other hand, rapid sequence induction, which represents the gold standard for limiting the risk of transmission for health care professionals, implies side effects that can be potentially harmful for patients with impaired hemodynamics. |
| 32670990 | Clinical and laboratory findings in COVID-19 are unspecific.Chest CT has a diagnostic sensitivity comparable to nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR assay but lacks specificity.RT-PCR assays on biological specimens, particularly nasopharyngeal swabs, are considered the diagnostic gold standard.Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage can help confirm the diagnosis and should be performed in patients in whom diagnostic-driven treatment for COVID-19, such as tocilizumab or remdesivir, is being considered. |
| 32671013 | Verifying the presence of viral RNA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 32671661 | Early laparoscopic appendicectomy is the gold-standard management. |
| 32679328 | Additionally, we speculate the possible mechanisms of polysaccharides anti-SARS-CoV-2, and propose the strategy of loading S or N protein from coronavirus onto polysaccharide capped gold nanoparticles vaccine for COVID-19 treatment. |
| 32681309 | Primary endpoint was the false-negative rate of variplex test compared with PCR as gold standard. |
| 32685080 | Currently, positive of virus nucleic acid in respiratory or blood samples is the gold standard for the diagnosis of the disease, but the nucleic acid test may be false negative. |
| 32694271 | These include gold or silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide. |
| 32695791 | Background: The unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on modern society has ignited a “gold rush” for effective treatment and diagnostic strategies, with a significant diversion of economic, scientific, and human resources toward dedicated clinical research. |
| 32696013 | Nucleic acid assays such as quantitative, or real-time, polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification are ideal for acute diagnosis with polymerase chain reaction testing remaining the “gold standard” to diagnose acute infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, specifically the presence of viral RNA. |
| 32700055 | A hierarchical brain network-the “central autonomic network”-regulates these systems; embedded within it are components of the Chrousos/Gold “stress system.” |
| 32702851 | Polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the diagnostic gold standard of COVID-19. |
| 32702940 | Although computed tomography remains the gold standard for diagnosing lung diseases, its usefulness for infected, critically ill patients has been largely limited during the pandemic. |
| 32703816 | Detection of the viral genome through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard for this virus; however, the high demand of the materials and reagents needed to sample individuals, purify the viral RNA, and perform the RT-qPCR has resulted in a worldwide shortage of several of these supplies. |
| 32704169 | The current gold standard is the conventional virus neutralization test requiring live pathogen and a biosafety level 3 laboratory. |
| 32705153 | Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection. |
| 32705298 | The gold standard for detection of an active SARS-CoV‑2 infection is the direct detection of the pathogen with nucleic acid amplification techniques. |
| 32707307 | Worldwide, clinical data remain the gold standard for disease surveillance and tracking. |
| 32711946 | Although ‘in-person’ clinical appointments will continue to be regarded as the default safe and gold standard management modality, OMFS departments should consider significant upscaling of teleconsultation services. |
| 32713715 | LUS follow-up of 72 patients were compared with the gold standard chest CT. |
| 32714821 | Currently, the gold standard for test is Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR); however, patients with a high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 can sometimes have multiple negative tests. |
| 32717056 | While molecular techniques remain the gold standard for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological tests have the unique potential to ascertain how much of the population has been exposed to the COVID-19 pathogen. |
| 32718086 | In this review we discuss the main immunologic aspects that make anti-IL-6 a good candidate in RA, but despite the main therapeutic options available to target IL-6, no gold standard treatment has been established so far. |
| 32720704 | The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the colloidal gold immunochromatography assay for SARS-Cov-2 IgM/IgG antibody (Ab). |
| 32729264 | Early diagnosis is crucial for the management of the patients with COVID-19, but the gold standard diagnostic test for this infection, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, has a low sensitivity and an increased turnaround time. |
| 32730214 | Although nucleic acid detection has been mainly used as the gold standard to confirm this RNA virus-based disease, it has been shown that such a strategy has a high false negative rate, especially for patients in the early stage, and thus CT imaging has been applied as a major diagnostic modality in confirming positive COVID-19. |
| 32731151 | Nucleic acid testing is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, large numbers of false-negative results have been reported. |
| 32731285 | However, the findings of pulmonary sonography must be placed in the clinical context; sonography does not replace the gold standard of PCR diagnosis. |
| 32742146 | The randomized clinical trial (RCT) has long been recognized as the ‘gold standard’ for developing evidence for clinical treatments and vaccines; however, the successful implementation and translation of these findings is predicated upon external validity. |
| 32745829 | These calculations can account for the experimental observation that direct immobilization on gold gives sufficient exposure of the epitope to obtain a response in immunochemical assays. |
| 32752043 | The genetic screening, featuring the well-established Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), represents the gold standard for virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. |
| 32754967 | Currently, detection of the RNA from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the gold standard for establishing a COVID-19 diagnosis. |
| 32756614 | Using these sandwiched aptamers in ELISA and colloidal gold immunochromatographic strips, we were able to detect Np at the tens of pM level. |
| 32757745 | Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently gained attention because of their unique optical, physical and electrical properties. |
| 32759673 | Amplification of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the gold standard to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
| 32763640 | Gold Foundation). |
| 32767275 | TaqMan-based real-time RT-qPCR is currently the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. […] Both of the proposed assays are less sensitive than the current gold standard; however, our data shows a low sensibility variation, suggesting that these methods could be used by laboratories as a lower cost molecular method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. |
| 32770653 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard diagnostic test to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection, and although sensitivity can be improved with repeated testing, the decision to retest should incorporate clinical history and the local supply of diagnostic resources. |
| 32774639 | Real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the “gold standard” for the detection of SARS-COV-2. |
| 32777813 | Polymerase chain reaction-based assays are the current gold standard for detecting and diagnosing SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32788768 | The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction is the current gold standard diagnostic test and chest Computed Tomography scan for screening the disease is considered inappropriate by most society recommendations. |
| 32791207 | This study was performed to assess the necessity for the RNA extraction, by comparing the efficacy of RT-qPCR in several direct approaches versus the gold standard RNA extraction, in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in laboratory samples, as well as in clinical oro-nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 swabs. |
| 32792628 | Virus neutralization remains the gold standard for determining antibody efficacy. […] Here, we report on a fluorescence-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay that detects SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patient specimens and yields comparable results to plaque reduction neutralizing assay, the gold standard of serological testing. |
| 32800072 | As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic evolves and test strategies change, understanding the concepts of testing (gold standard and test performance measures) becomes essential. […] The challenge of any novel disease is that the gold standard has yet to be defined. […] We used published data on chest CT and RT-qPCR to examine the potential of latent class analysis to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of RT-qPCR when no single gold standard exists. |
| 32800517 | Kidney allograft biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of rejection. |
| 32804668 | The Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-Cov-2 Assay was used as gold standard. |
| 32813575 | Nucleic acid testing (NAT), with high sensitivity and specificity, is considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 32815744 | For example, real-time reverse transcription PCR is the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses. |
| 32816200 | Since there is no specific treatment available for SARS-CoV2 infection, and or COVID-19, several clinical and sub-clinical studies are currently undertaken to find a gold-standard therapeutic regimen with high efficacy and low side effect. |
| 32822689 | RT-qPCR based methods are the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection. |
| 32825737 | These nanomaterials include silver, gold, quantum dots, organic nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers and polymers. |
| 32826428 | We included studies that compared diagnostic performance strategies without introducing bias due to use of an imperfect gold standard. |
| 32826529 | Herein, we evaluate the staining performance of ISH for SARS-CoV-2 and an IHC directed at the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein and compare these results to a gold standard, tissue quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). |
| 32833548 | Nucleic acid detection techniques are the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32834621 | First, by using Renyi entropy, we analyze the multiscale entropy function in the return time series of Bitcoin, S&P500, WTI, Brent, Gas, Gold, Silver, and investor fear index represented by VIX. […] From a managerial perspective, we conclude that during the pandemic (i) portfolios composed of Bitcoin and Silver, Bitcoin and WTI, Bitcoin and Gold, Bitcoin and Brent, or Bitcoin and S&P500 could be risky, (ii) diversification opportunities exist by investing in portfolios composed of Gas and Silver, Gold and Silver, Gold and Gas, Brent and Silver, Brent and Gold, or Bitcoin and Gas, and that (iii) the VIX exhibited the lowest level of information disorder at all scales before and during the pandemic. |
| 32836413 | Globally, New Zealand has been perceived as setting the gold standard in ‘curve crushing’, and for a short period achieved Covid-free status. |
| 32837370 | •The gold return has a positive correlation with the stock markets, which amplifies during extreme bearish and bullish periods indicating that it does not behave as a “Safe Havens” asset. |
| 32837382 | This paper examines the causal relationship between crude oil and gold spot prices to assess how the economic impact of COVID-19 has affected them. […] We analyze West Texas Light crude oil (WTI) and gold prices from January 4, 2010, to May 4, 2020. […] We detect common periods of mild explosivity in WTI and gold markets. […] More importantly, we find a bilateral contagion effect of bubbles in oil and gold markets during the recent COVID-19 outbreak. |
| 32837587 | We focus on rapid, point-of-care technologies that can be deployed at scale, as such devices could be promising alternatives to the current gold standard of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic testing. |
| 32837896 | Future clinical trials on vitamin D should consider the sources of heterogeneity in the existing experimental research and design trials that account for baseline status, evaluate the potential for prevention and treatment in at risk populations, standardize dosing strategies, assess product quality, assess outcomes according to gold standard definitions/diagnostic methods, and delineate viral ARTI from other causes when possible. |
| 32837929 | Commencing with the discovery of coal in the 18th century, to gold and copper and base metals in the 19th century, to the world class iron ore, mineral sands and diamond mines of the 20th century to the current day, the paper will attempt to determine how and why an industry, formerly well-respected by the public, is considered to be a pariah in the eyes of many sections of society. |
| 32840148 | The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test is currently the gold standard for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). |
| 32844798 | Among them Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is the most popular and the “gold standard” testing method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 32844901 | A positive real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS CoV-2, from nasopharyngeal swabs, is the current gold standard diagnostic test for this virus and has sensitivity of 60-70%. |
| 32845122 | This probe is capable of engaging in energy transfer quenching with ACE2-conjugated gold nanoparticles to enable monitoring of the binding event in solution. |
| 32845192 | In the future, molecular diagnostics will still be the gold standard and next-generation sequencing can help us to understand more on the pathogenesis and detect novel mutations. |
| 32867855 | The successful experience of the “COVID-19 Helpline for Rare Bone Diseases” launched in Italy could serve as a primer of gold-standard remote care for rare bone diseases for the other European countries and globally. |
| 32868971 | Thereafter, the HIV pseudovirus was added to the treated substrates followed by addition of anti-HIV gp41 antibodies conjugated to selenium nanoparticle (SeNPs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). |
| 32874430 | It is noteworthy that reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is still gold standard for the diagnosis. |
| 32875819 | All suspected cases were submitted to deep nasal and throat swab for SARS COV-2 investigation by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test, adopted as gold standard. |
| 32882235 | The gold standard for diagnosis is the identification of viral genome targets by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory tract materials during the first week of symptoms. […] The identification of genetic material of the virus by RT-PCR is the gold standard test, but its sensitivity is not satisfactory. |
| 32882309 | Conjunctival swab remains the gold standard of tear collection for RT-PCR assay. |
| 32883050 | A total of ~200 coronavirus disease (CoVID-19)-suspected NHS patient samples were tested using the platform and it was shown to be reliable, highly specific and significantly more sensitive than the current gold standard qRT-PCR. |
| 32888905 | Although Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) of respiratory specimens is the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs causes discomfort to patients and may represent considerable risk for healthcare workers. |
| 32895587 | The gold standard for diagnosing COVID-19 is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. |
| 32895611 | Although the lack of evidence and guidelines about the management of patient with acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, at most preceded by PTGBD on high surgical risk patients, remains the gold standard for the treatment of acute cholecystitis on COVID-19 patients. |
| 32895631 | The COVID-19 pandemic exposes both conflict and cooperation in artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon. […] Reporting on the experiences of artisanal and small-scale gold miners (garimpeiros, in Brazilian Portuguese), we show how, on the one hand, the pandemic challenges an already precarious working system that could lead garimpeiros, often invisible to public policies, to positions of further vulnerability; and, on the other hand, highlights the capacity of garimpeiros to self-organize and navigate the difficulties by finding alternative solutions to cope with the crisis. |
| 32895985 | While the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in tissue sections has yet to be determined, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 SP alone without spike RNA suggests that cleaved SP may be present in cutaneous endothelial cells and eccrine epithelium, providing a potential pathogenetic mechanism of COVID-19 endotheliitis. |
| 32898875 | From a therapeutic stand point, there have been a variety of antibiotics, antifungals, and antiviral agents, better approaches to prevent sepsis, specific immunotherapy, for example, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); bundled approach to prevention of deep-line infection and better antibiotic stewardship, leading to earlier discontinuation of antibiotic therapy.Hand hygiene remains the benchmark and gold standard for late-onset sepsis prevention. |
| 32902237 | Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, it is not universally available and may have limitations in response times. |
| 32903849 | The present gold standard for sampling is the nasopharyngeal swab method. |
| 32905265 | The accuracy of device under study was compared against the gold standard patient monitoring systems used in intensive care units. |
| 32911317 | In this work, based on the principle of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), we develop an opto-microfluidic sensing platform with gold nanospikes, fabricated by electrodeposition, to detect the presence and amount of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in 1μL of human plasma diluted in 1mL of buffer solution, within ∼30min. […] The target antibody concentration can be correlated with the LSPR wavelength peak shift of gold nanospikes caused by the local refractive index change due to the antigen-antibody binding. |
| 32912236 | Conventional LFAs, such as gold nanoparticle dyed assays, are limited to approximately five targets-the maximum number of test lines on an assay. |
| 32915473 | Gold complexes have a long tradition in medicine and for many examples antirheumatic, anticancer or anti-infective effects have been confirmed. […] Herein, we evaluated the lead compound Auranofin and five selected gold organometallics as inhibitors of two relevant drug targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV). […] The gold metallodrugs were effective inhibitors of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor and might thus interfere with the viral entry process. […] The gold metallodrugs were also efficient inhibitors of the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, which is a key enzyme in the viral replication. […] Taken together, the results of this pilot study suggest further evaluation of gold complexes as SARS-CoV antiviral drugs. |
| 32915656 | To this respect, the gold drug auranofin seems a promising candidate, but some other clinically established metal compounds are worthy of a careful evaluation as well. |
| 32917729 | We found the Ortho Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Ig and IgG high throughput serological assays (HTSAs), as well as the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, quantify levels of antibodies that strongly correlate with nAb assays and are consistent with gold-standard ELISA assay results. |
| 32921701 | Amplification of viral RNA by RT-PCR represents the gold standard for confirmation of infection, yet it showed false-negative rates as large as 15-20% which may jeopardize the effect of the restrictive measures taken by governments. |
| 32922210 | Even though a definitive treatment for COVID-19 has not yet been found, large RCTs stand as the Gold Standards for COVID-19 therapy and offer a solid scientific base on which to base treatment decisions. |
| 32935535 | RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis, although it can have false negative results. |
| 32941461 | We conducted a prospective observational study to evaluate the performance of two POC tests, COVID-PRESTO® and COVID-DUO®, compared to the gold standard, RT-PCR (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). |
| 32942766 | Granger causality analysis reveals causal associations between selected stock market returns and Philadelphia Gold/Silver Index. |
| 32943228 | Compared to the reference laboratory gold standard, sensitivity of the Coronavirus Typing assay for SARS-CoV-2 was 100% (95% CI 93.2-100%), specificity 99.8% (95% CI 99.1-100%), positive predictive value 98.1% (95% CI 90.2-99.7%) and negative predictive value 100% (95% CI 99.4-100%). |
| 32945214 | RT-PCR assays are diagnosis gold standard; however, they can lead to false-negative results. |
| 32957073 | During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency, the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosis is the detection of viral RNA. |
| 32966064 | Although nucleic acid detection methods such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are the gold standard, during the current pandemic, the deployment of RT-PCR tests has been extremely slow, and key reagents such as PCR primers and RNA extraction kits are at critical shortages. |
| 32970782 | Highly specific in-house ELISAs were developed for the detection of anti-spike (S), -receptor binding domain (RBD) and -nucleocapsid (N) antibodies and used for the cross-comparison of ten commercial serological assays-a chemiluminescence-based platform, two ELISAs and seven colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs)-on an identical panel of 110 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples and 50 pre-pandemic negatives. |
| 32973638 | VCP was compared to a gold-standard psychotherapy treatment for PDA, which was delivered either in person or in videoconference, with a strict tolerance criterion of about 2 points on the primary outcome measure. |
| 32979256 | We have assessed the Xiamen AmonMed Biotechnology COVID-19 IgM/IgG test kit (Colloidal gold) and the EUROIMMUN benchtop assay with serum samples from patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 disease. […] For the colloid gold rapid test and the EUROIMMUN assay, the study indicated overall sensitivity of 15.2% and 67.4%, respectively, while specificity of 99.0% and 97.9% with the blood donor sera, as well as 100% and 96.8% with the EBV-patients, were observed, respectively. |
| 32979475 | The CDC protocol for SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR diagnosis (2019-nCoV CDC kit) is considered a gold standard worldwide; based on three different FAM probes (N1 and N2 for viral detection; RP for RNA extraction quality control), three reactions per sample are needed for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. |
| 32982600 | The basis for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 is not just the detection of viral nucleic acids as the gold standard. |
| 32987722 | Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay is the gold standard recommended to test for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 32989986 | We demonstrate that a colorimetric biosensor based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) interaction induced by SARS-CoV-2 lends itself as an outstanding tool for detecting viral particles in nasal and throat swabs. […] The extinction spectrum of a colloidal solution of multiple viral-target gold nanoparticles-AuNPs functionalized with antibodies targeting three surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (spike, envelope, and membrane)-is red-shifted in few minutes when mixed with a solution containing the viral particle. […] The optical density of the mixed solution measured at 560 nm was compared to the threshold cycle (Ct) of a real-time PCR (gold standard for detecting the presence of viruses) finding that the colorimetric method is able to detect very low viral load with a detection limit approaching that of the real-time PCR. |
| 32990479 | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is the gold standard method for diagnosis of COVID-19 in the context of CRS but assay performance varies and is susceptible to false-negative results even as patients clinically deteriorate due to decreased viral shedding in the setting of CRS. |
| 32994651 | The main financial markets in the Iranian Economy include the stock exchange, foreign exchange, oil, and gold markets. […] The results showed that the oil price had a low co-movement with the other three markets, i.e. stock exchange, exchange rate, and gold markets. […] Between the exchange rate and gold price, the gold price was identified as the leading variable. […] While the exchange rate and gold price did not show a significant co-movement in stable conditions, they did show a significant co-movement in unstable conditions, as in times of sanctions or during a global pandemic and thus influenced the investors’ portfolio risk. […] Based on this result, the policymakers can, especially during crises and unstable conditions, control the gold market and make it more stable by managing the foreign exchange market. |
| 32998840 | Multiple polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard diagnostic investigation for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). |
| 33002409 | Pathogen determination through blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis but has limitations due to low sensitivity. |
| 33012989 | Here, we report a simple colorimetric strategy derived from linker-based single-component assembly of gold nanoparticle core-spherical nucleic acids (AuNP-coreSNAs) for visual detection of PCR products of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) template. |
| 33013745 | While live virus-based neutralization assays are used as gold standard serological methods to detect and measure nAbs, handling of highly pathogenic live CoVs requires strict bio-containment conditions in biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratories. |
| 33014893 | Colloidal gold immunochromatography assay was used to detect serum N protein antibodies in the above populations. |
| 33020043 | Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for confirmation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) despite having many disadvantages. |
| 33021051 | Despite being the gold-standard for the treatment of selected individuals with severe obesity, there is scarce information on whether or not bariatric surgery modifies the prognosis of people living with obesity in the current COVID-19 pandemic. |
| 33025305 | Endomyocardial biopsy represents the diagnostic gold standard for its diagnosis but is infrequently used. |
| 33027775 | Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been identified as a gold standard test with Chest CT and Chest Radiography showing promising results as well. |
| 33031049 | Gold standard methods, such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses are unsuitable due to their narrow scope and high time-consumption. |
| 33032666 | Simulation-based training as the ‘gold standard’ for medical education has limitations that prevent widespread adoption outside suitably resourced centres. |
| 33032981 | Chest computed tomography (CT) continues to play an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease due to shortcomings of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test, which is the gold standard in the diagnosis of this disease. |
| 33034142 | Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, laryngoscopy was the mandatory gold standard for the accurate assessment and diagnosis of inducible laryngeal obstruction. […] The consensus recommendations will also be potentially relevant to other future situations where access to laryngoscopy is restricted, although we emphasize that this investigation remains the gold standard. |
| 33039612 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold-standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, but several practical issues limit the test use. |
| 33045362 | While nucleic acid based tests are considered to be more sensitive with respect to serological tests but present gold standard qRT-PCR-based assays possess limitations such as low sample throughput, requirement for sophisticated reagents and instrumentation. |
| 33046317 | The incoming parameters of the blood chemistry and radiology investigations and the timing of the gold - tracheal intubation were compared. |
| 33050240 | In just three decades, NMR has become a “gold standard” platform technology in medical and pharmacology studies. |
| 33051732 | Sensitivity and specificity of chest CT in detecting COVID-19 in its various phases was compared using RT-PCR as a gold standard. […] A “reverse calculation approach” was applied and treated chest CT as a hypothetical gold standard and compared RT-PCR to it point out the flaw of the standard approach. |
| 33052811 | We compared patients with more than one COVID-19 test for diagnostic accuracy against the gold standard of chart review. |
| 33052813 | We measured LUS diagnostic performance using computed tomography as the gold standard. |
| 33058837 | Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) is regarded as a gold-standard method for the diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 33059400 | Even if protective mechanical ventilation is currently the gold standard for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome, tracheal intubation is not without risks and is associated with delirium, hemodynamic instability, immobilization and post intensive care syndrome. |
| 33061486 | Using the swab as the reference gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of saliva were 73.1% (95% CI 52.2-88.4%) and 97.6% (95% CI 95.5-98.9%) while the positive and negative predictive values were 67.9% (95% CI 51.5-80.8%) and 98.1% (95% CI 96.5-99.0%), respectively. |
| 33061518 | Colonoscopy is a gold standard for screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). |
| 33067888 | A SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM combined antibody test strip based on colloidal gold immunochromatography assay was developed, with both spike protein and nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 antigen used for antibody detection. |
| 33070578 | Molecular techniques are the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 33070766 | RT-PCR is the gold standard, but can be false-negative. 119 residents and 93 staff members were tested with RT-PCR test and/or a rapid IgM/IgG test. |
| 33071210 | In order to test the effectiveness of LDH/Lymphocyte ratio for COVID-19 for diagnostic purposes, CT results were considered as gold standard. […] LDH/Lymphocyte ratio was analyzed in terms of diagnosis and mortality with using specific CT involvement as gold standard method which was found to be a more sensitive due to PCR false negativity; 0.06 and 0.21 were obtained as cut off values for diagnosis and mortality. |
| 33073258 | The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is detection of viral RNA through PCR. |
| 33073982 | The diagnostic tool achieved 100% consistency with the “gold standard” polymerase chain reaction in detecting 54 real clinical samples. |
| 33079698 | The rRT-PCR test, the current gold standard for the detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents with known shortcomings, such as long turnaround time, potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates around 15-20%, and expensive equipment. |
| 33080090 | Approximately 25% of the sample acquired a gun or other weapon in response to the pandemic and approximately 20% of participants stockpiled gold or other precious metals. |
| 33081710 | Using repeated RT-PCR as a “gold standard”, the sensitivity and specificity of a single novel test were 80 and 73% respectively. |
| 33083156 | Among all detection methods, rRT-PCR is the gold standard method. |
| 33083395 | Nucleic acid testing of respiratory tract specimens for SARS-CoV-2 is the current gold standard for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). |
| 33084260 | The gold standard for diagnosis of the COVID-19 infection is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. |
| 33092065 | RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal (NPS)/oropharyngeal swabs is the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load monitoring. |
| 33095209 | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard in COVID-19 diagnostics, which determines if a person has an active infection. |
| 33098417 | PRNT is the gold-standard test for identifying NAbs but it cannot be used for large-scale testing of populations. |
| 33098427 | Current gold-standard nucleic acid tests are hampered by supply shortages in critical reagents including nasal swabs, RNA extraction kits, personal protective equipment, instrumentation, and labor. |
| 33100614 | The gold-standard RT-qPCR test for the virus is relatively expensive and takes time, so combining multiple samples into “pools” that are tested together has emerged as a useful way to test many individuals with less than one test per person. |
| 33100925 | Before (during) the pandemic daily volatilities of Bitcoin, Ethereum, gold, and the S&P500 are 3.44% (9.11%), 4.34% (10.96%), 0.89% (2.19%), and 1.27% (6.07%), respectively. |
| 33102170 | Of the 12 validated RDTs, the IgM/IgG duo kit with non-colloidal gold labelling system was reported to elicit the highest sensitivity (98% - 100%) and specificity (98% - 99% for IgG and 96% - 99% for IgM). |
| 33104899 | It was found that assay sensitivity of the RT-ddPCR was not affected by the total NA background while assay sensitivity of the gold standard RT-PCR assay is drastically decreased when SARS-CoV-2 copies were detected in a background of total NA extract compared with water. |
| 33106856 | While TBCA is not meant to replace gold-standard, face-to-face evaluation, if appropriately utilized, it can expand scope of practice, particularly when barriers to standard neuropsychological assessment occur. |
| 33112762 | As there were no gold-standard pandemic surveillance ontologies, we conducted a rapid Delphi consensus exercise through the International Medical Informatics Association Primary Health Care Informatics working group and extended networks. |
| 33114061 | In light of these results, the full autopsy can be considered as the gold standard to investigate unknown infections or pathogens resulting in death. |
| 33115440 | While current laboratory-based centralized RT-qPCR will continue to serve as a gold standard diagnostic into the foreseeable future, the shortcomings of our dependence on this method have been laid bare. |
| 33116898 | We estimated sensitivity, specificity, the proportion of asymptomatic cases (1 - sensitivity), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of COVID-19 symptoms as a marker of infection using results of the SARS-CoV-2 test as the “gold standard”. |
| 33118021 | However, with the December 2019 arrival of COVID-19 in China, the world subsequently went into a frenzied state that resulted in widespread adoption of untested strategies or potential cures; circumstantial evidence provided without randomized control trials (RCTs) was published rapidly and widely considered the gold standard in medical research and therapeutics. |
| 33122245 | In advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients the imperative to achieve complete surgical cytoreduction remains gold standard, irrespective of surgical timing, for best survival benefit. |
| 33122853 | Here, we report antibody and antibody-avidity assays, relying on near-infrared-fluorescence amplification by nanostructured plasmonic gold substrates, for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to the S1 subunit of the spike protein and to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and saliva, and for quantifying immunoglobulin avidities against coronavirus antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and the common-cold viruses OC43, HKU1, NL63 and 229E. |
| 33123144 | Although RT-PCR remains the gold standard, it is a time-consuming procedure, paving the way for newer techniques such as serologic tests and enzyme immunoassays. |
| 33130151 | Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is considered the “gold standard” for the direct diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. |
| 33132795 | The gold standard for detection of an active SARS-CoV‑2 infection is the direct detection of the pathogen with nucleic acid amplification techniques. |
| 33133697 | The gold standard reverse transcription polymerase chain (RT-PCR) has also been upgraded with point-of-care rapid tests. |
| 33136068 | The quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33137122 | Whilst specificity of standard RT-LAMP assays appears to be satisfactory, sensitivity does not reach the current gold-standard quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays yet. |
| 33137168 | Currently, purification of RNA from patient samples followed by RT-PCR is the gold standard to assess the presence of this single-strand RNA virus. |
| 33138663 | Considering the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal swab sampling as gold standard, the sensitivity of GCF and saliva, respectively, was 63.64% (confidence interval [CI], 45.1% to 79.60%) and 64.52% (CI, 45.37% to 80.77%). |
| 33138856 | Notably IgM POCT FIA method vs CLIA method (gold standard) has a low sensitivity (0.526), while IgG POCT FIA method vs CLIA method (gold standard) test has a much higher sensitivity (0.937); further, with respect of IgG, FIA and CLIA could arguably provide equivalent information. |
| 33139998 | Although CT is not the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, it nonetheless is a convenient and fast method, and its application can be deployed in community hospitals. |
| 33144890 | The gold standard for detection of an active SARS-CoV‑2 infection is the direct detection of the pathogen with nucleic acid amplification techniques. |
| 33145663 | The CTPA was used as the gold standard for the detection of PE. |
| 33146552 | The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Science Committee used established methods for literature review to present an overview of the management of patients with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| 33154251 | The sensitivity and specificity of the SD Biosensor were calculated considering the ICMR-NIV kit as the gold standard. |
| 33156298 | In hospitals, blood is still the gold standard in diagnostics, but outside hospitals saliva is used more and more. |
| 33160015 | Although other diagnostic methods have been introduced, detection of viral genes on oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse-transcription real time-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays is still the gold standard. |
| 33161427 | Compared to the gold-standard combined ELISA+immunofluorescence, the MEDsan IgG rapid diagnostic test performed accurately. |
| 33173705 | In the absence of a “gold standard” treatment, the rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine is considered the most promising way to control the pandemic. |
| 33174446 | The study design was cross-sectional and involved lung resections from 39 patients in total, which included 19 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I or GOLD stage II COPD, of which 9 were current smokers with COPD (COPD-CS) and 10 were ex-smokers with COPD (COPD-ES), 10 were normal lung function smokers, and 10 were never-smoking normal controls. |
| 33180027 | Most of the scientifically tested apps are based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles, which are considered the gold standard for the treatment of most mental health problems. |
| 33180423 | In the other group, 91 plasma samples were analyzed by colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for IgG and IgM antibodies and 35 healthy plasma samples were served as controls. |
| 33184753 | The recombinant proteins with the highest ELISA titers (rS1 and rS-RBD-mFc) were selected to develop a double-antigen sandwich colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) to detect total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33187329 | clozapine (CLZ) use is precarious due to its neurological, cardiovascular, and hematological side effects; however, it is the gold standard in therapy-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) in adults and is underused. to examine the most recent CLZ data on (a) side effects concerning (b) recent pharmacological mechanisms, (c) therapy benefits, and (d) the particularities of the COVID-19 pandemic. a search was performed in two databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using the specific keywords “clozapine” and “schizophrenia”, “side effects”, “agranulocytosis”, “TRS”, or “bipolar affective disorder (BAF)” for the last ten years. clinical trials on adults with acute symptoms of schizophrenia or related disorders. we selected 37 studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and clinical case series (CCS), centered on six main topics in the search area: (a) CLZ in schizophrenia, (b) CLZ in bipolar disorder, (c) side effects during the clozapine therapy, (d) CLZ in pregnancy, (e) CLZ in early-onset schizophrenia, and (f) CLZ therapy and COVID-19 infection. we considered RCTs and CCS from two databases, limited to the search topics. |
| 33187528 | Performance characteristics of the rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection test should be evaluated and compared with the gold standard real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for diagnosis of COVID-19 cases. |
| 33189137 | We carried out an evaluation of the clinical performance of “AccuPower SARS-CoV-2 Real Time RT-PCR kit” (Bioneer, South Korea) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using 2019-nCoV CDC EUA kit (IDT, USA) as a gold standard. 48 clinical specimens were included on the study, 38 tested SARS-CoV-2 positive and 10 SARS-CoV-2 negative for 2019-nCoV CDC EUA kit. |
| 33191967 | Deeper understanding of the gold-standard hierarchical organisation of defence mechanisms could help increase utilisation of specific therapeutic interventions for enhancing changes from immature to mature defensive responses to stressful experiences as the COVID-19 pandemic progresses. |
| 33192159 | In some instances, CT scan based diagnosis has been found to have better sensitivity than RT-PCR, which is currently the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. |
| 33197713 | While reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is the most commonly utilized test and considered the current gold standard for diagnosis, the role of chest imaging has been highlighted by several studies demonstrating high sensitivity of computed tomography (CT). |
| 33200006 | Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of specimens from the upper and/or lower respiratory tract is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| 33204038 | At the same time, new entrants released data that are sometimes at odds with gold standard releases. |
| 33204191 | According to the World Health Organization (WHO), alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) are regarded as the “gold standard” for hand disinfection in healthcare facilities. |
| 33207437 | We used RT-PCR to detect pathogens and colloidal gold to detect antibodies. |
| 33216120 | Clinical trials are the gold standard for generating reliable medical evidence. |
| 33219449 | Currently, nucleic acid-based molecular diagnosis (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test) is considered the gold standard for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33220699 | Although the current gold standard diagnostic test for this virus is real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the occasional false-negative and the low sensitivity of the test should not be underestimated. |
| 33225097 | This study also aimed to provide a gold standard template for orthodontic practices to aid in the delivery of information on a digital platform during the current (COVID-19) pandemic and future possible spikes. |
| 33226815 | In this research, through the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized by different groups, such as 3-mercaptoethylsulfonate (Mes), undecanesulfonic acid (Mus), octanethiol (Ot), and a new peptide, to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was investigated. |
| 33236268 | Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 as gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were determined. |
| 33239382 | Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) technology is the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. |
| 33242972 | Immunochromatographic assay results were always confirmed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM+IgA antibodies as the gold standard. |
| 33254254 | The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has stated that pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is the most effective therapeutic intervention to reduce dyspnoea and to improve physical performance and quality of life for patients with obstructive lung disease.New innovative studies raised in the area of PR:1) Pulmonary fibrosis & asthma bronchiale - While PR is recommended for chronic respiratory diseases other than COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in the respective disease-specific treatment guidelines, PR in some pathologies is underrated. |
| 33254928 | It is reviewed that nanomaterials e.g. gold nanostructures, lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles (NPs), graphene and iron oxide NPs can be potentially used to develop advanced techniques offered by colorimetric, amperometric, impedimetric, fluorescence, and optomagnetic based biosensing of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33268295 | Anatomist and medical professionals considered cadaver dissection as the gold standard for teaching and learning anatomy in detail. |
| 33271751 | After sequential high-throughput screening by LibDock and GOLD, docking optimization by CDOCKER, and final scoring by calculating binding energies, top-ranked compounds NuBBE-1970 and NuBBE-242 were further investigated via an indepth molecular-docking and molecular-dynamics simulation of 60 ns, which revealed that the binding of these two compounds with active site residues of NSP15 was sufficiently strong and stable. |
| 33278110 | RNA PCR from the upper respiratory tract remains the gold standard for detection of infection with SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33278737 | We evaluated Viasure RT-qPCR kit (CerTest Biotec, Spain) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using FDA EUA 2019-nCoV CDC kit (IDT, USA) as a gold standard. |
| 33281082 | Although nucleic acid testing of SARS-CoV-2 is still the gold standard for diagnosis, there are well-recognized early-detection problems including time-consuming in the diagnosis process, noticeable false-negative rate in the early stage and lacking nucleic acid testing kits in some areas. |
| 33285451 | Also, preliminary manikin tests demonstrated that the new ETT can deliver similar performance in terms of air pressure and air volume when compared with the current gold standard ETT. |
| 33289117 | Molecular SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics based on nucleic acids (NA) derived from oro- or nasopharyngeal swabs constitute the current gold standard. |
| 33289143 | Serological detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody is usually limited to immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG and total antibodies, comprising IgA, IgM and IgG.IgA antibodies are less frequently used for SARS-CoV-2 detection as IgM and IgG-based assays are the gold standard for serological diagnosis. |
| 33291791 | This laboratory finding could help to identify patients at high-risk of COVID-19 in the setting where gold standard diagnostic methods are not available. |
| 33295064 | Few methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 currently have the capability to simultaneously detect two genes in a single test, which is a key measure to improve detection accuracy, as adopted by the gold standard RT-qPCR method. |
| 33302062 | We apply this systems approach to the Gold Coast, one of Australia’s premier tourist destinations and home to a vibrant whale-watching industry. |
| 33303174 | Specific anti-SARS immunoglobulins were revealed by a colorimetric probe formed by N and gold nanoparticles. |
| 33303323 | Recently, DNA-modifying enzymes (Taq DNA polymerase, Phi29 DNA polymerase) have been widely used for the diagnosis of virus or pathogenic disease by gold standard (PCR, qPCR, RT-qPCR) methods, therefore, alternative methods have been reviewed. […] However, the immobilization of biologically active proteins on a gold carrier technique with the ability to detect viral or bacterial nucleic acids is individual for each DNA-modifying enzyme group, due to a different number of active sites, C and N terminal locations and arrangement, therefore, individual protocols based on the ‘masking’ of active sites should be elaborated for each enzyme. |
| 33306959 | CRISPR diagnostics can augment gold-standard PCR-based testing if they can be made rapid, portable, and accurate. |
| 33308664 | Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a molecular test, has become the gold standard for diagnosis of covid-19; however, this test has many limitations that include potential false negative results, changes in diagnostic accuracy over the disease course, and precarious availability of test materials. |
| 33308845 | Combining PCR tests (gold standard) with antibodies tests proved useful as a diagnostic strategy. |
| 33308935 | The mortality rate in ventilated patients is high despite the application of the gold standard treatment (protective ventilation, curare, prone position, inhaled NO). |
| 33314245 | Sputum induction (SI) is the gold standard approach to the non-invasive study of airway inflammation. |
| 33316043 | The unparalleled volume of available genetic data presents a unique opportunity to gain real-time insights into the virus transmission during the pandemic, but also a daunting computational hurdle if analyzed with gold-standard phylogeographic approaches. |
| 33326307 | This article draws on the experience of the China NMPA in evaluating diagnostic reagents used to supplement the gold standard test method in the early stage of an epidemic of an infectious disease, as well as to serve as reference for clinicians and regulators. |
| 33334689 | Microvascular free flaps, reported to be the gold standard for surgical reconstruction, represent extremely specialized procedures necessitating an extended resource allocation not affordable in the adversities of the period. |
| 33338082 | The majority of these protocols are based on the gold-standard RT-qPCR test pioneered by the U.S. |
| 33341098 | Names of included apps were searched on four literature databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) to determine which apps had been validated against gold standard methods. |
| 33342643 | At present, the real-time (quantitative) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. |
| 33344605 | The deviation of the nucleic acid test by throat swab (the current gold standard of COVID-19) caused by variation in sampling techniques and reagent kits and coupled with nonspecific clinical manifestations make confirmation of the suspected cases difficult. |
| 33350352 | Appendectomy remains the gold standard for treating uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis. |
| 33350504 | With the rise of opioid deaths and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) being the “gold standard,” evidence lacks the quality of life for those on Methadone. |
| 33357618 | The RT-PCR technique was the gold standard method for testing for infection with the virus. |
| 33364438 | The gold standard care for delirium management is achieved using multicomponent interventions. |
| 33371898 | Reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33374492 | Real-time reverse transcription (RT) PCR is the gold standard for detecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), owing to its sensitivity and specificity, thereby meeting the demand for the rising number of cases. |
| 33376330 | Fourteen of the most popular colloidal silver products purchased from Amazon (www.amazon.com) were evaluated using state-of-the-art analytical techniques widely accepted as gold standards for investigating the properties (size, shape) and the dispersion of silver nanoparticles. |
| 33376950 | IgM/IgG antibody kits (colloidal gold) were used to conduct preliminary screening of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies in serum samples of children who presented to Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, having fever or requiring hospitalization, from March 2020 to August 2020. |
| 33379001 | Currently, reverse transcription quantitative qPCR (RT-qPCR) is used as the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33387561 | The gold standard method in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the detection of viral RNA in the nasopharyngeal sample by RT-PCR. |
| 33394144 | RT-qPCR assay is considered to be the gold standard for the early detection of virus, but this protocol has limited application to use as bedside test because of its technical complexity. |
| 33394313 | Autopsies remain the gold standard for determining the cause of death. |
| 33396792 | Currently, different types of diagnostic testing have been adopted globally, such as nucleic acid detection tests, immunological tests and imaging approaches; however, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the “gold standard” for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
| 33398237 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the gold standard method for microbiology and virology testing, suffers from both false-negative and false-positive results arising from the detection limit, contamination of samples/templates, exponential DNA amplification, and variation of viral ribonucleic acid sequences within a single individual during the course of the infection. |
| 33410826 | The best strategy to handle this situation seems to rely on a triad of detection methods: (i) highly sensitive and specific techniques as the gold standard method, (ii) easier and faster point of care tests accessible for large population screening, and (iii) serology assays to complement the direct detection and to use for surveillance. […] Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is undoubtedly the gold standard technique utilized not only for diagnostics, but also as a standard for comparison and validation of newer approaches. |
| 33411805 | We retrospectively analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody positive rates in 63,107 healthy individuals from WH and other places of China using commercial colloidal gold detection kits from March 6 to May 3, 2020. |
| 33412818 | R5 was considered the gold standard. excess of deaths from any cause in the Italian provinces between 1 March and 4 April; relative risk (RR); permutation p-values; permutation-based adjusted relative risk; population coverage. the results of this study, which are based on two different test statistics, identify 17 and 33 provinces (out of 103) with increased overall mortality, respectively, controlling the family-wise error rate at 0.05 level. |
| 33417696 | Neutralizing capacity was assessed for 50% (PRNT50) and 90% (PRNT90) reduction of infectious virus using the gold standard plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). |
| 33418105 | Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)-based detection platforms are contemplated to be the gold standard to detect viral RNA. |
| 33419461 | Of the four surveillance strategies to be assessed and compared, Strategy A1 is considered the gold standard for prevalence estimation and used to determine bias in other arms. |
| 33419929 | In-person interactions have traditionally been the gold standard for qualitative data collection. |
| 33422083 | Performance of many SARS-CoV-2 rtRT-PCR assays is not entirely known due to the lack of a gold standard. |
| 33424144 | International Guidelines have voted for PCR as the Gold Standard in COVID diagnosis. |
| 33425283 | Gold, silver, copper, zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles are effective against coronavirus. |
| 33425689 | Before the Pandemic period announcement by WHO, Europe was hit by the gold market, EUR/USD exchange rate, Dow Jones index, Switzerland, Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and Turkey and after the announcement by WHO, only France and Germany were selected by the lasso approach. |
| 33426468 | Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been the gold standard to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
| 33428634 | Many sequencing methods are fast evolving to reduce test turn-around-time and to increase through-put compared to Sanger sequencing method; however, Sanger sequencing remains the gold standard for clinical research sequencing with its 99.99% accuracy This study sought to generate sequence data of SARS-CoV-2 using Sanger sequencing method and to characterize them for possible site(s) of mutations. |
| 33428641 | Real-time RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction), used to amplify and detect the viral RNA., is considered, as the current gold standard for diagnostics. |
| 33428900 | Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide. |
| 33432268 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) represents the diagnostic gold standard. |
| 33432534 | The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is currently a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33433081 |
The aim of this study was to use the 3D imaging software, ITK-SNAP as a platform to define a gold standard for anatomically accurate boundaries of the nasal airway in 3D CBCT and to create a more reliable and precise 3D CBCT segmentation of the nasal airway for assisting diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of nasal airway obstruction and OSAS. […] After review of the literature to identify established parameters using CBCT and CT technology for the segmentation of the nasal airway, and the existing drawbacks, a gold standard for locating the anatomical boundaries of the nasal airway using CBCT is proposed. […] The mean average Hounsfield unit intensity using the CBCT samples in this study was 629 with a standard deviation of 190. Conclusion: The literature indicates a lack of a gold standard using CBCT technology for the segmentation of the nasal airway. |
| 33434663 | The gold standard for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 is reverse transcription followed by qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); however, the role of viral load quantification has not been thoroughly investigated yet. |
| 33434671 | This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of the Isopollo COVID-19 detection kit (M Monitor, South Korea) for reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, using the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol as the gold standard. |
| 33434777 | By exciting toroidal dipole mode using our quasi-infinite metasurface and a judiciously optimized protocol based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with the specific monoclonal antibody specific to spike protein (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the metasurface, the resonance shifts for diverse concentrations of the spike protein are monitored. |
| 33437132 | The proposed solution can be used as one element of patient evaluation along with gold-standard clinical and laboratory testing. |
| 33450853 |
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| 33458697 | In addition, the research considers the top five other tax revenue sources like S&P500 (GPSC), Crude oil (CL = F), Gold (GC = F), Silver (SI = F), Natural Gas (NG = F), iShares 20 + Year Treasury Bond (TLT), and correlate with the COVID-19. |
| 33466537 | Due to the steadily rising case numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections worldwide, there is an increasing need for reliable rapid diagnostic devices in addition to existing gold standard PCR methods. |
| 33467501 | The virus detection in saliva compared to a nasopharyngeal sample (gold standard) was 51.9% (95% CI: 46.3%-57.4%) and increased to 91.6% (95% CI: 86.7%-96.5%) when the cycle threshold (Ct) was ≤ 30. |
| 33468332 | Real time PCR detection of COVID19 is the gold standard method, however, has certain shortcomings in terms of availability of infrastructure, reagents, consumables, and technical expertise. |
| 33471219 | Precision and recall of the radiologist alone and radiologist assisted by AI were calculated in comparison to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the gold standard. |
| 33476971 | Auto-Continuous positive airway pressure (Auto-CPAP) is a modality of respiratory ventilation used as gold standart in the treatment of OSA. |
| 33481575 | Existing gold standard nucleic acid-based approaches require enzymatic amplification to achieve clinically relevant levels of sensitivity and are not typically used outside of a laboratory setting. |
| 33484220 | The SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody test kit (colloidal gold method) was developed. […] The sensitivities of the SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody test kit (colloidal gold method) were 50%, 70%, 92.5% and 97.5% after 1-3 days, 4-6 days, 7-9 days and >9 days of admission, respectively, and the specificities of the IgM, IgG and IgM + IgG antibodies were all 100%. […] Using the SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody test kit (colloidal gold method), the positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies increased from 50% to 92.5% after 1-3 days, 4-6 days and 7-9 days of admission, which showed an increasing trend. |
| 33485902 | Among test methods, real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR) is considered the gold standard. |
| 33489103 | Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by Chemiluminescence and Gold immnnochromatography (GICA). |
| 33489730 | The diagnostic accuracy of LUS is higher than chest X-ray and similar to computed tomography, which is considered the gold standard. |
| 33489731 | The “gold” standard radiological method for the diagnosis of the lung findings in COVID-19 patients is known to be the chest high-resolution computed tomography. |
| 33493541 | Only 1.3% of patients required transfer to other units due to the impossibility of providing gold standard neurosurgical care in our centre. |
| 33495692 | This approach relies on targeting the virus using ACE-2-functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs) followed by irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light for the selective eradication of SARS-CoV-2 without off-target effects, i.e., targeted plasmonic photothermal therapy. |
| 33495747 | Today, real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR test is the major diagnostic practice as a gold standard method for accurate diagnosis of this disease. |
| 33496577 | The method was validated by two independent laboratories, and the performance to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans was in the same range as obtained using the gold standard immunoassays ELISA and Luminex, though requiring only a fraction of consumables, instrumentation, time to deliver results, and volume of sample. |
| 33500453 | The gold standard protocol for diagnosis by the Word Health Organization (WHO) is RT-PCR. |
| 33500623 | Currently, the “gold standard” is real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the viral DNA for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. |
| 33504593 | NP swabs remain the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, although alternative specimens are promising. |
| 33518851 | Apart from the gold standard clinical diagnostics, electrochemical techniques have also demonstrated their great potentials in the detection of different viruses and their correlated antibodies and antigens, showing high sensitivities and selectivities, and faster times for the analysis. |
| 33519091 | The POCT system contains colloidal gold-based lateral flow immunoassay test strips, homemade portable reader, and certified reference materials, which detected anti-N and anti-S-RBD IgG/IgM objectively in serum within 15 min. |
| 33520676 | A significant amplitude of an alternation was especially observed for the mixture of S protein with gold ≥30 nm of gold size implying the reproduction of pH induced reversible protein folding. […] The Up conformation or dimerization of S protein are considered to be connected to the other gold nano particles forming gold nano-particle aggregates. |
| 33524996 | Vaccinations are the gold-standard in order to prevent dangerous infectious diseases. |
| 33525236 | A gold standard of triage does not exist for the adult or paediatric population. |
| 33525651 | Containment strategies rely firstly on rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis, with molecular detection of the viral genome in respiratory samples being the gold standard. |
| 33527409 | Here, we assessed the performance of a rapid antigen test in comparison to a real-time qualitative PCR as gold standard. […] Considering the poor sensitivity of the method, real-time PCR remains the gold standard as front line screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| 33530774 | COVID-19 serology was assessed by colloidal gold assay. |
| 33532847 | The current gold standard is to perform reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal samples. |
| 33537322 | NAT testing is considered to be the diagnostic “gold standard”; at present there are few reviews on NAT for SARS-CoV-2. |
| 33537657 | = 0.99) agreement to “gold standard” gas chromatography. |
| 33539086 | Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a rapid and inexpensive isothermal alternative to the current gold standard reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). |
| 33539846 | Limitations of the gold standard qRT-PCR for diagnosis of this infection includes need for expensive equipment, specialized molecular laboratory, and experienced staff. |
| 33539890 | FunCoup 5 now includes 22 species from all domains of life, and the source data for evidences, gold standards, and genomes have been updated to the latest available versions. |
| 33540323 | Molecular tests are the current gold standard for COVID-19 detection, but are carried out at central laboratories, delaying treatment and control decisions. […] When applied to clinical samples (10 confirmed COVID-19 patients; 10 controls), the rapid CODA test accurately classified COVID-19 status, in concordance with gold-standard clinical diagnostics. |
| 33542626 | In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of different types of vacuum collection tubes on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies, using the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA). […] In addition, the particle sizes of different colloidal gold solutions in the presence of different anticoagulants and coagulants were evaluated by both laser diffraction (Malvern) and confocal laser microscope, respectively. , but not by sodium citrate, lithium heparin and coagulants. anticoagulated plasma was more suitable for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. |
| 33544007 | After an intravenous bolus of enoximone 20 mg followed by 10 mg/h via perfusor, a rapid symptomatic relief was observed: two out of four patients recovered within a few hours, the other two (with comorbid COPD GOLD II/III) responded within 24-36 h. |
| 33552376 | All cohort studies compared screening strategies to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the gold standard. |
| 33554994 | The present study investigated ultraviolet-induced in situ gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coupled with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of two major infectious pathogens, namely, Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium spp.). […] In the process, gold ions in a gold chloride (HAuCl4) solution were reduced using trisodium citrate (Na3Ct), a reducing agent, and upon UV illumination, red-colored AuNPs were produced in the presence of LAMP amplicons. […] The nitrogenous bases of the target deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) acted as a physical support for capturing gold ions dissolved in the sample. […] The high affinity of gold with the nitrogenous bases enabled facile detection within 10 min, and the detection limit of COVID-19 plasmid DNA was as low as 42 fg μL-1. |
| 33555520 | During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was impossible to obtain the gold standard for respiratory effort, esophageal manometry, in every patient. |
| 33556612 | Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection. |
| 33558047 | In order to deal with the current pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus several serological immunoassays have been recently developed with the objective of being used as a complementary diagnostic tool and to support the RT-PCR technique currently considered the “gold-standard” method. |
| 33566082 | Manual chart review revealed discrepancies even in the gold-standard outcomes, possibly due to heterogeneous pandemic conditions. |
| 33570401 | The methodology we have described herein utilizes DNA-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a universal colorimetric readout and can specifically target ORF1ab and N regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. |
| 33576834 | Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is the gold standard for (SARS-CoV-2). |
| 33579889 | This comparison revealed that the gold-standard reports correlated with the results of the proposed methodology with a high accuracy rate of 93%. |
| 33581714 | The aim of this study was to evaluate performance and effectiveness of nasopharyngeal swab (NSP) and saliva based rapid antigen detection testing kits in comparison with USFDA approved triple target gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction. […] The RDTs evaluated in this study showed limited sensitivities in comparison to gold standard RT-PCR, indicating that there is a dire need in Pakistan for development of suitable testing to improve accurate COVID-19 diagnosis in line with national demands. |
| 33582488 | RT-qPCR is the “gold-standard” method to sensitively detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA, but most laboratory-developed RT-qPCR assays involve complex steps. |
| 33583292 | At a 2-week follow-up, the presence of clinical symptoms was evaluated by telephone as a post-hoc evaluation of the screening approach.Combined positive RT-PCR assay and/or positive chest CT was used as gold standard. |
| 33583487 | ObjectiveThis study examined Gold Coast staff and patient experiences with the rapid expansion of a virtual model of chronic disease management during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study undertook a survey of enrolled patients (n=24) and focus groups with clinical and administrative staff (n=44) delivering chronic disease programs at Gold Coast Health in Queensland. |
| 33585737 | Finally, the assay was successfully applied to 16 clinical samples diagnosed by RT-qPCR, achieving 94% concordance with the current gold standard assay. |
| 33589192 | The sensitivity and specificity of the SD Biosensor were calculated considering the ICMR-NIV kit as the gold standard. |
| 33590456 | A swab test is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 despite the high number of false negatives. |
| 33592253 | We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Panbio™ Ag-RDT at primary health care (PHC) centers and test sites in symptomatic patients and close contacts, using the Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test as the gold standard. |
| 33594347 | The aetiology is often viral and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard for definite myocarditis. |